经济学 实 ICCT 20827-0404 34404 301-951-9006 mathpro@mathproinc.com URL: www.mathproinc.com
1.... 1 2.... 2 3.... 3 3.1... 3 3.2... 5 3.2.1 API... 5 3.2.2... 6 3.2.3 API... 6 3.3... 8 3.3.1... 8 3.3.2... 9 4.... 11 4.1... 12 4.2... 15 4.2.1... 15 4.2.2... 16 4.2.3... 19 4.2.4... 21 4.2.5... 22 4.2.6... 23 4.2.7... 23 5. ULSF... 25 5.1... 25 5.1.1... 25 5.1.2... 26 5.1.3... 27 5.2 ULSG ULSD... 27 5.3... 28 5.3.1 ULSG... 29 5.3.2 ULSD... 29 5.4 ULSF... 29 5.4.1... 29 5.4.2... 29 5.4.3 CO 2... 30 6.... 32 i
EXHIBIT EXHIBIT Exhibit 1... 4 Exhibit 2... 5 Exhibit 3... 7 Exhibit 4 API... 7 Exhibit 5 2008 2030... 8 Exhibit 62008 2030... 9 Exhibit 7... 11 Exhibit 8... 12 Exhibit 9... 13 Exhibit 10... 14 Exhibit 11... 15 Exhibit 12... 17 Exhibit 13... 19 Exhibit 14... 25 Exhibit 15... 26 Exhibit 16ULSF... 27 Exhibit 17 ULSF... 30 ii
1. ULSFULSG ULSD 1 HART MathPro ICCT ULSGULSD 12ULSGULSD 3 ULSGULSD ULSGULSD 1 ULSF30ppm 1
2. LPG 660 116 8500 / 2
3. 3.1 - CH 4 50 Exhibit 1 Exhibit 1 C/H C/H C/H C/H 3
Exhibit 1 烃 1- 环 环 4
3.2 API 3.2.1 API 1 2 API o API 35 o APIAPI API API 10 o Exhibit2 35 API25 API EXHIBIT Exhibit 2 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Hart 2010 5
1 2 3.2.2 1 23 wt%ppmw 0.5 wt%5,000 ppmw 1.0 2.0 wt%> 4 wt% 3.2.3 API Exhibit 3 API API Exhibit 4 API / 6
Exhibit 3 API wt.% 35-60 0-0.5 35-60 > 0.5 26-35 0-1.1 26-35 > 1.1 10-26 0-1.1 10-26 > 1.1 Exhibit 4API API wt.% 40.0 39.8 0.5 0.3 38.1 1.1 33.0 0.1 29.5 0.2 34.0 30.9 1.9 2.5 20.1 25.2 0.7 0.9 25.0 21.3 1.4 3.4 7
3.3 3.3.1 API API exhibit Exhibit 5 API 2008 2030 Exhibit 6 2008 2030 API Exhibit 5 20082030 2008 2030 API wt% API wt% 31.2 1.21 28.7 1.66 25.1 1.59 23.5 1.57 37.1 0.37 37.4 0.38 32.5 1.09 35.1 0.97 35.4 0.16 35.7 0.16 34.0 1.75 33.9 1.84 36.5 0.31 37.1 0.26 33.0 1.1 32.9 1.3 2010 8
Exhibit 620082030 API wt% 2010 API API 3.3.2 1 2 9
/ /12 15% 25% 10
4. LPG 12 Exhibit 7 Exhibit 7 Exhibit 7 LPG 11
Exhibit 8 exhibit 2 Exhibit 8 Crude Distillation Crude Oil Fractions Refinery Processing Refined Product Categories Common Name Carbon No. Temp. ( o F) Light gases C1 to C4 < 60 LPG SR naphthas C5 to C9 60 -- 175 Gasoline, petrochemicals SR naphthas C5 to C10 175 -- 350 Gasoline, jet fuel Crude oil SR kerosene C10 to C16 350 -- 500 Jet fuel, kerosene SR distillates C14 to C20 500 -- 625 Diesel fuel, heating oil SR gas oils C20 to C50 500 -- 850 Lubricating oil, waxes SR gas oils C20 to C70 625 -- 1050 Fuel oil Residual oil > C70 > 1050 Bunker fuel, asphalt 14.1 24.2 4.1 1.0 2 Exhibit7 SR straight run 12
1 2ULSF Exhibit 9 Exhibit 9 < 2 2 -- 6 6 -- 12 > 12 ULSF 12 / / / 13
Exhibit 10 3 95% 50 / 100% 5 Exhibit 10 vol% 31 30 28 30 / 44 32 1 / 47 42 3 14
4.2 Exhibit 11 Exhibit 11 FCC FCC 4.2.1 1 15
180 250250 3502 Exhibit 7 / 4.2.2 12 3 FCC 4 Exhibit 12 EXHIBIT 12 C/H C/H C/H C/H C/H C/H FCC FCC 5 FCC 4, 5 16
Exhibit 12 FCC SR SR SR FCC C/H FCC < 100 ppm FCC 1 FCC 60 75%2 3FCC 40%FCC G/D FCC G/D G/D FCC C1 C4 FCC FCC 17
FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC 100% 85% 90vol% FCC ULSF Exhibit 1 FCC / FCC 25 30% FCC FCC 18
4.2.3 Exhibit 13 6 50 25% Exhibit 13 SR SR C3 C4 / MTBE 6 SR 60 400 19
Exhibit 1 100 RON 7 85 100 RON C/H. 45% C4 C3 Exhibit 1 90 94 RON FCC 8 FCC FCC 7 RONMON RON MON (R+M)/2 8 20
HFH 2 SO 4 HF HF H 2 SO 4 SR C5 C6 Exhibit 1 C5 C6 C3 C4 FCC C4 / C5 C4 MTBE ETBE C5 TAME MTBE 2006 MTBE MTBE 2010 4.3 MTBE 4.9 MTBE 4.2.4 / 1 21
2 9 10 1 ppm FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC 4.2.5 4.1.1 9 1 ppm 10 22
4.1.3 EXHIBIT 1 4.2.6 45% / / // 4.2.7 1 2 3 6 10 4 6 23
24
5. ULSF ULSG ULSD 1. 2. ULSG ULSD 3. ULSG ULSD 4. ULSF 5.1 5.1.1 Exhibit 14 Exhibit 14 Vol% RON MON ppm RVP psi vol% vol% 5-10 71 70 120 12 - - - 0-10 82 80 1 13 - - - 5-10 94 92 < 10 3 - - - 20-30 97 88 < 4 5 60 5 - vol% FCC 30-35 92 80 500-1500 5 25 1 30 0-5 88 80 500 19 0.5 0.5 50 5-15 78 76 < 4 11 2 2-0 - 5 73 71 150 13 3 1 1 MTBE 0-15 118 102 < 5 8 - - - 25
0-10 123 103 < 5 18 - - - Exhibit 14 FCC FCC FCC 1/10 2%20,000 ppm 0.2%2000 ppm FCC FCC 90% ULSG FCC ULSG ULSG 5.1.2 Exhibit 15 Exhibit 15 Vol% ppm vol% 25-33 3000 45 19 0.82 31-35 7000 53 21 0.85 FCC 15-21 12500 22 80 0.93 8-10 32000 33 40 0.89 7-15 100 45 20 0.86 exhibit FCC 26
ULSD 5.1.3 Exhibit14 15 ULSG FCC FCC FCC ULSG ULSD 5.2 ULSG ULSD 5 ppm ULSG ULSD 11 ULSG ULSD Exhibit 16 ULSF Exhibit 16ULSF ü ü FCC ü ü FCC ü ü ü Exhibit 16 11 10 ppm 27
ULSF ULSF FCC FCC 4.2 ULSF ULSF ULSF ULSF 1 2 5.3 ULSF ULSF ULSG FCC ULSD FCC 12 ULSF 13 12 1 23/ 4 13 ULSF 28
5.3.1 ULSG Exhibit 15 FCC FCC FCC 10 ppm FCC 97% 10 ppm FCC 10 ppm FCC 4.1.3 FCC FCC FCC FCC 5.3.2 ULSD Exhibit 16 // FCC FCC 5.4 ULSF 5.4.1 ULSF ULSF 5.4.2 29
EXHIBIT 17 Exhibit 17ULSF 14 H2 / 1200-2500 FCC 800-2000 FCC 50-200 25-100 250-1000 1% FCC Exhibit 1 FCC FCC FCC 1½ ULSG ULSD ULSG ULSF 10 ppm 500 ppm 50 ppm 5.4.3 CO 2 CO 2 12 14 BblScf 20,000 1 30
3 CO 2 CO 2 ULSF CO 2 10 ppm CO 2 500 ppm 50 ppm 2005 10% 2006 2010 2006 5% 2006 2 ULSD 31
6. 1. Berger, Bill D., Anderson, Kenneth E.; Modern Petroleum, A Basic Primer of the Industry; Oil & Gas Journal Books; 1978 2. Gary, James H., Handwerk, Glenn E., and Kaiser, Mark J.; Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics; Fifth Edition; CRC Press; 2007 3. Leffler, William L.; Petroleum Refining in Nontechnical Language; Third Edition; PennWell Corp.; 2000 4. Little, Donald M.; Catalytic Reforming; PennWell Publishing Company; 1985 5. Maples, Robert E.; Petroleum Refinery Process Economics; 2 nd Edition; PennWell Corp.; 2000 6. Meyers, Robert A., Editor-in-Chief; Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes; Second Edition; McGraw-Hill; 1997 7. Meyers, Robert A., Editor-in-Chief; Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes; Third Edition; McGraw-Hill; 2003 8. Oil Price Information Service (OPIS); OPIS Energy Glossary; http://www.opisnet.com/market/glossary.asp#s 9. Parkash, Surinder; Refining Processes Handbook; Gulf Professional Publishing; 2003 10. U.S. Energy Information Administration; Glossary; http://205.254.135.24/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=petroleum 11. U.S. Energy Information Administration; Crude Oil and Refined Products Glossary; www.icapenergy.com/us/docs/crudeglossary.pdf 12. U.S. Petroleum Refining: Assuring the Adequacy and Affordability of Cleaner Fuels; National Petroleum Council; June 2000 32