1
380~760 nm 555 nm 760 nm 380 nm 8 c= 3 10 m/s c 1-1 1-1 (nm) (nm) 723~647 492~455 647~585 455~424 585~575 424~397 575~492 2
01 ( ) ( ) ( ) i 2 i 1 nsini = n sini (1-1) 1 1 n i 1 n i 1 3
( ) n = n 4
01 1. (1) 1-1 A. a. b. c. B. C. 1-1 (2) A. n n n n = l l r (1-2) (n n) / r Φ (D) (l = ) F f 5
nr f = n n (1-3) (l = ) F f f = nr n n (1-4) n n Φ= = f f (1-5) Φ> 0 Φ< 0 B. a. y nl β = = (1-6) y nl β β β < 0 β > 0 β > 1 β < 1 β = 1 b. α dl dl dl / dl 2 α = = = β dl 2 nl n dl 2 n l n (1-7) 6
01 α α β c. γ u u l n 1 γ = = l n β (1-8) γ γ 2. (1) 1-2 AB BF F F 1-2 7
AB BF B B BH H H BH H F f (2) F F F FE ED E E EH H H EH H F f EH EH EH EH + 1 1 3. (1) x F x F 1-3 8
01 1-3 BAF MHF BAF NHF y f = y x y x = y f xx = ff (1-9) (2) l H l H 1-3 n n f f + = 1 l l (1-10) f f = ( ) (Interference) 9
( ) (Diffraction) (Fraunhofer diffraction) ( ) (Polarization) polarizer 10
01 ( ) (Spherical Aberration) ( ) (Comatic Aberration; Coma) ( ) (Astigmatism) (Curvature of Field) 抛 ( ) (Distortion) 11
( ) (Chromatic Aberration) (Abbe number) (Maddox) 12
01 ( ) 1-4 1. 2. 3. 4. 1-4 13
5. 6. ( ) 1. (r) 2. (R) R = 1/r 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 14
01 ( ) 1. D F= 1/f 1 (D) 1 2. n n F = = (n n)r (1-11) r n n r 3. F 1 F 2 n n n3 n2 F = = (n n )R F 2 = = (n3 n 2)R r 2 1 1 2 1 r1 2 n 1 n 2 n 2 n 3 F= F1+ F2 dff 1 2 (1-12) d d 0 15
1-1 7.7 mm 6.8 mm 1.376 1.333 F= F + F 1 2 n n n n 1.376 1 1.333 1.376 2 1 3 2 = + = + 3 3 r1 r2 7.7 10 6.8 10 = 48.8 5.8 = 43(D) 4. F V F = d 1 F2 n (1-13) F V F d n F 2 d ( ) 1. DS 0.25DS 0.125DS 16
01 1-5 1-2 1-5 1-2 1 = l = f -1 2f f < l < 2f l= 2f l = 2f f < l< 2f l > 2f l= f l = 0< l< f l > l 2. (1) (2) 17
3. ( ) FDC θ F θ 2.00DC 180 + 1.00DC 45 180 1. (1) 0 (2) (3) F 2 θ = Fsin θ (1-14) θ F 2. 1-6 (1) (2) (3) 1-6 18
01 3. (1) 1-7 1-7 (2) (3) 4. TABO (1) TABO 1929 TABO 0 180 180 1-8 1-8 TABO 19
(2) TABO 1-9 1-9 (3) TABO 1-10 1-10 ( ) 1. (1) 2.00DS / + 1.00DC 180 (2) 2.00DS / 1.00DC 180 (3) 1.00DC 180 / 2.00DC 90 20