DUNHUANG RESEARCH NO. TOTAL 1 2 ( ; ) : ; : ; : ; ; ; ; : : ( ) The Making of a Saint: Images of Xuanzang in East Asia Dorothy C.WONG 1 Trans. ZHANG Shanqing 2 (1. Art Department University of Virginia Virginia USA 22904; 2. Institute of Dunhuang Studies Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730020) Abstract: In East Asian Buddhism Xuanzang was revered as a saintly figure for his contributions: his pilgrimage to India to seek authentic Buddhist texts his translations of them and his founding of the Faxiang School of Buddhism. This essay examines four separate traditions in which he was revered: 1) the orthodox literary tradition in China; 2) the founder worship tradition in Japan; 3) the religious icon tradition in China Japan and Tibet and; 4) the folkloric tradition in China. Each honored the man in a different role. Respectively these were as a great Buddhist teacher and translator the founder of a Buddhist sect a pious pilgrim and transmitter of the faith and as a witness to and recipient of supernatural help. Through a study of the artifacts associated with Xuanzang the essay explores the processes by which he was transformed into a saintly figure. The manifold images of Xuanzang reflected the interaction and synthesis of Chinese and Indian Buddhist traditions that began during the early medieval period further transformations when transmitted to other cultures distinctions be- : : ( ) 16 ( )
tween elite and popular worship and the intertwining of visual and literary forms of art. Keywords: Xuanzang; portraits of religious founders; itinerant monks; Journey to the West; founder worship; sacred biography; saint ( ) [ ]? ( ) ( ) ( ) : ( : ü ; : ( ) ); ( :? ) : : : : : ; : : : : ; : ( ) ( : ) : ( : ) 17
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