A B=AB( ) AB=AB( ) 4P 50 2 === 2P 2 O 5 2KClO 3 2KCl 3O 2 NH 3 H 2 O CO 2 =NH 4 HCO 3 2KMnO 4 K 2 MnO 4 MnO 2 O 2 CO CO 2 ( ) 1.250 / 1.977 / 1 1 1 0.02 2CO O2 2CO 2 CO CuO Cu CO 2 CO 2 C 2CO Ca(OH) 2 CO 2 =CaCO 3 H 2 O 2NaOH CO 2 =Na 2 CO 3 H 2 O NaOH CO CO 2 2CO O 2 2CO 2 ( ) CO 2 C 2CO ( )
1 H 2 He 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 19 K 20 Ca
MnO 2 Zn 2HCl=ZnCl2 H 2 2KClO 3 2KCl 3O 2 Zn H 2 SO 4 ()=ZnSO 4 2KMnO 4 K 2 MnO 4 H 2 MnO 2 O 2
= 100 100 +
ph H + OH ph
( ) ( )
(1) ( )
(2)
16 17 ( 8 O) 0.037 8 9 ( 8 O) 0.204 18 8 10 ( O) 8
1 J. W. Mellor: A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical chemistry Vol. 11. p. p. 674.
= 12 C 1 / 12 ( ) = = 27 1u 1.6610 ( )
4 ( 2He) 238 235 2 2 238( U) 235( U) 92 92 92
14 4 18 17 NHeF O H 7 2 9 8
2H2 O 2 == 2H 2O 2Mg O 2===2MgO
1 + + + 2 + 4 + 6 + 2 +3 N acl H Cl O KCl O H Cl O H S SO H SO FeCl FeCl 3 4 2 2 2 4 2 3
2Fe3Cl === 2FeCl 2 3 2 3 (B B ) 2n A = = A m ( = 2) 5 = + 5 2 ( ) = ( + 3) 2 + ( 2) 12 = = +6 3 (1) (A B ) = A (B A ) B 14 2 7 = 16 N 2 16 N = 14 = 4 167 (2) A ( ) A A = B ( ) B B 7 N 16 2 = 14 16 16 N 2 14 = = 4 167
mn mn = n B = = m m n = 100% 27x 100% = 53% x = 2 y = 3 102
xy = 3 x = 2 7x8y = 22 y = 1
2a a( 2) = 0 x = 1 b 2a 2a 1 1 b 2a = b 1 b 2a 1 RO b 4 = 1 2a b Na RO4 2 a b
+ 2 H 1 2( ) 1 2 2H 3H 2H PO Cu OS 2 3 4 + 2 2 2H 2 2 2H 3 PO 4 2 2 3H 2 3 1 2 + 2 CuO 1 2 S 2 1 1 2 2SO 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
H + 1 +6 2 + 2 1 0 2 S O4 Zn Cl 2 H 2 1 2 3 NO 3 SO4 PO4
2 2 2 2 2 C H O CO H O
(1) O (2) 1 O 1 5 5O (3) O 16
(1) H 2 O (2) 1 H 2 O 1 5 5H 2 O (3) H 2 O (4) H 2 O 2 1 (5) H 2 O 18 (6) H 2 O 1 8 (7) H 2 O 2KClO 3 88.9%11.1% 2KCl 3O 2 4P 5O 2 2P 2 O 5 2KClO 3 2KCl 3O 2 2 2 3 KClO 3 KCl O 2 =2 2 3 4P 5O 2 2P 2 O 5 4 5 2 P O 2 P 2 O 5 =4 5 2 2KClO 3 2KCl 3O 2 245 149 96 KClO 3 KCl O 2 =245 149 96 4P 5O 2 2P 2 O 5 124 160 284 P O 2 P 2 O 5 =31 40 71
78% 75.5% 21% 23.2% 0.94% 1.3%( ) 0.03% 0.05% 0.03% 0.018%( )
N 2 28.014 78.095 75.527 O 2 31.998 20.939 23.140 Ar 39.948 0.933 1.284 CO 2 44.009 0.031 0.047 N 2 28.014 0.75527=21.15813 31.998 0.23140=7.40434 O 2 Ar 39.948 0.01284=0.51293 CO 2 44.009 0.00047=0.02068 =29.09608
2Na Cl 2 === 2NaCl
(CO) (H 2 ) 2CO 2H 2 O 2 2CO 2 Fe 2 O 3 CuO 3CO 2Fe 3CO 2 O 2 H 2 2H 2 O Cu H 2 O 1.250 0.0899 ( ( ) )
(5635. 5x) (10835. 5)x = 8 18 1435. 35. 5 = x 4. 45( ) 18 x 355. 4. 45 Fe Cl 1 2 56 35. 5
2Fe3Cl 2 2FeCl 3 3Fe2O 2 Fe3O 4
+ 2 SO H OH SO H SO 2H SO 3 2 2 4 2 4 4
2MgO 2 2MgO 3Fe4H2O( ) Fe3O44H2
+2 FeCl FeS 2 +2
+ 2 H SO 2H SO 2 4 4 + 3 H3PO4 3H PO4
(HCl HNO 3) (H2SO3 H2CO 3) ( ) (H2SO4 H3PO 4) (H2SiO 3)
( ) 400 425 450 490 510 530 550 590 640
2+ 2 (1) Ba SO 2 CO 3 + (6) NH 4 4
H 2 = (1) x = 18 3 2 = 2 227 H = 18 2 3 = 2( ) 27 H 2 = (2) H = 9. 2 820% 2 0. 04( ) ( ) 98
C 2 1 2 2 3 4 (1) b = a 2 x = 2a x b 2a M b
C 12 m C = m CO 2 = 4. 4 = 1. 2 CO 2 44 2H 2 m H = m H 2 O = 3. 6 = 0. 4 H O 18 2 mc m m 100% 12. = 120 4 100% = 75% C H.. 12 12 106 84 19 8 8 12 x ( x ) =. 44
3160. 96 x = = 9. 48 32 9. 48 100% = 94. 8% 10 ( ) 11110. 6 20% x = = 2. 22 106 10010. 6 20% y = = 2 106 CaCl % = 2. 22 2 100% = 20% ( ) 11. 1 112 400 (1 4%) = x 85% 160
20 94. 29 x = 132 = 94. 29 100% = 94. 29% 28 100 132 x% = 28 ( ) 20% 13220% x% = = 94. 29% ( ) 28
160 18 % = 300 x 27 ( ) 21 100% 17 10021. 4% ( )
72 9872 100% = 42. 35% ( )
2KClO ==== 2KCl3O 3 MnO2 x = 2 122. 6 4. 8 = 12. 26 332 2KClO ==== 2KCl3O 3 MnO2 2 2 y = 2 74. 6 4. 8 = 7. 46 332 2KClO ==== 2KCl3O 3 MnO2 2
44x x 100 9. 5 CaCO3 100% = 95% ( ) 10
x = 56 0. 2 = 5. 6 2 y = 73 0. 2 = 7. 3 2 z = 127 0. 2 = 12. 7 2
a = 80 6. 4 = 8 64 b = 73 6. 4 = 7. 3 64 c = 127 6. 4 = 12. 7 64 yb 100% = 7. 3 7. 3 100 100 100% = 14. 6% zc 100% 100 248. 12 0. 2 12. 7 12. 7 = 112 6 100%.
m m m m = 2 2 2 Fe Zn Mg Al 56 65 24 2 1 1 1 1 = (D) 27 28 32. 5 12 9 2 3 SO2 SO3 64 80 = 56 (C)
AAB BAB 3 3 2 CAB DAB 1 2 2 3 15P 15P A 1 B 44P 11W 11W 44W 44 C D W P P
a17x = m (1) a35.5x = n (2) (2) (1) 18.5x n m n m x = 185. n m 185. 2R m 100 n R2O3 2x m 100 = n 2x + 48 x = 24n m n 24n R x m n
S 100 + S 100 S S = 100A 100 A ( ) W A = 100 W + W A = 10 100 = 10 ( 90 + 10 ) 35 A = 100 25.9 ( ) 100 + 35
CuSO CuSO = 10 = 160 4 4 10 = 6.4 CuSO 4 5H 250 2 O 6.4 A = 100 = 10.67 ( ) 10 + 50 2Na 2H 2 O=2NaOH H 2 46 80 2 2.3 x y x=4 y=0.1 4 A = 100 4 2.3 97.7 0.1 ( ) A = 1.8 100 = 26.3 ( ) 6.84
20. 9 KNO 3 400 = 69 100+ 20. 9 x KNO 3 9 + (400 150 9 ) 100 + x x 9 250 = 69 x = 31.6 100 + x S 100 + S = 17.3 S = 20.9 100 25 500 15 = (500 37.5 x) 37.5 100 100+ 25 50 x = = (x 24 ) 24 100 50 30 100 30
CuSO4 50 10 x 100 CuSO 5 H O 4 2 = (50 x) 20 160 50 10 x 100 = (50 x) 20 250 3 3 V 1.41 / 70 1000 1.10 / 17.1 3 3 V 1.41 / 1000 1.10 / 100 = 25
x c b y = a c A B = c b a c A c b B = a c
A B = 40 48 = 5 6 A 10 = = B 88 50 B = 5 44 5 44 B = 440( ) 1 w A B 2 2 w w C D 10 8 A B = 20 10 = 2 1 w 2 w B = 1 2 B = w 2 ( ) 20
A B = 80 10 = 8 1 w 8 w B = 8 1 B = w 8 ( ) 20 B D ( ) = ( 1) 100 142 Na 2SO4 64.4 = 28.4 142 + 180 142 28.4 x 322 43 = 1000 40 x 10043
( ) = ( 2) 100 775 55 x = = 275( ) 155 160 275 y( ) 160 + 90 20 = y = 318. 7( ) 775 30 y 120 169200 x = = 125.65 269 125.65z 200 50 z = 31.6 z = 117.96 131.6 100 S 2 100 S 2 S 2 S 1
100 S 1 100 S 1 S 2 S 1 100 169 100 169 169 31.6 500 x 500 x = 137.4 = 255.4 269 100 S 100 S 100 37.2 10037.2 65.637.2 100 x x = 10028.4 = 20.7 137. 2 100 65.6 200 y 200 y = 65.6 = 131.2 100
100 18x 0. 9 100 36 160 18x 2. 5
20 100 KCl 1.984 20 776 1500 34.0 56.7 K CO 2.428 10 891 110.5 155.7
2 Na CO CO ( ) 2 3 3
1 2 3 1H 1H 1H 12 13 14 C C C 6 6 6 14 14 C C 6 14 5730 6C 11460 14 1/ 4 C 6 14 14 C C 6 14 6C 12 14 C C 6 6 6 6