untitled

GIC

CIP /. 2004.8 ISBN 7 5625 1931 5.... TS933 388 430074 027 87482760 E mail: cbb @ cug.edu.cn 87481537 http: // www. cugp. cn 850mm 1168mm 1/32 2004 8 1 ISBN 7 5625 1931 5/ TS 47 143 5.5 22 2004 8 1 1 2 000 48.00

( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) (12) (12) (26) (31) (34) (36) (41) (41) (51) (56) (59) (66) (66) (72) (74) (76) (77) (79) (81) (83) (85) 1

(86) (87) (88) (89) (89) (90) (91) (95) (96) (97) (101) (102) B (103) (120) (121) (123) (126) (126) (131) (135) (139) (142) (149) (151) (151) (153) (155) (158) (159) (161) (164) 2

1215 [1] 50km 13 [2] 1999 [3] 1

1994 [4] 1443 [5] [1] [6] [5] 18 [7] 2

[8] 20 70 1973 1973 [5] 19 Damour Nephrite Jadeite [9] Damour Jadeite 3

1979 Nephrite Jadeite [10] 20 90 [11] 20 90 60% [9] 80% 3 000 4

20 [12] [6] 5

20 60 90 300t 15 [13] 70% 1 200km 20% 30% 3 20 90 1964 30 1.89 1.03 6 832 4 10 100km 20 80 90 1% 3% [13] 6

1905 20 80 500 2001 20 80 90 7

500 600 700 285 1 000 1978 180 1998 11 3 2 895.2 33 11.9 15.9mm 200 508 167 1998 11 2 4 91 750 497 178 3 300 1994 1997 7 263 8

1 [14] [15][16] 2 19 20 3 20 90 [17] 4 4C 9

[18] [19] [20] [21] [22] 5 [23] [24] [25] [26] CT 6 20 80 7 B 10

[1].. 1993 [2] P C.. 1992 [3].. 1999(2) [4].. 1994(1) [5].. 1989 [6].. 1992 [7]. 1979 [8].. 1993 [9]. 26 97 1997 [10].. 1995(21) [11].. 1998(3) [12].. 1993(2) [13].. 1992(3) [14].. 1999(1) [15].. 1999(1) [16].. 1999(1) [17].. 1999(2) [18].. 1994 [19].. 1998(45) [20]. 1998(8) [21].. 1998(1) [22].. 2000 [23].. 1996 [24],.. 1996(1) [25].. 1983 [26]. 1994 11

20 60 1994 1995 R.C.Kammerling 1994 [1] R.W.Hughes 1997 [2] (1999) [3][4] R.W.Hughes (2000) [5] 1,, 50km, 12

2 1 50km 2 3 2 2 75km 85km 2 19 5 10 10 3 35km 15km 2 1 2 13

2 1 14

2 2 3 500 2 2 3 2 3 [5] 19 20 Noetling, 1893; Bayer, 1895; Bleek, 1908; Lacrotie, 1930 H.L.Chhibber (1934) 1968 U.Soe-Win Chhibber [6] 15

2 3 2 4 Chhibber (1934) 16

2 4 R.C.Kammerling 1996 17

300m 4 1877 50km 6.5km Chhibber(1934) [6] 4 6.4km 300m 2 500m 1 500m 2 000m (1991) [7] R 1962 18

2 5 2 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 8km 2000 12 2 13 2 14 SEl30 30 40 19

2 15 2 16 SEl35 34 40 25m 12m 3.5m 3 000t 2 17 Cr ( ) 2 18 1877 1986 5 3 20

1 300m 1995 20 90 21

200m 200m 200 Sate Mu Maosisa Hpakangyi Maosisa, 5m Hpakangyi [4] 2 6 2 11 2 12 20km 15m 22

1991 [7] 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 1kg 60 90 2km [4] 1kg 2 30km 23

12 5 22t 1979 6km 1981 1982 82 3 1987 [8] 6 24

2 6 2 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 25

[9][10] 1955 Leslie Foshay El Progreso Manzanal Motogua McBirney 1963 [11] 70km 1967 Manzanal 100m M.L.Ridinger 1974 Manzanal 10km Motogua 2 7 3 000 Olmec Maya 1 El Progreso Manzanal Motogua Motogua 26

2 7 Manzanal 2 3m 6 7m otogua 1m Jay Ridinger 1974 4 000 14 1987 Galactic Gold Olmec Olmec 27

Blue 1998 2 A.McBirney 1967 50% 20% 5% 85% 5% 95% 10% 5% 0.5mm 6mm NaAlSi 2 O 6 H 2 O Cr Cr Ca Mg Fe 2 1 2-1 Cr (%) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Na 2 O CaO MgO FeO Cr 2 O 3 MnO TiO 2 * 58.12 20.32 12.43 3.13 2.16 3.26 / 0.07 0.31 * 59.18 23.73 14.36 0.95 0.95 0.42 / 0.02 0.00 * 58.26 22.23 11.91 3.72 2.18 0.92 / 0.03 0.04 Cr ** 55.00 5.80 6.35 13.7 9.08 4.96 3.71 0.00 0.06 * A.McBirney 1967 ** G.E. Harlow 1987 28

3 1 2 Ca Mg 3 1998 4 Rainbow Jade 2 2 29

2 2 CaMgSi 2 O 6 10% 1% 2% CaMgSi 2 O 6 437nm Cr 437nm Cr 1.65 1.67 1.65 1.67 3.20 3.34 3.25 3.40 D. Hargett(1990) 4 Jay Ridinger 1989 Jades A.S 2 1975 1989 14 1 400t 20 80 Jades A.S 1999 Jades A.S 30

Jades A.S 20 50 [12][13][14] 1 110km 30km 1.5km 2 8 31

2 8 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 70% 90% 80% 95% 3% 5% 32

2% 5% 2 70% 90% 5% 5% 35% 3 Cr 2-3 [15] 2 3 % F1 * F2 * F3 * F4 * F5 ** F6 ** F7 ** F8 ** F9 ** F10** SiO 2 56.69 56.98 57.94 58.73 57.83 57.32 57.41 58.66 56.77 58.12 TiO 2 0.42 0.23 0.07 0.00 0.12 0.14 0.63 0.08 Al 2 O 3 13.52 14.29 19.45 24.50 20.98 21.13 21.08 26.12 24.39 20.97 FeO 2.29 2.25 1.97 0.13 0.86 1.01 2.64 0.05 0.03 0.66 MnO 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 MgO 4.43 4.52 2.97 0.10 2.90 2.62 1.04 0.06 0.01 3.10 CaO 6.18 6.72 3.65 0.32 4.03 3.47 0.85 15.57 0.01 4.68 Na 2 O 11.08 10.87 12.84 14.60 12.96 13.29 14.99 14.33 12.53 K 2 O 0.03 0.01 Cr 2 O 3 5.53 2.77 0.44 0.01 0.23 0.16 0.08 0.04 NiO 0.02 0.02 99.64 98.93 99.33 98.39 100.01 99.12 98.73 100.51 95.58 100.18 * F1 F4 ** F5 F10 1997 33

4 3 0.05mm 2mm 1959 20 90 [16] 1 34

150 200m 2 3m 70% 90% 7% 12% 2 1999 1 1mm 2 3 35

4 3 Ca Fe Celebes [16] Mocchie Susa [17] [18] [19] [20] 1 36

19km 6.4km 2 9 2 9 1991 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 37

2.5cm 75% 15% 7% 3% 97% 2 1938 5 000 Gyoku Toma 2 2 2 10 Y Seki 1960 [21] 2 10 Sibukawa 38

5cm [1] R.C.Kammorling, K. Scarrat, G.Bosshart, E.A.Jobbins, R.E.Kane, E.J.Gubelin, and A.A.Levinson. Myanmar and its Gems an Update. J.Gemm., 1994, 24(1) [2] R.W.Hughes, O.Galibet, M.Smith and Thet Oo,.. 1997(44) [3].. 1999(2) [4] Myanmar. HK. Gemmologist Explores Myanmar s Jadeite Mines, Jewelry News Asia, 1999(176) [5] R. W. Hughes, Olivier Galibert, George Bosshart, Fred Ward, Thet Oo, Mark Smith, Tay Thyesun and George E. Harlow. 2000 Burmese Jade: the Inscrutable Gem. Gems & Gemology, 2000(1) [6] P C.. 1992 [7].. 1991 [8].., 1987 [9].. 2000(9) [10] G.E. Harlow, E.P. Olds. Observations on Terrestrial Ureyite and Ureyitic 39

Pyroxene. American Minevalogist, 1987(72) [11] A.McBirney, K.Aoki, M.N. Bass. Eclogites and Jadeite from the Motagua Fault Zone, Guatemala. American Mineralogist, 1967(52) [12] E.. eb ehko.. 1981(2) [13] A.M.Miller. Jadeite of Guatemala. the Guide, 2000 [14] D. Hargett. Jadeite of Guatemala: a Contemporary View, Gems & Gemlogy. 1990(1) [15].. 1997(3) [16].. 1999(2) [17] S.L.Vanlaudingham. Geology of Word Gem Deposis, 1981 [18] C. Mevel, J. R. Kienest. Chromian Jadeite, Phengite, Pumpellyite and Lansonite in a High-pressure Metamorphosed Gobbro from the French Alps. Mineralogical Magazine, 1980(43) [19].. 1986(4) [20].. 1990(3) [21] Y. Seki, M. Aiba and C. Kato. Jadeite and Associated Minerals of Meta Gabbro Rocks in the Sibukawa District, Central Japan. American Mineralogist, 1960(45) 40

1 1 NaAl (Si 2 O 6 ) 41

Fe Cr Mn w B % Na 2 O 15.4, Al 2 O 3 25.2, SiO 2 59.4 3 1 Ca Mg Fe Cr Ca Mg Fe Cr Ca Mg Fe 3 1 20% Cr 2 O 3 Cr 2 O 3 3 1 0.2 w B % 1.0 w B % 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1.0 w B % 3.0 7. 8. w B % 9. 20 w B % 50 w B % 20 w B % 50 w B % 20 w B % [1][2] 2 r 42

3 1 (w B %) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Na 2 O CaO MgO FeO Cr 2 O 3 MnO TiO 2 1 60.30 24.51 12.90 1.01 0.61 0.44 0.20 / / 2 59.39 21.60 12.08 3.26 2.40 1.11 0.00 / / 3 60.57 23.42 10.68 2.73 1.74 0.80 0.00 / / 4 59.86 23.16 12.52 2.43 1.22 0.82 0.00 / / 5 59.83 21.14 12.29 0.08 0.14 0.38 5.52 0.00 0.02 6 58.30 19.57 13.36 3.67 2.93 0.86 2.38 0.00 0.08 7 58.81 21.98 11.51 3.09 1.88 0.81 1.44 0.09 0.08 1 2 3 4 5 5 2 3 4 6 7 1999 Cr Cr 3+ Al 3+ Cr 2 O 3 1 w B % Cr 2 O 3 0.4 w B % 0.7 w B % Cr 2 O 3 1 w B % [1] Cr 2 O 3 1 w B % Fe Fe Fe Fe 3+ Fe 3+ Fe 3+ Fe Fe 2+ Ca Mg Fe Fe 2+ Fe 3+ 43

[3][4] [4] Mn Mn FeO Cr 2 O 3 FeO 0.1 w B % Cr 2 O 3 MnO 0.05w B % 0.2w B % Cr 2 O 3 0.1 w B % (1985) Mn 2+ C 2+ r, Ca Mg, Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Na + Al 3+ Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ Na + +Al 3 3(Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) = 4Al 3+ [5], Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Fe 2+ Ti i 3 L 2 PC SiO 4+ 4 1 C M 1 M 2 C, 87 90 3 2 4 Ng = 1.652 1.673, Nm = 1.645 1.663 Np = 1.640 1.658 0.012 0.015 B+ 44

3 2 1.66 5 3.24 3.43 6.5 7 900 2 Ureyite 1984 H.A.Haimi NaCrSi 2 O 6 Al Fe Ca Mg 3 2 [6][7][8] Ca Mg Fe 45

3 2 w B % SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 NaO CaO MgO FeO Cr 2 O 3 MnO TiO 2 1 56.56 7.32 14.02 0.67 0.82 1.80 18.46 0.47 0.00 2 56.49 2.56 13.49 0.72 0.75 0.00 25.16 0.45 0.00 3 54.44 3.77 14.50 0.28 0.82 0.00 26.19 0.80 0.01 4 54.82 5.44 12.29 1.39 0.41 5.32 19.35 0.07 0.08 5 54.48 4.03 12.20 2.95 2.51 5.95 16.17 0.08 0.01 6 55.50 8.18 12.51 0.99 0.58 5.72 16.30 0.05 0.06 7 62.39 12.75 10.53 0.33 0.43 3.98 8.13 0.04 0.29 1 2 3 1999 4 5 1999 6 Ou Yang 1984, 7 1.74 5.5 3.50 3 Omphacite X- NaFeSi 2 O 6 3 3 [9][10][11][12] 46

3 3 (w B %) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 NaO CaO MgO FeO Cr 2 O 3 MnO TiO 2 1 55.56 11.40 7.80 12.04 7.93 3.31 0.06 0.07 0.21 2 56.28 10.26 7.62 13.81 8.70 3.65 0.01 0.02 0.25 3 51.46 14.61 7.05 13.01 9.13 4.65 0.02 0.04 / 4 48.66 15.36 7.34 13.97 10.78 3.97 0.00 0.08 / 5 57.62 14.00 9.88 8.50 6.79 1.76 1.45 0.00 0.00 6 58.26 15.56 8.05 6.31 5.34 5.26 0.00 0.22 0.15 7 59.23 17.89 12.58 2.35 2.34 3.06 0.32 0.15 0.00 8 58.06 12.49 8.79 11.74 7.68 2.60 0.00 0.04 0.12 9 56.74 12.83 8.35 12.30 7.71 1.87 0.06 0.01 0.09 10 58.42 13.15 7.64 11.15 7.77 1.01 0.22 / / 1 2 1998 3 4 1998 5 6 7 1999 8 9 2000 10 NaAlSi 2 O 6 Fe Na Ca Na (Mg 2+ Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Cr Al)Si 2 O 6 Fe Fe 2+ Fe 3+ 3 3 47

1.67 1.70 5 6 3.29 3.37 Na/Na+Ca 0.8, 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 Al/Al+Fe 3+ 0.5 0.5 3 3 X- Cr Fe 4, 1999 A. McBirney 1967, 48

Na(AlSi 3 O 8 ) NaAlSi 2 O 6 Ng=1.536 Nm=1.529 Np=1.525 0.007 1.53 2.60 6 6.5 5 1999 3 4 [6][13] 49

3 4 w B SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Na 2 O CaO MgO FeO Cr 2 O 3 MnO TiO 2 1 57.66 4.05 5.69 5.99 18.37 3.68 1.47 0.86 / 2 49.43 10.32 6.04 7.63 16.03 4.70 2.88 0.00 0.47 3 59.70 2.79 10.24 0.67 17.18 3.95 3.42 0.37 0.00 4 58.38 1.37 9.63 0.42 18.47 6.18 4.07 0.00 0.00 5 59.40 9.68 8.71 0.54 13.22 2.57 3.00 0.16 0.32 6 61.25 0.27 0.00 12.65 22.04 3.28 0.23 / / 7 59.81 4.86 7.97 0.04 19.45 4.23 0.45 0.03 0.02 1 1983, 2 3 4 5 1999, 6 7 56 3.1 3.2 6 6.5 1.62 6 Na 2 ( Al 2 Si 3 O 10 ) 2H 2 O 1.473 1.496, 0.011 5 5.5 2.2 2.5 Na 2 ( Al 2 Si 4 O 12 ) 2H 2 O 50

1.485 1.487, 5 5.5 2.24 2.29 1 20 90 [14] 1994 3 1996 [15] [16] 1999 [17] 1999 20% 20% 50% 51

50% 49% 2 3 5 [18][19] 3 5 * / ** * ** 1 52

2 50% 3 Chhibber, 1934 + 1998 [20] 53

4 50% 20% 5 6 59% Ca Mg Al Fe 54

20% 40% 3 6 6 7 1.66 6.5 1.67 437nm 3.28 3.40 6 6.5 1.66 / 6 6.5 1.66 / 6 6.5 1.66 3.34 3.39 6.5 7 1.67 2.50 3.50 5 1.70 1.75 2.70 5 1.54 1.75 470nm 7 Gublin 1965 Mao-Sit-Sit Jadealbit 50% 55

1 1 3 1 56

2 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 57

6 3 6 3 7 3 8 2 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 7 1992 [18] 2000 [12] 58

3 7 59

[21][22][23][24] 1 Cr 2002 2 1 60

Cr 2 61

10mm 3 3 5 4 62

5 3 Cr Fe Cr [1],,,... 1999(4) [2].. 2003(4) [3].. 1994(2) [4],,.. 1999(3) 63

[5] G. R. Rossman. Lavenderjade the Optical Spectrum of Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Intervalence Charge Transfer in Jadeite from Burma. American Mineralogist, 1974(59) [6],,.. 1999(4) [7] Ou Yang. A Terrestrial Source of Ureyite. American Minerologist, 1984(69) [8].. 1999(1) [9],.. 1988(1) [10],,.. 1999(1) [11],.. 1999(2) [12],,.. 2000(2) [13].. 1983 [14].., 1994 [15]. 26 97 1997 [16],,.. 1999(1) [17],,.. 1999(1) [18]. ABC. 1997 [19].., 1994 [20].. 1998(17) [21].. 2000 64

[22] Win Htein, Aye Myo Naing. Mineral and Chemical Compositions of Jadeite Jade of Myanmar, J.Gemm., 1994(4) [23] H. Harder. Trace Element as Colouring Agents in Jadeites. J.Gemm., 1995(7) [24],.., 1988 65

3 66

2 3 5 9 5 10 4 1 67

4 1 4 68

5 3.20 3.40 3.33 2.5 3.2 3.50 3.30 3.38 3.30 = 6 1.66 1.69 1.52 30cm 69

7 3 660nm 660nm 437nm Fe 437nm 4 2 8 364nm 253nm 70

4 2 71

1 1 Ca 2 Mg 5 (Si 4 O 11 ) 2 (OH,F) 2 Mg 2+ Fe 2+ [Ca 2 (Mg,Fe) 5 (Si 4 O 11 ) 2 (OH,F) 2 ] Fe 2+ 2 4 1 3 4 72

1.62 2.96 3.17 6 6.5 509nm 2 1 2 4 1 3 1.61 1.62 2.95 3.05 1.6 1.66 3.20 3.39 3.33 4 Cr 3+ Cr 3+ [1] 437nm 502nm 5 73

3 20 90 20 50 1 1 NaAlSi 3 O 8 -CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 74

Ca 2 Al 3 Si 3 O 12 OH 20% 40% 50% 70% 2 0.05mm 3 4 4 2 10 5 1.56 1.70 6 6.5 2.73 3.18 2 75

1 2 3 4 5 6 3 [2] 1 1 76

[Ca 10 Mg 2 Al 4 (Si 2 O 7 ) 2 (SiO 4 ) 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 10 3 1.72 3.25 3.32 460nm 2 1 2 460nm 437nm 3 1.72 1.66 20 80 90 [3] Transvaal 1925 Transvaal Jade( ) 20 80 77

[4] W.Zabinski(1991) [4] 1 1 Ca 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 Ca 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) 3 x(oh) 4 x [SiO 4 ] 4 4 OH OH 2 1 3mm 3 4 3 4 1.72 1.74 1.675 1.705 1.725 1.734 78

3.60 3.71 3.27 3.52 7 7.5 X Cr 3+ 2 10 1 4 3 2 3 3 79

1 1 Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 Mg Fe Ni Mn Cr Al F OH 2 3 4 1.56 1.57 2.5 5.5 2.5 3 5 5.5 2.44 2.82 5 80

4 4 2 1 2 3 4 5.5 3 81

[5] [6] 1 1 85% 95% 2 1 2.5mm 3 4 8 4 1.53 2.66 6 B 2 82

1 1/3 2 3 [7] 20 80 90 83

1 4 5 1 SiO 2 90% 1.55 2.80 7 660nm 2 2 1 10 2 4 3 3 84

4 3 3 660nm 4 1 2 3 85

4 7 4 1 2.65 1.53 86

2 10 30mm 4 8, 1 2 2.6 1.54 Cr 87

4 9 4 1 4 1 ( ) 3.30 3.36 1.66 437nm 1.62 1.53 2.70 1.73 1.72 2.6 1.70 1.56 1.57 1.56 2.95 2.66 3.45 509nm 461nm 460nm 2.73 3.18 2.44 2.84 2.70 Cr 1.53 2.65 2.60 1.54 2.60 660 680nm 1.54 1.66 1.53 3.32 2.95 88

1 2 10 3 4 11 4 2.5 1.54 89

1 4 6 2.60 1.55 2 5% 0.1 0.25mm 3 90

1 10 4 10 2 10 3 1.56 1.58 2.80 [8] 91

1 2 1.72 3 92

4 1.55 1.62 2.66 2.80 5 Mg Fe 4 12 1.56 1.57 2.65 [1].. 1992 [2].. 1998(27) [3]. Ca-Al 1993 93

[4] W.Zabinski. Transvaal Jade. Z.Dt. Gemmol. Ges., 1991(40) [5].. 1994(4) [6].., 1989 [7].. 2000 [8].., 1997(46) 94

C.Pling 23 79 [1] 1962 Gems their Sources, Descriptions and Identification [2] 20 20 80 B 95

1 200 2 Fe 2 O 3 nh 2 O Fe 2 O 3 96

3 C 5 19 1 97

2 1 2 10 20 3 98

5 1 3 630 660nm 5 1 4 5 99

630 660nm,,,, 5 22 4 1 2 3 4, 100

2000 [3] 1 2 1 101

2 3 4 5 1.55 6 B R. Werbster 1962 Gems 102

5 2 R. 5 2 Werbster B 20 70 80 B B 20 80 90 B B B B B B 103

1 B 1 B B 2 B B 3 B 2 3 4 NaOH 104

5 1 5 2 B B B 5 B 5 14 6 2 B 1 Fe(OH) 3 +3HCl=FeCl 3 +3H 2 O 105

FeCl 3 NaO Al 2 O 3 6SiO 2 +HNO 3 Al(NO 3 ) 3 +NaNO 3 +SiO 2 NaCl Al(NO 3 ) 3 SiO 2 SiO 2 SiO 2 Na(OH) SiO 2 +Na(OH) Na 2 SiO 3 +H 2 O SiO 2 2 3 B B 3 B B 106

B B B B 1 B 5 9 5 10 5 3 B B B 5 11 5 12 5 13 5 3 107

B 10 B 2 B 5 6 5 7 5 8 3 B 108

5 3 5 4 5 5 4 B 5 15 5 16 B 5 B 6 B B B B 5 17 5 18 109

7 B 8 B B B 20 90 B 9 B B 3.30 3.30 B 3.30 B B 10 110

B [ 1995 [4] 1995 [5] 1995 [6] ] 40 B 4 B B 20 80 1 B 400 4 000cm 1 5 4 400 2200 cm 1 2 200 3 000 cm 1 2 600 cm 1 3 000 3 700 cm 1 3 500 cm 1 111

2 B 5 4 B 2 870 cm 1 2 928 cm 1 2 964 cm 1 3 035 cm 1 3 058 cm 1 2 870 cm 1 2 928 cm 1 2 964 cm 1 3 2 964 cm 1 2 928 cm 1 2 200 2 600 cm 1 B B B 5 4 B a. ; b. B 2 870 cm 1 2 928 cm 1 2 960 cm 1 3 035 cm 1 3 058 cm 1 ; c. ; d. B 112

5 4 2 430 cm 1 2 485 cm 1 2 540 cm 1 2 590 cm 1 4 C H 2 870 cm 1 2 928 cm 1 2 964 cm 1 3 3 035 cm 1 3 058 cm 1 B 5 4 3 B 5 5 2 850 cm 1 2 925 cm 1 2 960 cm 1 3 5 5 5 5 B 113

1 3 035 cm 1 3 058 cm 1 2 400 cm 1 2 700 cm 1 2 2 850 cm 1 2 925 cm 1 2 960 cm 1 3 2 925 cm 1 2 925 cm 1 2 960 cm 1 5 B B B 1 B 1993 [7] B 4 B B B B 2 B B 114

B 3 B FeO Cl Cl 5 1 [8] Cl HCl B Cl 5 1 B w B % SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 NaO CaO MgO FeO Cr 2 O 3 MnO TiO 2 Cl J-13* 57.79 22.17 11.64 3.42 3.37 0.94 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.54 JBY 1 * 55.61 24.78 14.97 1.14 3.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 JBY 2 * 55.41 24.69 14.92 1.13 3.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 * (1998) 4 B 800nm 100 000nm 12 500 cm 1 10 800 2 500nm 12 500 cm 1 4 000 cm 1 5 6 115

5 6 B B B 7 351 cm 1 7 175 cm 1 7 017 cm 1 5 982 cm 1 5 882 cm 1 5 700 cm 1 4 798 cm 1 4 680 cm 1 4 622 cm 1 B A 5 228 cm 1 116

B B [9][10] 5 B 1995 [11][12] B B B 6 B,, B B 200 1 200 cm 1 1 041 cm 1 993 cm 1 702 cm 1 378 cm 1 4 1 041 cm 1 993 cm 1 Si O Si 702 cm 1 378 cm 1 Si O Si 5 7 B 1 112 cm 1 1 609 cm 1 3 069 cm 1 1 112 cm 1 C O C 1 609 cm 1 3 069 cm 1 = C H 5 8 117

5 7 5 8 B 118

B B 5 9 a b 1 112 cm 1 1 609 cm 1 3 069 cm 1 5 9 119

C H 2 861 cm 1 2 846 cm 1 6 B B B B B B [13][14] B+C 20 90 5 20 5 21 [15][16] 1 B+C B+C 120

2 B+C B+C B+C B B+C B B+C C [17][18] 121

[19][20] 1 2 2 925 cm 1 2 925 cm 1 5 10 [21][22] 5 10 122

3 2002 5 23 [23][24] 1 2 1.66 1.68( ) 3.00( ) 3,, 5 24 123

(4) PbO ZnO PbO 7% [1] Kurt Nassau. Gemstone Enharcement. Butterworths, London, 1983 [2] R. Webster. Gems their Sources, Decriptions and Identification. Butterworths, London, 1962 [3].. 2000(2) [4]. B. 1995(3) [5]. A B. 1995(17) [6]. A B. 1995(21) [7].. 93, 1993 [8]. A B., 1998(27) [9]. B. 1999(2) [10]. B. 1995(3) [11] T.S. Tay, S. Paul and C. M. Puah. SEM Studies of Bleached and Polymerimpregnated Jadeite. Australian Gemmologist, 1993(18) [12]. B. 1995(1) [13]. B. 1993(4) [14]. B. 1994(7) [15]. A B C., 1996(1) 124

[16],. B 1996(1) [17].. 1994 [18]. ABC. 1996(20) [19].. 1994 [20]. A B. 1996(15) [21].. 1996(15) [22]. A B. 1995 (3) [23]. 2003 (1) [24],.., 2003(3) 125

1992 4C 2T 1V 7 4 126

3 [1][2] 1 6 1 Ca Mg 6 1 127

6 1 1 2 3 ( ) 3 128

2 8 6 2 6 2 129

3 B B B 6 3 90% 100% 90% 80% 80% 70% 70% 50% 50% 30% 30% 130

[3][4] 6 3 25cm 90% 100% 25cm 80% 90% 70% 80% 50% 70% 30% 50% 10% 30% [5] 131

1 4 2mm 1 2mm 0.2 1mm 0.2mm 6 4 6 4 2mm 1 2mm 0.2 1mm 0.2mm 132

2 6 5 9mm 3 1 3mm 3mm 1 5 6 2 6 5 3 (9mm ) 2 3 (6 9mm) 1 1.5 (3 4.5mm) (0.5 1mm) ( 0.5mm) 133

3 6 3 6 6 6 6 134

6 6 ( ) [6] 1 1 135

2 6 7 3 3 6 4 6 5 4 6 6 136

5 6 8 6 1/3 6 9 2 137

5 1 2 3 4 5 3, 138

6 7 6 7 1 139

2 1 6 18 2 6 16 6 31 1983 B 3 140

6 22 6 19 6-20 6 23 6 24 6 25 6 30 6 26 6 27 6 21 6 10 6 11 141

6 15 6 28 3 3 142

1 1 6 1 6 1 143

6 8 1997 [6] 100% 80% 30% 2 6 2 6 2 6 8 6 8 ( ) ( mm) 1.2 1.4 1 0.8 0.5 1 8 4 1.7 2.0 1 1 0.6 1 10 14 2.0 3.0 1 1.2 1 1 14 20 1.2 1.4 1 0.6 0.5 1 12 14 0.8 1 1 0.2 0.3 1 20 25 144

3 3 6 11 6 9 6 9 mm 0.1 0.2 1 8 10 0.2 0.3 1 16 25 0.2 0.4 1 25 35 4 6 3 145

10 14mm 6 8mm [7] 6 10 6 10 mm mm 9 14 54 56 6 8 52 54 8 12 54 56 8 10 40 45 52 56 6 8 35 40 5 5 146

5 10 5 4 5 1 147

5 2 1 20 40mm 35 70mm 4 6mm 20 20 15 mm 50 80 50 mm 2 148

[8] 149

20% 20% 40% [1].. 1991(19) [2].. 1992(6) [3].. 1995 [4].. 1985 [5].. 1998 [6].. 1997(1) [7].., 1995 [8].., 2000 150

( 7 6) ( 7 7) 1 151

2 3 152

1 7 1 7 1 a. b. c. 2 1 153

7 7 7 3 2 3, 1996 154

[1] 1 1 155

7 3 2 7 4 3 [2] 4 1993 [2] 5 156

7 8 2 [3] 3 7 2 7 1 157

[4] 4 7 5 1cm 7 5 158

1 7 9 7 10 7 11 7 12 159

2 3 160

7 13 7 15 7 14 7 2 161

7 2 1 1 2 162

7 3 7 3 2 7 4 7 4 163

1 1 164

2 7 19 7 20 3 7 21 165

4 5 6 7 2 1 166

2 167

7 18 7 16 a b 7 17 c 2 168

3 169

3.08 3.43 g/cm 3 3.0g/cm 3 2.7g/cm 3 X [5] [1].. 1997(1) [2].. 1993 [3]. ABC., 1996 [4].. 1992(2) [5].. 1997(2) 170