分类号 TU46 学号 084020603 学位论文 高墩大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工控制研究 Construction Control Studies of Long-span Prestressed Concrete Continuous Rigid-frame Bridge with High Pier 陈 波 指导教师姓名董军教授北京建筑工程学院 赵赤云副教授 北京建筑工程学院 申请学位级别硕士专业名称结构工程 论文提交日期 2008 年 2 月 5 日 论文答辩日期 2008 年 2 月 3 日 学位授予单位和日期北京建筑工程学院 2009 年月日 答辩委员会主席 评阅人 2008 年 2 月
Construction Control Studies of Long-span Prestressed Concrete Continuous Rigid-frame Bridge with High Pier ABSTRACT With the rapid transit development of China highway and railway, more longspan bridges are needed to pan great rivers and bays, PC continuous rigid-frame bridge emerged as the times require and was developed fleetly in recent years. The PC rigid frame bridge can meet with the carrying capacity of long span bridge. This kind of structure is fit for the comfortable steer with no other expansion joints except forthose at the two ends. It characterized the wholeness of structure, good astigmaticability and load-bearing ability. construction rapidness, bright and pithiness bridge style, so rigid frame bridge have taken an increasingly great proportion in bridges constructed and those under construction at city and county. Through the analysis and summary of the development of PC continuous rigid frame bridge and the developmental tendency of the construction control techniquesin our country and abroad, the paper gives the study of the construction control techniques for long-span prestres sing PC continuous rigid frame bridge. According to its special character of the construction control, the paper discusses that every parameters have effect on the inner force and displacement of the structure.the paper suggests a good way of observation in the course of construction control, and establishes a monitoring system. During the construction control of DuBu first Bridge, the system makes the basic parameters and technical parameters be acquired successfully. And through establishing computer model, the paper analyses the difference between theory and actuality, and discerns and changes parameters. And the paper provides a good way of observation in the course of construction control. Key words: long-span PC continuous rigid frame bridge, the construction control, defection observation, stress measurement
...3....3.....3..2...4..3...4..4...8.2...9.3....4... 2...3 2....3 2.. ()...3 2..2...3 2..3...4 2.2...4 2.2....4 2.2.2...5 2.2.3...5 2.2.4...5 2.2.5...5 2.2.6...5 2.2.7...6 2.3...7 2.4...8 3...20 3....20 3.2...23 3.2....23 3.2.2...25 3.2.3...26 3.2.4...27 4...30 4....30 4.....30 4..2...3 4.2...34 4.2....34 4.2.2...35 4.2.3...37 5...4 5....4 79
5.2...44 5.2....44 5.2.2...46 5.2.3...5 5.3...52 5.3....52 5.3.2...55 5.3.3...58 5.3.4...59 5.4...65 5.4....65 5.4.2...65 5.4.3...66 5.4.4...67 5.4.5...69 5.4.6...7 5.4.7...7 5.5...72 5.5....72 5.5.2...73 6...75 6....75 6.2...75...77...78...79 2 79
... - [] [3] - 953 (Worms) 4. 2m 3 79
T T 964 208m (Bendorf) 80 T..2 [5] [6] [8]..3 964 208m(Bendorf) T 985 260m988 80m 997 4 79
270m 298m (Raft Sundet) 30m(Stolma) [6] [8] [] --2 5 79
- (m) / (m) (m) Orwell 984 90 2 4 /2.8 /47.5 2 (Gateway) 985 45260+245 0.558 5.68 5.2 /6.0 /50 2.93 2 3 Houston 985 4228.6+4 4.6 4.6 /5.7 /49.7 8 4 Mooney 985 30220+30 0.59 2.5 4.25 /7.6 /5.8 2.3 6 5 Schot twien 989 250 6 Douter 990 250 7 Raft Sundet 998 86 202+298+25 4.5 3.5 /20.6 /85.6 0.3 7 R=3000 8 Stolma 998 30 6 79
-2 (m) (m) (m) / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 997 5027050 0.556 4.8 5 /8.2 /54 5 7 R7000m 999 373 25037 0.548 3.8 4.3 /8. /58. 5 7 024m 999 463 25046 0.584 3.7 4.2 /8.2 /59.5.5 5.5 025m 999 62.53 24562.5 0.663 3 4. /8.8 /59.8 9.6 0 069m 999 4024040 0.583 3.5 4.2 /7.8 /60 22.5 /200 997 4024040 0.583 3.6 /66.7 5.36 8 999 4025255.5 0.583 3.5 4 /7.8 /60 25 3 5.5m 999 222222 0.552 3 /8.6 /73.7 7. 8.65 999 0900 0.579 9.5 3 /20.0 /63.3 7.5 9.5.5 999 6525800 0.66 0 3 /8.0 /60 5.4 8 2 3 999 23.67023.6 0.727 999 006800 0.595 0.5 4.5 /6.0 /37.3 2.6 7 999 004 6005 0.656 8 3 /20.0 /30.3 7.5 9 4 5 999 904 6090 0.563 8 3 /20.0 /30.3 7 9 999 89.5589. 0.575 9 3.2 /7.2 /48.4 8.5 9 7 79
[] [5] [] 300m 330m 060..4 20 50 300m 30m 80 990 80m 2000 250m 270m 260m 30 8 79
: 60 [] 000m [2] [3].2 9 79
[2] 548.64m 76.8m [] 20 50 957 80 980 80 [] [7] 0 79
.3 [5] [0].4 - B4. 79
- [] [3] [2] 2 79
2 2. 2.. () 2..2 5% 5% 6% 3 79
2..3 2.2 2.2. 4 79
2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 5 79
2.2.7 ( ) 6 79
2.3 2- [4] [6] [9] 2-2# 7 79
2.4 2-2 2-2 8 79
[9] [23] [24] : 9 79
3 3. 0, [8] [23] [4] [25] [26] 3- x y x i o j x 90 y 20 79
3. e e {} δ = δ i = δ e j u e i v e i T e e e e φ i u j v j φ (3-) j e i { F} = = F F e e j T e e e e e e N i Qi M i N j Q j M j (3-2) x y e = δ δ e i {} δ = e i { } = e = F F e e j j u e i v e i e e T e e φ i u j v j φ (3-3) j X i Y i M i X j Y j M (3-4) j e e e e e e F [ ] T (3-)(3-4) 3- { δ } e =[ T ] { δ } e (3-5) { F } e =[ T ] { F } e (3-6) λ 0 T = (3-7) 0 λ [ ] 2 79
cosα sinα 0 λ = sinα con α 0 (3-8) 0 0 [ ] α x x x x 3- [T] [ T ] = [ T ] T (3-9) [ K ] e [ ] { F } e = [ K ] e { δ } e (3-0) K 0 0 K 0 0 0 K2 K3 0 K2 K3 0 K 3 K4 0 K3 K4 / 2 K e = (3-) K 0 0 K 0 0 0 K 2 K3 0 K2 K3 0 K3 K4 / 2 0 K3 K4 K = 3 2 EA/ L K = 2EI l K = 6EI l K = 4 4EI / l 2 / 3 / E I A,I (3-5)(3-6)(3-9)(3-0) { F } e T e =[ T ] [ K ] [ T ] { δ } e =[ K ] { } e δ e (3-2) [ ] e T e K =[ T ] [ K ] [ T ] (3-3) [K] [ K ] e { P } =[ ]{ δ} K (3-4) {} δ { P} 22 79
e (3-4){ δ} { δ} (3-5) {} S = [ ] e F = [ K ] e { δ } e (3-)(3-5) i e i e e N j (2-0) { δ } e (3-5) N = = K u i u ) e Q j e Q = = K v v ) + K ( φ + φ ) i e e ( ( 2 i j 3 M = K v v ) + K ( φ + φ / 2) j e ( 3 i j 4 e e M = K v v ) + K ( φ / 2 + φ ) ( 3 i j 4 e e e i i e e j e i e j e j e j e 3.2 3.2. t n n σ = (3-6) i= o σ i t t n+ n ε n+ c = n i= o ( σ / D) ϕ( t, τ ) i i (3-7) + t ε n c n+ 23 79
ε i ε 0i ε T n P + = B D ε n c + c = n [ i= 0 dv i n i= o T = B D ( σ / D) ϕ( t, τ ) dv i i T B σ dv ϕ( t, τ )] (3-8) σ = (3-9) i D( ε i ε 0 i) = D ε i D ε 0i i B T dv T σ i = B ( D ε i ) dv T B D ε 0 idv c = F i + Ri = F i (3-20) T F i = B D ε idv = B T DBdv ε i (3-2) T R i = B D ε 0 idv (3-22) ε 0i (2-20)(2-8) c P ε n+ = n i= 0 c F i ϕ ( t τ (3-23) n+, i ) (3-20)(3-23) F i (3-23) F i c c ϕ( t, τ ) c P ε n+ 24 79
(JTJ023-85) ϕ( t, τ ) = ( τ ) + 0.4β ( t τ ) + ϕ [ β ( t) β ( τ )] (3-24) β α d β α β d β f ϕ f h τ ( ) f f 4 qi ϕ( t, τ ) = ( ) ( )[ ] ( t τ β ) α τ + βd + C i τ e (3-25) i= f c i qi ( tτ ) = [ β ( τ ) + β ] W ( e ) c P ε n+ 4 F n a n d + n= (3-26) i= i Wn i q = = i t n c i c W n e + Fn C i ( τ n ) W 0 = F n Ci ( τ 0 ) ( i = ~ 4 ) c c τ 0 τ n F 0 F n 3.2.2 pt ε ( t) =ε ( ) ( e ) (3-27) s s ε s( ) p τ 0 n+ c ε s + = ε s( )( tn τ 0) ε s( tn τ 0) p = [ ] ( tn τ 0 ) p ( tn+ τ 0 ε ( ) e e ) s pt = ( ) ( tn τ 0 ) p tn ε e ( e + ) (3-28) s s P ε n+ n = B D ε T + s dv H 25 79
H = EA ε (3-29) n+ s = [ H, 0,0, H,0, 0] T s R ε n+ (3-30) ε s ε s P n + = R n + (3-3) 3.2.3,,,, T { S '} = [ H, 0, M, H,0, M (3-32) ] [ h y ) t + y t ] h H E α A / (3-33) = ( 2 M = E α I ( t t ) 2 / h (3-34) α AI E t y t 2 h x, y ε α[ h y ) t + y t ]/ h 0 = ( 2 χ = αt t / h 2 H M E ε A (3-35) = 0 = E χ I (3-36) ε 0 χ ε 0 χ ε 0 χ 26 79
3.2.4 M = M 0 + M ' (3-37) M 0 M [26] [32] 3-2 e θ θ A A B f e i e B 27 79
3-2 4 f e e 4 f e ( x) = + l l M(x) 2 B A x + e 2 A (2-38) M ( x) i N y e( x) = N y 4 f 2 eb ea 4 f x + + ea (2-39) 2 l l (3-42)(3-43) 2 d M ( x) 8 f ( x) = = N y = (2-40) 2 dx l q 2 (3-40)(2-44) 8 f eb ea 4 f θ ( x) = e'( x) = x + 2 l l (2-4) eb ea 4 f θ A = e' = l (2-42) eb ea + 4 f θ B = e'( l) = l (2-43) 8 f θ A θb = (2-44) l N y N y θ q( x) = ( θ A θb ) = = = q (2-45) l l q θ q N [20] [2] y ( θ θ ) A B 3-3 q l 28 79
3-3 AC CB e ( x) = e A ea + d xq a eb + d e2( x) = d + ( x a) b AC CB Q ( Q x) = M ' ( x) = N 2 ( 2 x) = M ' ( x) = N y y e A + d a ea + d b = N θ y y = N θ C P P : B A P = θ θ (2-46) N y B A 29 79
4 4. [27] [28] 4.. X=- X + = 0 (4-) X + = 0 (4-2) X X X X X [ X, X (2), ΛΛX ( n) ] = (4-3) [ X, X (2), ΛΛX ( n) ] = (4-4) 30 79
X X ( ) ( k) + az ( k) = b ( k {,2ΛΛ }) (4-5) [ X ( k) + X ( ) ] Z ( k) = k ( a, b R, R) 2 X ( k) + az ( k) = b dx dt + ax = b (4-6) ( ) X O ( k) ; Z ( k) ( ) X O ( k) A( ) (A) 2 2 : A( ) = a 2 a a 2 22 ( a) ( a2 ) ( ) ( ) a2 a22 (4-7) ( A ) = (4-8) A X ( t + t) X (t) X ( t t) dx ( t + t, t + t) dt 4..2 dx dt : GM GM(,N) N GM(,) GM(,N) GM(,N) X X X 3 79
X ( i =,2,...n) X i GM(,) X n X 0 ( X, Λ, X ( n) ) = (4-9) X X X k X ( k) = X ( m) (4-0) m= ( X, X (2), Λ, X ( n) ) = (4-) Z X Z ( k) = 0.5X ( k) + 0.5X ( k ) (4-2) Z = ( Z (2), Z (3), Λ, Z ( N) (4-3) X, ( ) X X X ( ) Y Bα ) N = (4-4) (4-4)Y (4-4): N X (2) X (3) Y N = M X ( n) (4-5) Z (2) Z (3) B = M Z ( n) (4-6) ) a α = b (4-7) B ) α X ( k) + az ( k) = b k = ( 2,3, Λ, n) 32 79
GM () : ) ε = Y N Bα (4-8) ε J = ε T ε = min (4-9) α ) ) T T α = ( B B) B YN (4-20) a = b = n k = 2 n k = 2 Z X ( k) n k = 2 ( n ) ( k) n k = 2 X n ( n ) ( k) ( n ) Z ( k) k = 2 k = 2 k = 2 Z n ( k) Z 2 k = 2 n n Z k = 2 k = 2 n ( k) 2 Z n Z ( k) ( k) X ( k) n k = 2 Z Z 2 ( k) ( k) ( k) X 2 ( k) (4-2) (4-22) dx dt + a ( x ) = b (4-23) a,b (4-23) dx dt + ax = b (4-24) (4-2)(4-24)(4-6) : ) X ( k + ) = ak ( X b a) e + b / a (4-25) (4-24) GM(,): ) X ) ) ( k + ) = X ( k + ) X ( k) (4-26) 33 79
4.2 4.2. GM(,) X = ( X (2), X (3), Λ, X ( n) X : Y = ( Y (2), Y (3), Λ, Y ( n) XY : δ = ( δ (2), δ (3), Λ, δ ( n) δ ( k ) = X ( k) Y ( k) + c (4-27) k =,2, Λ,n c X ( k) Y ( k) δ X (4-0) X (4-2) Z, GM(,)( 4-8)(4-2)(4-22) a,b(4-25) X ) (4-26) ) δ ) ) X ) ( X c) ( X c) ) ) δ = (4-28) ) ( δ ( ), δ (2), Λ, δ ( n), Λ, δ ( m) ) ) ) = ( m > n) ) δ ( n +), Λ, ) δ (m), ) δ (m), δ δ (k) : ; δ ( k) = δ ( k) = 0 T T δ ( k) δ ( k), ) δ (k) c c 34 79
δ ( k) = δ ( k) δ ( k) > δ ( k) ) δ (k) : T T δ ( k) = δ ( k) T 0 T k c c c U ( k) = X ( k) + δ ( ) (4-29) X (k) k 4.2.2 : i + i GM(,) x y x (k) i y (k) i : : x = ( x, x(2), Λ, x( n)) (4-30) y = ( y, y(2), Λ, y( n)) (4-3) δ = ( δ, δ (2), Λ, δ ( n)) (4-32) δ ( i) = x( k) y( k) ( i =,2, Λ, n) (4-33) 35 79
X = ( X, X (2), Λ, X ( n)) (4-34) X ( i) = δ ( i) + c (4-35) c x( i) y( i) (4-34) GM () X : X : 0 X = X (4-36) X ( k + ) = X ( k) + X ( k + ) ( i =,2, Λ, n) (4-37) dx dt a,b + ax = b ) a α = b : ) α = ( B T B) B T Y N ( X + X (2)) 2 B = ( X (2) + X (3)) 2 M ( X ( n ) + X ( n)) 2 Y N M X (2) X (3) = M X ( n) (4-38) : ) X ( k + ) = ( X b ) e a ak + b a (4-39) 36 79
4.2.3 3# 5# cm 5#0#-4# 4.5) 2.9, 2.4, 2.3, 2.3, ( = x 4) 2.5, 2.5, 2, 2, ( = x 0.5) 0.4, 0.3,0., 0.3, ( = x = 5 c = (4.7,4.7,5.,4.6,4.5) x = (4.7,9.4,4.5,9.,23.6) x = + + + = 23 9.5 4.5 0 )) ( ) ( ( 2 (3)) (2) ( 2 (2)) ( 2 n X n X X X X X B M M = = 0 7 3 6 ) ( (3) (2) n X M X X Y N ( ) T T T B B B = 23 9.5 4.5 0 23 9.5 4.5 0 23 9.5 4.5 0 37 79
0.003 = 0.722 0.722 0 3.35 4.5 9.5 23 0.0692 =.43 0.0229 0.638 0.02865 0.2229 0.0647 0.8256 ) α = ( B T B) B T Y N 0.0692 =.43 0.0229 0.638 0.02865 0.2229 6 0.0647 3 0.2834 = 0.8256 7 8.832 0 ) a 0.2834 α = = b 8.832 dx dt + ax = b dx dt + 0.2834X = 8.832 X ) ( k + ) = ak 0.2834k ( X b a) e + b / a = 24.64e + 3. 64 k = X ) (2) = 2. 963 k = 2 X ) (3) = 7. 455 k = 3 X ) (4) = 20. 838 k = 4 X ) (5) = 23. 386 k = 5 X ) (6) = 25. 306 X ( k + ) = X ( k + ) X ( k) ( k =,2, Λ, n) k = X ) (2) = 2.963 7 = 5. 963 k = 2 X ) (3) = 7.455 2.963 = 4. 492 k = 3 X ) (4) = 20.838 7.455 = 3. 383 38 79
= 4 k 548 2. 20.838 23.386 (5) = = X ) = 5 k 92. 23.368 25.306 (6) = = X ) ) ( ) ( ) ( k X k X k q ) = ( ) 0.386 2.62.455.037 0 c=2 ( ).64 4.62 0.545 2.037 = q GM() ( ) 8.358 6.744 2.582 2.037 = q = + + + = 7.55 4.663 2.3095 )) ( ) ( ( 2 (3)) (2) ( 2 (2)) ( 2 n q n q q q q q A M M ( ) T T T T A A A = 7.55 4.663 2.3095 7.55 4.663 2.3095 7.55 4.663 2.3095 = 7.55 4.663 2.3095 3 4.5235 4.5235 84.096 =.333 0.856 =.333 0.856 ' ' b a 39 79
) q ( k + ) = a' k ( q b' a' ) e + b' / a' ) q k k ( a )( q b a ) e a ' 0.856 ' ' '.77e ( k + ) = = k = q ) (2) = 2. 06 k = 2 q ) (3) = 2. 48 k = 3 q ) (4) = 2. 986 k = 4 q ) (5) = 3. 595 k = 5 q ) (6) = 4. 328 c=2 k = q ) (2) = 0. 06 k = 2 q ) (3) = 0. 48 k = 3 q ) (4) = 0. 986 k = 4 q ) (5) =. 595 k = 5 q ) (6) = 2. 328 k = X ) (2) = 0.06 + 5.963 = 6. 023 k = 2 X ) (3) = 0.48 + 4.492 = 4. 972 k = 3 X ) (4) = 0.986 + 3.383 = 4. 37 k = 4 X ) (5) =.595 + 2.548 = 4. 43 k = 5 X ) (6) = 2.328 +.92 = 4. 248 5# 4.248 5 = 0. 752 U = + 0.752 = 6.74 + 0.752 7.492 U 5 7.5 cm 5 x 5 = x 5 5# 40 79
5 5. 75 + 6 25 + 75 = 900 % 2% 5-5-2 5- a) 23 5- b) 456 5- c) 7 2.25 0.5 +.25 +0.5 80-6.8 2.8.8 5-3 26 3.5 4 79
7 5 25 4.5 26 ()0 0.5 0.6 7 0 0.28 0.5 5-4 7 0 5.5 3.25 2 6 0 6.5 2.75 5-5 5-3 0,.8 5-4 26 7 0 42 79
5-2 5-5 43 79
5.2 BridgeSB BridgeSB 5-6 5-6 BridgeSB 5.2. 44 79
[5] [6] 5- (Pa) (Pa) (t/m ) αl (m) 3600000 3600000 2.6 3600000 0.3 0.02 2 0.02 0.0005 3450000 3450000 2.6 3450000 0.3 0.02 2 0.02 0.0005 5-2 (m 2 ) (m 2 ) (MPa) (mm) 0.0064 0.007 9500 0.025 0.7 0.005 6 2 0.0078 0.0027 9500 0.025 0.30 0.005 6 3 0.0064 0.007 9500 0.025 0.7 0.005 6-20-20 00 m 2 2347 5-7 5-7 T T2 T=-30tT2=80t 45 79
5-8 56 5-8 T T2 T=-27t T2=84t 5.2.2 JTJ023-85 60.5 3 0.78.52.69 46 79
/2 469 23 58 5-3 5-3 20 2 240 3 330 0 7 4 332 T F 5 333 6 340 7 343 2 8 345 T2F2 9 346 0 349 3 35 T3F3 2 352 3 355 4 4 357 T4F24 5 358 6 36 5 7 363 T5F5 8 364 9 367 6 20 369 T6F6 2 370 22 373 2 23 375 T7F7 24 376 25 379 8 47 79
26 38 T8F8 27 382 28 385 9 29 387 T9 T9'F9 30 388 3 39 0 32 393 T0T0' 33 394 34 397 35 399 TT' 36 400 37 403 2 38 405 T2T2' 39 406 40 409 3 4 4 T3T3' 42 42 43 45 4 44 47 T4T4' 45 48 46 42 5 47 423 T5T5' 48 425 49 428 368 50 430 B-B5 Z-Z H-H4 5 435 27 52 437 Z-Z H3-H4 53 440 45 54 442 Z-Z H3-H4 48 79
55 443 56 445 57 475 58 3650 3 0 5-7 3 4 5-8 23 7 5-9 5-0 5-5-7 0 5-8 5-9 7 49 79
5-0 5-50 79
5.2.3 46 5 5-2 55 5-3 60 5-4 5-2 46 5-3 55 5-4 60-8.6cm -7.6cm 5 79
6 20MPa 200MPa 5.3 [30] [3] 5.3. 5.3.. [30] [33] i i- i i 5-5 52 79
a. i i i b. i c. q 5-5 5.3..2 H i n=h i +H i +H i n (5-) H i n in(ni H i ni) H i i H i i H i n in H i n=h i +H i +H i n+ H i +H (5-2) 53 79
H i n i H i i H i i i H i n ( 2) H i n= H i - H i- H i H H i +H i H i +H i +H i n( ) 5-6 5-6 (5-2) 5-7 54 79
5.3.2 5-7 5.3.2. 55 79
cm 5-8 5-8 5.3.2.2 5-9 0cm 4.5m φ20 (DS) 0 5-9 56 79
5-20 5-2 3:005:00 7:009:00 6:008:00 57 79
5-2 5.3.3 40%80% 30%80% 60%0% i j j i i j 58 79
2cm 5.3.4 5.3.4. 5 5-4 3-5-4 5 (mm) 5-49.7 2.3 4-3.2-2.87-36.8 4.93 6 0.2 5.8 3-4 -2.5 -.5-7.63-27 9.37 9 8.3 0.7 2-8 -.9-6. -9.24-9.4 0.6 0 6.7 3.3-3 -.2 -.8-7.47-2.4-5.07-2 5.3-7.3 0-5 -0.9-4. -7.57-9.2-8.37 6 4.2.8 9 - -0.7-0.3-22.53-6.8-5.73 2 6.2.2 8 0-0.5 0.5-26.0-4.7-2.3 6 6.4-0.4 7 0-0.4 0.4-30.64-3. -27.54 9 4.6 4.4 6-7 -0.2 6.8-20.4 -.7-8.7 3 3. -0. 5-2 -0..9-8.2 - -7.2 3 2. 0.9 59 79
4 3-0. 3. -9.39-0.5-8.89 0.9 0. 3 - -0. -0.9-7.9-0.2-7.7 0 0.7-0.7 2 0-3.27-0. -3.7-0.3 -.3 0-2.22 0-2.22 0 0-5.6 0-5.6 2 2 0 0 0-24.33-0. -24.23 2 0.3.7 3 0-0. 0. -8.6-0.2-8.4 0 0.7-0.7 4-2 -0. -.9-0.92-0.5-0.42 2 0.9. 5 8-0. 8. -35.9 - -34.9 2. -. 6 3-0.2 3.2-20.38 -.7-8.68 3. -2. 7 4-0.4 4.4-46.36-3. -43.26 9 4.6 4.4 8-3 -0.5-2.5-36.6-4.7-3.46 5 6.4 -.4 9 3-0.7 3.7-23.55-6.8-6.75 4 6.2 7.8 0 - -0.9-0. -2.84-9.2-3.64 0 4.2 5.8-7 -.2-5.8-2.42-2.4-9.02 7 5.3.7 2-9 -.9-7. -33.49-9.4-4.09 7 6.7 0.3 3-9 -2.5-6.5-50.04-27. -22.94 9 8.3 0.7 4-3.2-68.39-37 -3.39 22 0.2.8 5-49.9 2.3 5-4 0 0 5 3cm 5.5cm 0 2cm 0 30%70% 60 79
0 05 5.3.4.2 Er a 40mm40mm 0 0 () 2 500m 2 5-5 2008 0 03 5-5 2 (m) 28 29 30 3 () () () G D G D G D G D 6:00 22.4 22.5 22.3 27.333 27.24 27.76 26.962 27.027 26.87 26.886 26.674 6 79
8:00 23.7 23.8 25.7 27.33 27.20 27.75 26.960 27.024 26.85 26.885 26.672 0:00 25.5 25.7 28.8 27.327 27.7 27.72 26.959 27.022 26.8 26.884 26.669 2:00 28.2 28.4 3.4 27.324 27.4 27.69 26.956 27.09 26.808 26.879 26.667 4:00 32. 32.3 35.9 27.32 27. 27.68 26.952 27.06 26.805 26.875 26.663 6:00 34.7 34.9 37.6 27.320 27.0 27.66 26.950 27.03 26.803 26.873 26.659 8:00 35. 35.3 36.3 27.39 27.09 27.67 26.95 27.00 26.803 26.873 26.658 (mm) 4 5 0 2 7 4 3 6 (m) 28 29 30 3 G D G D G D G D 6:00 22.4 22.5 22.3 29.778 29.578 29.939 29.738 220.05 29.904 220.37 220.086 8:00 23.7 23.8 25.7 29.775 29.575 29.937 29.735 220.03 29.902 220.34 220.083 0:00 25.5 25.7 28.8 29.774 29.572 29.933 29.732 220.00 29.900 220.30 220.08 2:00 28.2 28.4 3.4 29.770 29.568 29.929 29.728 220.097 29.897 220.308 220.078 4:00 32. 32.3 35.9 29.768 29.565 29.927 29.724 220.094 29.893 220.305 220.074 6:00 34.7 34.9 37.6 29.766 29.562 29.924 29.723 220.09 29.890 220.30 220.073 8:00 35. 35.3 36.3 29.765 29.562 29.924 29.724 220.092 29.888 220.303 220.07 (mm) 3 6 5 5 4 6 6 5 2 mm b. 62 79
c. d. e. 5.3.4.3 a. 5,, 0mm 2mm H = H + H+2mm (5-3) H 63 79
22 b. 2008 0 27 5-6 ( ) (cm) (cm) (cm) (: 2cm) 2008.0.30 8 6.4 8..7 2 2008.. 7 6.4 6.0 0.4 3 2008.0.3 9 6.4 5..3 4 2008..7 6 6.4 7.2 0.8 5 2008..7 6 6.4 4.8.6 6 2008.0.24 20 6.4 6.6 0.2 7 2008..0 6 5.7 3.7 2.0 8 2008.0.25 20 5.7 4.2.5 5-6 5-22 c. 6 0.2cm.7cm 64 79
5.4 5.4. 5.4.2 5-23 2 4 7 5-24 40-7- 6.0m 45 65 79
5-23 5-24 5.4.3 JMZX-25T JMZX-200X 66 79
5 5-25 5-25 5.4.4 5-23 5-24 5-3 6 0 6-2 6-3 5-265-27 5-285-29 5-305-3 Z Z Z Z Z + Z 8 + Z 7 3 Z Z 2 + Z 6 2 Z Z 3 + Z 4 + Z 5 3 67 79
5-26 6-2 5-27 6-3 5-28 6-2 68 79
5-29 6-3 5-30 6-2 5-3 6-3 5.4.5 456 69 79
5-23 Z Z Z + Z 2 + Z 3 + Z 4 4 5-32 4-5-33 5-70 79
5-34 6-5.4.6 5.4.7 7 79
( ) () [5] [6] 5.5 5.5. 2# 3# 2#3# E 4d7d4d28d60d E γ 72 79
5.5.2 # 7 L/4 ( 0 ) 5-35 5-35 5-36 5-36 N = ( F F f f + A) K N (KN) F f 73 79
AK L/4 2 74 79
6 6. [4] [8] 3 6.2 75 79
76 79
[].[M]. 2002 [2].().:996 [3]..:200 [4]..:999 [5]. [D]. 2006. [6]..:2000 [7]..2002 [8]..:200 [9]. [M]. :, 998 [0]..2003 []. 270m.200(5) [2]..2003 [3].[J].,2003 [4].[J].2005, 25(3):662. [5]. [R]. 2008. [6]. 2 [R]. 2008. [7]. 605 [J]. 2004, (9):4449. [8]. [J]. 24 6 2002 6. [9]. [J]. 2005 4 4. [20]. [M]. 998 [2]. [M]. 200 [22]. [J]. Vol.0, No. [23]. [J]. 998No.2: 0~5 [24]. [M]., 200 [25]. [M]., 997 77 79
[26].[M].200. [27].. 2002 [28]..993(3) [29].[J]. 24 2007. [30]..998(3) [3]. [S]., 2004 [32].[C]. 2007. [33].((JTJ02-89).:989 [34].(JTJ04-2000).: 989 [].. 2007 8. [2]. 2007 8 [3],,,,. [J]., 2007, (9). [4],,. [J]., 2007,33(34): 302-303. [5],,,,, [J]., 2007. ( ). 78 79
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