6 : 991 (meltinclusionmi) (LA-ICP-MSlaserablationin- 2002; 2004;Kent2008;AudétatandLo- ( 100μm;AudétatandLowenstern2014) (Sorby1858;Roedder1979;Lowens

Transcription

1 42 6 Earth Science Vol42 No htp://wwwearth-sciencenet Jun 2017 doi:103799/dqkx : Cu-(Mo-Au) Mo - Cu-(Mo-Au) Mo : ; Cu-(Mo-Au) ;Mo ; ; ; :P597 : (2017) : FormationModificationandAnalyticalTechniquesofMeltInclusion andtheirapplicationsineconomicgeology ZhangDaohan 1 WeiJunhao 1 FuLebing 1 WangDazhao 2 1Facultyof Earth ResourcesChina Universityof GeosciencesWuhan China 2Schoolof Earth Sciencesand ResourcesChina Universityof GeosciencesBeijing China Abstract:Meltinclusionhasbeenwidelyusedintheresearchofvolcanicandsomemagmaticsystemsandnowgradualyap- pliedtoeconomicgeologybecauseofitsabsoluteadvantageoverwhole-rockanalysisinpreservingtheprimarymetalandvola- tilecompositionofore-formingmagmasinthispaperwefirstlypresentmeltinclusionformationandpost-entrapmentmodifi- cationonitscompositionthensummarizethecommonlyusedanalyticaltechniquesformeltinclusionstudiesandfinalytake porphyrycu-(mo-au)andporphyry Mosystemsasexamplestointroduceitsapplicationsineconomicgeologyincludingde- terminationofore-formingmetalsvolatilecompositionandfluid-meltpartitioncoeficientsconsideringthefactsthatmost meltinclusionshavebeenmodifiedtoacertaindegreesaftertheirentrapmentandthatthemodification mechanismformost rock-formingmineralshasnotbeenwelunderstoodatentionhastobepaidtothemeltinclusiondataandassociatedinterpre- tationwiththeimprovementofanalyticalmethodssuchambiguouspost-entrapmentmodificationmechanism mayberesolved inthenearfutureandinturnitcanpromotetheapplicationsofmeltinclusionthesuccessfulapplicationsofmeltinclusionin porphyrycu-(mo-au)andporphyry Mosystemsconfirmthatmeltinclusionhasbeenanimportantandpowerfultoolinstud- yingore-formingmetalsandvolatileevolutioninore-formingmagmasystemsincomparisonwithwhole-rockstudy Keywords:meltinclusion;porphyryCu-(Mo-Au)deposit;porphyry Modeposit;EPMA (electronmicroprobe);sims (sec- ondaryionmassspectrometry);la-icp-ms(laserablationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry) : (No ) : (1990-) ORCID: zhangdaohan163@163com : (6):

2 6 : 991 (meltinclusionmi) (LA-ICP-MSlaserablationin- 2002; 2004;Kent2008;AudétatandLo- ( 100μm;AudétatandLowenstern2014) (Sorby1858;Roedder1979;Lowenstern 1995; 2002;Kent2008;AudétatandLowen- stern2014) ( 1a 1b) ( 1c) - ( 1c) (Kent2008;AudétatandLowenstern2014) ( 1d) (Kent2008;Audétatand Lowen- stern2014) ( 1a) (Kent2008) ( >1000 ) (Halteretal2005;Audétatand Petke2006;Audétat ;Merceretal2015; ZhangandAudétat2017a2017b) ( 1a) (Liuetal2015;Lietal2016) (Lo- ( Pb;Zhangetal2014) wenstern1995) ductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry) (Lowenstern1995; wenstern2014; 1a) (Thomasetal2006a) ( 2a) ( 2b) ( 2011;Sunetal2013;Duan (AudétatandLowen- etal2014) stern2014) (Kent2008) Cu-(Mo-Au) Mo ( 3a) ( 3b 3c) ( 3d) ( 3e) (Bodnarand Student2006)

3 992 htp://wwwearth-sciencenet 42 1 (a) (b~d) Fig1 Schematicviewshowingtheformationofdiferenttypesofmeltinclusionswithinquartzcrystal(a)andmicrophoto- graphsoftypicalmeltinclusions(b-d) a ( AudétatandLowenstern2014) A~D E F C D ( );b (MI);c ; d (MI) Fig2 2 (a) (b) (MI) Microphotographsofmeltinclusionswithinsieve-texturedplagioclase(a)andclinopyroxene(b) (SchianoandBourdon1999) - ( 3f) 12 ( 2002;Kent2008) ( ) (Kohut andnielsen2004;baker2008;kent2008) (Audétat

4 6 : 993 Fig3 3 (a~e) (f) Microphotographsofmeltinclusionswithvariablecrystalinity(a-e)andpartlycrackedmeltinclusion (f) a ;b c ;d ;e ;f andlowenstern2014) (Danyushevskyetal2002) (Gaetaniand Watson2002) ( ) (KuzminandSobolev2004) Fe Mg Fe/Mg Fe Fe 2+ Fe ( 20μm) Fe/Mg Fe (Danyushevskyetal2000) (<15μm) (Kuzmin andsobolev2004) Na/Ca Na/Ca ( 2004;Audétat Na (AudétatandLowenstern2014) andlowenstern2014) Fe Na ( 3f) Na Zajaczetal(2009) Na Li Cu Ag ( 3d) ( ) /

5 994 htp://wwwearth-sciencenet 42 (AudétatandLowenstern2014) Gaetanietal(2012) 10GPa h H 2O 037% 390% 01MPa h (Andersonand Wright H 2O 380% 1972;Anderson1974) H + (Gaetanietal2012) H 2O (Portnyagin etal2008) (electron microprobeep- Seversetal(2007) MA) (secondaryionmassspectrometry 100MPa SIMS) (laserab h lationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrome- 35% H 2O 1 tryla-icp-ms) (fou- 512h 75% H 2O riertransforminfraredspectroscopyftir) (microlaserraman spectroscopy LRS) EPMA SIMS LA-ICP-MS ( ) (AudétatandLowenstern2014) LA-ICP-MS) H 2O (Kent2008;Mason (Audétat etal2008;audétatand Lowenstern2014) andlowenstern2014) FTIR LRS ( H 2O / CO 2 (Thomasetal2006b; ) ( ) Metrichand Walace2008) ( H 2O ) 3 EPMA SIMS ( ) 3 1 Table1 Comparisonamongdiferentcharacteristicsofcommonlyusedmethodsforanalyzingmeltinclusioncompositionand theircorrespondingadvantagesanddisadvantages / ( μ m) (10-6 ) EPMA 1~ ;Na ; SIMS 10~30 Pb <1 ; ; LA-ICP-MS Sr Pb 10~100 <1 ; ; ; :Kent(2008);Masonetal(2008);AudétatandLowenstern (2014)

6 6 : EPMA SIMS( LA-ICP-MS ) (Nielsenetal1998;Kent2008) (Audétatand Lo- Newcombeetal(2014) wenstern2014) StudentandBodnar(1999) EPMA SIMS( LA-ICP-MS ) 3 :(1) ;(2) ;(3) (StudentandBodnar2004;Bodnarand Student2006;AudétatandLowenstern2014) (Nielsenetal1998) ( 4) : StudentandBodnar(2004) 3 - ( 4 (Ar 2GPa) Fig4 Changesintheappearanceofcrystalizedmeltinclusionsduringstepwisehomogenizationat2GPaArconfiningpressure ZhangandAudétat(2017b)

7 996 htp://wwwearth-sciencenet 42 1GPa) 15kV 2~ 4nA 10~15μm Na K (Blundyand Cashman2008; AudétatandLowenstern2014) 0022~0025nA/ μ m 2 (AudétatandLowenstern2014) Na 6% (Morgan andlondon2005) 23 (SIMS) H 2O (SIMS) 22 (EPMA) (EPMA)( O - Cs + ) EPMA X X EPMA (Layne2006; ( Si Ti Al Cr Fe Mn Mg Ca Kent2008;AudétatandLowenstern2014)SIMS Ni Na K P ) ( F Cl S) (Kent2008) H 2O 100% (Devine (H C F S Cl) ( 1) etal1995)epma 5%~10% ( 1) 10% ~40% (Kent2008;Audétatand Lowenstern 1~20μm(Audétatand Lowenstern 2014); (10%~50%) (Kent2008) EPMA ( 1% H 2O) (10~30μm) >(1~10) ) SIMS 5% (H Li B O C S Cl ) ( Pb) (Kent2008) SIMS Na (Kent2008;AudétatandLowenstern2014) 10 BH + 11 B + 34 SH - 35 Cl - 29 Si 16 O + 45 Sc Ba 16 O Eu + Na K Li H 2O (Morgan (Layne2006;BlundyandCashman2008) andlondon2005;humphreysetal2006;blundy andcashman2008) (Layne2006;BlundyandCashman2008) Si Al Na (BlundyandCashman2008) H 2O (Hinton1995) NIST610 H 2O MorganandLondon(2005) 25% Na (Layne2006) SIMS 0006nA/ μ m 2 Na ( 17% ~27%); (Hinton1995;Layne 01nA/ μ m 2 Na (7%~9%); 2006) SIMS 05nA/ μ m 2 50% ~ 60% Na Na 30~90min(Kent2008)

8 6 : (LA-ICP-MS) SIMS (LA-ICP- Pb Th Nb U SIMS MS) (Petkeetal (Ar 2004;Masonetal2008) He) LA-ICP-MS EPMA (Liuetal SIMS 2013)LA-ICP-MS LA-ICP-MS SIMS (Kent2008) EPMA SIMS LA-ICP- andlowenstern2014)halteretal( ) MS LA-ICP-MS ( ( ) ) 5% ~10%Mason etal(2008) (Heinrichetal2003; 2015) ( ) EPMA SIMS LA-ICP-MS( ) (Pb Th Nb U) 3 (Petkeetal2004;Liuetal2013;Audétat LA-ICP-MS 5 LA-ICP-MS ( 5b) 5 LA-ICP-MS Fig5 Schematicdiagram ofla-icp-msanalysisofacrystalized meltinclusion withinolivinecrystalandcorresponding transientsignals a ;b ( Petke2006);c LA-ICP-MS

9 998 htp://wwwearth-sciencenet 42 + (Audétat ;Merceretal2015;Zhang 3 ( 5c) and Audétat2017b) Sn (Dietrichet al ( NIST610) 2000) W-Sn (Audétatetal2000; + Naumovand Kamenetsky2006) Au (Mustard etal2006) Ta-Nb (Lietal2017) (rareearthelementree) (Vasyukovaand Wil- liams-jones ) EPMA - (Halter etal2002;petkeetal2004;audétatand Lo- wenstern2014) LA-ICP-MS 31 Cu-(Mo-Au) ( ) Cu-(Mo-Au) (Petkeetal2004;Petke2006) MASH (melt- LA-ICP-MS 3 Cu-(Mo-Au) Mo assimilation-storage-homogenization (Stavastet al2006; AudétatandSimon2012) 3 ) LA-ICP-MS (Richards2005;Silitoe2010) Cu- LA-ICP-MS (Mo-Au) EPMA SIMS (Halteretal2005; (Petkeetal 2005;Sternetal2007;Loucks2014; 2004;Petke2006;Masonetal2008) 2017) 3 EPMA SIMS Bingham Canyon(ZhangandAudétat2017a) San- LA-ICP-MS tarita(audétatandpetke2006) Alum- brera(halteretal2005) 3 - Cu-(Mo-Au) ( H 2O)LA- ICP-MS Cu ( )(ZhangandAudétat2017a) Cu- (Mo-Au) (Halteretal2005;AudétatandPet- ke2006;zhang and Audétat2017a) Mo

10 6 : Cu-(Mo-Au) ( 6a) (Hatori1993;Keithetal1997) S Santa Rita S Cu-(Mo-Au) ( ) Cu S ( ~ ; 6b) Cu Houetal(2015) S Zhangand Cu Audétat(2017a) Bingham Can- yon S S S Cu MORB S S H 2O 32 Mo S Mo (Carten Bingham Canyon (150~ Cu-(Mo-Au) SantaRi- 280) 10-6 Cu(Zhangand Audétat2017a)Santa ta(audétatet al2004;audétat and Pet-ke Rita Cu (260~360) 10-6 (Audétatand Petke2006;Zhang and Audétat 2017a) Alumbrera (100~200) 10-6 Cu (Halteretal2005) 3 Cu Cu-(Mo-Au) Cu S ( ~ ) ~ Bingham Canyon SantaRita ( 6a) Cu-(Mo-Au) H 2O 1%~5% 1%~4% Cu Zhangand Audétat(2017a) H 2O Bingham Canyon SantaRita 4%~5% H 2O H S H 2O Bingham Canyon ~ (volatilefluxing) 2006) ElTeniente(Sternetal2007) (Xiao etal2012) (Luhr2008; WalaceandEdmonds2011) ZhangandAudétat(2017a) (ZhangandAudétat2017a) 6 Cu(a) S(b) Fig6 ComparisonofCu (a)ands (b)concentrationsinmaficmeltinclusionsfrom mineralizedandbarrensystems ZhangandAudétat(2017a)

11 1000 htp://wwwearth-sciencenet 42 etal1993):(1) ;(2) 1 650~700 Climax Henderson Big Ben MtHope Questa - Mo (Carten etal1993) Cartenetal(1988) Mo 174±36~198±67 / ( Lowenstern1994) D Mo (143±37~227±67) Mo (Audétat2015) Mo Climax(Audétat2015) CavePeak (Audétat2010) PineGrove(Audétatetal2011) Henderson(Merceretal2015) Mo baumerandaudétat2013;audétat2015) ( 2) Mo ( Mo Mo / 7) (Lowenstern1994) ( Cs ) Mo( 7) (Shinohara Mo / etal1995) Mo Mo / (D Mo ) Audétat(2010) CavePeak Mo 12~15GPa LA-ICP-MS Mo / D Mo = Mo ~ (Lerch- 7 Mo Mo Fig7 ComparisonofMoconcentrationsfromporphyry Mo-mineralizedsub-economicaly Mo-mineralizedandbarrensystems Audétat(2015);Henderson SilverCreek ZhangandAudétat(2017b)

12 6 : Mo Mo / Table2 Comparisonoffluid-meltpartitioncoeficientsofMofromporphyry Mo-mineralizedandbarrenmagmas Mo Mo (% NaClequiv) ( ) (10-6 ) (10-6 ) D Mo / CavePeak MC2A-GT ~ ±4 73±15 174±36 Audétat(2010) CavePeak MC2A-GZ ~ ±11 53±17 198±67 Audétat(2010) Stronghold Stro1A ±9 32±22 144±103 Audétatetal(2008) RitodelMedio Rtio5lastgz ±6 93±24 143±37 Zajaczetal(2008) RitodelMedioRito52ndlastgz ±20 74±20 227±67 Zajaczetal(2008) Huangshan HS ±14 36±05 208±48 : Audétat(2015) ; 8 Mo Rb F Fig8 RbvsFdiagramforrhyoliticmeltinclusionsfromdiferenttectonicsetingsandfromporphyry Mo-mineralizedsystems Audétat(2015);PineGrove Lowenstern(1994);Henderson SilverCreek ZhangandAudétat(2017b) F Mo (Audétat2015) Climax Mo Climax F 31% ~ Henderson Pine Grove Silver 45% ( 01%) (01% ~ 20%) ( 8;Audétat Creek F / H 2O ( 3) 2015) Audétat(2015) Mo F H 2O F (Giordanoetal2008) Climax Hen- Henderson derson PineGrove SilverCreek PineGrove SilverCreek Mo 10 48~49 Pa s 10 44~49 Pa s F 10 45~51 Pa s 10 35~44 Pa s( 3) ( 3) ( 8) (ZhangandAudétat

13 1002 htp://wwwearth-sciencenet 42 3 Mo Table3 Comparisonofphysicalandchemicalpropertiesof ore-formingmagmasfromporphyry Mosystems Climax Henderson PineGrove SilverCreek Mo(10-6 ) 5~7 10~15 ~2 3~4 F(%) 310~ ~ ~ ~032 H2O(%) ~60 52~72 60~80 58~94 T( ) 1 710~ ~ ~ ~800 logη ( Pa s) 2 48~49 44~49 45~51 35~44 : ZhangandAudétat(2017b) ;1 ;2 ;F H2O 2017b) Mo F H 2O 4 H (Gaetanietal2012) Cu-(Mo-Au) Mo Cu Mo - Cu-(Mo-Au) (ZhangandAudétat2017a) - Fe (Zhangand Bingham Canyon Cu-(Mo-Au) (~2000km 3 ;Stein- bergeretal2013) Mo Audétat2017b) Nano- SIMS Na Cu-(Mo-Au) Cu Cu (Halteretal2005;Zajaczand Halter2007; ZhangandAudétat2017a)Halteretal(2005) Zajaczand Halter(2007) Cu Cu : DrAndreasAudétat Cu Cu(ZhangandAudétat2016) References AndersonAT1974EvidenceforaPicriticVolatile-Rich Mag- mabeneath MtShastaCaliforniaJournalof Petrology15 ( ) ( ) (2): doi:101093/petrology/152243

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