NF KF-RO-400P,2 8 9:Y; X M9 5 1 / K Table1 Efectofremovingconventionalindexesby pretreatment / $ / /(mg L -1 ) NTU (mg L -1 ) COD NO

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1 33 4 Vol.33 No JournalofYangtzeRiverScientificResearchInstitute Apr doi: /ckyyb ,33(04):11-15 ( )*+,-./01! 1,2a,2b, 0 1, 2a,2b, 2a,2b (1.c $% ; 2. ; a. ;b.@ay(78 $%^CDE, ) : [ #K^ S D, bc, bc, R /#K^, 8 [U > : D,,! ]I@A, #K^ 3 &"#.> 0.4MPa,L> N 250L/h, 24%,SO 2-4,Cl -,NO - 3 $ I 91.7%,85.4%,85.2%,89.3%;Z[%& ' W 2 [U ( 95.7% ; Q Y,# ;]I 63.7% (#K^, & 0 ]I!T,c 2 0 [ :[ ; ;#K^ ; S D,; ()*+,:TU991;X52 -./01:A -,: (2016) bc Hc T bc T (S) * +(,S) _-,./,? T./ [1] 8, 0 c A 1,! /X[ & [ S D, [ S D,'`, #K^ I ` 6 A I!" [2-3] [ #K^ D,[ $% K, DE 8X$% [4-6],! X$%,8 $% [7] $% [ (NF) #K^(RO) S D, bc X$%, -? 8 [U, 1 _, V [ D, [. 1 [\ Z*L@A 1.1 [\ = 1) bc, ) 1 ([ Fig.1 Treatmentprocesofpilot-scaleexperiment R (GAC) (NF)/#K^ (RO) D,,! SDI 5, > 1 NF a NF,D, 1m 3 /h, 0 > NF > >T 2+, -?+_ 3 V, V J 3 RO 4D RO,J #.,D, 65L/h, 60% NF-RO -?4 \ > 5 V NF( RO 3 (5, J F 6 7 X E [ NF RO ESNA1- : ;: :^ ; (2012ZX07506) : (1982-),, 1 D,'Q.,(-.) (-/01)hezms@163.com : (1955-),,c H!,23,4#& 9, $% T,(-.) (-/01)envidean@nju.edu.cn

2 NF KF-RO-400P,2 8 9:Y; X M9 5 1 / K Table1 Efectofremovingconventionalindexesby pretreatment / $ / /(mg L -1 ) NTU (mg L -1 ) COD NO - 3 -N NH 3 -N SO 4 2- Cl - bc, R GAC( ) *L@A =RS Z[S`, :! (2100P, HACH); (MP230, 8 - K);723I<< DDSJ-308A - ( = ) Z[ Tekmar3000 >?-@ %& ( Agilent6890GC-FID /ECD *[ ba :1% (N 2 ) 3L/min,B> (N 2 ) 30L/min;2 < 200 ;3@, 50, 5 /min 4 160, 10 /min FID : JK 2.1 NF #.> O NF! _ [2] XE 0.2~0.6MPa > N3,I RS (>!UU= 2, =R S U= 3 ) 2 9 Fig.2 Relationshipbetweenwateryield andpresure I Q j Q c, % 0 % I c j c, : η c =Q c /Q j 100%; η=(1-c c /c j ) 100% ":0.2NFR NF > 0.2MPa;NRR NF RO ) 3 O / K Fig.3 Efectsofremovingconventionalindexesby diferenttechniques = 2, 0.2~0.6MPa> N, Q c η c (> P!U η c K^- J v T!, -? IJ J v #$ η c P( J v!u J v =L p (P-Δπ),# Δπ=(c m -c c )RT (1) :J v P P\I m/s MPa;L p C ^?U_(m/s MPa);Δπ D K^> (MPa); c m E% ;R _;T >:D,c m % ;,c m c j,l Δπ (c j -c c )RT, _, J v P! U, > (>!U XE> * 0.2~0.6MPa, Q >, 4 NF = 3>, 0.2~0.5MPa> N,NF = RS, >N / ; > 0.6MPa,% 3?, =RS (2 (E) 3,1 NF &"#.> 0.4MPa L> N, 250L/h, 24%,SO 4 2-,Cl -,NO - 3, $ I 91.7%,85.4%,85.2%,89.3%, RO, NF-RO, NF (1~2nm) ;,##.> RO, -& [8] 2.2 NF 9 [\ NF & $ #.> 0.4MPaN, " 24%, ; -?%& NF%& [Q ]I!T XXE,J- %& XE,-?, GAC 0,F\ Na 2 SO 4 NaCl,? NF D,, X

3 :; % 13 = 4 XE = 4(a) > 0, % (SO mg/L7 Cl mg/l),nf Q,# #.> 0.4MPa,SO 4 2-,Cl - I 94.4%, 86.5%,0 % I 21.1,34.2mg/L,- ( 0)(% L,-?%& Q c4, - ( RO,NF SO 2-4, Cl - G RO NF Cl - I 97.7% 86.5%,? NF 9:Y;X M9, 7-O H, O-K /( SO 4 2- ) O- /( Cl - )!, RO (<1nm) 8, ;]I / II [6] = 4(b) > 2 J,K L L F \,SO 4 2- Cl -,? F\K L L - %, - K^>, SO 2-4 Cl - L, D [ D,?@, " P / %,% % ) 4 F [\JK Fig.4 Resultofsimulatedreflowtest 5 2 Na 2 SO 4 Cl - Table2 InfluencesofaddingNa 2 SO 4 on theremovalrateofcl - % /(mg L -1 ) SO 4 2- Cl - /% Cl - 0.3NF 0.4NF 0.5NF RO NF D RO K XXE &[ > 8 8 S X (GB ) *+- 6 ([ [ M [ [ N [), NF RO >, F\ [(11.1 μg/l) (86.7μg/L) [(18.2μg/L) M[(70.5μg/L),-? NF D,,4 95.7% % NF!, = 5, %, 4 4% I 231.1,1885.4,175.6,594.2μg/L (= ), 99%, F\,O+0 %, #% [ S X RO NF A1,2 6 3,1 [ F,NF RO [ M [ [,? 2 I / T [;,! [2], L[5] $%Qc4 E ) 5 O K Fig.5 Efectsofremovingtraceorganicsby diferenttechniques = 5>,0.4MPa NF &">, ( Q 7 / &"> 0.5MPa, C - 0.1MPa, NF >Q7-O 7 / -.[, ^?, # &"#.> 0.4MPaN,% X- NF [ N [ % I 496.5,532.8μg/L,? NF D,2,#0 % I 2.18,5.28μg/L,? 99% 2.4 NF D RO K 6 (NOM) S P T Q,[?@ & [9] RMS(THMs) [?@ &, [ XXE,[ 1% / LD4(\ V ph=4.0) W 0, -5 T -? -GC-ECD I J X, (GAC) MS U MS U MS UMS % I 3.22,0.65, 0.38,0.42μg/L NF RO Y U= 6

4 S D,, 6 [ #.> #K^, 0 % ]I ]I!T, [ D,,! [ M ) 6 O K Fig.6 Efectsofremovingdisinfectionby-products bydiferenttechniques = 6 J,NF RO Y, MS UMS UM S U M S I 63.7%,70.8%, 89.5%,95.2%,? D, TVW X 6 (NOM), Y Lin [10] $%Y -O.[ 8I/ T NF ( 7- ),, \.[ - NF,,2 S D,2 [, +?@ [11] 3 J D,,! ] I@A, 2 #K^ 3 ]- &"#.> 0.4MPa, L> N 250L/h, 24%,SO 2-4, Cl -,NO - 3, $ I 91.7%,85.4%, 85.2%,89.3% Z[%& ' W #K^ [U ( 95.7% 2 Q Y,# ;]I 63.7% 0 [, +?@ L, [ #K^ -.: [1],,,.bc $%[J]. $%,2006, 19(3): [2] GUOH,WYARTY,PEROTJ,etal.Low presuremem braneintegritytestsfordrinkingwatertreatment:are view[j].waterresearch,2010,44(1): [3],Z[, \. [ S D, [[J]. F(,2012,38(11): [4] ] ^, 9,,. _ & O $%[J]. (, 2013,33(6): [5] HUERTA FONTELAM,GALCERANM T,VENTURAF. OccurenceandRemovalofPharmaceuticalsandHormones throughdrinkingwatertreatment[j].waterresearch, 2011,45(3): [6] WANGL,ALBASIC,FAUCET MARQUISV,etal.Cy clophosphamideremovalfromwaterbynanofiltrationand ReverseOsmosisMembrane[J].WaterResearch,2009, 43(17): [7] XUEG,HESB,WANGXZ.PilotStudyonNanofiltra tion Combined with Ozonation and GAC foradvanced DrinkingWaterTreatment[J].JournalofDonghuaUniver sity,2004,21(6): [8] `,. I A6 F [9],a b.h 2 O 2 /O 3 c / O $%[J].bc,2013,30(9): [10]LINYL,CHANGPC,CHANGEE,etal.Removalof SmalTrihalomethanePrecursorsfromAqueousSolutionby Nanofiltration[J].JournalofHazardMaterials,2007,146 (1/2): [11],8,,. Y[ $% [J].,2013,29(18): ()*: 80) AdvancedTreatmentofDrinkingWaterwithNFandRO Technology HEZhong 1,2,3,WANGZhi liang 1,YANGShao gui 2,3,SUNCheng 2,3 (1.JiangsuProvincialKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalEngineering,JiangsuProvincialAcademyofEnvironmental Science,Nanjing210036,China;2.SchoolofEnvironment,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing ,China; StateKeyLaboratoryofPolutionControlandResourceReuse,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,China) Abstract:Afterhavingbeenpretreatedinturnwithcoagulation sedimentation,sandfilterandgranularactivated

5 :; % 15 carbon(gac),thewaterofyangtseriverwastreatedwithnanofiltration(nf)andreverseosmosis(ro),respec tively.theresultsindicatethatthepretreatmentsareveryimportantforlatertreatmentreliabilitysincetheycanre movemostturbidityandsomepolutants.undertheoptimumpresure0.4mpaofnfwhichhasbeendeterminedin pilotstudy,thewaterproductionquantityandtherecoveryrateare250l/hand24%,respectively,theremoval ratioofso 2-4,Cl -,NO - 3 andtotalhardnesis91.7%,85.4%,85.2% and89.3%,respectively.concentratedwa terrefluxcanachievebothhighrecoveryrateandremovalrate.additionaly,bothroandnfcanremove95.7% oforganiccontaminants(benzene,trichloroethylene,ethylbenzene,m xylene,chlorobenzene,nitrobenzene)and alsocangreatlycontroldisinfectionby products(dbps)withmosteliminationrateover63.7%.comparedwith RO,theoperationcostofNFislow,andtheefluentofNFcanbeusedasdrinkingwaterasitcontainsfavorable mineralsubstances. Keywords:drinkingwater;nanofiltration;reverseosmosis;advancedtreatmentofwaterquality;removalrate 櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊櫊 ( Q 5R) AnalysisofWaterResourcesSecurityin ChongqingCityBasedonWPIModel ZHANGZhe 1,HETai rong 1,2,SHURui qin 1,LIUHuan 1 (1.SchoolofGeographyandTourism,ChongqingNormalUniversity,Chongqing ,China; 2.KeyLaboratoryofSurfaceProcesandEnvironmentRemoteSensingintheThreeGorgesReservoirArea, ChongqingNormalUniversity,Chongqing ,China) Abstract:TheaimofthisresearchistocomprehensivelyasesthesituationofwaterresourcesecurityinChongqing cityandanalyzetheinfluencingfactorsinmultiplebackground.webuiltanasesmentindexsystemofwaterre sourcessecuritybasedonwpimodel.thesystemconsistsoffivesubsystems:resource(r),acces(a),usage (U),capacity(C),andenvironment(E).Wecalculatedthecomprehensivesecurityindexofwaterresourcesand thefivesubsystems scoresduring inChongqingcityusingweightingfunctionmethod,andconducted comparativeanalysisbyusingthemethodoffactoranalysis.furthermore,weestablishedfactorsratingmodeland clasifiedthefivesubsystemsintosuperior,mediumandinferior.resultsrevealedthatthewaterresourcessecurity indexofchongqingincreasedprogresivelyduring ,andthecoeficientsofoveraltrendwas0.0228/a, indicatingthatthesituationofwaterresourcessecurityimprovedandtheasesmentresultwasconsistentwithfactor analysis.however,thefivesubsystemshadadiferentvariationtendencyintime.amongthefivesubsystems,the scoresofaccessubsystemandcapacitysubsystemwererisingyearbyyear.comparedwithearlieryears,thescores ofresourcesubsystemandenvironmentsubsysteminlateyearsdeclined.butthescoreofusagesubsystemchanged alitle.theaccesfactorandcapacityfactorevolvedfrominferiortosuperiorwhiletheresourcefactorandenviron mentfactordegradedintotheinferior.theeficiencyfactordegradedintomediumfromsuperior.accordingtothea boveresults,weconcludethatthesituationofwaterresourcessecurityinchongqingcityhasriskposibilityinthe future.therefore,themanagementofwaterresourcesshouldbestrengthenedandwaterenvironmentshouldalsobe improved,andthewater savingawarenesshouldbeintensified. Keywords:waterresourcessecurity;WPImodel;factorsratingmodel;factoranalysis;Chongqingcity

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