3 4 7 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 010-62782989 13501256678 13801310933 CIP /. 2006. 2 ISBN 7-81082 - 671-9 Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. - - - Ⅳ. F590 CIP 2005 159988 100084 100044 010-62776969 010-51686414 185 230 20. 25 456 2006 4 1 2006 4 1 ISBN 7-81082 - 671-9 /F141 1 4 000 28. 00 http / /www. tup. com. cn http / /press. bjtu. edu. cn 010-5168604351686008010 - 62225406E-mailpress@center. bjtu. edu. cn
3 1
2006 1 2
1 1 5 1. 1 6 1. 1. 1 7 1. 1. 2 10 1. 1. 3 11 1. 1. 4 15 1. 2 17 1. 2. 1 18 1. 2. 2 21 1. 2. 3 25 29 2 30 2. 1 31 2. 1. 1 32 2. 1. 2 34 2. 1. 3 38 2. 2 42 2. 2. 1 43 2. 2. 2 45 2. 2. 3 48 52 52 Ⅰ
3 57 3. 1 59 3. 1. 1 59 3. 1. 2 62 3. 1. 3 65 3. 1. 4 68 3. 2 70 3. 2. 1 71 3. 2. 2 75 3. 2. 3 78 3. 3 81 3. 3. 1 81 3. 3. 2 83 3. 3. 3 86 3. 3. 4 89 91 92 4 100 4. 1 101 4. 1. 1 101 4. 1. 2 104 4. 1. 3 107 4. 2 111 4. 2. 1 111 4. 2. 2 115 4. 2. 3 117 4. 2. 4 120 124 5 125 5. 1-126 Ⅱ 5. 1. 1 127 5. 1. 2 129
5. 1. 3 131 5. 1. 4-134 5. 2 136 5. 2. 1 137 5. 2. 2 139 5. 2. 3 141 5. 3 147 5. 3. 1 147 5. 3. 2 156 159 6 160 6. 1 162 6. 1. 1 162 6. 1. 2 165 6. 2 172 6. 2. 1 172 6. 2. 2 174 6. 2. 3 178 6. 3 183 6. 3. 1 183 6. 3. 2 189 6. 3. 3 191 193 194 7 203 7. 1 204 7. 1. 1 204 7. 1. 2 206 7. 1. 3 209 7. 1. 4 213 7. 2 215 7. 2. 1 216 Ⅲ
7. 2. 2 220 7. 2. 3 224 7. 3 228 7. 3. 1 21 228 7. 3. 2 234 237 237 8 246 8. 1 247 8. 1. 1 248 8. 1. 2 250 8. 1. 3 252 8. 1. 4 254 8. 2 256 8. 2. 1 257 8. 2. 2 260 8. 2. 3 262 266 267 9 274 9. 1 275 9. 1. 1 276 9. 1. 2 280 9. 1. 3 281 9. 2 285 9. 2. 1 286 9. 2. 2 288 9. 2. 3 290 9. 2. 4 293 9. 3 296 Ⅳ 9. 3. 1 296 9. 3. 2 300
9. 3. 3 302 307 308 311 Ⅴ
1 1... 1985. 15
1 18 19 1990 1.. 1981. 34
tourismtravel
1 1 2
1 2 1. 1 1 2.. 1997... 1999.
1. 1. 1
294 286 54 96
1. 1. 2
21 1. 1. 3 15 20
725 25 27
35 38 40 742 45
1079
1. 1. 4 76
1665 64 1696 1699 69
1642 1641 1667 26 39 1. 2 A. G. Baumgurten17141762 1750 aesthetic
18 Cook and Son 1841 19 1. 2. 1 Landscape 1 2 1 2... 1963. 327.. 2004. 1011
1 2 landscape 1 2.. 2004. 14.. 2004. 1617
5
1 15 1. 2. 2 1.. 2004. 71
Landscape Architecture 19 1858 F. L. Olmsted Landscape Architect 1899 American Society of Landscape ArchitectsASLA 1901 1958 International Federation of Landscape Architects 2 3 landscape scenery 20 60 landscape assessment or landscape evaluation visual quality beauty scenic beauty scenic quality Iacques 1 Appleton 1975 1.. 1998. 3
Kaplan Ulrich / Meaning Feeling Expressing Place and Aesthetic 1 2 1 2... 1999. 6... 1999. 19
1 1... 1999. 7
1. 2. 3 S. E. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4... 1990. 60.. 1987. 274.. 2000. 129.. 1999. 53
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4.. 1995. 112.. 1999. 20.. 1997. 163.. 1979. 142
- 1 2 3 1 2 3.. 1996. 16.. 1998. 168. 1986. 206
1 2 3 1-1 1-1 1 2... 1984. 31131 3.. 1990. 26
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
2 1 2
20 80 20 90 2000 6 2. 1
2. 1. 1 1 2 1 2.. 1979. 184.. 1980. 85
1718 1 pure beauty adherent beauty 1.. 1980. 123
1 2 2. 1. 2 18 19 20 1 2.... 1979. 160.. 1980. 2
modernity 1 2 20 1 2.. 1986. 6.. 1986. 9596
1931 Soluipes objekten 1 2 3 1 2 3.. 1997. 878... 1992. 405.. 1986. 216
Sein 1 1959 6 6 Da 1.. 1997. 632634
1 / / / / 2 2. 1. 3 1 2... 2000. 210... 2000. 106107
1. 1750 1 2 2. 1 2.. 2000 4.. 1997.
20 60 80 20 80 1 1.. 1997. 4
20 90 3. 20 80 1985 1 1.. 1997. 30
2. 2
1 2. 2. 1 2 1 2.. 1997. 4... 1978. 154155
1 2 3 2. 2. 2 4 1 2 3 4... 1987. 31... 1987. 64.. 1986. 233.. 1986. 50
1981
2. 2. 3 400 800 10-4 10 8 25% 1 15 1.. 1986. 181
25 70 70 150
1 21 1998 / / / / 1.. 1995. 327328
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 321379 303361 5 20 353
41
1. 1 2 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 2 000
3
20
3. 1 3. 1. 1
16 18 18 800 90% 6% 4% 800
3. 1. 2 1 1.. 3. 1975. 3132
1 2 1 2.. 4. 1972. 2.. 46. 1972. 44
1 2 3 1 2 3.. 1982. 22.. 1985. 82.. 1982. 23
24 3. 1. 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢
C. E.
3. 1. 4
3. 2 1 1.. 1985. 6
3. 2. 1 1. 1 545 1 360 81 71 2. 72
3. 500 1 700
4. 5. 1 300 6 250
6. 90% 7 200 100 7.
8. 3. 2. 2
1. 1 2 1 2... 1992. 748750
2.
3. 2. 3 1 1.. 1984. 205
1 Phewa Barahi 1.. 1999 1
1 2 1 2.. 1999 6.. 1986 10 4
3. 3 3. 3. 1 E Haeckel 1886 1844 -
1 1. 1844 -.. 1979. 49
3. 3. 2 5 500 50 20 Ecotourism Ecologica1 tourism 1980 Claude Moulin 1983 IUCN H. Ceballos Lascurain 1986 20 90
1. 1992 2. 1993 The Ecotourism Society
21 1995 8 24 28 1 1992 21 1. 20. 1998. 342343
1 3. 3. 3 2 3 4 1 2 3 4. 20. 1998. 342343.. 1985. 430.. 1984. 159.. 1985. 429
98%
3. 3. 4 1.
2. 3. 38
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1971 Shangri-La 1933 1944 250 1998 21 Return country
1. 20 90 1930 3
GodNatureMan 2. 4 400 9
10 4 3. 10
4. 5 396 1 550 4 700 U 6 000 6 740
20 80 1999 9 5.
15 1 5 7 1989 1990 60 the Valley of Blue Moon
1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 3 000
4
1 4. 1 4. 1. 1 1997 1.. 1998. 12
1 2 Landscape and Gardening 1 2.. 1999. 8.. 1999. 6
4. 1. 2
2000 1 1 6 46 2000 16. 29 3. 65
9 2000 2000 1999 12 32 2000 20 1 3 1. 2 1998
tourist attractions site attractions event attractions 4. 1. 3 1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
20
1 4. 2 4. 2. 1
1975 Jones & Jones UpperSusitna 320 aesthetic valueav vividnessv visual intactnessvi unityu visual uniquenessvu AV = ( V + VI + U 3 ) VU VVIU 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 VU 20 1 1.. 2000. 162
30 22 7 2 77 120 36 24 3 20 9 15 1450 300 170 200 20
1 20 90 1.. 1999. 69
20 4. 2. 2 1.
2.
10 10 1 4. 2. 3 1.. 1979. 62
1 2 3 4 5 6 SBE Scenic Beauty Estimation LCJ Law of Comparative Judgement SBE LCJ LCJ BIB - LCJ 20 80 95 000 6
180 7 49 49 7 7 4 1986 218 80 36 44 138 10 64 60 60 59 57 56 55 53 53 52
20 50 40 50 1993 4-1 30 50 20 10 20 10 10 20 6 4 5 10 5 4-1 70 60 70 60 89 80 75 71 67 65 64 61 57 48 48 38 4. 2. 4
8 10 0 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-4 4-1 /% 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 1 10 2 25 3 15 4 15 5 25 6 10
4-2 /% 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 1 20 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 20 6 10 7 10 8 10 4-3 /% 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 1 40 2 20 > 90% > 75% > 50%< 30%<10% 3 10 4 20 5 10 4-4 /% 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 1 10 2 20 3 20 4 15 < 20 km 20 60 km 60 100 km 100 200 km > 200 km 5 15 6 20 < 2 km 2 10 km 10 50 km 50 100 km > 100 km 4-5
4-5 1 40 2 30 3 30 100 /% 4-6 4-6 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
4-6 11 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
5 - -
5. 1-1 2 1 2.. 1999. 363.. 1995. 367
5. 1. 1 field F F F = + 1 20 60 - place theory field place place particular part of space occupied by sb. or sth. citytownvillageetc. building or area of land used for some particular purpose that is specified 1.. 1998. 104
proper or nature position country-house of some sizewith the land round ithouse or other residence place field range of operation activityuse area or space in which forces can be field field place place field 1 isomorphism field force 1.. 1999. 309
5. 1. 2 site space
humanities field
1 5. 1. 3 - - / - - - - - 1.. 1998. 43
- S. E. Rasmussern
5. 1. 4 - - - - -
- - 5. 2
5. 2. 1 1. 2.
3.
5. 2. 2 1.
1 2 3 1 2 3.. 1999 3 30.. 1996. 64.. 2000. 89
2. 1 5. 2. 3 1.. 1985.
1. 1 2 2. 1
2
3 3. 1
2 4
1 5. 3 5. 3. 1 1.. 1990. 211
1.
2.
3. 1 1.. 1963 5
4.
N 1-1... 1985. 26
5.
1 /8 1 /4 1 /3
20 80 ponk 2005 5. 3. 2 1.
1 2. 1972 1984 1. 1844 -.. 1979. 7980
1. 2. 3. 4. - 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
6
51. 4% 1 60 1994 400 OK 1.. 1996 2
6. 1 6. 1. 1 MS 1 1.. 2001
1 1.. 2002. 13
6. 1. 2 1.
2. 5 6 4 891012 12 2 60 1. 2 0. 8
3.
30 50 4 5 20 50 80 4.
5. 8 000
769 1 200 600 600 10 19 208 20 1985
6. 1. 8 2 9 11 12 0. 2 6 2
6. 2 6. 2. 1
6. 2. 2
1.
24 2. 728
6. 2. 3 1.
2. 706 3.
4.
6. 3 6. 3. 1 1. 3 000 0. 4 60 20 30 2. 1700
846 40 4 3. 20 80 1 8 000 15 49 1952 1271 1911 38 47
4. 503 1860 20 20 20 50 1 43
5. 806820 500 29 77 6. 1 13 000 25 0. 83 20 1. 2 10
80 7. 2 700 6 163 12 2. 25 10 72 3 000 3 000 72 1370 968 571 2 052
657 20 1 000 4 000 400 8.
6. 3. 2
6. 3. 3
1819 / / / / / / /
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
100 1.
2.
540 225 460 70 190 35
3. 20 30
84 10
7 7 7 13 10 4. 400 300 124
133 2000 11 5. 1988 3. 83 124. 1 154. 1 5 855. 8 2002 650 24 22 5 000 2002 1 /3 31 15 2005 810 35 15 + 1 3 + 1
1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 3 000
7
7. 1 Vitruvius 7. 1. 1
9 15 15 17 20 20
20 7. 1. 2
5. 45 42 50 43. 5 132 40 33. 7 58. 6 83. 5 5 42
17
7. 1. 3 1. 33. 5 12 10 18 600 60 18 13 13 221 100 6 350 l. 6
1928 2. 10 3 400 11 63. 93 37. 17 26. 92 8. 13 30 000 5 6 1 500
2 : 1 3. 11 18 11 5 5 000 30 17 15 10 9 7 1956 27 1 195
5 5 14 136 15 2 500 217 12 6 4 590 800 4. 1 000 9 4
58 60 51. 3 782 857 7. 1. 4 1.
28 12 12 12 12 2. 3.
4. 7. 2
7. 2. 1 1.
whole space 1 1.. 1995. 95
2.
1 2 3 1 2 3.. 2000. 225... 1986. 409... 1983. 36
7. 2. 2 1.
F. 1 1... 1983. 5
2.
7. 2. 3 3 115 1927 1929 19 20 40
1 700 69 400 20 70 20 80 2 1 000 600 1973
1. 2002 20 70 18
2.
7. 3 7. 3. 1 21 20 80 90 1995 20 1992
1997 3 1 2003 2004 1 19972002. 2003. 3
1 2000 21 2 2008 2004 55 1 2.. 2002. 117.. 2001. 206
2000 8 1 200 2000 2001 2 2004 4 2000 4 100 1 2. 20022004. 2003. 355.. 2001 8 47
9 3 000 900 100 14. 3% 12% 20012020 5 2003 3 21
1 20 1. 1. 20022004. 2003. 358359
2. 3. 2004 2003 7. 3. 2 2003 2003 9 13 10 6 2003
80% 90% 26 52 165 40 NDR 8 15 15 143 30 40 360 4 2 000 2003Channel Young Colin McDowell
90 100 400 APEC 2004 24 250 30 13 15 ATP WATP F1
1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 21 8. 2 3 21 1 2.. 2003. 58.. 2002. 125
20 1. 1860 133 2 3 20 20 30 72 20 90
2. SOHO 1912 1996 SOM 52 130 1997 21 21 Mall shoppingmall
Mall Mall 3. 32
4. 2001 2003
21 20
20 20
50 2002 HIGH 2003 2 28 2004 6 1 AC AC 2004 9 9 F1
1. 2. 3. 1. 7 2. 3. 4. 3 000
8
1 8. 1 1.. 1997. 138
8. 1. 1
1. 2.
3. 4. N M 8. 1. 2
1926 11 1929 8 5 375 40 392 700 70 158
8. 1. 3 1 1 70 10 1... 1987. 108
1 18400 183 118 67 20 90 2690 1550 1... 1984. 131
8. 1. 4 1 1.. 1979. 142
1 8. 2 O 1.. 1992. 71
8. 2. 1
1 1.. 1.. 1982. 112
9 66. 75 29. 31 1 956. 4 32 4 14. 3 1. 17
7654321 12345671 8. 2. 2
110
8. 2. 3 1.
1 2 3
4 2.
10 3. 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 9 7 9 6 7 6 9 9 5 10 11 10 5 8 8
9 9 10 5 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2003 6 SARS 2003 6 27 3 7 6 2 300 3 7 000 7 7 7 300 2 100 30 1. 2
4 42 60 G-Force 4. 5 96 40 360 4 11 2 Mega Drop 11 35 2 3 Top Buzz 36 20 150 3 Wild Mouse 32 360 17 11. 5 / The Beast
2002 11 22 Swing Ride Horse & carriage ride 4 Europa Wheel 31 110 7 3 3 000
2 35 5 11 59% 27% 8% 5% 29% 23% 17% 16% 8% 66% 63% 30 39 20 29 18% 4 8 5
30 39 13% 46% 41% 30 39 20 29 50% 60% 150 44% 100 200 70 70 2 000 40 40 40 Lent 40 Carnevale Carnevale Carnival 20 70 Carnivl Ash Wednesday 10 2 16 27 12 Travel and Travelers Carnival of Venice 2
2 10 40 100 7 1 29 6 27 10 1974 20 80 75 8 B. B. Q
BillySteven 5 70 1. 2. 1. 8 9 2. 3. 4 000
9 flow
20 70 flow aesthetic 9. 1 luò 1 1...
1 9. 1. 1 2 1 2... 1993. 10. 1844 -.. 1979. 77
1. 1 60 20 1... 1987. 25
1844-1 2 2. 1 2. 1844 -. 1979. 7980... 1978. 32
9. 1. 2 18801934
1 2 9. 1. 3 1 2.. 1987. 1 029
1 2 1 2.. 1979. 604613
1745 1860 2 1 1 2.. 1981. 606.. 1981. 608
9. 2
9. 2. 1
1 1.. 1996. 52
9. 2. 2
9. 2. 3
1 2 1 2.. 1979. 41.. 1987. 3334
9. 2. 4
21
9. 3 20 70 Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi flow peak experience peak performance flow 9. 3. 1
flow 1975 flow 1 1982 1990 flow S. E. Iso-Ahola 1980 flow 2 1 2... 2000. 21
21 1 J. Kelly Huizinga 1. 21.. 2000. 70
Sutton - Smith 1 social flow engagement social flow 2 flow 1 2000. 253256 2...... 2000. 32
1987 anti-flow 1 9. 3. 2 peak experience Flow 2 mind entropy mental chaos 1 2... 2000. 121137... 2000. 1
8 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 3. 3 aesthetic
aesthetic contemplation contemplation
flow flow flow To move or run smoothly with unbroken continuity as the manner characteristic of a fluid. The Colorado Rive rises in the Rockies and flows southwest into the Gulf of California. The term fluidmeans a substance that can flow. 1 stream flowfreelymove continuously and smoothly 1. 1983. 3 071
flow flow flow of hairarticles of dress etc. To hang loosely and gracefully a flowing tie hair flowing down her back The cape flowed from his shoulders. aesthetic flow 1. aesthetic of appreciation of the beautiful in natureartliterature having such appreciationhavingshowinggood taste in artetc. 1 1.. 1983. 156157
2. 1 2 social flow 3 3. Intersubjcetivity 4 1 2 3 4.. 1985. 406409.. 1982. 451... 2000. 33.. 1997. 878
1 aesthetic flow 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. flow aesthetic 10. 1. 1844 -. 1979. 121
1.. 1988 2.. 1987 3.. 2000 4.. 2003 5.. 1998 6.. 1992 7.. 1996 8.. 1990 9. 1844 -.. 1979 10.. 2002 11.. 2004 12.. 2002 13.. 1999 14... 1999 15.. 1986 16.. 1995 17.. 1986 18.. 1997 19.. 1995 20.. 2000 21.. 2000 22.. 2000 4 23.. 2000 4 24.. 2003 3
25.. 1985 26.. 1982 27.. 1996 28.. 1999 29.. 1997 30.. 1985 31.. 1979 32.. 1999 33.. 1987 34.. 1998 35... 1984 36.. 1996 37.. 1991 38.. 2000 1 39.. 1999 40.. 1998 41.. 2000 42.. 1999 43.. 1979 44 O... 3. 2000 45.. 2001 46.. 1999 47.. 1980 48.. 1998 49.. 1995 50... 1987 51.. 1999 52.. 1999 53.. 1993 54.. 2000 55.. 1997 56.. 2000
57.. 1999 58.. 1997 59.. 1990 60.. 1999 61... 2002 62. 1983 63. 1988 64... 2000 65... 2000 66. 1987.. 2000 67.. 1996
20 80 1990 90 1997 1999 2000
20 90 1994 1996 3941 2002
Aesthetic 1 flow 2 3 1 2 3 1 20
2002 2 3 2006-1 - 11