Presentation - Design Applications of Defected Ground Structures

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1 Design Applications of Defected Ground Structures Authored by: Jason Yun Peter Shin Ansoft Corporation Ansoft 2003 / Global Seminars: Delivering Performance Presentation #9

2 Outline Introduction Definition Characteristics Design Challenge Ansoft Design Solution Bpass Filter Design Design Procedure Unit Modeling Analysis Bpass Filter Design using Ansoft Designer HFSS Bpass Filter Design with an Additional Design applications using Lowpass Filter Design Branch Line Coupler Design Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider Design Conclusion References

3 What is a? A Defected Ground Structure () is an etched lattice shape, which locates on ground plane Evolution from Photonic B Gap (PBG) Structure Periodic or non-periodic Easy to represent as an equivalent circuit (LC resonator) Applications Planar resonators High characteristic impedance transmission line Filter, Coupler, divider/combiner, Oscillator, Antenna. Power Amp.

4 Characteristics Disturbs shielding fields on ground plane Increases effective permittivity Increases effective capacitance inductance of transmission line One-pole LPF characteristics (3dB cutoff resonance Frequency) Four design parameters (a, b, g, w) under given substrate b w a g S11 S21

5 Design Challenges has an arbitrary shape which locates on backside metallic ground plane Accurate EM simulator is necessary Equivalent circuit modeling Equivalent circuit modeling is important for rapid design Co-simulation or dynamic link is needed between EM circuit simulators to extract an equivalent circuit Many design parameters Automated parameter sweep Powerful optimization

6 Ansoft Design Solution Design Spec. equivalent circuit, cutoff, resonance freq. Ansoft Designer v1.1 Planar EM 2.5D pattern analysis System/Circuit Mixed Circuit design (lumped,distributed) Ansoft Dynamic Link HFSS v9.0 Full 3D analysis Physical dimension (3-dimensional configuration : lattice dimension, gap distance transmission line width, layer stackup) Ansoft provides best solution for integration between physical design circuit modeling.

7 Ansoft HFSS v9.0 - Full 3D FEM Solver - Built-in Parameterization - Implicit to entire system - Complete Integration of Optimetrics - Parameter sweeps optimizations are an integral part of entire design environment - Easy-to-set-up sweeps, optimizations, sensitivities, statistical analyses - Wideb Fast Frequency Sweep - fast frequency sweep technology - Adaptive Lanczos Pade Sweep - Circuit Co-simulation with Ansoft Designer v Powerful Field Post-Processor Simul Simul ation ation measu measu remen remen t t

8 - Include Circuit/System Planar EM Solver - Dynamic Link with HFSS v9.0 - Full model parameterization - Automated parameter sweeps - Mixed-meshing capabilities - Automated transmission reflection calculation - Circuit EM Integration - Dynamic postprocessor Ansoft Designer v1.1

9 Ansoft Scalable 3D Dynamic Link Design parameters were passed from HFSS v9.0 into Ansoft Designer v1.1

10 Bpass Filter Design

11 Design Procedure Propose structure Propose Equivalent circuit of Filter Design using Ansoft Designer Extracting Physical dimensions using HFSS Fabrication for Verification

12 Proposed Unit b a w g

13 c LC L X X ω ω ω = = = 1 ' (4) (1) (2) (3) (5) c o o c g Z C ω ω ω = C f L o = π Equivalent Circuit for 1 0 ) ( = o o X LC C ω ω ω ω ω 1 ' g Z L X o L = = ω ω

14 Unit Modeling with HFSS v9.0 Define project variables Create 3D model Ground planes Traces Dielectrics Draw unit section Slots Traces Define material properties Define boundary conditions Define excitations Setup solution information Analysis

15 Parameterized Unit Unit library can be build using fully parameterized Ansoft Designer Planar EM HFSS Modeling parameter Etched lattice dimension Gap distance Substrate thickness Design validation can be done by measurement at end The lattice, gap distance can all be varied with a few The lattice, gap distance can all be varied with a few central Project Variables to permit analysis of any similar central Project Variables to permit analysis of any similar. Or, a parametric sweep can generate maintain. Or, a parametric sweep can generate maintain results for many variations at once. results for many variations at once.

16 Parameter Sweeps

17 Effect of Lattice Dimension, a db(s11) w a b g 7mm 6mm 5mm 4mm Freq 3mm 2mm a

18 Effect of Gap Dimension, g w a b g 300um 700um 400um 600um 500um

19 Electric Field on

20 Magnetic Field on

21 Filter Design Using Ansoft Designer Schematic Schematic of of coupled-line coupled-line bpass bpass filter filter with with two two sections. sections. Substrate : ROGERS RT/Duroid 6010, Er=10.2, h=50mil, Substrate : ROGERS RT/Duroid 6010, Er=10.2, h=50mil, Center Frequency : 3 GHz, Bwidth : 10% Center Frequency : 3 GHz, Bwidth : 10%

22 Physical Dimension of L Circuit Simulation Planar EM Simulation C L L = = 2.573nH 2.573nH C C = 0.64pF 0.64pF fc fc = = GHz GHz f0 f0 = = GHz GHz b Measured w a g Simulated Simulated Measured Measured Results Results for for unit unit Final Final dimension dimension : : a=4.15mm, a=4.15mm, b=6.2mm, b=6.2mm, g=0.5mm, g=0.5mm, W=1.2mm W=1.2mm (50W) (50W) ROGERS RT/Duroid 6010, Er=10.2, h=50mil ROGERS RT/Duroid 6010, Er=10.2, h=50mil

23 EM Simulation of filter Ansoft Designer Circuit Ansoft Desigenr Planar EM Results Results comparison comparison between between Circuit Circuit EM EM Simulation Simulation

24 Fabrication for Verification Ansoft Designer PlanarEM (a) Top view Measured (b) Bottom view Photograph Photograph of of fabricated fabricated coupled-line coupled-line bpass bpass filter filter with with.. Results Results comparison comparison between between EM EM simulation simulation measurement measurement on on fabricated fabricated coupled-line coupled-line BPF BPF

25 Bpass Filter with An Additional Schematic Schematic of of coupled-line coupled-line filter filter with with an an additional additional section section in in coupled-resonator. coupled-resonator.

26 Physical Dimension Extraction of Additional L C Circuit Simulation L = 1.11nH L = 1.11nH C = 0.66pF C = 0.66pF fc = 4.8 GHz fc = 4.8 GHz f0 = 5.9 GHz f0 = 5.9 GHz Planar EM Simulation w a b g Simulated Simulated Result Result for for additional additional unit unit Dimension : a=1.55mm, b=6mm, Dimension : a=1.55mm, b=6mm, g=0.2mm g=0.2mm Conductor Line : w=1.2mm (50Ω) Conductor Line : w=1.2mm (50Ω) Substrate : ROGERS RT/Duroid 6010, Substrate Er=10.2, : h=50mil ROGERS RT/Duroid 6010, Er=10.2, h=50mil

27 EM Simulation Using HFSS Ansoft Designer Ansoft HFSS Circuit Circuit EM EM simulated simulated results results comparison comparison

28 Fabrication for Verification Ansoft HFSS (a) Top view Measured (b) Bottom view Photograph Photograph of of fabricated fabricated coupledline coupledline bpass bpass filter filter with with an an additional additional.. Comparison Comparison results results between between EM EM simulation simulation measurement measurement on on fabricated fabricated coupled-line coupled-line BPF BPF

29 Lowpass Filter Application

length length are are 5mm 5mm 10mm, 10mm, respectively respectively (b) (b) crossjunction crossjunction opened opened stub stub for for

30 Proposed LPF (a) (b) Designed Designed lowpass lowpass filters filters with with proposed proposed unit unit sections sections with with (a) (a) T-junction T-junction opened opened stub stub for for parallel parallel capacitance capacitance where where stub stub width width length length are are 5mm 5mm 10mm, 10mm, respectively respectively (b) (b) crossjunction crossjunction opened opened stub stub for for parallel parallel capacitance capacitance where where stub stub width width length length are are 5mm 5mm 6mm, 6mm, respectively. respectively.

Fabrication Measurement (a) Top view (b) Bottom view Photographs of

with crossjunction type open stub (a) Top view Comparison Comparison

lowpass lowpass filters filters with with T-junction, T-junction,

31 Fabrication Measurement (a) Top view (b) Bottom view Photographs of fabricated Lowpass filter with T- junction type open stub (a) Top view (b) bottom view. (a) Top view (b) Bottom view Photographs of fabricated lowpass filter with crossjunction type open stub (a) Top view (b) bottom view. Comparison Comparison of of measured measured results results for for fabricated fabricated lowpass lowpass filters filters with with T-junction, T-junction, crossjunction crossjunction type type open open stub, stub, conventional conventional lowpass lowpass filter. filter.

32 Branch Line Coupler Application

The physical length width of conductor The physical length width of conductor corresponding to quarter wave 150ohms corresponding to quarter wave 150ohms line with 1-D periodic are 26mm line with 1-D

33 Fabrication for Verification (a) Top view c a d s b g w Substrate : RT/Duroid 5880, Er=2.2, Substrate : RT/Duroid 5880, Er=2.2, thickness=31mils. thickness=31mils. The physical length width of conductor The physical length width of conductor corresponding to quarter wave 150ohms corresponding to quarter wave 150ohms line with 1-D periodic are 26mm line with 1-D periodic are 26mm 1mm at 1.84GHz, respectively. The quarter 1mm at 1.84GHz, respectively. The quarter wave length width of 150ohms line on wave length width of 150ohms line on conventional microstrip are 31mm conventional microstrip are 31mm 0.2mm. In left Fig., period S = 8mm, a 0.2mm. In left Fig., period S = 8mm, a = b = 6mm, c = 12mm, d = 1mm g = = b = 6mm, c = 12mm, d = 1mm g = 1mm. 1mm. (b) Bottom view Photograph Photograph of of (a) (a) top top (b) (b) bottom bottom sides sides of of fabricated fabricated branch-line branch-line coupler coupler with with cells. cells. The The simulation simulation measurement measurement results results of of branch branch line line coupler coupler with with section section

34 4:1 Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider Application P 2 Z P 2 1 R int N R 2 N 2 Z 2 [W] 51.5 Z 3 [W] R int [W] R 2 [W] 35.4 R 3 [W] 70.7 Z o Z 3 P 3 Conventional N:1 unequal Wilkinson power divider 1 R Table 1. Characteristic impedance resistor values of N:1 unequal Wilkinson power divider Reference Reference [4] [4] : Due to increased effective inductance of, aspect ratio of 158 W microstrip line has : Due to increased effective inductance of, aspect ratio of 158 microstrip line has been increased to 235% length of l/4 has been reduced to 83%. The fabricated conductor width of 158 W been increased to 235% length of l/4 has been reduced to 83%. The fabricated conductor width of 158 microstrip line were 0.4mm, while 0.17mm for conventional one. The enlarged conductor width reduced length has microstrip line were 0.4mm, while 0.17mm for conventional one. The enlarged conductor width reduced length has a great advantage in design realization such a high impedance line smaller circuit. The fabricated 4:1 divider a great advantage in design realization such a high impedance line smaller circuit. The fabricated 4:1 divider showed excellent matching isolation, exact dividing ratios of -1dB -7dB at port 2 port 3 without additional showed excellent matching isolation, exact dividing ratios of -1dB -7dB at port 2 port 3 without additional losses induced by over 1.2 ~ 1.8GHz. losses induced by over 1.2 ~ 1.8GHz.

35 Proposed Divider structure c l/4 Z2 w 2 ZL2 w L2 Port 2 c b b c c Port 1 c Z3 Rs a c b a c l/4 Etched Defect in Ground plane w 3 ZL3 w L3 Transmission line Port 3 Dielectric Substrate Grounded plane Unequal Unequal Wilkinson Wilkinson power power divider divider with with h Simulated Simulated result result of of unit unit Dimension Dimension : : a=6mm, a=6mm, b=6mm, b=6mm, c=0.4m, c=0.4m, d=0.4mm d=0.4mm Transmission Transmission line line imp.=158 imp.=158 Ohm Ohm substrate substrate : : RT/Duroid RT/Duroid 5880, 5880, Er= Er= h=31 h=31 mils mils

branch-line coupler coupler with with cells.

36 Fabrication for Verification (a) (b) Photograph Photograph of of (a) (a) top top (b) (b) bottom bottom sides sides of of fabricated fabricated branch-line branch-line coupler coupler with with cells. cells. HFSS Measurement The The simulated simulated measured measured results results of of Power Power Divider Divider with with section

37 Conclusion Technical Summary Unit its equivalent circuit were derived explained Field effects of unit were shown by HFSS A coupled line 3-pole bpass filter with was designed measured Various design applications using were shown Defected Ground Structure Design solution : Ansoft Designer HFSS Fully parameterizable geometries, materials, analyses Automated analyses, sweeps, optimization, post-processing Integrated design environment with EM, circuit system analyses Flexible geometry types/shapes configuration Efficient design flow Ansoft Products applied in this presentation Ansoft Designer Ansoft HFSS

38 References [1] J. S. Yun, J. S. Park, D. Ahn, A design of novel coupled-line bpass filter using defected ground structure with wide stopb performance, IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory Techniques, Vol. 50, No.9, pp.2037~2043, Sept [2] D. Ahn, J. S. Park, C. S. Kim, Y. Qian, T. Itoh "A Design of Lowpass Filter Using Novel Microstrip Defected Ground Structure," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory Techniques, Vol.49 No.1, pp.86-93, Jan [3],, [4] "," IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Letters [5] T. J. Ellis G. M. Rebeiz, MM-wave tapered slot antennas on micromashined photonic bgap dielectrics, IEEE MTT-s Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., June 1996, pp [6] V. Radisic, Y. Qian, T. Itoh, Broadb power amplifier using dielectric photonic bgap structure, IEEE Microwave Guide Wave Lett. Vol.8, pp.13-14, Jan [7] M. P. Kesler, J. G. Maloney, B. L. Shirley, Antenna design with use of photonic bgap material as all dielectric planar reflectors, Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett, Vol.11, No.4, pp , Mar [8] V. Radisic, Y. Qian, R. Coccioli, T. Itoh, Novel 2-D photonic bgap structure for microstrip lines, IEEE Microwave Guide Wave Lett. Vol.8, No.2, pp.69-71, Feb [9] C. S. Kim, J. S. Park, D. Ahn, J. B. Lim, "A Novel 1-Dimensional periodic Defected Ground Structrure for Planar circuits," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., Vol.10, No.04, pp , April, 2000.

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