09 Linux Linux Linux Linux 009.indd 1 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:10
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 9.1 badblocks badblocks [ ][ ] badblocks -b < > -c < > -i < > -o < > mke2fs -p -t < > -n -s -v -w 0 badblocks -o 9-2 009.indd 2 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:10
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 badblocks e2fsck -c badblocks 250 badblocks [root@localhost ~]# badblocks /dev/hda3 # badblocks shell 9.2 blockdev ioctl blockdev [ ][ ] blockdev ioctl -V -q -v --setro --setrw --getro 1 0 --getss 512 --getsize 512 --setra < > --getra --flushbufs --rereadpt 9-3 009.indd 3 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:11
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 blockdev 251 1. blockdev --setro [root@localhost ~]# blockdev --setro /dev/hda3 # /dev/hda3 2. blockdev --getro [root@localhost ~]# blockdev --getro /dev/hda3 # /dev/hda3 1 1 9.3 chattr chatrr [ ][ ] chattr 9-4 009.indd 4 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:11
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 屬性 含 義 A Atime 開啟 S Sync 入動 入 a Append Only 增加 i Immutable d No dumpdump c Compress s Secure Delete 0 u Undelete Linux -R -V chattr chmod chmod 252 1. lsattr [root@localhost ~]# lsattr install.log # 9-5 009.indd 5 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:12
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 ------------- install.log 2. chattr [root@localhost ~]# chattr +a install.log # a 3. lsattr [root@localhost ~]# lsattr install.log # -----a------- install.log install.log a lsattr 9.4 convertquota quota convertquota [ ][ ] convertquota -u -g -f -V 9-6 009.indd 6 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:12
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 quota.user quota.group aquota.user aquota.group 253 convertquota Enter [root@localhost ~]# convertquota /home # home /home home quota.userquota.group/home /homeaquota.useraquota.group edquotaquotacheck 9.5 df df [ ][ ] df Linux 9-7 009.indd 7 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:12
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 -a -B < > -h -H 1000 1024 -i -k --block-size=1k -l --no-sync -P POSIX -t < > -T -x < > --help --version df -h df 254 df [root@proxy1 root]# df # Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sd 10080488 7814104 1754316 82% / 9-8 009.indd 8 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:13
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 /dev/sda5 46457956 32832 44065180 1% /accesslog /dev/sdb1 70651388 9756472 57306000 15% /accesslog2 /dev/sdc1 70651388 5449536 61612936 9% /accesslog3 none 2062020 0 2062020 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda2 10080520 1831156 7737296 20% /squid 1 2 3 4 5 6 255 df -h [root@proxy1 root]# df -h # Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 9.7G 7.5G 1.7G 82% / /dev/sda5 45G 33M 43G 1% /accesslog /dev/sdb1 68G 9.4G 55G 15% /accesslog2 /dev/sdc1 68G 5.2G 59G 9% /accesslog3 none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda2 9.7G 1.8G 7.4G 20% /squid du 9.6 dumpe2fs ext2/ext3 dumpe2fs [ ][ ] dumpe2fs ext2 ext2 ext3 ext3 9-9 009.indd 9 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:13
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 -b -f dumpe2fs dumpe2fs -h -i e2image -x 16 -V dumpe2fs 256 dumpe2fs -h [root@localhost ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/hda3 # /dev/hda3 dumpe2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: 5b7acd32-86c6-4dbb-ad54-57976a45eee1 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux 9-10 009.indd 10 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:13
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 Inode count: 26208 Block count: 104420 Reserved block count: 5221 1 Free blocks: 99555 Free inodes: 26197 First block: 1 Block size: 1024 Fragment size: 1024 Reserved GDT blocks: 256 Blocks per group: 8192 Fragments per group: 8192 Inodes per group: 2016 Inode blocks per group: 252 Filesystem created: Fri Apr 4 20:03:12 2008 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Fri Apr 4 20:03:12 2008 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: 37 Last checked: Fri Apr 4 20:03:12 2008 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Wed Oct 1 20:03:12 2008 Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Default directory hash: tea Directory Hash Seed: f6949945-4f0e-4cd4-a1e7-fbbb151e7a8b 9.7 e2fsck ext2/ext3 e2fsck [ ][ ] e2fsck ext2 ext2 ext3 e2fsck 9-11 009.indd 11 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:14
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 0 1 2 4 8 16 32 e2fsck 128 -a -p -p -b < > -B < > e2fsck e2fsck -c badblocks -d -D -f -F -k -c 將 -n no 讓 e2fsck -p -r 往後的相 性 -t e2fsck -v -V -y yes 讓 e2fsck -n-p 一起 9-12 009.indd 12 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:14
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 e2fsck Linux e2fsck fsck.ext2fsck.ext3 257 e2fsck /dev/hda3 e2fsck [root@localhost mnt]# e2fsck /dev/hda3 # /dev/hda3 e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006) /dev/hda3 is mounted. WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)? no check aborted e2fsck 258 e2fsck 1. e2fsck [root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/hda3 # /dev/hda3 2. e2fsck [root@localhost mnt]# e2fsck /dev/hda3 # /dev/hda3 9-13 009.indd 13 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:14
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006) /dev/hda3: clean, 11/26208 files, 4865/104420 blocks /dev/hda3 fsck 9.8 e2image ext2/ext3 e2image [ ][ ] e2image ext2/ext3 -I -r raw e2image e2image -I 259 1. e2image 9-14 009.indd 14 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:15
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 [root@localhost mnt]# e2image /dev/hda3 hda3.bak # /dev/hda3 hda3. Bak e2image 1.39 (29-May-2006) 2. file [root@localhost mnt]# file hda3.bak # hda3.bak: Linux rev 1.0 ext2 filesystem data ext2 9.9 e2label ext2/ext3 e2label [ ][ ] e2label ext2/ext3 e2label 260 e2label 9-15 009.indd 15 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:15
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 [root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/hda3 /dev/hda3 # hello /dev/hda3hello 261 e2label [root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/hda3 music hda3 # /dev/ 9.10 edquota edquota [ ][ ] edquota ID ID -r rpc.rquotad RPC -u -p < > -f < > -t soft edquota 9-16 009.indd 16 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:15
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 aquota. user quota.user aquota.group quota.group 262 edquota Enter [root@department root]# edquota test # test Disk quotas for user test (uid 520): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard 111976 0 0 2278 0 0 edquota vi 1 2 34 soft hard 5 67 soft hard 2 5 3 4 7 0 263 edquota -p [root@localhost mnt]# edquota -p test zhangsan lisi wangwu # zhangsanlisiwangwu test 9-17 009.indd 17 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:16
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 quotacheckquotaonquotaoffrepquotaquotactl 9.11 fdisk Linux fdisk [ ][ ] fdisk Linux 0 fdisk Linux Linux Linux Linux ext2 ext2 Linux ext3 ext3ext2 ext3 ext3 Linux ext ext fdisk Linux ext2 ext3 Windows fat16fat32 NTFS -b < > 5121024 2048 -c < > -H < > 256 16 -s < > -l /proc/ partitions -u 9-18 009.indd 18 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:16
磁碟與檔案系統管理 09 -s < > -v fdisk fdisk fdisk w fdisk 264 fdisk -l [root@localhost root]# fdisk -l # Disk /dev/sda: 73.5 GB, 73508513792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8936 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1275 10241406 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1276 2550 10241437+ 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2551 3060 4096575 82 Linux swap /dev/sda4 3061 8936 47198970 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)) /dev/sda5 3061 8936 47198938+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 73.5 GB, 73508513792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8936 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 8936 71778388+ 83 Linux 9-19 009.indd 19 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:17
Linux 指令範例速查手冊 Disk /dev/sdc: 73.5 GB, 73508513792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8936 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 8936 71778388+ 83 Linux 3 IDE 1 2 34 5 6 83 Linux ext2 ext3 7 265 fdisk 1. fdisk fdisk Enter fdisk [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/hda # /dev/had The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): Command(m for help): fdisk m fdisk Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag 9-20 009.indd 20 2009/9/4 下午 12:11:17