(CIP) /,. :,2004 ( ) ISBN 7-5331 - 3713-2.............TG24-64 CIP (2004)034609 : : 16 : 250002 : ( 0531) 2065109 : www.lkj.com.cn : sdkj @ jn- public.sd.c ninfo.net : : 16 : 250002 : ( 0531) 2020432 : : 56 : 250001 : ( 0531) 2059512 :850mm1168mm 1/ 32 :9.375 :203 :2004 5 1 1 :1-4000 ISBN 7-5331 - 3713-2 :16.00 TH45
,,,,,, ( 5 ), ( 4 ),,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 17,,,
/ 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5 / 5 / 15 / 38 / 38 / 49 / 56 ()/ 59 / 59 / 60 / 61 / 63 / 64 / 67 / 67 / 68
2 / 75, / 80 / 84 ()/ 93 / 93 ( )/ 97 ( )/ 99 / 101 ( )/ 102 / 105 / 105 / 107 / 112 / 116 / 118 ()/ 122 / 122 / 124 / 126 / 128 / 134 ()/ 137 / 137 / 139 / 141 / 144
3 / 147 / 147 / 148 / 150 / 151 / 153 / 154 / 156 / 159 / 159 / 172 / 174 / 176 / 179 / 179 / 180 / 184 / 190 / 194 / 201 / 201 / 207 / 210 / 214 / 215 / 224 / 239
4 / 239 / 243 / 247 / 252 / 252 / 254 / 259 / 262 / 266 / 268 / 268 / 273 / 277 / 279 / 282 / 285
1 1. 2.,, 40% 90%, 50% 70%, 85%,,, 5000,
2 3000,,,,,,, (1-1) 1-1 ( 1-2 ) 10,
3, 11,,, 14,, 15 987 6 3 5,,, 4,, 1-2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1.,?
4?,, 3.
5 1., 2.,,, 1. :, 2-1,,,, 2. :,,,,
6 3. :, (1) :, (2-2) 2-2 : ( 2-3 ) 2-3
7 (2-4) :, 2-4 (3): 2-5, 4. : (1 ) (2 ) 2-5 1. 2., ;,
8 ;, (3),, (4),,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2-6 ), : 1. : (2-7 ), ( ),
9 2-7 2. : ( 2-8 ) ;, 2-8 3. : ( 2-9 ),,, 4. :, ( 2-10),, 2-9
10 :, ( 2-11),,,, 28mm, 2-10 2-11 6. : ( 2-12), ;, 7. :, (2-13) 2-12 2-13 8. : (2-14) 9. : (2-15) 10.: (2-16),
11 2-15 2-16 11. : (2-17 ),,, 2-17,,,,, 12. :, (2-18) 13. : 2-19,, 2-18 2-19 ( ),
12 1. :,,, ( 2-20 ), 2. :, ( 2-21 ), 2-20 1. 2. 3. 2-21 3. :, (2-22) 4. : (2-23) 5.:, ( 2-24), 2-22 2-23 2-24
13 :, ( 2-25),, 2-25 7. :, 30 (2-26 ), 8. :,, (2-27), 1. : ( 2-28 ), 1 000mm 2 000mm,, 2-26 2-27 2-28
14 : ( 2-29 ),1 000mm,,, 2-29 3.:, 2-30, 1/ 3 4.: (2-31) 2-30 2-31 5. : (2-32),, 6.: 2-33, ( ), 7080; 8590 A B C A ; B ; C
15 2-32 2-33 1. 2. 3., : 1.,(2-34) 2.,,, ( ) (2-35) 2-34 2-35 36) 3., ( 2 -
16 (2-37 ) 2-36 2-37 38) 5. ( 2-6., (2-39) 2-38 2-39 7., (2-40) 8. ( ) (2-41 ) 9. (2-42 )
17 2-41 10. ( ), (2-43) 2-42 2-43 11. ( 2-44 ) 12., (2-45) 2-44 2-45
18, (2-46 ), 14. 15., 16.,, 17.,, ( ) 18., (2-47) 2-46 2-47 19., ( 2-48) 20., (2-49) 21., (2-502 - 51) 22.,, ( 2-52) (2-53)
19 2-49 2-50 2-51 2-52 2-53,,,, : 1.,, (2-54 ) 2. 3.,
20,,, (2-552 - 56),,,,,,, 2-55 2-56 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 4. 30100mm,,,,,
21 ( 2-57) 2-57,,,, 2060mm( 2-58),,,,, 2-58
22,, : 1. :,,,,, : (1)( ), (2), (2-59) (3), 2-59 2.:,, ( 2-60 ),, ( 2-61),,,,
23 2-61 3. : (1), 2040mm,,,,,,, (2-62) (2),,,, 2-62 1. 2. (3),, 100mm ;, 150 200mm,, (2-63)
24,,,,,,,,, ( 2-64) 2-63 A B 2-64 1. 2.,, :,,,, 1 600 1 300, 7 000
25,,,, : 1. :, ( 2-65 ), : (1), (2-66) 2-65 2-66 (2), 2 8mm (3), 45 (4) 510mm,,, ;,, (5),,,,
26,,,,,, 2. :,,,, (2-67), 2-68, 2-67 1. 2. 2-68 1. 2. 3. 3. :,,,,,,,, (2-69), : 1. (2-70 ),,
27 2-70 2., ( 2-71 ) ; ; ; ( ) ; ( ),
28,,, ;,,, : 1.,, 2.,,,,, 3., 2-72,,, 2-71 1. 2. 3. 2-72 :
29,,, (2-73),,, 2.,,, (2-742 - 75),, 2-73 2-74 2-75,,,,,,, (2-76),,
30 2-77 ), 2-76 2-77 1. 2. 3.,,, 1. : (1) :, ; ( ),, (2-78)
31 (2) : (3) :, (2-79) 2-79 (4) ( ) :,, () (2-80) (5) : (2-81) (6 ) : ( 2-82 ) (7) :,, 12mm,, (2-83) 2.:
32 2-81 2-82 2-83 (1),
33 (2), ( ),, (2-84) (3),,,, (2-85) 2-85 (4), (2-86 ), ( 2-87) 2-86 2-87
34,,,,, (2-88) 1. : 2-88 (1),,, 2-89(a) (e) (2) 12mm,,, 2-89 2.: (1 ) 50 200mm, 25 100mm (2),
35,, ( ),,,,,,,, 30%,,, (2-90),, ;, (2-91) : 2-90 1. 2. 3. 4. 2-91
36,, 2., ( )( 2-92) 2-92 3., 4., 5.,,,,,,,,
37 1.,, 2., 3.,,, 4., 1.,? 2.,,? 3.,,, 4.??
38 1. 2. 3. 1 400,,,, 30/ 50100/ 200, SiO2 80%,, 3-1, 3-3, 3-1
39 1 500,, SiO2 94%, 1S 2S 3S, 20/ 4050/ 100 (3-3), 1 200, 700800,, 1,, 70/ 140140/ 270, 3-4, 3-4 : ; ; 3-1 ( % ) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO + MgO ( ) 4S50/ 100 ( ) 2SC70/ 140 ( ) 90.62 4.70 0.57 0.27 1 350 ( ) 87.80 7.10 0.87 0.48 1 250 ( ) 4S40/ 70 ( ) 1SC30/ 50 ( ) 95.0 2.66 0.54 0.13 1 450 96.20 1.90 0.57 0.14 1 300 ( ) 1SC50/ 100 ( ), ( )
40 ( % ) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO + MgO ( ) 4S30/ 50 ( ) 1SC70/ 140 ( ) 96.01 2.27 0.52 0.16 1 350 ( ) 89.96 6.55 0.51 0.36 1 300 ( ) 3S40/ 70 ( ) 4S50/ 100 ( ) 94.54 2.78 0.50 0.13 1 350 ( ) 1SC70/ 140 ( 93.54 3.76 0.51 0.19 1 350 ) ( ) 2 N140/ 270 ( 1 N140/ 270 ( ) 87.80 5.45 1.14 0.92 1 250 ), ( ), ( ) 2SC70/ 140 F ( ) 80.66 11.09 1.04 1.04 ( ) 1 N140/ 270 ( ), 1 N100/ 200 ( ) 76.13 9.10 1.80 2.37 1 100 ( ), 1SC40/ 70 ( ) 80.82 5.90 1.30 0.38 1 300 1SC100/ 200 ( ), ( ) 3S20/ 40 ( ) 95.08 1.60 0.58 0.34 1 400 ( ) 4S70/ 140 ( ) 96.0 2.97 1.23 0.32 ( ) 2 N70/ 140F ( ) 77.00 10.40 1.20 0.76 1 200 ( ) 1SC50/ 100 ( ) 91.70 4.35 0.80 0.15 1 300 ( )
41 ( % ) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO + MgO ( ) 1S12/ 30 ( ) 2S20/ 40( ) 98.84 0.25 0.47 > 1 500 3S20/ 40 ( ), ( ) 1S20/ 40 ( ) 98.92 0.11 0.63 1 550 1S40/ 70( ), ( ) 1S59/ 100 ( ) 95.86 2.4 0.38 0.04 1 450 ( ) 2 N100/ 200 ( ) 83.70 7.50 4.31 3.96 1 250 ( ) 2SC30/ 50 ( ) 84.61 8.85 0.72 1.02 ( ) 1 655 4S50/ 100 ( 1SC70/ 140 ( ) 88.9 4.58 0.62 0.58 ) 1SC100/ 50 ( 1 685 ), ( ) 2 N70/ 140 ( ) 76.80 13.9 1.5 1.53 1 460 1S100/ 50 ( ) 86.85 6.03 1.43 0.75 1 320 1SC70/ 140 ( ), ( ) 2S70/ 140 ( ) 96.15 1.66 0.38 0.41 1 460 ( ) 1 N140/ 270 ( ) 78.04 11.12 3.07 1.04 1 160 ( ) 1S70/ 140 ( ) 97.16 0.85 0.67 0.27 1 730 ( ) 1 N100/ 200 ( ) 92.52 2.40 1.97 0.18 1 690 ( ) 1 N70/ 140 ( ) 84.27 8.9 0.66
42 ( % ) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO + MgO ( ) 1 N50/ 100 78 80 10.05 1.5 1.30 1 470 1 510 1S70/ 140 98 99 1S70/ 40 ( ) 98.48 0.35 0.157 0.38 2 N70/ 140F ( ) 90.60 4.05 2.029 0.24 3-2 ( % ) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO + MgO ( ) 1S12/ 20( ) 1S6/ 12 ( ) 1S20/ 40 ( ) 98.33 0.57 0.54 0.09 > 1 550 1S50/ 100 ( ), ( ) 3S12/ 20( ) 1S6/ 12 ( ) 1S20/ 40 ( ) 98.90 0.25 0.35 > 1 550 1S40/ 70 ( ) 1S12/ 20 ( ), ( ) 1S12/ 20( ) 1S6/ 12 ( ) 1S20/ 40 ( ) 97.31 1.58 0.43 0.03 > 1 550 1S40/ 70 ( ) 1S100/ 200 ( ), 1S12/ 20( ) 1S6/ 12 ( ) 1S20/ 40 ( ) 98.23 0.81 0.53 0.03 > 1 550 1S50/ 100F( ) 1S100/ 200F ( ),
43 ( % ) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO + MgO ( ) 1S6/ 12 ( ) 1S12/ 20 ( ) 1S20/ 40 ( ) 4S6/ 97.99 0.81 0.41 0.09 > 1 550 12, ( ) 3S12/ 30( ) 2S12/ 20 ( ) 98.13 0.32 0.79 0.03 1 500 2S40/ 70 ( ) 1S40/ 70F ( ), ( ) 1S50/ 100 ( ) 1S12/ 20 ( ) 1S40/ 70 ( ) 98.87 0.46 0.29 1 500 ( ) 3S20/ 40( ) 98.0 0.63 0.56 0.07 > 1 550 1S40/ 70 ( ), ( ) 97.19 0.71 1.19 0.03 1 550 ( ) 1S30/ 50 ( ) 98.61 0.34 0.46 0.04 1 550 2S40/ 70( ), ( ) 1S12/ 30 ( ) 98.09 0.138 S0/ 30 100/ 50 100/ 200, 1 730 ( ) 3S12/ 20 94.04 0.57 1S20/ 40 ( ) 98.35 0.58 0.37 0.05 > 1 550 ( )
44 1. 2. 3. 3-3 ( mm) ( mm) 6 3.36 12 1.68 20 0.84 30 0.59 40 0.42 50 0.297 70 0.21 100 0.149 140 0.105 200 0.075 270 0.053 2 1.42 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.40 1.02 0.69 0.62 0.33 0.25 0.188 014 0.102 0.074 0.053 0.041
45 200kg 200kg 500kg 20kg 360kg S50/ 100, S100/ 50, S70/ 140 S40/ 70, S70/ 40, S50/ 100 S20/ 40S50/ 100, S70/ 40, S50/ 100 1N70/ 140, 2N100/ 200, SC70/ 140 2N70/ 140,1N50/ 100, SC50/ 100, SC70/ 140 SC12/ 30SC30/ 50, S12/ 30S30/ 50 200kg SC20/ 40 SC50/ 100, S20/ 40 S50/ 100 SC20/ 40SC40/ 70, S20/ 40S40/ 70 2N200/ 270 2N70/ 140 2N100/ 200, SC70/ 140 SC100/ 200 2N100/ 200, 2N140/ 270,2N70/ 140 SC50/ 100SC70/ 140 ZN200/ 270
46,,,,,, Al2 O3nSiO2xH2 O, 1. : 3-5 2.:,, : Al2O34SiO2nH2O, P, PCa PNa 3-6,,, 24,, (1 250 1 350),,,,,, (Na2CO3 ) ( NaOH) (NaCl),,,,,,,,,,,
49,, 3-2 3-2,, : : :,,,,,,,,,,,
50,,,,, () 75% 80%,,, (3-4 ) ( ) 1.:, : ; ;,, 10% 20%,,,,,,, 300500kg (1) :,,,,
51,, 3-7, (2) : : + + + 13min + 38min,,,,,, 3-7 (%)( ) (kg) (mm) (%) ( 10 5 Pa) (%) 20 10 10 8 10 25 35 0.30 0.50 4.0 5.5 78 59 20 38 2 3 96.5 94.5 3 5 0.5 20 100 200 1000 >10 15 8 10 30 50 0.30 0.50 4.0 5.5 78 59 20 38 2 3 96.5 94.5 3 5 0.5 25 15 7 10 40 60 0.30 0.50 4.0 6.5 75 45 22 51 3 4 94.3 92.3 5 7 0.7 >25 21 8 10 50 70 0.30 0.50 4.0 6.5 75 45 21 50 4 5 93.2 89.2 6 10 0.8 40 21 9 11 60 80 0.40 0.60 4.5 6.0 70 40 26 55 4 5 91.0 86.8 8 12 1.0 1.2 >40 21 10 12 70 100 0.45 0.70 4.5 6.5 70 40 25 50 5 8 88.8 83.5 10 15 1.2 1.5 30 50 21 11 13 100 200 0.50 0.80 5.0 7.0 60 40 34 52 6 8 30 1000 5000 >50 30 12 14 100 180 0.60 0.80 6.0 7.0 60 40 34 52 6 8 42
52 :,,,, (1) :,,,, () : :, 100150, 30 42 60 : 93 () :, (),,,,, :, ( ) 0.5% 2%, 10% 20%,,,,,, () (2) () : 3-8 (), (3) () : ( ) : + + + ( ) 23min 512min
53 ( ) ( % ) ( ) (10 5 Pa) (10 5 Pa) 60 2030 6570 24 1.53 7.59 > 100 0.550.75 23 42 60 2530 70 10 1.5 23 0.6 910 > 70 0.40.5 42 2030 5878 35 24 8.510 > 100 0.50.7 1.52.5 60 2530 70 11 1.5 0.3 1 9.5 > 70 0.450.55 10.5 85 1617 6671 1218 7.59 > 80 0.60.9 > 0.8 85 1917 6258 914 7.59 > 80 0.60.9 > 0.8 1011 5255 1520 2423 2830 810 > 80 0.60.9 > 0.8 1518 1113 0.61 > 0.8 6158, 1.: (1% 3% ),,,,,,, (1) :,
54 0.05)10 5 ( Pa),,, 3-9, 3-9 ( % ) ( % ) ( 10 5 Pa ) ZGS96-21 95.2 50 50 1.2 3.2 2.43.0 90 810 1 0.5 3 65 90 915 50 50 0.5 1 3 0.6 70 110 813 ZGS96-2115 100 1.8 1.67 1.62.0 1619 ZGS96-21 100 2.53 2.54.0 180 10 ZGS96-21 90 3 ZGS75-10 10 46 100 8 ZGS96-42 40 ZGS96-30 60 4 45 56 1 4 5.5 50 812 ZGS96-30 90 ZGS96-10 10 1.2 2.43.0 110 68 ZGS93-21 96.8 0.65 2.6 2.43.0 110 68 (2) : : + ( ) + + 23min
55 3min + 5min 2. :,,,, (1) : 3-10, 3-10 ( % ) (10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 P a) 21 100 3.0 1.3 1.0 0.09 3.2 1.5 1.5 0.12 21 100 4 2 3 0.17 0.19 1216 25 > 120 2.7 3.3 ( 0. 4 % ) 60 21 30 47.4 47.4 1.46 0.6 0.035 23 0.5 0.055 114 110 11.5 21 100 2.0 2.4 0.26 0.32 30 100 3 1.5 1 1 > 12 > 200 ( ) :, ( ) (),,,
56 0.5%,,, (2) : + ( ) 23min + () + () 23min 814min (),,,,, ( ), 200, ; 250,,,,,,,, 1.41.45, 1.31.35,
57 3-11 3-11 ( % ) 1 94 5 1 1.31.5 2 45 35 4 16 1.31.5 3 80 20 2 1.31.5 4 95 5 58 1.31.5 5 70 30 6 1.31.5 6 90 93 57.5 1.53 1.351.45, 10min, ( 8h ),,,,, l00kg 40ml 1.? SiO2 2.
58,
59 ( ) () 1. 2. 3.,,,, 2-34 2-52,,,,
60 ( ),, ( ),,,,, 4-1 4-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. ( ),, 4-1 (a) 2.,,, (
61 ( ),,,,, 4-1 ( a) ( b) 3.,, 4-1 (d) 4. ( ) 4-1(e)4-1( f) 1., 2. 3.,,,,,,,,, 4-2 (a),, 4-2( b),,,,
62,, ( 4-3 ) 4-3
63 ( ) 1. 2.,,,,,, ;,,,, 4-4(a),,, 4-4 (b) 4-4 1. 2. 3.,, 4 -
64 a), 4-5 1., 2., 3.,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( 4-6)
( ) 65 4-7,, 4-7 1.,, 2., 3.,,, 4-7 ( a),,
66 1.? 2.,?
67 1. 2. 3.,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,
68,,, 5-1, ( ),, ; (5-2 5-8 )
69 1. 2. 3. 4. 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6
70 5-8 (5-9),,, 1518mm, 100200mm,,, ( 5-10) 5-9 5-10
71,,,,,, 1. ( 5-11) :,,,,,, 5-11 1. 2. 3. 5-12 1. 2. 3.
72 ( 5-12) :,,,,,,, 3. ( 5-13 ) :,,,,, 5-13,,, 4. :,,,,,,,, 5-14,,
73,,,,,,, 5-14,,,, ( 2060mm),,,, L5 h,, 75mm(5-15 ),,,
74 1. 2. 3. 4. 5-16
75, ( 5-16), 90 90 ( ), 90 ( ) (5-17),,, 1.5, 2 4mm ( 5-18 ),, 5-17 5-18,
76 1. : (5-19 ), ( 5-20), ; ( 5-21 ) ; ( 5-22) 5-19,, 36mm 5-20 2.:, ( 5-23),,,,,
77 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5-22 1. 2.,,,, 5-23 5-24 (1) :,,, ( 5-24 ),,
78 :,,,, (5-25) 5-25 1. 2. 2. 4. 5-26 (3) : ( 5-26),,,,, (4): (5-27), 5-27,,
79,, ;, ;, ; 1. :, F, F F F,,,,,, 2. :,,, 3. :,, : G= m G t ( kg) : G ( kg) ; G ( kg) ; t ( s ) ; m, 5-6
80 m ( kg) m 100 3 101500 4 5011 000 6 1 0015 000 7.5 5 001 50 000 8,,,,, 1. : (5-28),, d, h2, 5-28
81 d,, ;,, T, 5-8 d T, d, d 5-8 d T HT 15-33 0. 6 HT 20-40 HT 25-47 0.75 HT 30-54 0.80 HT 30-54 0.85 D = 2 d H = ( 34 ) d h 1 = 1.2 d h 2 = 0.2 d R 1 = 0.75 d R 2 = 0.5 d 2.:,,,, 1. ( 5-29 ), : D = ( 1.22.0) T H = (1.22.5) D
82 S= (1.00.9) S L = (0.30.35) D h = (0.30.4) D : D ( mm) ; T (mm) ; H ( mm) ; S (mm 2 ) ; S ( mm 2 ) ; L (mm) (1) :, (2) : ( ), ( ) ;, ; ; ; ;, ( 4.6% 4.7% ) 2. : 1. :
83, 2. : 5-9 ( mm ) D = 1.2 T H = ( 1.52 ) T h = 58 D = ( 1.3 1.5 ) T H2 T h = 58 D = ( 1.2 1.5 ) T H = ( 1.5 2.5 ) D : D = ( 1.22 ) T H = ( 1.22 ) D h = 58 25mm 20mm,,
84,,, 100mm,,,, : 1.,,, 2.,, 3.,,,,,, 100mm, 1. :
85 [ 5-30(a) (b ) (c) ], [ 5-30 ( d ) ( e) ], [ 5-30(a) ( b) (c) ] 5-30, ( ),, 5-10 6 7 8,,, 2. : 5-10 3.: 5-11 : (1), (2), (3)150mm,,
86 80mm, 4050mm,, (5) 45,, (6),,, 10 15mm 5-10 ( mm ) 1 d = ( 0.3 0.8 ) T d = ( 0.3 0.5 ) T 2 B = ( 0.4 0.8 ) a L = ( 2.0 3.0 ) b 3 B = ( 0.4 1.0 ) T 4 B = ( 0.3 0.6 ) T L = ( 1.0 3.0 ) T
87 ( mm ) 5 B = ( 0.5 0.7 ) T 6 B = ( 1.0 1.4 ) T = 2030 ( ) 7 B = ( 0.8 1.2 ) T 10 8 B = 0.5 T 10 :1. 4 B H, l < 150mm, L l 2. 5 b, 200 250mm, 3. : T ; B ;
88 : (a ), 1 ( b), (c ), 2 :,, 3,, ( ) 4 ( ),,
89 5, (7), (8),,, 5-31 ( a),,,, 5-32(a) 5-31 1. 2. 5-32 1. 2. 3.,,,,,
90 1. :, 6 30mm,,,, ( 5-33 ), 5-33,, 0.24% 0.45%, 0.10% 0.20%,,,, 2. : :,,
91, ;,,,, 5-12 5-12 ( : mm ) 12 16 20 30 40 50 60 90 34 58 812 1215 15 20 2025 2530 3540, 1/ 31/ 4,, ( )5% 7%, 8% 10%, 530mm 3. : 5-13,,,, 34h,,, 5-13 1,, ; 2, ;,,
92 3,, 4,, 5,,, 1.,? 2.? 3.?,?? 4.???
93 ( ) () 1. 2. 3. 6-1, HT150,,,,,,,, ( 6-2),,,,,
94 : 6-1 1.,, 2.,, 3., 6-2, 1. 2. 3. 4., ;,, 5.,, 6.,,, 7.,,,
( ) 95,,, :,,,,,,,, 6-3, 3 6-3 1. 2. 3.,,,, ( ), : 1.,
96 6-4(a),, 2. 180,,, ( b) 3.,,, ( c) ( d) 4.,,, ( e) 6-4 5., ;,,,, 6-5,, 6-5
97 ( ),,,, ( ) 6-6, HT150,,,, (6-7),,, 6-6
98 1.,, 6-8, 6-7 1. 2. 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,, 6-8 1. 2. 6-9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,,,
99 ( ) ( 6-9),, 7.,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 6-10, HT150,, 25mm,,,,,,,, 6-11,,, 1., ;,,,
100 6-11 1. 2. 3. 2.,,,, 3.,,,, 4., ; 5.,,,,, 6.,,,
101 ( ) 6-12 6-12, HT200,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,,
102,, 5.,, 6.,,, ( ),,,,,,, 6-13, HT150,,,,,,, 1., 2.,,,, 3.,,,,
( ) 103 4.,,,, 5.,,, 6.,,
104,,, 8.,,,, 1.? 2.,? 3.,??
105 1. 2. 3.,, (7-1 2),, 7-1 1, 1,
106 7-1 1. 2. 3.,,, 7-1 3,
107,, 1. :,, 7-2 2 2. :, 7-2 1. 2., 3. :,,,,,, 4. :,, 1. : (1) :,,
108 :,, (3) :,, (7-3) (4) :,,, 2.: 7-3 1. 2. (1) :,,, 7-1 7-1 ( : mm ) < 100100 1.0 1.5 300 300400400 3. 55.0 100100200 200 1.5 2.5 400 400600600 5.010.0 200200300 300 2.0 3.5 (2) :,, 7 -
109 2 (3) :,,,,,,,, ( 7-4 ) 7-4 (a), (b) 7-4 1. 2. 3., ( 7 -
110,,,,,, 7-5 (b), 7-5 3.:, (1) :,,,,, 7-2 7-2 ( : mm ) ( ) ( ) < 300300 1525 1 0001 0001 5001 500 30 50 300300500500 2030 1 5001 5002 0002 000 40 60 500500 1 0001 000 2540 2 0002 0002 5002 500 50 70 (2) :,
111, 320mm 7-3 ( : mm) < 100 100 200 200500 5001 500 > 1 500 < 500 500 2520 25 20 3025 4535 5540 5005001 0001 000 3025 30 25 3025 4535 5540 1 0001 000 1 500 1 500 3025 45 35 4535 4535 5540 1 5001 500 2 500 2 500 4530 45 30 4535 5540 7050 > 2 500 2 500 4530 45 35 5540 5540 7050 (3) : 7-4 (4) :,, 7-5 7-4 ( : mm ) < 300 10 15 500800 2525 300500 15 20 8001 200 2530 7-5 ( : mm ) < 100 100 200 200500 5001 500 > 1 500 < 500 500 3 5 8 8 12 5005001 0001 000 8 8 10 12 12 1 0001 000 1 500 1 500 8 8 12 12 15 1 5001 500 2 500 2 500 8 12 12 15 15 > 2 500 2 500 12 12 15 15 25
112,,,,,, 7-6, (a), ; ( b) : 1.,, 10 20mm 2. 3. ( ),,, 7-6 1. 2. 3. 4.,
113,,,, 180,, 6.,, 1. : (1),, 7-7 (a) (2),, 7-7( b) (3 ) 50mm, ( 56mm),, 7-7(c) (4),,, 7-7 (d) (5),,,, 7-7(e) (6), 7-7(f),, (7),, 2.: (1),, (2), ( ),,
114 1. 2. 3. 4. (3),, (4),, (5),,,, (6),, 180,,,, 7-8, (a ), ( b)
115, 7-9 7-9 1. 2. 3.
116,,,,,, 7-9(c),,, : 1.,,, 2.,, 3.,,, 4.,,,,,, 5.,,, 6.,,,,,, 1., 2.,
117, 4.,,,,,, (410.20.3),,,,, 7-10, 7-11, 7-12, 7-10 1. 2. 7-11 1. 2.
118 1. 2. 3. 4. 7-13 1. 2. 3.,,,,,, 7-13 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
119 7-14,, 7-14 3 7-14 1. 2. 3.,,,, 7-15 7-15 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
120,,, 7-15( a),,,,, ( b),, 180,,, 7-15 (c ),,,,, 7-16,,,,, 7-16 ( a ) 180,,,, 7-16 1. 2. 3.,,,, 3-6 ( ),,,,,
121, 100,,, : 1. 23s,, 2.,,, 3.,,, 1.,, 2.? 3.?
122 () 1. 2. 3.,, 1.( ) : (8-1) 2.( ) : (8-2) 8-1 8-2
( ) 123, 3.: ( 8-3), 8-3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.,,, 4. :,,, ( 8-4 ) 8-4 1.,, ;, ;,,
124 10mm,, ;,,,, 2., 3.,, 4.,, 5.,,,, 8-5 8-5,,,
( ) 125,,, : 8-6, 1., 2. ( ),,,,,, 3.,, 4. 180,,,, 5.,, 8-6 ( c) 8-6 ( d) 8-6,,, ( ),,, (8-7)
126,,, 8-8, 8-8, 8-9,,,, 8-9 (a),,, ( b)
( ) 127 1. 2. 3. 4. 5., 1.,,,, (8-10) 8-10 8-11 2.,,, ( 8-11) 3., 180,, 4.,,,,,,,
128 ( 8-12) 5.,, 6. 180, 7.,,, (8-13) 8-13 1. 2. 3.,,,,,,,,
( ) 129 ),,,,,,,, : 1. ( ) :, (1) :,,, 0.51mm, 8-14,, 1 2mm,,,, (2) :,, ( 8-15 ),, 2. :, 8-16 (a),,,,,, ( b)
130 8-15 8-16 3. ( ) :, 8-17, 4. : 8-17,,,, 8-18
( ) 131,,, 5. :,, 8-19, 8-19,,,, 8-20,, ; 8-21,,, 8-20 8-21
132 1., 2.,,,, 8-22 8-22 8-23 3.,, 4., ( ), 8-23, 5.,,, (, ),,, 8-24
( ) 133 1. 2. 3.,, 8-25 8-25 (a), ( b),,,,
134, (c),,,,,,,, ( 8-26 ),, 8-26 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8-27 1. 2. 3.
( ) 135,,,,, 8-27,,,,,,, 8-28 266,, 8-28 266 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
136?? 2.,? 3.? 4.??
137 ( ) () 1. 2. 3. 9-1,,,, 420mm280mm50mm,,,, HT150, 320mm,,, 40mm,,
138 : 2.4cm 2 2, 9-1 1. 2.,,,,,, 3.,,,, 4.,,
139 ( ),,,, 9-2, 250mm60mm, HT200,,,,, 9-2
140,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,,, 5.,,, 6.,,, 9-3, 4
141 ( ),,,,, 9-4,,,,,,,, HT150, 9-4
142,,,, 9-5 9-5 1.,,
( ) 143 > 100,,,, 9-7 2., 3.,,,,, 4., 9-7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
144,,,,,, 9-8,,,, HT150,,, 9-8,,,,,
( ) 145,,, 9-9 9-9 1., ( ) 2.,,,,
146, 4.,,, 1.?? 2.,,? 3.?? 4.,??
147 1., 2. 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
148,,,, 50100mm, 80120mm,,,, 1020mm,,, 10-1,, 1.,,,, 100150mm 2., ( ), 50mm, 10-1(a) 3.,,,,, 10-1 ( b ),, 10-1( c),,
149 4.,,, 10-1 5., :,,, 10-1( d) ( e),,,,,
150, 10-2 10-2 1 2. 3.,,,,,,,,, 10-3 10-3, 1. 50100mm
151,,, 3., 4.,,,,, 5.,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,,, : 1.,, 2.,,,, 10-4 7-37 - 2
152 3.,, 4., 1. 2. 3. : (1),, (2), (3),,,,,,, 7-4,
153 14,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10-5, : 10-5 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. ( ), 300500mm, 2., 100mm (10-6),,, ( 10-6) 3.,, 70100mm,
154,,,, 200mm 4., 58mm, 30mm 5.,,,,,,,,, : (10-6 ),,,,,,,,,,,,
155 10-7,,, ( ),,,,,,, 10-6 1. 2. 10-7 1. 2.,,,, : A ; B,,,
156
157,,,, 10-8 10-9, : 1., 80100mm,, ( ) 2.5,,, 3. 1 2 3 4,, 4. 1 5, 15mm, 2, 1 1 5. 3 4 6.2,,, 7.3 4, 8., 9., 1.? 2.,,? 3.? 4.,?
159 1. 2. 3.,, 1. : (11-1) AB CD EA B C D E,
160 11-2,,,,,,, 1 2mm, 11-2 3,,,,, 11-2(a) ( b) 11-2 1. 2. 3. 4.
161,,,,, 11-2 4,, ( ),, 11-2( b) 2.: (1) : ( 11-3 ) 11-3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. :,,,,,
162,,,,,,,,,, (2) :, ( 11-4 ),, 11-4 1. 2. 3. 4., 5. 6.,,,,,,,, (11-5),, ( 11-6) ; ( 11-7 ),
163 1. 2. 3. 11-6 1. 2. 3. 4. 11-7 1. 2. 3. 4.
164 : (1),, (2) (3),,, (4),,,,,, ( ), 1. : (1) : 11-8,,,,, 11-8( a), 510mm ( ) ( ), 11-8(b),,,,, ( ), ( )
165 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (2) :,,,,,, 10mm,, (3) :,,,,,,,,
166, 11-9 11-9 1. 2. 3. 4. (4) :,,,,,,,,, 2. :,
167 11-10,, 11-10 ( 1 ) :, ( ),,, 11-11, 1. 2. (11-11) (2) :,,,,,, ( ), :, 510mm, ( 11-12 ), :
168, ( ), 5mm,,, (3 ) : 11-12, 1. 2.,, (11-13),, 1. 2. 3. 3. :,,,
169, R, S n :, S = 2 Rsin n S = 2 Rsin n = 2 Rsin 180 6 = R (11-1),,, 11-1 11-1 n ( S ) ( n ) ( S) 3 1. 732 R 7 0.868 R 4 1. 414 R 8 0.765 R 5 1. 176 R 9 0.684 R 6 1. 000 R 10 0.618 R, R,,, R 100mm, S 141mm,,, ( 11-14)
170 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1. : (1):, (2) :,, 23mm (3) : 2.: (1),,,,, 1/ 3, 1/ 3 2/ 3,,
171 7mm, 2530mm (2),, : ; (3),,,,, (4),,,, 5mm (5),,,, 3.: (1) ( ),,,, 300mm, 100mm, 100mm 300mm (2),,, (3),,, 4. :,, 1012mm, 25 80mm (,, ),,,,,,
172,,,,,, ( ),,, 1. : 11-15 (a), 11-15 ( b) 1, 11-15 ( b )3 ( 11-15 1) (1) :,,,,,,,,,,,,
173 1. 2. 3. (2) :,, :,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,,, 2. : 11-16( a),,,,,
174 1. 2. 3. (1) 2030mm (2) (3), (4),, 11-16( b),, (5), (6 ), (, ) 11-17 1. :, 2. : (1),,
175 : 2cm 2
176,, (3), (4) (5),,, (510mm ), (6), (7), (8), (9),,,, 11-18, 11-18 1. 2. 3. 4.
177, 11-18( b)1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 1.,,, 2. ( ) ( ), 3., 1, 11-19 ( a)( ) 11-19
178,,,,,,,, 2 11-19( b) 5., 3 ( ) 6.,,,,, 7.,,,, 8., 3 11-19 (c)( ), 9. 4 11-19( d)(), 1.?? 2.?? 3.?
179 1. 2. 3.,,,,,,,,, 12mm( 2-83 ), 12mm,
180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
181, : 1., ;, 12mm 2-83( c), 2.,,,,, 3.,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,,
182 2.,, 12-1 ( b) 2 000kg 60, 1 000kg 1 150kg 12-1 ;120, 2 000kg;,, 60, 3., ( ), 12-2 (a),,,,, 12-2 (b ) 12-2 4.,,, 12-3(a) 5.,
183, 12-4 12-4 6.,, 12-5 (a), 12-5 7.,, 12-612 - 6 (a ) ; 12-6 (b ) 8.,,,
184 9., () 10.,, 11.,, ; 12.,,, 13. 1.5m,, 510cm,,,,,, 14., 36V 15.,,,,,
185, 1. :,,, 12-7,,, 2. :, 12-7 1. 2. 3. (1) 4. :,,,,,, 12-8 (2) :,,,,
186 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. ;,,,,,, 12-1
187 ( : mm ) 50 250 150 100 3050 100 300 200 150 50 100 150 350 250 200 100150 2. : (1) :,,,,,,,,,,, (2) :,,,,, (3) :,,,,, 12-9
188 1.:,, 12-2 12-2 ( ) ( ) 150 175 150 175 175 180 160 180 200 160 180 220 240 200 220 200 240 200 220 220 250 210 240 300 350 250 300 350 450 350 400 450 550 400 450 :,, 80
189 :,, 12-3 12-4 12-3 (m 3 ) ( m3 ) 0.001 12 23 0.0250.05 45 89 0.0010.015 23 45 0.050.1 56 1011 0.0150.025 34 67 0.1 0.15 67 1214 12-4 ( m ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( h) ( h ) ( h) ( h ) ( h) ( h) ( h) 0.50.6 1.20.8 400 45 68 180 1/ 2 450 67 812 200 1/ 2 400 8 1.20.9 32 400 67 812 200 11 1/ 4 450 78 1620 250 1 1/ 2 400 12 3.52 5.54 450 89 1624 200 11/ 22 500 89 1824 250 11/ 2 450 24 53.5 5.54 450 1011 2436 200 24 500 1011 2436 250 24 450 36 5.54 450 1215 3648 200 38 500 1215 3648 250 68 450 48
190,, 1. :,,,,,, 2.: 3.:,, ;,,, 1.:,,,, 2. :,
191, 1 2mm,,, 12-10, 3 1, 1. 2. 3. 2,,, 1. : ( ) 2.:,, 12-11,, 1,, ;,,, 12-11 3. : 12-12, 1. 2.
192, 1,, ( a) ; ( b) 12-12 1. 2. 3.,,, : 1. :,,, 12-13 1. 2. 3. 4.
193 :,,,,, 12-13, 4 ; 3,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12-14, 3 4, 12-14 1. 2. 3. 4.
194 ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 1. :, 12-15, 12-15 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
195, ; 2 ;,, 3, 4 5,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.: ( 1 ) :,,, 12-16,,,,, 12-16 1. 2. 3.
196,,, (12-17), 12-18 ( b), 12-19 ( a) 1. 2. 3. 4. 12-18 1. 2. 3. 12-19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
197 :,,,, ( 12-20),, 12-19 (a) 4,, 4,,, 12-20, 12mm, 1. 2. 3., 4. 5. 12-19( b),,,, (12-20),, 5 3,,,,,, 12-21 12-21 3,, 1. 2. 3.,,
198,,,,, (12-22) 12-22 1. 2. 3.,, 12-23 (a)3 4, 12-23 ( b),, 12-23 1. 2. 3. 4.
199 1.: (1) (2), (3 ),, (4),,, (5), (6) (7),,, (8), (9),, (10), 2. : (1), (2) (3),, (4),,, (5),,,, (6),,
200,, ( ), (8),,, (9) 50100mm,,, (10),, (11), 1.? 2.? 3.?? 4.??
201 1. 2., 3. 1. :,,,,, (13-1),,,,
202 :, ( ), ( ), 3. :, : 13-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. (1), 13-1,, 13-1 10, 3 10, 9,, 8,, (2 ), (13-2 ) 13-2, 1. 2. 3. 4.
203,, 13-3( a),, 3, 13-3( b) 13-3 1. 2. 3. (3) :, 13-4 (a), 13-4( b) 13-4(c) 13-4( d) U
204 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.U 1.,, 13-5( a) ( b) ; (13-6) 2., 212mm ( ) 1 1,
205 13-6 1. 2. 3. 4., 13-7 13-7(a)30kg 1,, 13-7( b )1 ( ), 13-7( c)
206 ( 1 ) :, 1t, ( ), 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,,,, 1t,,,,,,,, :,,,,,
207 ( 2mm),,,,, (2) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.:, 13-8, 20kg, 13-5 (a),,
208,, ;,,,, 2. : 13-8,,,,,,,, 13-9 13-8 13-9 1. :,,,,,
209 2. :,,, 3. :,,, 1.,,, 2., 100mm, 60mm 3., 4.,,, 5.,,, 6., ( ), 7.,,, 8.,,,,,, 9.,,
210,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,, 13-1,
211 ( mm ) 4 410 1020 2050 50100 100150 > 150 ( ) 1 4501 360 1 4301 360 1 4001 360 1 3801 310 1 3401 250 1 3001 230 1 2801 220,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 13-2
212 ( kg ) 510 1050 50100 100250 250500 5001 000 1 0003 000 ( s) 34 49 912 1220 2028 2840 4085,,, : 1. 2.,, 3.,, 4., 5. ( 80% ), 6., 7.,, 8.,,, 1.?
213 2.?? 3.?? 4.??
214 1., 2. 3.,,,, 14-1 ( Fe), ( C)( Si)(Mn) ( P ) (S),,,,, ( 14-1),
215 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. : ;
216 1. :,,,,,, ( ),, (1) :, 14-1 14-1 ( % ) 4030 6070 10 20 35 35 4020 6080 4020 6070 4030 60-70 100 3020 6070 10 2010 8090 10 10 20 60 10 90 (2) :
217 :,,,,,,,,, 100mm,, 2/ 3,,,,,,, 3040mm,,,,, 20 30mm 120150mm,, 5,,,,, 120mm,,, 85% + 15%
218 90% + 10% +, 50mm, 2025mm,,,,,, 5060mm, 3550mm, 2030mm,,,, 15 25mm 20% 10% + 80% 90% + 35, 4050mm,,, 2. ( ) :,,,, ;,
219 50mm,, 1mm,, 3mm,,,, ( ),,,,, 1.: ( )( ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1/ 3, 1/ 7, 1/ 101/ 20 14-2, 14-2 ( t/ n) 2 3 57 10 68 68 68 68 15 15 20 20 5 5 10 10 (1) : 3.8% 4.2% GB718 -
220 Z35 Z30 Z25 Z20 ( 14-3) 25kg,, 14-3 ( %) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 35 Z35 >3.253.75 30 Z30 >2.753.25 0.500.50 >0.900.10 >0.10 >0.20 >0.40 >0.70 0.03 0.04 0.05 25 Z25 >2.25>2.75 0.90 1.30 0.200.40 0.701.00 20 Z20 >1.75>2.25 15 Z15 >1.251.75 0.40 0.05 0.06 08 L08 0.51.00 0.151.00 0.15-0.35 0.07 ( 2) :,, (3) :,,,,, ;, 35kg; 3mm, 3mm,,,, (4) :
221,,,, 45%, 75% ; ;, 4080mm,,, () ( ) 14-4 14-5 14-4 ( % ) 90 Si 90 8795 0.4 0.2 0.04 0.02 75 Si 75 7280 0.5 0.5 0.04 0.02 45 Si 45 4047 0.7 0.5 0.04 0.02 14-5 ( % ) 0 Mn 0 80.0 0.5 2.0 0.15 0.30 0.02 1 Mn 1 78.0 1.0 2.0 0.20 0.30 0.02 2 Mn 2 75.0 1.5 2.5 0.20 0.30 0.02 3 Mn 3 76.0 7.0 2.5 0.20 0.33 0.03 4 Mn 4 70.0 7.0 3.0 0.20 0.38 0.03 5 Mn5 65.0 7.0 4.0 0.20 0.40 0.03 2. :, ( 1 300),
222 CaCO3 ) ( CaF2 ),,,, 3t/ n 2050mm,, 3. : : (1) : 85%, 80% ;,,,,,,, (2) :,,, (3) : FeS,,, 1% (4) : CO2 CO CO2 CO,,,,, 15% 25% (5) :,,,,, 50% (6) : CO H2 CH4, 500700, 0.7% 1.5% 14-6
223 ZJ - 1 ZJ - 2 ZJ - 3 1 ( % ) 4.0 4.0 4.0 2 ( % ) 8.0 10.0 14.0 10.0 12.0 15.0 3 ( % ) 0.45 0.8 1.0 0.60 1.0 1.2 4 ( % ) 1.5 1.5 1.5 5 310 310 310 ( ) 280 280 280 6 : < 5mm ( % ) 4 4 4 7 ( % ) 35 42 45 : 410kg, 10 15mm, 25mm,, (7) :,, ;,,, 14-7, 1/ 10,,,
224 (mm ) (t/ h) 12 35 7 10 80 120 90 160 90 180 100200 40 100 60 120 60 140 90 180,, ;, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,, :, :,, :,, :, ;, ;, :,, : :
225,,,,, 1. : 2h,,, ( 2/ 3 ) ( ),,,,,,,, 2. :,,,, ;,, 2h, 34h,,,,,,, 35min,,,,, 1/ 3,,,,, ( )
226,,, : H = 37.5 P + A : H (mm) ; P ( Pa) ; A, 75 150 (mm), 57min,,, ;, 9001 500mm,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 1.: (1) (2), 15% 20% ( 23 ),, : (3),
227,, ( 200300mm ),,,,,,,,, (5), (6) 2. :, 1530min,,,,,,,,,, : 1., 2.,,,,,,,, 3.,,,, ;,,
228,,,, 4.,,,, ;,,,,,, 5., 30min, 1. : 57min,,1415min,, 1015min,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14-2,, ;,, ;
229,,,,, 14-2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. : 40min,,, 4060min,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.:,,,, 2. :
230, ;,,,,, (600) ( ),,,,, 23,, ( 100 200 ),, 14-3, ;,,, ;, 14-3, 1. 2. 3., 4. 5.,, l., 14-8 ( mm) A H L 1 12 30 100 ( 3 5 4 44 2 15 35 100 ) 5 28 47 3 20 40 120 ( ) 8 34 10 55 4 25 45 120 ( ) 10 7 12 28 5 30 50 150 ( ) 10 30 15 48
231,,,,,,, 14-9, 14-9 1., 57min, ; 1012min,, ; 14 15min,,,,,,, 2.,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,, : 1., 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,, 4.,, 5.,,,
232 : 1.,, 2.,, 3.,,,, 4.,, ;, 1.,,, ; 2.,, ;, ;,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,, 100 150 1. :, 1 340, 1 3401 350, 1 3601 370, 1 380,, 1 400 2.,,,,,, ;,,, ;,
233 3., : 1 380,,,,,,, : 1, C 3.2 % 3.6 % Si 1.9 % 2.2 % Mn 0.6 % 1.0% P < 0.2 % S < 0.2 %, HT150 2,,,, C 3 % 3.5 % Si 1.6 % 2.0 % Mn 0.8 % 1.2 % P < 0.2 % S < 0.2 %, HT20 3,, C 2.9% 3.2 % Si 1.4 % 1.6 % Mn 0.8% 1.2% P < 0. 2 % S < 0.2 %, HT200
234 4, C 2.6 % 3.0 % Si 1 % 1.4 % Mn 1 % 1.3 %, P < 0.2 % S < 0.2 %, HT300 4., :, :,, ;,,, ( a),,,,,, 23m, (b ), 14-10
235,,, ;, 12 (),,,, CO ;, ;, 15 20min,, 14-10 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3., 1. 2., 3. 2. 3. 4., 1., 1. 2. 2. 3.,,, 1., 1., CO, CO 2., 2. 3.
236 1. 1., 2. 2.,,, 3. 3. 1. 1., 2. 2., 3., 4., 5. 3.,, 6., 4. 1. 1.,, 2., 2. 3., 3.,,
237 ( ) 1., 1. 2. 2.,, 3. 3. 4.,, 1. 1., 1. 2., FeO, SiMn, 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 3., 5. : 1., 2.,, 3.,, 12V, 4.,,
238 6., 7. 8., 9.,,, 10.,, 11., 1.??? 2.?? 3.?? 4.? 5.? 6.?? 7.?
239 1. 2.,, : 1. ( ), 2., 10% 14%, 2.2% 2.5%, 3.,,,,,,
240 1. :,,,,,,,,,, ;, : (40/ 70, 50/ 100) 88% 90% 10% 12% 6% 7%,,,, 2.:,, : (1) 70/ 100, (2),,,, (3), ( ) 4.5% 5.5%, (0.550.75)10 5 Pa,
241 > 200 : (50/ 100 ) 88% 90% 10% 12% 0.2% 4.5% 5.5% 0.2% 0.4% 3. : ( ), ;,,, ( ) 4.:,,,, : 93% 3% 4% 1.,, ;, 2. (1),,,,,
242,, (15-1),, (3),, (15-2 ),, (4),, (15-3 15-4),,, 15-1 1. 2. 3. 15-2 1. 2. 3. 4.
243 1. 2. 15-4 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.:, 2. :,,, 3.:,,, 4.:,,,,,
244 :,, (1 1001 200),,,, (70/ 140100/ 200), (0.40.610 5 Pa) ;, ; 1.:,,, ;, 2. :, ;,, 15-5 15-5 1. 2. 3. 4.,,
245, ( a),,,, 15-6 1. 2. 3. 4.,, 15-6( b),, 1. :,, (A1)( Si),, 2. : (1) :
246,,, 0.7% 1.5% (2) :, 50% 50% ; 50% 25% 25% (3):,, (Al2O3 ) : 60% 40% (Na3 AlF6 ) ; 20% 20% 60% (NaF ) 3. : 1 0001 060, 1 0601 200,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. : (1) : (1 000 1 150),,, (2) :,,
247,,, 15-1 15-1 (%) () (Mpa) (Mpa) % (HB) ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5 4.06.0 4.06.0 4.06.0 - - - 1.0 S 18 10 8 60 J 20 14 10 65 ZCuSn6Zn6Pb3 5.07.0 5.07.0 2.04.0 - - - 1.0 S 18 8 8 60 J 20 10 10 65 ZCuAl9Mn2 - - - 8.010.0-1.52.5 1.0 S 40 20 20 85 J 45 20 20 95 ZCuAl10Fe3 - - - 8.010.0 2.04.0-1.0 S 40 20 10 100 J 50 20 12 110 ZCuZn40Pb2-0.81.9 - - - 571.5 S 20-10 80 61 J 25 15 20 90 ZCuZn31Al2 - - 2.03.0 - - 662.0 S 30-12 80 68 J 40 15.2 15 90,, ;,
248 1., 2.,, 3.,, (100/ 200),,,, ; 1.:,,,,,,, 15-7,, ; ;,, 15-8,,
249 15-7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 2. :,,,,, 15-9,, 15-9, 2, 3,,, 1. 2. 3. 1. :
250 :,, (KCl) 50% (NaCl)50% (1):, (NaF ) (NaCl)(KCl) 67% 33% 25% 62.5% 12.5% (2) :, ( ZnCl2 ) (MnCl2 ) (TiCl4 )( C2 Cl6 ), 3. : 550630, 650750,,, 800, :,, ;,, ;, ;, ;,,, 4. : (300),, : ;
251, ; ;, ; ; ; ; 5. : (1) :, ( 680760), 100kg ( ) (2) :,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 2.? 3.?
252 1. 2., ; 16-1,,,,,
253 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 16-2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
254,,, 16-3 16-3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6., 1. : : ( ) ( )
255 : (1) : 16-4,,,,,,,, 16-4 1. 2. 3. 4.,,,, 16-5 1. 2. 3., 4. 5., ( 16-5 ) (2) : 16-6,, h 180
256, 16-6 1. 2. 3. 4. (3 ) : (16-7 ),, 16-7 1. 2. 3. 4.,
257 : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,, Z, S, L, Q,,, 1, 2, 8,,,, 4, 5 (16-1 ) 16-2, 16-3
258 1 2 3 4 6 8 1 4 5 1 3 4 5 1 4 5 1 2 4 9 1 3 6 7 1 5 6 16-2 ( mm ) 1/ 100 ( m 2 / h) ( kg) 16-3 Z J B Q S C D Y
259,,,,, 1. : 200300,,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,, 0.10.5mm (150200)
260, 3. :,,,,, : ( ), ( 16-8) 16-8 1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8. (1) : ( ) (2) :, ;,,,, ;,,, 0.81.21
261 :, : :,, : 16-9,,,,, 16-9 1 2 3. 4. 16-10 : ( 16-10),,,, :,,,,,,
262 1. : (1), (2),, (3) IT12IT14, Ra2512.5, (4),, (5), 2. :,, 3. :, : 3mm, 4mm, 5mm 1. :,
263 (1 ) : 16-12,,,,, 5 4 3 6 7,,, 16-12 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.,, ( ) (2):,
264 : 16-13, 1, 4 2, 4,,, 2, 4, 5, : 16-14 16-13 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 16-14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
265 3, 5,, 1, 1., : (1) IT11IT13 Ra5.6 3.2 (2),,, 25% 40% (3),, (4) 2.,, : (1),, (2),, (3) 3. :, 0.51mm, 0.7mm
266 ( ),,,,, 16-15 16-15
267
268 1. 2., 3.,, 17-1 236mm172mm162mm, 50mm, 10mm,, 50mm, HT150;
269 17-2 1. :, 2.( ) :, 150mm,, 50mm, 3. :,,,, 150mm ( 17-2 ),,
270
271 :,, 1 2,3 4 5 6,6 5 (17-2 ) 5. :,,, 17-2, 20mm40mm, 1., 1015mm 2., 380mm300mm, 3. 4.,, 150mm,, ( 17-3) 17-3,,,, 180,,,,,,,,,,,
272, 5. 4 3 5,,, 5 6 15mm, 6 15mm 3 5,, 180220, 4h, 1.1 2, 34, 1 2,, 2.3 5,, 3., 8mm, 3,,, 4. 4,, 4, 5. 5, 5 3, 6.6 5,, 7.,, 8.,, 30mm 15mm, 6,,,,,
273, 1 3201 360,,,, 1. : 1 2,,,, 1 2, 2. ( ) : 3 5,,,,,,,, 3. :,,, 17-4 1.,, 2. 3. HT150
274 17-5 1. :,, 2. :, 3. :, 17-4 17-5 1.,, 17-6,
275 2.,, 3.,, ( ), ( 17-7 ), 17-7
276 5, 10, S = 0.618 R,,,,,,, ( ),,, 5.,,, () 6. ( ),,,,,, ( 17-7) 7.,,,,,,, 8. 9. 10.,,,, 11. 12.,,,, 13.
277 1.,, 2. HT200, HB170210 3., 4. 5. 17-8 1. :,, 2. :, (17-8),, 3. :,,,,, F< F< F, 17-8, ( 17-8) 1. 1000mm700mm, 280mm, 150mm
278 2.,,,, 3., 30mm, 4.,,,,,, 5.,, 6.,,
279 1 320 1 360, 1522s 1. :,,,,, 2. :,,, 3. :,,,,, 17-9, : 420mm 234mm212mm, 40mm, 12mm, 45.5kg,, 53mm,,, 53mm, R350mm, HT200
280 100mm,, 5 (17-10), 2,, 2,, 3,,, 4 5, 100mm,, 3.4cm 2,, 5.3cm 2, 6.3cm 2 R350mm, 55mm (17-10 ) 1., 500mm 400mm150mm, 507mm407mm16mm 2. 50/ 100,, 6% 7%, > 50, ( 1.11.2 ) 10 5 Pa,
281 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5% 6% 7%, > 200, (0.80.9 )10 5 Pa 3.,, > 80,, 4.,,,,,, 2,,, 1 3,, 5., 6. ;, 1, ; 2 3, 7.,,, 3
282 8., 2 3, : ( ),, 1. :,,, ;, 2. : 3., 4.,, 17-11, 350mm 318mm, 13mm, 3mm HT150,,, ;,,,
283 274mm ( 17-12),,,, 3cm 2,, 5cm 2 17-12 1. 2. 3.
284 1., 100/ 200,, 4%,, > 70, (1.11.2)10 5 Pa, 2., 6070, 3.,,,, 4.,,, 5. 0.5mm,,, 6.,,,, 7., 1 300,,,, 8.,, : ; 1. :,,,,,
285 :,,, 3. :,,, 4. :,,, 17-13 545mm 286mm224mm, 56.5 kg, 59mm, 17-13
286 mm,,, HT150,, ;,,,, 42mm, 17-14,,, 5, 17-144,, ; 1 2 17-14 1. 2. 3. 4.
287 5,, (17-14), 6.8cm 2, 8cm 2, 7.2cm 2 1., 40/ 70, 6% 7%, > 200, (89 )10 4 Pa 2., 6570, 7580,, 3., 4, 10 12mm,,,,,,,,,, 4., 5., 20,, 6., : 1 2, 3 ; 4, 5, 7., 4,
288 8.,,, 4 9. 1 3001 340,, 10., 3h, : ; 1. : ;, 1 330 2. : ; ; ; 3. :,, 4.: : 1.? 2.? 3.? 4.?