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1970 Giant Screen 1923 8 P l a n e t a r i u m 1923 1913 Max Wo l f O s c a r von Miller 20 1926 11 I I Z e i s s 1947 Carl Zeiss H a g a r, 1980 18 Walther Bauersfeld 1919 5 16 10 I 12 1 8 5 124
12 S p i t z G S S - 1 70 1997 S p i t z Learning Te c h n o l o g i e s G o t o M i n o l t a 1947 S p i t z Model A 1923 Herrman, 1992 1957 8 Spitz A1 1957 Minolta 1928 1958 84. 6 2002 4 0 1926 1959 125
3 6 0 I V 4 4 2001 3 1934 2001 11. 8 25 1 9 3 7 1 938 2001 1 0 1986 23 126
1 9 4 7 Admand N. Spitz Friedman, 1992 5 1963 Higher Education Facilities Act, 1947 1 960 H E FA Herrman, 1992; Marche, 2001 Bishop, 1992 1923 1946 W. Sunal & C. S. Sunal, 1977 Herrman 1 998 1960 100 1970 1958 1957 1000 1999 1038 S p u t n i k Laatsch & Smith, 2000 Smith & Haubold, 1992 Marche, 2001 1957 8 1958 Spitz A1 1958 National Defense Educational Act, Herrman, 1992; D. 6 Spitz A2 N D E A 2002 b A 2 N D E A 9 1963 N D E A 127
1 9 7 7 Learning Te c h n o l o g i e s Starlab Portable P l a n e t a r i u m 30 1998 a 1 9 9 8 Hamilton, 1987 1983 Evan & Sutherland D i g i s t a r Friedman, 1992 Evan & Sutherland E & S D i g i s t a r Digistar III S t a r R i d e r Digistar II IMAX 70 I I I 128
3 4 C P U 1958 1 960 1994 1998 1959 Vi r t u a r i u m 2 0 S p i t z E l e c t r i c S k y Mionlta M e d i a G l o b e 2 001 6 S k y m a x S k y - S k a n S k y Vi s i o n 2 0 0 0 M o s l e y, 2001 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA 421 1970 Smith & Haubold, 1992 Smith, 2000 International Society of Planetarium Educators, ISPE I n t e r n a t i o n a l Planetarium Society, IPS 16 1946 Armand Spitz P l a n e t a r i a n 700 I P S 196 3 National Science Foundation, NSF 129
G i a n t S c r e e n 1998b I M A X 15 / 70 O M I M A X I M A X I M A X 1973 Reuben H. Fleet Friedman, 1992 I M A X I M A X I M A X I M A X 130
18 25 150 ~ 180 18 1957 1985 Adrien Fainsilber I I 1926 25 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 12 18 131
1957 N S C 90-2511 - S - 178-002 2001 3 28 ~ 34 1997 1998 a 99 ~ 101 1 998 b 1998 1986 58 ~ 60 2002 b 91 6 ~ 18 2 002 91 1 9 ~ 28 1990 49 1 3 ~ 14 The Planetarian, October, 1987 1998 1998 61 ~ 63 132
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