1
2.1 ΔP r n n r ΔV ΔS ΔF r V s r f lim ΔV 0 r ΔF ρδv m/s 2 2
2 ΔP r n n r ΔV ΔS ΔF r V s r n lim Δ S 0 r ΔP ΔS n Pa 3
lim ΔS 0 r ΔP ΔS B ΔS ΔP r s 4
2 r f 1 ρ δ δδ 6 δ n δ O δ B 1 δδ 2 1 δδ 2 A 5
3 1 δδ 2 n ΔA n δ δ O δ B ( ) f,, A ( ) f,, 6
2009 15 7 δ δ δ O( O() δ 2 1 δ 2 1 + δ 2 1 δ 2 1 + δ 2 1 + δ 2 1 2.2 2.2 f δ δ ρδ r
2 r r r i δ δ δ j δδ δ k δδ δ r r r i + j + k δ δ δ δ δ δ 8
3 r f ρδδδ δδδ 0 r f 1 ρ 0 9
4 r f 1 ρ 0 10
2009 15 11 11 0 1 0 1 0 1 f f f ρ ρ ρ f f f f f f ρ W (,, ) W (,, ) W f W f W f,,
W W W 1 ρ 1 ρ 1 ρ 0 0 0 d d d dw + ρ d 0 ρ ( W ) 0 W 0 12
f r dw f r f d + f d + f r d ds 0 ρ d O ds r W 13
A B 14
2.3 1 0 0 ρ 1 0 0 ρ 1 g 0 ρ d d ρg 15
1 ρ d d ρg 1 2 + ρgh 2 a + ρgh 1 16
2 1 2 + ρgh 1 2 + 1 2 ρgh h ρg ρ h 2 0 0 2 a 17
2 + ρgh δ δ 1 1 2 s 1 F 1 s 1 F 2 s 2 F 2 F 1 s s 2 1 s 2 18
15000 2006. 12 19
1 d d ρg ρg + + ρ g + /ρg 20
2 ρg 21
3 + ρg + ρg 22
4 a 23
5 + ρg ρg + ρg 24
2.4 m v 25
m a v a 26
v a H 1 1.013 10 5 Pa H 760mmHg 27
1 1 Pa 1 N/m 2 (at (at atm), (bar), 1 atm 1.013 10 10 5 Pa 760 mm (Hg) 10.33 m (H 2 O) 1 at 1 kgf/cm 2 0.981 10 10 5 Pa 10 m(h 2 O) 28
Am ρgh 1 29
U 1 Am ρ 2gh2 ρ1gh1 30
U 2 U Am ρ 2gh2 ρ1gh1 ρ 2 gh 2 31
A B ρ 3gh3 + ρ2gh2 ρ1gh1 32
ρ gl sinθ ρ gh Am 2 1 1 l h sin 1 θ 33
U B Bm 2.74 10 4 Pa h 500mm h 1 200mm h 2 250mm h 3 150mm A m m A h B h 1 h 3 h 2 34
2.5 1 A 1 A A A da da A I A 2 da I I + A 2 c da ( c, c ) X Y I c A 35
2009 15 36 36 o a/2 a/2 b/2 b/2 0 12 1 12 1 3 3 I ab I ba I ba A R 0 4 4 2 I R I I R A π π
O 0 W α h df A h F F ( + ρgh )A 0 h F sinα ρgh A 37
1 D D O 0 W α D h h h D F df A D df D F 38
2 D D I ρgsinα g A X D D + ( + ρ sinα ) 0 D D + I X A h D D > > h 39
3 D D D df D F D + I c A O 0 W D h h df A h D D F D 40
9:1:10:2 A 9:1:10:2 B 41
1 1 4m 10m 1) 1) 2) ρ 1000kg / m 3 60 60º 42
1 2 1) F ρ gha 3 1 10 9.8 10 π 4 4 2 1.23 10 6 ( ) N OO OO D + I A F I 1 π R 4 4 43
1 3 h o sin60 D 10 sin60 o + 10 4 0.25π 2 o sin60 0.25π 2 2 11.6366( m) 2) M F ( ) D 1.07 10 5 ( ) N m 44
2 s 50kPa( ) (1) F ( + ρgh )A s (2) D + I ρgsinα ( + ρgsinα )A s 45
1 h F ( 0 + ρgh )A F ρgh A D + IX ρgsinα g A ( + ρ sinα ) 0 D I X + c D + A I A 46
2 h D > h D 0 47
P.103 110 110 2 2 2 4 2 18 (1) (3) 48
1 49
2 50
3 r f 1 ρ 0 f 0, f 0 f g 2 + ρgh 1 U 51
4 F ( + ρgh )A 0 h sinα D + IX ρgsinα g A ( + ρ sinα ) 0 D + I X A D 52