3 VMI (vendormanagedinven tory,vmi) [7,8 VMI (consignmentinventory),, ( ) ( ),, ; S R 3 [9 VMI 牜爤 S 爤牊爤 [0~, 爤 R, ( VMI) DONG [ EOQ 爤牜 S 爤牊, 爤爤牜

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1 ChineseJournalofManagement Vol.No. Mar VMI ( ) S R 3 VMI, DONG VMI S R 3 ( VMI) S R 3 VMI, S R 3 VMI, VMI ; (VMI); 53. A 67 88X(007)0 = = $ + WANG Weiping ZHU Yangguang DU Shaofu (UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,Hefei,China) + IntegratedVMImodelforS R three echelonsupplychainisproposed,towhichthe existedsingle echelonvmimodelanditsanalysisapproachareextended.inthiscircumstance,the short term implementingefectofvmiintegrationwasanalyzed.itwasdemonstratedthatthecoreof VMI basedcoalitiongamecorrespondingtos R supplychain,aswelasfeasibleprofitalocation schemesthatalsideswouldaccept,iscertaintoexist.beingstableforeachparticipator,thevmi basedcoalitionwouldnotdeviateindividualyfrom thiscoalition. supplychainmanagement;vendor managedinventory(vmi);coalitiongame;core 0 80,, [,, [, 3 95,, HARRIS, (economicorderquantity,eoq) [, EOQ, [3,,,,,, ( ) ; 0 60 [5,6, ; ;3,,

2 3 VMI (vendormanagedinven tory,vmi) [7,8 VMI (consignmentinventory),, ( ) ( ),, ; S R 3 [9 VMI 牜爤 S 爤牊爤 [0~, 爤 R, ( VMI) DONG [ EOQ 爤牜 S 爤牊, 爤爤牜 R 爤牊爤, VMI VMI, VMI 3, DONG [ VMI, VMI, (S R) 3 ( VMI), VMI VMI VMI,, 3 VMI, VMI, 3 VMI, S R 3, S R 3 VMI, R VMI,S R 3 VMI, EOQ 3 3, S DONG [, 5VMI, R, ()S R, 3 爲 () 牪, ( ) VMI, EOQ (3) 牘 ( 牪 ) 85

3 007 3 () 牎 R 牞 R R (5) 牎 S 牞 S S 牜 (6) 牎牞牎牜牞 ( ) (7) ( 牪 ) S( 牪 ), (8) 牥 R 牥 VMI (9) 犆 R 犆犆 S 犆 VMI 犆 = 犆 R+ 犆 + 犆 S EOQ 3 (0) 牥牋犆牋 6 VMI 牎 R 牞 R牪, () 爫, 爫 = 犆 R = 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - 牥 R 牪 - 牎 R 牞 R牪 () {S,,R} () 牷爫,,, 牷爫爯 R 燉, 牪燉爯 R (3) 犆牷牷 VMI, 牷犆 {,R}, 犆 {S,R} 牊牪牊爯 R 牞燈 + 牎燈犆 {S,} 爯 R = 牎 R 牞 R 牪牞牎 + () 犵牷 3 VMI 牷牊牜, 牎牞牞 S 牥, 牪, 牜牜爯 = 牞牪燉牎, 爯燉, 牪燉爯, 3 ( ) 牜牜. VMI 牎牞牪, VMI, 牜牜犆 = 牥 R 牪 - 牥牪 - ( 牪 )- 牎牞牪 - 3 牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + () 牪, EOQ, 爯 R= 牞 R 牪燉牎 R, 犆 S= 牥牪 - S( 牪 )- 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 (3) 牞牎牪燉爯 R, 牞 R 牪燉爯 R; 爯 R 燉,, 牎 R 爯 R 燉, 86

4 3 VMI 3,, 牥 (3) () 牥 R 牪牥牥 = S( 牪 )+ 牜牜 ( 牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) ; (3) 牪牥 R= 牥 = S( 牪 )+ 牜牜 S( 牪 ) 牪 + S( 牪 )+ ( 牪 )+ 牎牞牞 S 牜 + 牜 () 牜牜牪牞牎 ( 牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) + ( 牞 R+ 牞 )( 牎 R+ 牎 ) 牪牪 () () (5) 牥 R 犆 R= 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 ) 牪 - 牥 R= S( 牪 ) 牪 + S( 牪 )+ ( 牪 )+ 牜牜 ( 牜牜牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 - 牎牞牞 S 牜 + 牜 + 8牪牞牎 ( 牞 R+ 牞 )( 牎 R+ 牎 ) 牪 ; (5) 牎 R 牞 R 牞牎 + + 牪牜牜牎牞犆 = S( 牪 ) 牪 + ( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 )- (5) 牪 ( 牜牜牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 -,, ( 牞 R+ 牞 )( 牎 R+ 牎 ) 牪 ; (6) VMI 犆 S= S( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 )- ( 牜牜牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 ; (7) 犆 = 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 )- S( 牪 )- ( 牞 R+ 牞 )( 牎 R+ 牎 ) 牪 - 犆 R= 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 ) 牪 - 牎 R 牞 R牪 - 牜牜 ( 牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 (8) 牜牜牎牞牪 - 8 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 -. VMI 牞牎 (9) (8), VMI 牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + ; (6) 犆 = S( 牪 ) 牪 + ( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 )- 牜牜牎牞牪 - 牱犆 = 犆 - 犆 = [ 牜牜牎 R 牞 R牪 + 牎牞牪 + 8 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 - 牞牎牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + ; (7) 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 + 牞牎牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + - 犆 S= S( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 )- 牜牜牞 S 牜牊牎牞牪牜 + 牜 ; (8) ( 牞牞牎 R+ 牞 )( 牎 R+ 牎 ) 牪 + ( 牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 = [ 牜牜犆 = 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 )- S( 牪 )- 牎 R 牞 R牪 - 牎牞牪 - 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 - 牞牎牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + (9) 牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪槏牞 R 牎 R. VMI 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪 + 牜 - + 牜 0 槏牞牎 VMI, VMI, (6) (5), VMI S R 3, Δ 犆 R= 犆 R- 犆 R = [ 牎 R 牞 R牪 + 牜牜牎牞牪 + 牜 + 牎牜牞 S+ 牞, 8 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 + 牞牎牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + - 牊牎 R+ 牎牊牞 R+ 牞 [ ( 牜牜牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 + ( 牞 R+ 牞 )( 牎 R+ 牎 ) 牪 =, VMI 牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪牞 R 牎 R 犆 R= 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - 牥 R 牪 ; (0) = 牥 R 牪 - 牥牪 - ( 牪 )- ( 牞 + 牞 R)( 牎 + 牎 R) 牪 ;() 犆牜牜 S= 牥牪 - S( 牪 )- ( 牞 S+ 牞 )( + ) 牪 () 犆 8 牜牜牎牞牪牞 S 牜 + - 牞 + 牜 + >0 牎 VMI 87

5 007 3, VMI, (7) (6), VMI, VMI, Δ 犆 = 犆 - 犆 = 牜牜牎牞牪 + 8 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 + 牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪槏牊牞牞 R 牊牎 + 牎 R - ( 牜牜牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 - ( 牞 R+ 牞 )( 牎 R+ 牎 ) 牪 = 8 牜牜牎牞牪 + 牜牎 + + 牎 R 牞 R牪牊牞 R + - 牞牊牎 + - 牎 R VMI 牞 S 牜 + - 牞,, 爞 ( 犵 ) 熿烄烌牜燉牜燉 - 牞牎燄牎牞烆牞 R 牎 R 烎 > 牎 R R 槏牞烄烌 + 牞 S 牷爫 + 牜 - + ; 牨牏 = 犵 ( 爫 ). 牏爫牜燀烆牞牎烎燅 } (9) S R3 VMI (9),VMI 爫, 犵, 牪,, 犵牷 = 0, 犵 {R}= 犆 R, 犵 {}= 犆, S R 3犵 {S}= 犆 S, 犵 {S,,R}= 犆, VMI, VMI (9) ()S R,S R 5 (8) (7), VMI VMI, {S,R} 牱犆 S= 犆 S- 犆 S= 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 - 牞牎牜牜牎牞牪 ( 牜牜牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 = 牞 S + 牜 - 牞 + 牜 - 牎, VMI 犆 R= 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - 牥 R 牪 - 牎 R 牞 R牪 ; 犆 = 牥 R 牪 - 牥牪 - ( 牪 )- 牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + ; 牞 S + 牜 - + 牜 > (0) 牜牜牞槏牎犆 S= 牥牪 - S( 牪 )- ( 牎 + )( 牞 + 牞 S) 牪 (0) (9), 3. 3.,, (0), {S,} 犵 {S,}= 犆 {S,}= S( 牪 ) 牪 (9), + S( 牪 ) 牪 + ( 牪 ) 牪 - (9), ( 牪 )- 爳 ( 牪 )- 3,VMI ; 牎 R 牞 R牪,VMI, 88, VMI,, 爫, 犵爞 ( 犵 )= ( 牨,, 牨燏爫燏 ) 燏犵 ( 牷 ), 牏牷牨牏 { 犵 {S,R}= 犆 S+ 犆 R= 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 )- 牎 R 牞 R牪 - 牜牜牎牞牪牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 - 牞牎牞牎牎 R 牞 R牪 + () ()S, ( 牜牜牞 S+ 牞 )( + 牎 ) 牪 - 牞牎 + () (3) R,

6 3 VMI 犆 R= 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - 牥 R 牪 ; ()VMI 犆 = 牥 R 牪 - 牥牪 - ( 牪 )- ( 牎 + 牎 R)( 牞 + 牞 R) 牪 - 牜牜 ()VMI, 牎牞牪 ; 犆 S= 牥牪 - S( 牪 )- 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜牞牎,, ; {,R}, 牜牜犵 {,R}= 犆 { 爡, 爲 }= 牘 ( 牪 ) 牪 - S( 牪 ) 牪 - ( 牪 )- 牎牞牪 -, ( 牞 + 牞 R)( 牎 + 牎 R) 牪 - 牜牜牞 S 牎牞牪牜 + 牜 (3) VMI 牞牎 S R3 VMI 牨 = ( 牨 S, 牨, 牨 R), 烄牨 S 犵 {S}, 牨犵 {}, 牨 R 犵 {R} ; 烅牨 S+ 牨犵 {S,}, 牨 + 牨 R 犵 {,R}, 牨 S+ 牨 R 犵 {S,R} ; 烆牨 S+ 牨 + 牨 R= 犵 {S,,R} 烄犵 {S} 牨 S 犵 {S,,R}- 犵 {,R} ; 犵 {} 牨犵 {S,,R}- 犵 {S,R} ; 烅犵 {R} 牨 R 犵 {S,,R}- 犵 {S,} ; 烆牨 S+ 牨 + 牨 R= 犵 {S,,R} 牪 S= 牨 S- 犵 {S}, 牪 = 牨 - 犵 {}, 牪 R= 牨 R- 犵 {R}, S R 牪 =( 牪 S, 牪, 牪 R), 3 VMI 烄 0 牪 S 犵 {S,,R}-( 犵 {,R}+ 犵 {S}) ; 牘 ( 牪 )= 牪, 牪 = 牪犵 {S,,R}-( 犵 {S,R}+ 犵 {}) ; 烅 () 000 牘 ; ( 牪 )=0 牪牪 ; S( 牪 )=5 牪 + 0 牪 R 犵 {S,,R}-( 犵 {S,}+ 犵 {R}) ; 牊牜牪 ; 牞 R= 300; 牞 = 500; 牞 = 00; 牞 S= 烆牪 S+ 牪 + 牪 R= 犵 {S,,R}-( 犵 {S}+ 犵 {}+ 犵 {R} ) 牊牜 00; 牎 R= 牎 =9; = 牎 =0, (6) 爛 = 牜牜牞 S 牎 S, 牎牞牪 + 牜 - + 牜 ; 牞牎牪 = 908 槏槏爜 = 牎 R 牞 R牪牊牞 + - 牞 R 犪 = 牜牜牎牞牪牊牎 + 牎 R () 牪 =( 牪 S, 牪, 牪 R) 燏 0 牪 S 爛 ;0 牪爛 + 爜 ; 0 牪 R 爛 + 爜 + 犪, 牪 S+ 牪 + 牪 R= 爛 + 爜 ; VMI 5 牘 =70.9 VMI, 牘牪,VMI VMI.33 ; VMI,.86 ;3, 3 VMI,, 0 牪 S 爛 0 牪爛 + 爜 0 牪 R VMI, 爛 + 爜 + 犪, 牪 S+ 牪 + 牪 R= 爛 + 爜,, 3 VMI,, () 牪, () 牨 3 MTO VMI VMI 89

7 Shapley VMI ( 牪 =908, 牘 =70.9) VMI VMI S 燉燉 R 燉燉燉 % 烄牨 S 3 7.8; 牨 ; 爞 ( 犵 )= 烅牨 =( 牨 S, 牨, 牨 R) 牨 ; 烆牨 S+ 牨 + 牨 R= (5) 6 [6STERMAN J.ModelingManagerialBehaviorMis S R 3 VMI perceptionsofeedbackinadynamicdecisionmak, DONG [ VMI ingexperiment[j.managementscience,989,35, S R 3 (3) ( VMI) S R [7VALENTINIG,ZAVANELLA L.TheConsign 3 VMI mentstockofinventoriesindustrialcaseandper,s R 3 VMI formanceanalysis[j.internationaljournalofpro ; ductioneconomics, 003(8 燉 8)5., VMI [8HUNG J,U Y,LIC.InventoryManagementin ; VMI theconsignmentsystem[j.productionandinven torymanagementjournal,995,36() 5. VMI [9AGELA J.SelingonConsignmentAnotherTool, inthecreditarsenal[j.businesscredit,996,98 VMI S (9)6 8. [0WOO Y Y,HSU SL,WU S.AnIntegratedInven R 3 VMI, torymodelforasinglevendorandmultiplebuyers with Ordering CostReduction[J. International VMI JournalofProduction Economics, 00, 73(3) DONG [ [JARUPHONGSA W,CETINKAYA S,LEECY., VMI A Two echeloninventoryoptimizationmodelwith, DemandTimeWindow Considerations[J.Journal, 3 ofglobaloptimization, 00,30() [DONGY,XU K.A SupplyChainModelofVendor VMI Managed Inventory[J. Transportation Research [BEAMON BM.SupplyChainDesignandAnalysis Modelsand Methods[J. InternationalJournalof ProductionEconomics,998,55(3)8 9. [NOHRIA N,SUMANTRA G.TheDiferentiated Network[M.SanranciscoJosseyBass,997. [3DRUCKER P.Management'sNew Paradigms[J. orbes, 998(0) [HARRISW.OperationsandCost(actoryManage mentseries)[m.chicagoa W Shaw,95. [5KIMBROUGH SO,WU DJ,ZHONG.Computers PlaytheBeerGameCanArtificialAgentsManage SupplyChains[J.DecisionSupportSystems,00, 33(3) Part E Logistics and Transportation Review, 00,38() ( ) (953~ ), ( 3006)

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炉香在客家寺庙中也是极普遍的故客家妇女一个人可以信仰一位神明, 也可以同时信仰若干位神明, 她们的信仰活动是自由和放任的她们的信仰是宗教发展融汇到人们的生活第八章信仰禁忌信仰是人对某种理论学说主义或人等的信服和崇拜, 是带有个性倾向特征的心理状态人类的宗教信仰与人类的历史几乎一样久远早在氏族制度时代, 由于科学和生产力水平低下, 人们对自然界的认识受到极大的限制, 在

3 VMI (vendormanagedinven tory,vmi) [7,8 VMI (consignmentinventory),, ( ) ( ),, ; S R 3 [9 VMI 牜爤 S 爤牊 爤 [0~, 爤 R, ( VMI) DONG [ EOQ 爤 牜 S 爤 牊, 爤 爤 牜

3 VMI (vendormanagedinven tory,vmi) [7,8 VMI (consignmentinventory),, ( ) ( ),, ; S R 3 [9 VMI 牜爤 S 爤牊爤 [0~, 爤 R, ( VMI) DONG [ EOQ 爤牜 S 爤牊, 爤爤牜