01 Introduction to Computers 1-1 ATM HardwareSoftware

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2 01 Introduction to Computers 1-1 ATM HardwareSoftware

CHAPTER 01 1-2 Windows Mac OS ios Google Android Linux / Office Photoshop

3 CHAPTER Windows Mac OS ios Google Android Linux / Office Photoshop Skype 1-2 Desktop ComputerPersonal Computer PC 1-3(a) 1-3(b) All-in-OneAIOAIO PC 1-3

4 01 Introduction to Computers (a) (b) 1-3(a) (b) All-in-One Notebook Computer Home Theater PC HTPC HTPC HTPC DVD 1-5HTPC 1-4

5 CHAPTER Server Smartphone GPS Apple iosgoogle AndroidMicrosoft Windows PhoneBlackBerry 1-6 Apple iphone Google Android Microsoft WP8 BlackBerry

01 Introduction to Computers Tablet Computer 1-7 Apple iosgoogle Android Microsoft Windows Apple ipad Android Tablet Windows Tablet 1-7 (Tablet Computer) 1-2 Central

6 01 Introduction to Computers Tablet Computer 1-7 Apple iosgoogle Android Microsoft Windows Apple ipad Android Tablet Windows Tablet 1-7 (Tablet Computer) 1-2 Central Processing Unit CPU CPU CPU Intel AMD Intel AMD Sun 2009 Oracle CPU AppleIntelMediaTekQualcommSamsung 1-1 CPU 1-1 CPU AMD FXPhenomAthlonSempron Intel Core i3/i5/i7/vproatom 1-6

7 CHAPTER 01 AMD Opteron Intel XeonItanium SunOracle SPARC T5/M5SPARC64 X Apple A8/A9 Intel Atom MediaTek Helio Qualcomm Snapdragon Samsung Exynos Integrated Circuits IC CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU Control Unit CU Register ANDORNOTXOR Shift CPU ALU Program Counter TrueFalse 1 True0 False A B ANDORNOTXOR 1-7

8 01 Introduction to Computers A AND B A B 1 1 A OR B A B 0 0 NOT A A A XOR B A B Truth Table ANDORXOR NOT 1-3ANDORXOR A B A AND B A OR B A XOR B NOT A NOT A (0, 0, 1, 1, 1) (0, 0, 1, 0, 1) (1, 0, 1, 1, 1) 0 1 AND AND 0 0 AND 0 AND 0 AND 1 = 0 1-8

9 CHAPTER 01 1 AND 1 AND 1 AND 1 = 1 OR 1 1 OR 0 OR 0 OR 1 = 1 0 OR CPU 1 $1 2 $2 3 $ $1 $2 $3 CPU 1-8CPU 1-9

10 01 Introduction to Computers MemoryCPU / CPU Main MemoryHard DiskUSB CPU / CPU 1-9 InstructionOperation Code Opcode Operand 1-9CPU / Clock Speed Intel Core i CPU 3.4GHz 3.4GHz Hz CPU 3.4GHzG 10 9 CPU 3.4GHz

11 CHAPTER KB 1,024 Bytes 1,000 Bytes CPU GHz CPU 1-5 K Kilo ,000 M Mega ,000,000 G Giga ,000,000,000 T Tera ,000,000,000,000 P Peta ,000,000,000,000,000 Number of Cores CPU Multi-core CPU CPU CPU CPU Intel Core i3 Intel Core i5/i7 4 AMD FX CPU 8 16 Intel 80 CPU CPU Graphic Processing UnitDigital Signal Processor3G/4G/Wi-Fi Cache CPU Main Memory 1-10 CPU Bus 1-11

12 01 Introduction to Computers CPU ALU 1-10CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU Intel Core i CPU 8 MB GB CPU CPU ALU CPU

13 CHAPTER 01 CPU CPU 64 Apple II 8 iphone/ipad Apple 64 SONY PS3 64 CPU CPU 64 CPU Memory GB DigitalAnalog (a) Windows Media Player bit (b) +V 1 -V bit stream

01 Introduction to Computers (a) (b) 1-11(a) (b) bit 8 Byte b B 1-2-2 CPU Intel Core i7-3770 8 MB 100M 100 Mbit/s 100M 1-2-2 KMGT Byte 8 MB Byte 1-6 1-6 KB kilobyte 2 10 Bytes (1,024 Bytes) 10 3

14 01 Introduction to Computers (a) (b) 1-11(a) (b) bit 8 Byte b B CPU Intel Core i MB 100M 100 Mbit/s 100M KMGT Byte 8 MB Byte KB kilobyte 2 10 Bytes (1,024 Bytes) 10 3 Bytes MB megabyte 2 20 Bytes (1,048,576 Bytes) 10 6 Bytes GB gigabyte 2 30 Bytes (1,073,741,824 Bytes) 10 9 Bytes TB terabyte 2 40 Bytes (1,099,511,627,776 Bytes) Bytes PB petabyte 2 50 Bytes (1,125,899,906,842,624 Bytes) Bytes 1-14

CHAPTER 01 1-3-2 Memory Random Access Memory RAM Read Only Memory ROMRAM Volatile ROM Nonvolatile

15 CHAPTER Memory Random Access Memory RAM Read Only Memory ROMRAM Volatile ROM Nonvolatile RAM ROM CPU RAM BIOS Basic Input/Output System 1-12 BIOS CD ROM Microsoft Word CD CD 1-12 BIOS 1-15

16 01 Introduction to Computers RAM Static Random Access Memory SRAMDynamic Random Access Memory DRAM SRAM 6 Flip-Flop SRAM 0 1 DRAM SRAM 1 1 DRAM DRAM SRAM DRAM DRAM SRAM SRAM DRAM SRAM CPU SRAM SRAM DRAM DRAM DRAM 1-7 SRAM DRAM 1-13 Intel Core i7 CPU Cache SRAM 1/3 8 MB 1-14 DRAM 256 MB 1-7 SRAM DRAM SRAM DRAM 1-16

CHAPTER 電腦基本架構 (a) 圖 1-13 01 (b) Intel Core i7 CPU 的積體電路摘自 Intel 網站圖 1-14 主記憶體摘自 Kingston 網站目前我們已了解 DRAM 最主要的用

類的 DRAM 包括 FPM DRAM Fast Page Mode DRAM EDO RAM Extended Data Output RAM Burst EDO RAM SDRAM Synchronous DRAM DRDRAM

同的單位時間內達成兩倍的資料傳輸量至於 DDR SDRAM 本身的技術也不斷地推陳出新已陸續有 DDR2 DDR3 DDR4 SDRAM 問市目前 DDR3 SDRAM 已

17 CHAPTER 電腦基本架構 (a) 圖 (b) Intel Core i7 CPU 的積體電路摘自 Intel 網站圖 1-14 主記憶體摘自 Kingston 網站目前我們已了解 DRAM 最主要的用途就是做為電腦的主記憶體使用而一般購買電腦時常提到的 RAM 指的就是 DRAM 而非 SRAM 若以 DRAM 的種類來分別隨著技術的演進出現了許多種類的 DRAM 包括 FPM DRAM Fast Page Mode DRAM EDO RAM Extended Data Output RAM Burst EDO RAM SDRAM Synchronous DRAM DRDRAM Direct Rambus DRAM DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM 等目前以 DDR SDRAM 技術為市場主流 DDR SDRAM 名稱當中的 DDR 指的是雙倍資料速率相較於舊式的 SDRAM 可在相同的單位時間內達成兩倍的資料傳輸量至於 DDR SDRAM 本身的技術也不斷地推陳出新已陸續有 DDR2 DDR3 DDR4 SDRAM 問市目前 DDR3 SDRAM 已成為最普遍使用的類型圖 1-14 即為 DDR3 SDRAM 市場預期 DDR4 SDRAM 將於 2016 年成為主流這些技術的改進不僅將運作時脈提高且晶片的體積也隨著製程進步不斷縮小耗電量也隨之降低了許多 1-17

18 01 Introduction to Computers ROM ROM ROM ROM BIOS ROM BIOS ROM BIOS ROM RAM RAM ROM EPROM E r a s a b l e P r o g r a m m a b l e R O M E E P R O M E l e c t r i c a l l y E r a s a b l e Programmable ROM EEPROM Flash MemoryEEPROM BIOS BIOS BIOS USB Solid-State Drive Hard Disk Drive HDD 1-15 Platter Spindle Read/Write Head

19 CHAPTER 01 Form Factor Disk Capacity GB 750GB1TB 2TB4TB 6TB TB GB 160GB Disk Cache Disk Buffer CPU 8 MB 16 MB 32 MB 64 MB Rotational Speed RPMRevolutions Per Minute 5400 RPM 7200 RPM RPM 1-19

20 01 Introduction to Computers Interface IDEIntegrated Drive Electronics Serial ATASerial Advanced Technology Attachment SATASATA SATA SATA 2.0 SATA bit Byte 8b/10b 10 bit 8 bit Byte/ sec= bit/sec0.81/8 1-8SATA SATA Gbit/s 150 MB/s SATA Gbit/s 300 MB/s SATA Gbit/s 600 MB/s Optical Disc Drive Optical Disc CDCompact Disc CD 12 CD MB CD CD-ROM CD CD-ROM ROMRead Only Memory 1-20

21 CHAPTER 01 CD-R R Recordable CD-R CD-RWRW ReWritableCD-RW CD Video CD VCD CD VCD MPEG-1 CD 74 VCD DVDDigital Versatile Disc CD DVD DVD CD 12 DVD 4.7GB 17GB DVD DVD Double-Sided DS DVD Dual-Layer DL DVD Forum DVD DVD 1 DVD-ROM CD-ROM 2 DVD-Video DVD DVD DVD 3 DVD-Audio DVD DVD-Audio DVD-Audio CD 4 DVD-R CD-R DVD-R 5 DVD-RAM DVD- RAM Random 10 6 DVD-RW DVD-RAM Sequential

22 01 Introduction to Computers DVD+RW Alliance DVD DVD+RDVD+R DLDVD+RWDVD+RW DL DVD DVD DVD+R/RW DVD-R/RW 1-16 DVD SATA USB (a) (b) 1-16(a) DVD (b) DVD DVD DVD-Video MPEG Dolby Digital AC DVD-Video VCDDVD-Video VCD Blu-ray Disc BD DVD CD DVD 12 25GB 50GB100GB128GB 25GB 4 DVD-Video 405 nm DVD DVD 6 SONY Blu-ray Disc Association Toshiba HD DVDHigh-Definition/Density DVD HD DVD 1-22

HD DVD-Video Dolby DigitalAC-3 DTS-HD Master Audio 1-3-5 Floppy

23 CHAPTER 01 Toshiba 2008 DVD CD DVD 1-17(a) DVD 1-17(b) (a) (b) 1-17(a) (b) DVD-Video MPEG-2 MPEG-4 AVC SMPTE VC Full HD DVD-Video Dolby DigitalAC-3 DTS-HD Master Audio Floppy Disk 1.2MB 1.44MB MP3 Flash Memory EEPROM USB 1-23

24 01 Introduction to Computers Memory Card CompactFlash Card Secure Digital Card CompactFlash Card CF Type I Type II mm mm Type I CF CF 128GB 100MB/s CF Secure Digital Card SD mm CF SD SD minisd Card microsd Card mm mmsd 2GB SD4GB 32GB SDHCHigh-Capacity32GB SDXCeXtended Capacity SD minisd microsd Card Reader USB mm 1-9 CompactFlash CF Type I Type II Secure Digital SD minisd microsd g ~10 ~2.0 ~1.0 ~ MB ~ 128 GB SD< 2 GB SDHC4 GB ~ 32 GB SDXC> 32 GB 1-24

25 CHAPTER mm 32 mm 21.5 mm 11 mm 43 mm 24 mm 20 mm 15 mm (a) (b) (c) (d) 1-18(a) CF (b) SD (c) minisd (d) microsd USB USB Flash Drive USB USB USB USB USB Plug-and-Play USB 8GB 16GB32GB 64GB USB USB USB Mbit/s USB USB 3.0 USB Gbit/s USB USB USB USB 1-25

26 01 Introduction to Computers Solid-State Drive SSD SSD 16GB 512GB SATA

27 CHAPTER Intel 2.5 Intel Portable Hard Drive USB USB (a) USB 3.0 IEEE 1394 FireWire 1-21(b) esataexternal SATA (a) 1-21(a) USB (b) FireWire (b) 1-27

01 Introduction to Computers 1-4 1-4-1 Keyboard 1-22 Page Up

28 01 Introduction to Computers Keyboard 1-22 Page Up Page Down Print Screen F1 F USB PS/2 USB Bluetooth 1-28

29 CHAPTER 01 Mouse USB USB 1-23 TouchpadTrackball 1-24(a) 1-24(b) 1-24(c) 1-29

30 01 Introduction to Computers (a) (b) (c) 1-24(a) (b) (c) Touchscreen Multi-Touch Virtual Keyboard All-in-One ATM Microphone 3.5 mm All-in-One Skype 1-30

31 CHAPTER (a) 1-25(b) (a) (b) 1-25(a) (b) Digital Camera Digital Single-Lens Reflex Cameras DSLR 1-26(a) 1-26(b) Full HD CF SD Augmented Reality 1-31

01 Introduction to Computers 資訊概論 (a) 圖 1-26 (b) (a) 單眼數位相機 (b) 消費型數位相機

攝錄之影片品質優於使用數位相機來錄製目前市面上的數位攝影機大多內建快閃記憶體或小型硬碟機做為錄製影片的儲存媒體可再透過 USB

是進行攝影但它多半透過 USB 介面直接與電腦連接目的是讓電腦使用者拍攝自己環境的景像以便與位於遠端的朋友進行視訊會議 Video

介面的機種以外也有些網路攝影機支援乙太網路 Ethernet 或無線區域網路 WLAN 介面可透過網路將所攝得畫面直接傳送出去如此一來

32 01 Introduction to Computers 資訊概論 (a) 圖 1-26 (b) (a) 單眼數位相機 (b) 消費型數位相機數位攝影機 Digital Video Camcorder 俗稱 DV 雖然在觀念上無異於使用數位相機錄製影片但數位攝影機強調錄影為其主要功能攝錄之影片品質優於使用數位相機來錄製目前市面上的數位攝影機大多內建快閃記憶體或小型硬碟機做為錄製影片的儲存媒體可再透過 USB 介面連接到電腦或使用 HDMI 介面連接電視機進行影片播放圖 1-27(a) 為一台數位攝影機網路攝影機 Webcam 的主要功能雖然也是進行攝影但它多半透過 USB 介面直接與電腦連接目的是讓電腦使用者拍攝自己環境的景像以便與位於遠端的朋友進行視訊會議 Video Conference 或視訊通話 Video Calling 時讓對方看得到自己的畫面彷彿雙方就像面對面聊天一般除了 USB 介面的機種以外也有些網路攝影機支援乙太網路 Ethernet 或無線區域網路 WLAN 介面可透過網路將所攝得畫面直接傳送出去如此一來網路攝影機就成為了居家看護或居家保全的工具之一甚至可應用在建構即時路況即時天氣等有用的便民服務 (a) 圖 (b) (a) 數位攝影機 (b) 網路攝影機

GPS 1-4-2 Monitor Cathode Ray Tube CRT Liquid

33 CHAPTER 01 Scanner / Dot Per Inch dpi 1200 dpi 4800 dpi 1-28(a) 1-28(b) (a) (b) 1-29(a) (b) GPS Monitor Cathode Ray Tube CRT Liquid Crystal Display LCDPlasma Display Panel PDPCRT 1-33

34 01 Introduction to Computers NTSC CRT Interlaced Scan CRT Pixel LCD TFT-LCD Thin-Film Transistor LCD LCD LED LED TFT LED CCFL PDP Cell PDP Cell LCD LCD CRT LCD Progressive Scan Full HD UHD 4K VGA D-SubDVI HDMI HDMI 1-34

CHAPTER 01 1-29 VGADVIHDMI 1-29VGADVIHDMI 1-11 VGA SVGA XGA WXGA WUXGA UHD 4K 640480

35 CHAPTER VGADVIHDMI 1-29VGADVIHDMI 1-11 VGA SVGA XGA WXGA WUXGA UHD 4K p p/1080i Projector Lumen 1-35

36 01 Introduction to Computers SpeakerHeadset Dolby Digital (a) 1-30(b) (a) (b) 1-30(a) 5.1 (b) Printer Dot-Matrix Printer Ink-Jet PrinterLaser Printer

37 CHAPTER 01 (a) (b) (c) 1-31(a) (b) (c)

38 01 Introduction to Computers bit 1 8 Byte Binary 01 2 Decimal 0~ A A B B C C D D E E F F 1-38

CHAPTER 01 Hexadecimal 0~9 ABCDEF 16 16 1-12 8 2 Android 1-32

39 CHAPTER 01 Hexadecimal 0~9 ABCDEF Android 1-32 Wi-Fi MAC MAC Android IntegerFloating Point

40 01 Introduction to Computers Most Significant bit 's Complement

41 CHAPTER IEEE 754 SingleDouble ExtendedQuadruple ASCIIVV == 6110 ASCII V ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII 1-15 ASCII-8 ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII-8 BIG5 16 GB Unicode Unicode 16 65, ASCII 1-41

42 01 Introduction to Computers 1-15 ASCII 10 ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII 33! A 81 Q 97 a 113 q B 82 R 98 b 114 r 35 # C 83 S 99 c 115 s 26 $ D 84 T 100 d 116 t 27 % E 85 U 101 e 117 u 28 & F 86 V 102 f 118 v G 87 W 103 g 119 w 40 ( H 88 X 104 h 120 x 41 ) I 89 Y 105 i 121 y 42 * 58 : 74 J 90 Z 106 j 122 z ; 75 K 91 [ 107 k 123 { 44, 60 < 76 L 92 \ 108 l = 77 M 93 ] 109 m 125 } > 78 N 94 ^ 110 n 126 ~ 47 / 63? 79 O 95 _ 111 o 127 DEL P 96 ` 112 p 1-6 bitbyte RAMROM SRAM DRAM ASCII Unicode 1-42

43 () 1. (A) (B) (C) (D) () Hz (A) 3 KHz (B) 3 MHz (C) 3 GHz (D) 3 THz () 3. (A) USB (B) DVD-R (C) (D) () 4. (A) (B) DVD-R (C) CD (D) () 5. (A) microsd (C) SD (B) minisd (D) CF () 6. (A) (B) (C) (D) () (A) 0B (C) 1D (B) 09 (D) 1F () 8. (A) ASCII (B) ASCII-8 (C) BIG5 (D) Unicode 1-43

44 1. Cache 2. SRAM DRAM VCDDVDBD

03243AA_CH05.indd

03243AA_CH05.indd CHAPTER 5 週資訊科技概論電腦的週邊設備邊設備泛指主機以外的相關硬體設備, 這些設備依其用途, 可區分為輔助儲存設備 ( 輔助記憶體 ) 輸入設備及輸出設備等 3 大類 ( 圖 5-1) 筆記型電腦則為了攜帶方便, 會將常用的週邊設備整