29 3 Vol.29No.3 20147 JournalofChineseHistoricalGeography Jul.2014 12 2 (1. 陕 西 师 范 大 学 西 北 历 史 环 境 与 经 济 社 会 发 展 研 究 院 陕 西 西 安 710062) (2. 内 蒙 古 大 学 历 史 与 旅 游 文 化 学 院 内 蒙 古 呼 和 浩 特 010070 ) 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 [ ] [ ] [ ]K928 [ ]A [ ]1001-5205 (2014)03-0112-11 [ ]2013-11-18 [ ] (NJ10021) (NSJY0903) [ ] (1979 ) 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 櫐 1 (1280-1298 ) ( ) Tenduc Kǒsang Tozan ( ); (1305 ) 2 (1318) 3 4 ( 1. 2 21 ( ) 1204 1976464 1210 3 26 582 4 : (1310) 1980 277 79 112 1 [] : 26
) 1 ( ) (1122 ) (1210 ) 1122 ( ) ; ( ) 2 1206 ( ) ( ) 3 2. ( ( ) ) 4 5 6 瑏 瑤 ( ) ( ) 7 ( ) : ( ) 8 ( ) 200584 2 30 ( ) 1974355 1 : 3 [] : 13 ( 4 24 ( ) ) ( 1975549 ) 5 1 15 (1252) ( 6 24 566 ) 7 : (11 9 )( ) 2009352 8[] : 23 9 : 2 ( ) 200125-26 () 瑏 瑠 瑏 瑠 : (11 瑏 瑡 )367 瑏 瑢 瑏 瑡 : 瑏 瑣 200925 瑏 瑢 24 566 瑏 瑣 [] : 27 1210 瑏 瑤 : 1993 548 113
() 6 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 10 ( 1976 ) (1324 ) ; (1309 ) 1309 3 ( ) 4 ( ) ; 30 7 ( ) 40 1 35 779 2[] : 19 ( ) 2000849 3 : ; 1979 834 4[] : 23 ; 5 : 5 1996Z1105 6 : ( ) 1991 96-143 ; : 2000 1129-132 7 : ( ) 1995 599 114
3 (HenryYule) 127111 (Acre ) 1275 5 (Ciandu ) 4 1275 Tenduc Tenduc (Pal- ladius) (A.J.H.Charigon) Tenduc 1210 (Paul Peliot) Tenduc (Kla- 1217 ( ) proth) (M.Pauthier) Tenduc ; 1326-1327 ( ) 1 (Odoric) ( )Tozan (Tathung); (HenriCordier) (Rockhil) (M.Bonin) ( ) (Gerbilion) ( ( ) ) Ten- 1223 duc 5 Tenduc () ( :Tenduc ) 2 1252 Tenduc 2 : (11)613 1.Tenduc 3MouleA.CPeliotPaulMarcoPolo:The Descrip- 73 tionofthe WorldLondon:GeorgeRoutledge&SonsLtd1938 (Egrigaia ) pp.181-182. (PresterJohn) 4 HenryYuleThe Bookof Ser Marco Polo:the (Tenduc);74 Venetian Concerningthe Kingdomsand Marvelsofthe EastLondon:John Murray Albemarle Street W (thecapitalcity ) 1929introp.1921. 5HenryYuleThe Bookof Ser Marco Polo:the (thechiefseat) Venetian Concerningthe Kingdomsand Marvelsofthe Eastvol.Ipp.285-288. 115 1 : ()( ) 201131
1 Tozan Tenduc 7 (MonteCorvino) 1295-1296 20 2 Tenduc 1275 Tenduc ( ; )19276 ( ) ( ) Tenduc 3 Kǒsang Tozan 1275 Ten- ( duc ) 2.Kǒsang Tenduc Tozan (Markos) (Rabban Sawma) Kos- 4 (O. hang ( Latimore) (D.Martin) ) 8 1 PeliotPaulNoteson Marco PoloParis:Im- primerie Nationale Librairie Adrien - Maisonneuve 1963vol. Ipp.849-850. 2HenryYuleThe Bookof Ser Marco Polo:the Venetian Concerningthe Kingdomsand Marvelsofthe ; ( Eastvol.Ip.288. ) ( ) 3 : (1927-1930) ( ) 5; ( ) 199015-17 4[] : : ( )1980440 5[]O. : ( )2 4 12 6[]D. : ; ( ) 80 13 18 19 7[] : 28 2001 2101 6 8 : ( ) 2000 2009 3 5 10 ; MouleA.C (PaolaVergaraCafareli) Christiansin Chinabeforetheyear1550London:Society Tenduc Koshang forpromotingchristianknowledge1930pp.96-99. 116
1278 1 2 瑏 瑤 hang 1325 3; Tozan Cozan 4 ;Tozan Cozan 1275 Kǒsang 1310 35 5 tk ; 1275 6 (James M.Me- ; Kǒsang Tǒsang Tǒsang nzies) 1275 7 Koshang (Loton ) (Oco) 瑏 瑦 ( ) 8 ( ) Oco 9 [] : (J.B. Chabot) Oco 2 : ( )( ) 2003316 (1275) 3 : 瑏 瑠 ( ) 2001 ( ) 瑏 瑡 65 : 4 [] : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 199559 瑏 瑢 1275 1275 Koshang (Campcio ) 40 瑏 瑣 12755 : ( ) 1983312 12754 5 1275 Koshang ( ) 瑏 瑠 126 3083 瑏 瑡 134 3247 瑏 瑢 9 177 4 瑏 瑣 : 2012 1144 1993 267 瑏 瑥 Tozan Kǒsang Tozan 60-61: Tenduc 1326-1327 ; (James A. Monthom- ery) (E.A.WolisBudge) (A.C.Moule) Kos- 66 1 ( ) 200893 5 6 7 8 9 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 瑏 瑦 : 83 : 1993 265 [] : : 10 : ( ) 2006263 : [] : : 117
Tenduc ( ) 1275 (Bayniel) 1245 5 Kǒsang ( ) 50 ( )Tozan (: ) 1 12754 5 Tenduc 1252 Kǒsang 1275 Tozan Tenduc Kǒsang Tozan 3. Kǒsang Kǒsang 1227 2 6 1252 (1279) 3 1298 1221 1275 ( ) Kǒsang 7 Kǒsang Kǒsang 1 : ; ( ) 200289 1275 2[] : 59 1275 1291 3 : ; 1275 67 68 50 4 4 Koshang 15 Koshang 16 ( ) (1262) ( ) 1275 ( ) ( ) ; Tozan 7 ( ) 12 13 16 5 : 5 6[] : 3 ( ) 1986 56 Koshang 7 119 2934 118
1317 ( ) 1328 1 ; (1266) ( ) ; 5 1267 ( ) 6 1289 ( ) (1271 ) 2 ( ) 3 ( 7; ) (1263) ; 8 (1274 ) ( ( ) ) ; 9 1 3 51 4. 2 7 137 3 7 142 4 6 115 5 : 1992 449 1267 6 : 354 356 7 ( ) ( 125 3063 8 5 95 ) 4 9 1275 98 2515 119
) ( ) 6 (1292) ( ) (= ) 7 1 (George); (1314 ) 2 8; ( ) (1316) ( 9 ) ( ) 瑏 瑠 ( ) 1311 ( ) 3 : 4 1309 1316 ; 1316 1 ( 2 1996Z1102 104 ) 3 ( ( (1310 ) 17 359 360 : : 1993 176 4[] : 23 5[] : 4 ) ) 6[] : ( )30 32 33 37 38 7 : : ( )2008 76 5 77 8[]D. : ( ) ; 18 ( 9 : 211 ) ( 瑏 瑠 []D. : ) ( ) (14 120
( ) 1275 () (1280 ) 1 ( ) ( ) 7 8 1294 2 1305 : ; 20 (1307) ( ) ; (1303 ) ( ) 9 3 (1288) 1294 瑏 瑠 (1292 ) ( ) 1 : : 76 77 2MouleA.CChristiansin China before the year1550p.172; : ( ) 4 1997692 : 3MouleA.CChristiansin China before the year1550p.174. 4[] : ( )39 5 5 : ( ) 1983276 ; 6 : 1995 5102 7 15 314 8[] : 90 6 9 : ( ) 200381 93 瑏 瑠 15 309 325 121
1 Tozan Tenduc 1297 2 Kǒsang Tozan (1320) 1275 ( ) ( ) (1294) ;1298 ( ) ; ( ) 3 4 1299 1309 1310 8 (1310 ) 5 (1310) ( ) 6 ( 下 转 第 131 页 ) (1345 ) ( ) 7 1294 1 100 2561 2 19 414 3[] : 23 4[ ] : ( ) 1985385 5[] : 26 6[] : 12754 5 4 Tenduc 7 186 4270 Kǒsang 8[] : 61 122
( ) 1976 1 [ ] : 3 TheAdministrativeRegionDisputesandAdjustmentofPingliangFuinEarlyQingDynasty FengYuxin (Colegeof Tourism Northwest Normal University Lanzhou730070) Abstract:TwocountiesZhuanglangandLingtaiseveredadministrativerelationswithtwopre- fectures ()JingningandJingzhourespectivelyinearlyQingDynastyandweresubordinatedto Pingliangprefecture ()directly.byanalyzingrelativehistoricalmaterialscarefulythispaperdis- closescorrelativecontentsconcealedinthisevent.therelationshipadjustmentofprefectureandcoun- tyatpinglianginearlyqingdynastybrokethesituationwhichcountywassubordinatedtosanzhou ( )sincemingdynasty.themotivityofstandardizationdevelopmentforlocaladministrativesys- temshouldnotbeatributedtoactiveadministrativeoperationoffeudaldynastybutshouldberegar- dedasachangecausedbylocalsocialproblem. Keywords:EarlyQingDynasty;PingliangFu;Administrativedivisions ( 上 接 第 122 页 ) ATextResearchontheEvolutionofngütPoliticalCenterinEarlyYuanDynasty ShiJianjun ZhangXiaofei (Colegeof History and Tourism Culture Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010070) Abstract:TherearemanydiferentrecordsonngütpoliticalcenterinYuanDynastyinChinese andwesterndocuments.somescholarsthoughtthatngüthadseveralpoliticalcentersduringthesame period.onthebasisofpredecessors researchthispaperdiscussedthevicissitudesprocessofngüt politicalcenterfromngütchieftains Yazhang ( )locatedatnorth HeishuitoAndafortress ( )Tung-shèng-chauand HeishuiNew City ( )inearly YuanDynasty. Moreo- vertheauthoralsodisclosedthereasonsforthistransfer. Keywords:ngüt:;Politicalcenter;Tenduc;Tung-shèng-chau 131