(CIP)../,.- :,2009.6 ISBN978 7 80210 001 5 Ⅰ. Ⅱ.1 2 Ⅲ.- - Ⅳ.G634 CIP(2009)068072 : : () 15 100039 88636417 88637120 www.xycbs.com E mailaaa@xycbs.com 710 1020 1/32 11 290 20096 120096 1 ISBN978 7 80210 001 5 :18.80 (,)
1 /3 /4 /13 /16 2 /18 /19 /26 /28 3 /31 /32 /37 /40 4 /42 /43 /50 /52 5 /54 /55 /64 /66 6 /71 /71 /75 /78 7 /79 /79 /85 /87 8 /89 /90 /94 /96 9 /98 /99 /103 /105 10( ) /108 /109 /113 /115 Ⅰ
11 /119 /119 /125 /127 12, /130 /131 /137 /139 13 /142 /143 /150 /153 14 /155 /156 /161 /162 15 /165 /166 /174 /176 16 /181 /182 /187 /189 17 /192 /193 /198 /199 18 /202 /203 /208 /210 19 /212 /213 /217 /219 20 /221 /222 /230 /232 Ⅱ
21 /236 /237 /240 /242 22 /244 /245 /248 /249 23 /251 /252 /255 /256 24 ( ) /258 /259 /263 /264 25 /266 /267 /273 /274 26 /278 /278 /282 /284 27 /285 /285 /291 /292 28 /295 /296 /301 /302 29 /304 /305 /309 /310 30 /312 /313 /322 /323 325 346 Ⅲ
15 28 39 51 66, 77 86 95 105 ( ) 114 127, 139 152 162 175 188 199 209 218 231 241 248 256 ( ) 263 274 283 292 302 310 322 Ⅳ
0 0 2,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 2., 3.,,,,,
1 1 / / / / (,) 獉獉獉獉 / /, / / 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 / /, / / ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, ) / /, / / ( 獉獉獉獉獉,) (1881~1936),,, 19185,,,1918~1926,,,1921 12 Q,,,,, 1901 10,, 27, 19047,,,1936,,:,,, 0 0 3
1 [ 1,,,,, ],,,,, (1),,,,,, [ 2, ;,,,;[,,, ],, 3,[ ] 0 (1~3), 0 4,,,, ] [, 2,, : ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪, ()
, 4,, 4,, :,,,; ; 5 [,,, ],,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6,,,,,,:[, ] 7 8,, ; 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1 (4) 5, (5) 6~7,, 8, 0 0 5
0 0 6,, 9,,,, ;,,,, [, ] 10, (4~10), 瑏瑡,,,,, 瑏瑢, 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 瑏瑥,,,,,,,,,, [, ] :,, [,, ] 瑏瑦,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 9, 10,, ( ) 11~15,,, (11~15) 16~19, :,,
,,, : 瑏瑧,,,,,,, [,, ] 瑏瑨,, : 瑏瑩 ;, 瑐瑣,,,,, (11~23),, :, 瑐瑤,,,,,,,: 瑐瑥 (16~19) 瑐瑠,, 20,,,, 21~22,, [, : ], 瑐瑡,, 23,,: 瑐瑢, ( ),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1 24~26,, 0, 0 7
0 0 8 瑐瑦,,,,,,, 27,,, 瑐瑧,,,,,, 瑐瑨 ;,,,,, 瑐瑩,,,: [,,, 28, (24~28) 29~31, ] :,,,,, :,,,; [,, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
瑑瑠 瑑瑡,,, [ ],,,,, 瑑瑢,,,,, 瑑瑣,,,, 瑑瑤, 瑑瑥,,,:, ;, (24~35),, (4~35),, 瑑瑦,,,,,,,,,,, 瑑瑧,,,, :,,,,;,, [ 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1 (29~31) 32~35, ( ) () 烄 烅 烆 烄 烅烆 36,, 37, 0 0 9
,,,,, (36~37), ],, 38, 瑑瑨,, :,,,,,, (),,,,,,[,, () ][, ][,, ], [, ][,,,,, ] (36~38), 0,, 1 0 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
1 ( 犿 à 狀 ) ( 犳 ē 犻 ) ( 犼 ì) ( 犼 ī) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狔 ǎ 狅 ) ( 狆犻 ē) ( 犺狌 ì) ( 狀 ì) 獉獉獉獉 { { { { { ~,, ~,,,,,, 1.,, (), (),,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3.,0 1,, 1
0 1 2,:,,,,, 1. :, :, : : : 2.,,, : ;,,,,, ;,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )
1,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,S,,,, S,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0 1,, 3
0 1 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1. (1),, (2),, (3),, (4), (5), ;, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, Q :, Q,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,;,, :,,,,:,,,,,,,,,, 0 1, 5
1.,,,,,,,, 獉 獉 (1) ( ) ( ) 獉獉 (2) 2. (1)( ) A. B. C. D. 獉 (2)( ) A. B. C. D. 獉 (3)( ) A. B. C. D. 獉 (4) ( ) A. B. C. D. 獉 3., 4.,,,,, (30), 5~8 1, 2,,,,,,, 3, 0 ; 1 6 4,,,
,, 5,,,, 6,,:, 獉 獉獉獉 7,, 5. 6.3 7. 8.6 9.,, 171, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 8, (1), ( 80) (2),,, () : 1 10.,,, 0 1, 7
2 / /, / / (, ) 獉獉獉獉 / /, / / (, 獉獉獉獉 ) / /, / / (, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ) (1891~1962),,,,,, () () ( ), 1962,16, 23,,,,,,, 0 1 8
2 1, [, ],,,,,,,,,,, :, 2,,,, (,,,,,),,,,,, ;,, 3 (1895~1904), (), (,,, ),,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,,,, (1) : 烄 烅 烆 2,,,, (2) 0 1 9
30,,;, [ 30,,,,,,, ],,,,, 4,,, [, ] (1~4), 5,,,,,,, :,, ( )[,, ],,, ;,,,, 10, 0,, 2 0 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 3,, (3) () { 烄 烅 烆 5,,, (5)
6,,,,, [, ],,,,,,,,, [,,,,,, ] 823,, [ 23,, ] 6, (6) 7,,,,,, :, : (),, 7,,,,, (7) :,,,,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 2 8, 0 2 1
0 2 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [,, ] 9, [, ],,,,,,;,,,,, ; 10,,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (8) 9,, 10,,,
, (9~10),,,, 烄 烅,, 烆 瑏瑡,,,,, 11,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, [, ] 瑏瑢,,,,,,,,,,, (5~12), :, ; 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 2 (11) 12,, () 烄 烅 烆 () 0 2 3
瑏瑣, 14(12 ), [,, ],,, [,,, ],, (13), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 0 2 4 ( 犳 á) ( 犾犻 à 狀犵 ) ( 犿 ò) ( 狊犺 ù) 獉獉獉獉 ( 犿 é 犻 ) ( 狕犺 ō 狌 ) ( 狊犺 ē 狀犵 ) ( 犿 ó) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狋犻 ǎ 狀 ) ( 狑 ǔ) ( 狔 ì) ( 狊犺 ù) 獉獉獉獉狋 í { 犱 ī 犮犺狌 ò { 犮犺 ā 狅 犫 ó { 犫 á 狅 狇犻 ā 狅 { 狇犻 ǎ 狅 { { { { ~, ~,,~,
2,,, 1., : ;, ;,,; 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,:1.,, :,,,, 23,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0 2 ( ) 5
,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,, :,,,: :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 0, 2 6
2,,,,: :,,,, ;,, 1. (1), (2) (3), (4), (5), 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0 2 7
,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉 ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉 2. ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, A. B. 0 C. D. 2 83. ( )
2 A. C. B. D., 4~6 1 2,,,,:,,,:,, 3,, 4, : :,, 5,,, 6,,,, 7,:,,,,,,,, 獉獉,:, 獉獉 8,,,,, 0 ;, 2,9
0 3 0,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,:,,,:,,,, 9,,,,,,,,, 10,,,, (,) 4.7,, 獉獉獉獉 5.8,,, 6.9 7.,;,;, 8.,,,
3 3 / /, / / (, ) / /, / (, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,) :,,,, (1923~ ),, 20 40, 1983~1984,,,,,,,,,, 0 3 1
1,,, :,60 : :,, [,, ;,,, ], [, ] (1),, 3,, 0,, 3 2 1,, () 2,, 2,,,, (2),,,:,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 3,,
,,, : (3) :,:,: :, :,,:,,,,, [,,, ],,,,, 4 4,,,,,,,: : : :,,,,,, [,,, ]: :,, [ (4), ],:, 0 3 3 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 3
5,,, 5,,,,,, 6,,, 6,, () 7 :,,: [, ] 7, 8, 8,,,,, (7~8),,,, 9, 9 [, ], 10, 10,,,,,, (,, ), (10),, 0, 3 4, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
3 瑏瑡, 11,,, 瑏瑢, (),,,,,,,,,,, [, ], 12, (12),,,:,,,,, 13, [, ], 瑏瑣,,,, (), [,,, 14,, ] (2~13),, 0 3 瑏瑤, 5 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
0 3 6, :,,, [,,,,,, ] (14),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () () 烄 : 烅 : ( ) 烆 : : ( 犮 è 狀犵 ) ( 犳 ù) ( 狕 ō 狀犵 ) ( 犮犺 ā 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狋犻 á 狅 ) ( 狇 ī) ( 犽狌 à) 獉獉獉 { { { {,,,~,,,~,,,,20 1.,,,
3, 2.,,,,, 1., :,,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 0 3 7
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1. (1); (2), (3),, 2. 0,, 3 8,,
,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20,,,,,,,, :,, : 3,,,,,,,, 0 3,,, 9
,,, :,,,, 1~3,,,,,,,,, 獉 1., 2., 3. 4.,, 5~7,,,,,,,,1978,,,, 0, 4 0,:,,
3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5. 6.,, 7. 8., (1) (2) 9.,,,, 0 4 1
4 / //(, ) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 /, 獉獉獉獉獉獉 /, /, 獉獉獉獉 /, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 / /,(,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ) // 獉獉獉獉,/ /, 獉獉 //,/ (, ) 獉獉獉獉獉獉 (1881~1942),,,,,,1920,, 0, 4 2
4 1,,,,,,,,,, [,,, ] 2,,,,,,,,,,, [,, ],,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,, (1) 2,,, (2), 0 4 3
3, :,,,,,,,;,,,,, [, ],,,,, 3,,,, (3) ;, 4,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;, ;, 0 [ 4 4, ; 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
4, ;, ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (5),,,, [,,,, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (4) 5, 0 4 5
(1~5), 6,,,,,,, [, ],,,,,, 7,,,,,,,,,,,,, X,,, : [,,,, 0 ] 4 6 8, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 烄 烌 烅烍 烆 烎 6,, (6) 7,,,, (7)
4, 8,,,,,, [,,,,, ],,,,, (8),;,,,,,,,,,,,,, [,, 19,,, 0 4 ] 7 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
9,,,, [,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ] (6~9), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 9,, () () 0 4 8 ( 狔 ǒ 狌 ) ( 狉 á 狀 ) ( 犵 ù) ( 犱犻 ā 狅 ) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狓 ī) ( 狕 è 狀犵 ) ( 狊 ì) ( 狕犺 ū 狉 ú) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 犵 ā 狀犵 à) ( 犮犺 ì) ( 狕犺 ò 狌 ) ( 犮 à 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 犵 ò 狌 ) ( 犼 ī 狀 ) ( 犺 à 狀 )(à 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉獉狊 ù 狆 í 狀犵 烄 { 犫 ǐ 狀犵 犽 é 烅狓犻 ǔ { 狇犻 à 狅 烆狓犻 ù { { { {,, ~
4,~,,,~,,, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,, 1., :,, ;, 2.,,, :,,,,,,,:,, 0 4, 9
,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0,, 5 0 ;
4,,, :,,,, :,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,0 5,, ;,1
,,,,,,,, 1. ( ) A. 獉獉獉獉 B. 獉獉獉獉 C. 獉獉獉獉 D. 獉獉獉獉 2., (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3), ( ) (4) ( ) 3.,(20 ), 4~7 1,, :,,,,,,,, 2,,, 0, :, 5 2,
4 3,,,,,,,,,,, 4,,,,,,,,:,, 5,,,,,,, 4., 5.,, 6.,, 7. 8.,,,, 9.,,, 0 5 3
5, (, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,),, : 獉 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, : 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 獉獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉獉獉獉 : ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,),, 獉獉獉獉獉獉, ( ) 獉獉獉獉獉獉 (1880~1968), 1880,,,, (AnneSulivan),,,,,,, 0 5 4,,
5,,,,,,,,,,, 1, [, ] 1887 3 3,, 2,,,,,, 4,,,,,,, [,, ] 1, 2, 3, 3,,, [, ], 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 4, 0 5 5
0 5 6 :, [,, ] 5, 5,,, (1~5), [ ], [ ] 6,,,,, dol,, [ dol,,, ],,,,, 7,,, (pin) (cup) (sit) (stand) (walk),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 6, dol 7,
8,,, dol, dol 9,,,,,,, dol,,,,,, [, ],,, 10,, water,,,,,,, [ wa ter, water,, ] 瑏瑡, [ 12, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 5 8, dol (6~8) 9, 10, (9~10) 11, 0 5, 7
,,,,,,,,, ] 瑏瑢,,,,,,,,, 瑏瑣,, (father) (mother) (sister) (teacher), [,,,,,, ],,, (1~13),, 12,, 13, (11~13) () 瑏瑤,,,,, 14,,, ; 0,, ; 5 8, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
5, 15, [, ] 瑏瑥,,,, (14~15), [, ] 瑏瑦,,, 16,,,,,,, 瑏瑧,,,,,,, 瑏瑨,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 17,, 18,, 0 5 9
19,,, ] (16~19) 瑏瑩,,,, 瑐瑠,,,,, 瑐瑡,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, (14~21 ),,, 瑐瑢,, [ ] 瑐瑣, 20, 21,, (20~21) () 22,,, 23,,, 0,, 6, 0 [, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
5, ],,, 瑐瑤,,, 24,,,,,,,,,, (22~24) 瑐瑥,,,, 25~27,,,, 瑐瑦 瑐瑧, : 28~33, 瑐瑨,,,,, 瑐瑩,, (25~33) : 瑑瑠 瑑瑡 瑑瑢, 瑑瑣,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 0 6 1
0 6 2 瑑瑤, 34,,,,,,, 35,,, 瑑瑥,, 36, 瑑瑦,,,,,, 瑑瑧 : 瑑瑨, :,,,,,, 瑑瑩, [,,,,, ] (22~39 ),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪, 38, 39, (34~39) () ()
5 ( 狆 ì) ( 狔 ǎ 狀 ) ( 狇 ī) ( 狇 ì) 獉獉獉獉 ( 犮狌 ō 狀犻 ǎ 狀 ) ( 狕犺狌 ó) (á 狅 ) ( 犮犺 à) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狊狌 ō) ( 犮 ù) ( 犿 í 狀犵狓犻 á) 獉獉獉獉 { { { {,~,,,~, ~,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, 0 6 3
1. : :(1) ;(2) ;(3) 2. ::(1) ;(2) :,, :,,,,,,,,,,: :,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0, 6 4,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,, 5 1. :,,, :,,, 2.,,,, ;,,,,,, :, ;, 0 6 5
,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. (1),,, 0 (2),, 6 62.
1, 2, 3,, 4,, 3.,,,, 4~8 1, 5 2,, :,,,(),,, :,,,,, :, 3,,,,,,a 獉獉獉獉 4,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,, :,,,,,, 0 6 6,,,7
,,,,:,,,b 獉獉獉獉獉 7,,,, 8, (),,,, 9,, 4. 5.3a6b a.: b. : 6.5 7. 8. 9.,,: 5, 5, 812, (1),(2005 ), () : (2), 010., 6,,,300 8
( ) 1.,,,,,, ;, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,, ; 4.,,,, 0 7 0
6 6 /// (, ) 獉獉 // / () 獉獉, :,,, :,,,, 1925,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 1, [, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1, 0 7 1
0 7 2,,,, ],,[,,,,, ],;, (1) [, ],, ; [, ];,,, 2,, 2, [,,,,, ],,,, ; (2),,, [, ], [ ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
3;, 3,, [,,], (), ;, [, ] (1~3),,, 4,,,,,,,, [ ],,,,,,,,, [,,,, ] 5,, [,, ] 6,,, [,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 6 4, (4) 5~6,,, () 0 7 3
,, ] (4~6),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () ( 狇 ì 狀犵 ) 獉 ( 犿 í) 獉 { ( 狋狌 ì) ( 狊犺狌 ò) ( 狔 ā 狀 ) 獉獉獉 ( 犾 ǐ 狀犾犻 è) ( 狕犺狌 ó 狕犺狌 ó) 獉獉獉獉 { {,, ~, ~,,,, ;, 1.,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,, 0, 7 4,
6 1. :,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0 7, 5
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :,,,, 1. (1),, (2), (3), (4), 2.,,, 0,,,, 7 6,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0 7, 7
1., 獉獉獉獉狋狌 ì 狔 ā 狀 狕犺狌 ó 狕犺狌 ó 2.,,,,, 3. (1) (), (2),, ( ) (3) ( ),,, 4~6,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 4. 5., 6. 7., 8., 0 7 200, :1;2 8
7 7 / (,) 獉獉獉獉 / 獉獉 // 獉獉 / 獉獉 / /(,) 獉獉獉獉獉 /(,) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 (1892~1978), 19199 19218,,,,, 19421,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 0 7 9
0 8 0,,, ],,,, 1( ) 1,,,,,,[ (1),,, ],[,, ] 2, 2,,,,,,,,,,, (2) [,,,,, ] 3,,, 3,,,,,,, [, ] 4,,,,,,,, [,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 4,
7 ],,,, [, ] 5,,,,, [, ],,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (4) 5,, 6, 6,,,,,, [, ; ],,, 7,,,,,,,, [ 7, (7), ],,,,,,,[ 0 8 1
0 8 2,,, ] 8,,,,,,,,, [, ] (1~8),, 9, [, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 8, () 9,,,, 10,, 10,,,,, [, ],,,,,,,,,, 瑏瑡,, [ ],, [ ],, [, 11,,
, 12, ],, (9~12) 瑏瑢,,,,,,,,,,,, 瑏瑣,,,,,,,,,,,,[ ] (9~13), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 7 13, () (), ( 狆 á 犻犺狌 á 犻 ) ( 犾 á 狀 ) ( 狆 ì 狀 ì) ( 犺狌 ì) 獉獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狓 ī) ( 狇 í) ( 犮犺 ě 狀犵 ) ( 狋 í 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狀犻 è) ( 犫 è 狀犵 ) ( 狋 à) ( 狀 üè) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狇 í 犱 ǎ 狅 ) ( 犮犺 ó 狌犮犺 ú) ( 狋 ā 狀犵狋 à) 獉獉獉獉獉獉 { { { { ~,,~,, 0 8 3
, ~,,, 1.,,,, 2.,,,,, ;,,,, 3.,,, :,, : :(1) : (2) : (3) :,, (4) :, (5) : :,,,,,,,, 0,, 8 4,,
7,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,, :,,, 1. (1),, (2),,, 0 8 5
(3), 2. :1963,200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (), ( ),,,,,,,,,, ;,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0,,, 8 6,,,
7 :,,, :,,, 1. 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 2. (1), ( ) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) (4) ( ) 3.,,, 4~8 1,,,, 2,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,;,, 0 4,, 8,,7
,,,, 5,,, 6,,, 7,,, 4. : 5.1 2~6 6., 24 7.,5 A. B. 8.,, 9.,,,: (1) (2) (3) 10.,,, 200 0 8 8
8 8, 獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, (, 獉獉獉獉 ), 獉獉獉獉,,, 獉 (,),,, 獉獉 獉獉,,,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, (,) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ( ) (1904~2005),, 1920 1923, 1927,, 1928, ( ) ( ),,, 1942,,,,,,,,, 0 8 9
0 9 0 1,,,,, [, ] 2,, [, ] (1~2),,, 3, [,,,,,,, ], [,, ] 4, [,,,,, ] (3~4), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1, 2,, () 3,, 4, ()
8 :,,, 5, 5, (),,, [,, (), ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 721 (5),, 1,: 2,, [,, ] (1~2), 3,, [ ] 4,,,,,,,, [ 1,, 2, () 3, 4, 0 9 1
,, ] (3~4 ), 5, [ ] 6 [,,,, ] (5~6),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 5, 6,, () () 0 9 2 (é) ( 狊犺 ù 狀 ) 獉獉 ( 犮狌 ō) ( 犺 à 狅 ) 獉獉 ( 狔 ǒ 狀犵 ) 獉 { { ( 犿 ò) ( 狋 ǎ 狀犵 ) 獉獉 ( 狓狌 á 狀 ) ( 狇 ī 狀 ) 獉獉 {,~,,,~ {
8,,, 1.,,,, 2.,,,:,,,, ;,,,, 1.,, :, ( ); 2.,,,,, :,,,,,, 0 9 3
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, :,:,,,,,,,,,,,, 0, 9 4
8,, :,,,,, 1. (1), (2),, (3),, (4),,, (5),, ;,,, 2. :,, 1993, 90,, 199411,, :,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,, 0 9,,,5
,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,;, 1., ( ) 犺 à 狅 ( ) ( 獉獉 2. ) ( ) 狊犺 ù 狀 ( ) 獉,,, 3., 4~7 1,:,,,,,, 2 A,, 3,,, ;,,B :,, 0 4 9 6 5,
8,,, 6 C 4.A B C ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. 6., A,, ( 10 ) 7. (30 ) 8., ( ),, 1 2 3, A.213 B.312 C.231 D.321 9.,,, 0 9 7
9,,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉獉獉 獉獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,,, 獉獉獉, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,; 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,,),,,,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,;, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 (, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ) (1868~1936),, (),,, 1892, 1906,, 0 9 8
9,, 1901, 1905,,,,,, 1, [,, ],, [ ;, ] 2,, [,;, ],, 3, [ ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1, (1) () 2, 3, (2~3) 0 9 9
1 0 0 4,, 4~6,,,, 5,,, : 6, [,, ],,, [ ] (1~6), :,, 7,,,,, [ ] 8,,,, [,,,, ] 9,,,, [ ] 10,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (4~6) () 7~8,, (7~8) 9~11,,
,[ (9~11),,, ] 瑏瑡,,,,,, [,,,,,,, ] (7~11), :,, 瑏瑢 [, ] 瑏瑣,,, [ ],,, 瑏瑤 [,, ] 瑏瑥,,, ;: 瑏瑦 [,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 9 () 12, 13, (12~13) 14~16, () 1 0 1
, () ] 烄 (12~16), :, 烅 烆 ( 狇犻 è) ( 狊犺 ē 狀 ) ( 犳 ě 犻 ) 獉獉獉 ( 狑 ā 狀狔 á 狀 ) ( 犮狌 à 狀 ) ( 狔狌 ā 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉 { { { { ;, ~,, ~, 1905, 1. ; 1905,; ;, 1 2. 0 2, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
9,,,,,,, 1.,, :,,, 2.,,, :,,,,,, (),,,,,,, ( ),, ( ), 3000 :1000,1 0 1000,1000 3
,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,, ;,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,,,, 1. (1) (2) (3), (4),,,, (5),,, 2.,,,, 1,, 0 4,
9 :,,,,,;, ;,,,, :, ;,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;, ;,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 1., 獉獉 2. 犮犺 ǔ 狀 犮狌 à 狀 狔 á 狀獉, 1901 3 1 0, 5
3.,,,, 4~7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,, 4. 5., 6.,, 1 7.,,, 0 6
9 8., 2009,,,, a,,b,,, (1) : (20 ) (2)a b, 9.,,, 1 0 7
10 ( ) / 獉 / 獉獉 // 獉獉獉獉 / //() 獉獉 /(,) 獉獉獉獉 (1883~1931),,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1 0 8
10 1 [, ],, ;, [ ] 2,, ;,, [, ] 3, ; [ ; ] 4, ;, (1~4),, 5,,,;,,,;,,,,, ;, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1, (1) 2, (2) 3, 4, () 5,, 1 0 9
1 1 0 [,, ] (5),, 6,, ;,, 7 ; [,, ] (6~7), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 6, 7, () 1,,,, [, ] 2,,, [,,, ] 3,;,,, [ ] 4, :, ;, 5,;, :, 1, (1 2) 3, 4, 5,,,
[ :, ] 6,,,,, 7,,, [,,,, ] (1~7), 8,, :,, [, ] (8),,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 10 6, 7,, () 8,, () : (), ( 犳 ē 犻 ) ( 犮犺 ì) 獉獉 ( 狕 à 狅 ) ( 犽狌 ì) 獉獉 ( 犮狌 ǐ 犮 à 狀 ) (á 狅 ) 獉獉獉 { { ( 犱 ǎ 狅 ) ( 狀犻 ù) 獉獉 ( 犮狌 ì) ( 犱 ì) 獉獉 { { 1 1 1
,~,~ ~,,,,,,,, :,;,,,,,,,,,,, ::,,,, :,, :, ;,, : ;,, 1, 1 2
10,,,;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, : ; ; ; ; ;, ;,,;,,;, ;, ;,, ;,, :,,,, 1 1, 3
1. (1), (2), (3), (4), 2.,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1,,,, 1 4,,,,,
10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉獉 2. (1) : (2): 3., ( ), 4. (1), ( ) (2),, ( ), 5~8,,,,, 1 1,,:,5
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5. : 6.: 7.: 8., () 9.2009425 29,,, 10., 1 1 6
,,,,,,,, 1. 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,, 5.,,,,,,, 1 1 8
11 11 / /, / / (, 獉獉獉獉 ) / /, / / 獉獉獉,, / / () 獉獉獉獉 :,,,,,, (1959~ ), (),,,,,,,,,;,,, 1,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,, 1 1 9
1 2 0 [ ],,,,,, [ ] (1),,, 2, [ ],,,,,,,?,,:, ;,,,,,,,,, 3,,,, [, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 2,,, 3,,
11,,,,, ] 4,, 40,, 200,,,,, 5, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 4,,, 5, (3~5) 1 2 1
1 2 2 6,, [,,,,,, ],, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 7,,,,,, 8,, [, ],,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 6, (6) 7,,, 8,
9,,,,,,,, (2~9),, 10,, [,,,,,, ] 瑏瑡,,[ 11 9,,, (8~9) () 10, 11,,, ] (),,,,[ ], (),,, ( ) (10~11),,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪, ( 狕犺 ǐ) ( 犽 ū 狀 ) 獉獉 ( 狊狌 ì) ( 狊犺狌 ò) 獉獉 ( 狓犻 á 狅 ) ( 犼 ǐ 狀犵 ) 獉獉 ( 狔 á 狅 ) 獉 1 2 3
{ { { {,,~,,, ~,,, 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 1. : :,,,,,,,,, ;,;,,,, 2., :1, 2, 3 4, 1, 5 2 4 6
11 2341,1,5234, 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 1 2,5
;,,,,,,,,, ;,, :,,,,,,, 1. (1), (2), (3),,, 2.,, 67,8,,,,,,, 80%,,, 1 2 6
11, ;,,,, :,,: :, :,,,,:,,,,,,,,, 1. ( ) A. ( 犽 ū 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉 B. ( 狆 é 狀犵 ) ( 狀 ǐ) 獉獉獉 C. ( 犼 í) 獉獉獉 D. ( 狀 à) ( 狊狌 ǐ) 獉獉獉 2., ( ),( );( ),( ),( ), 1 2 3., 7
(1) (2),,, 4~7 1,,,,,,,, 獉獉 2,,,,, 3,,,(),,,,; 4,,,,,,,,, 5,,, 6,,,,,, 1 7, 2 8 (,)
11 4., 5. 6.1 7.,, 8., ( ) 獉獉 A. B. C. D. 9.,,,, 1 2 9
12,,,,(,) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉獉獉獉,;, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, (,, 獉獉獉獉獉 ) (1976~ ),, 1999,, :,,,,,,,;,,, 1 3 0
12 1 20, 21980, ;16,, [,, ] 3,,,,70,, (1~3), 4,, [ ] 5, [ ] 6, 7 36,,,,, [, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,, 2,, 3, () 4,, 5, 6, 7,, 1 3 1
8,4, 20 1000 20 30,,, :,,,,,, (4~8),,, 9, 9 20 70 20 70, [, ] 10 瑏瑡 1321,,20 20,,,, 1925 1927,,,,3310,, [,,, ] 1952,,,,, 瑏瑢 30, [ 1, ] 3 2 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 8,, () 10, 11, (11) 12,
12,, 130,138, 400, 1 瑏瑣 13,,,, (13) 601321 1000,320,5 [ ],,,, 3 5 [,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ] 瑏瑤 (9~14), 瑏瑥, 瑏瑦, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (12) 14, : () 15~16, 1 3 3
瑏瑧,, 17,,,,,,, 750 瑏瑨 18, 1958, 780,420,, 66%84% [, (17~18),, ],,, 218197 19, 瑏瑩 200,, 20, 瑐瑠, [ ] (19~20),, [,,,, ] 瑐瑡, 21,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1 3 4
12 瑐瑢, 22,,,,,, 23~24, 瑐瑣 瑐瑤,, [, ]30 30 瑐瑥 [,, ] (15~25),, 瑐瑦 瑐瑧,50 8.8,61, 10;,, 50 1.1652 5397,, [, ] 瑐瑨,, [,, ] (26~28), : 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 25, () 26, 27, 28, () () 1 3 5
( 狊 è) ( 犾狌 ǒ) ( 犵 é) 獉獉獉 ( 狓 ù) ( 犫 è 狀犵 ) ( 犺 é) 獉獉獉 ( 狊犺 ì) ( 犫 ì) ( 犾 ǒ 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉狆 ō { 犫 ó 狕 ǎ 犻 { 狕 à 犻 犮犺 ù { 狓 ù 犾 ù { 犾 ò 狌 { { { ~,,,~,~,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 2. :,,,, :,,,, 3. : 1, 3 6,,,
12,,, ::(1),,,, (2)130,138, 400, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ), 400,400, 400,400, 400, 40004000 :, 1 3,7
,,,4000,,,,, 4000,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,, 1980617,,,,, 1996 6,, 5,, 2.,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,, 1 3 8
12,,,,,,,,,,:, :135.46 ( );63.7 ;20 ;, 23% ~ 25%,,, ( ),, : 5000,, 350 1,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 2. ( ) A. 36, B., C. D., 1 3 9
3.,,,,,, 4~7,,,, 獉獉獉獉,,,,,,, 50,,,1000,, 70,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997101,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1,,, 4 0,
4.(1), ( ) A. B. C. D. (2) 5. ( ) A.,, B., C. D., 6. ( ),, 7. 8., : : : : : :, ( ) : : 12 9.,,,, 1 4 1
13,,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, (, 獉獉獉獉 ) ; ;; 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, ;, ( 獉獉, ),, 獉獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉,,, ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, ) (1940~ ), 1962, 1967, 1981,, 198210, :,,,,, 1 4 2
13 1,,,,,,,,,,,,: [ ] 2,, 3,,, 4,,, [, ] 5,,,,,,, 6 (1~6),,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,, 2~4,, (1~4) 5~6, () 1 4 3
7,, 7,,:,,, 12,,, [, ] 8 9 10 [ ] 瑏瑡,, 3, 7, 12, 84,, 66, 6 20, 6, 12, 72, 6, 432 40, 6, 5, 12, 360,, 1512,40,36, 432, 5,2160, 15120, 90720,326592,653184,, 559872,3 2,8 9 1647086,82, 1, [ 4 4 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 8~10,, 11,, (7~11)
13,,, ] 瑏瑢,,,,,, 瑏瑣,,, 13,, 250, [ ] 瑏瑥,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [, ] 12, 瑏瑤,, 14,, [ ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 15,, (15) 1 4 5
,,,,,,,,, 瑏瑦,,,,,[, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 16, 瑏瑧,, 17, :, :,,, (17),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [, ],,,, 1 4 6
瑏瑨, [,, ] 瑏瑩,,,, 250,,,,,,,,, 瑐瑠,,,,,, [, ] 瑐瑡,,,,,,,,,, 瑐瑢,,, 瑐瑣,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 13 18,, 19, (19) 20, 21, 22,, 23, 1 4 7
,, 24, 瑐瑤, 瑐瑥,, 瑐瑦 瑐瑧,,,,,,,,,,,, (7~27), 瑐瑨,,,,,, :,, [, ], :,,, (28), 1 4 8 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 27, () 28,,, () ()
13 ( 狑 ǎ 狀犵 ) ( 狇 í) 獉獉 ( 狓 ì 狀 ) ( 犼 ú) 獉獉 { {,,~, ; ( 狆 ì) 獉 ( 犱 ǔ) 獉 { ( 狕 ǎ 犻 ) 獉 ( 犼 ī) 獉 { ~,,~ : 1.:,,,,,,,, 2.:,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1 4,,9
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,;,,,,, 1,, 5 0,
13,, 365, 365,,, :,,,, 11, 8,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,, 1. (1), (2), (3) (4), 2. 1972 : 20 70 2%, 35, 1800, ( ),, 1 5 2000:12.9533 1
,2032 14.7,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, :,;, 1 5 2
13 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉 ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉 2. (1), ( ) (2) ( ) (3), ( ) (4), ( ) 3. (1), (2),,,, 4.,, 5~7,, 2.5, 200,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,, 7~8,,1 5,,, 3
,3000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50,11, 14 3~5, 1%,,,,, (,) 5. 6., 7., (20) 8.,, () (1), (2),, : ; : 9.,,, 1,,, 5 4
14 14, 獉獉獉獉獉獉 (,) 獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 (, ) 獉獉獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, (, 獉獉獉獉 ),, ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,) (1887~1948),,,, : 1949,,, 1 5,, 5
,,, 1 5 6 1, 3, [, ] 2,,, (1~2),, ;,, ;, 200, [, ] 3 3,, [,,, ]11, (3),,,200,,, (),,, (1~3),,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1, 2,
14 43, 4, 3,,, (4), [,, ],,,,, 5,,, : 1946 411, 642 6,,,,,,,,, [ ],, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 5, 6, (6) 1 5 7
7, 7,,:,,: 8,,,,,,,,, 94,,,, 9,,, [, ],,,,,,,, 10, 5,, (4~10), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 8, (8) 10,, () 1 5 8
瑏瑡 1943, 11,, [,, 12, ] 3, 瑏瑢, 3,,,,, 瑏瑣,,, 3 (11~13),,,,,, (ǎ 犻 ) ( 犼犻 ā 狀 ) ( 狓 ǐ) ( 犽狌 ī) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狊犺 ò 狌 ) ( 狆 ǔ 狔 ù) ( 犱犻 ā 狅 ) 獉獉獉獉 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆, 烄烅 烆,,~, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 14 13,, () (),~, 1 5 9
,,, : 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,3,,,;,,,,,,, 1, 6 0 ( )
14,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, ;,,,, ;,,,,,, :,,, 1. (1), ;, (2),,,, 2.,,, : 1 6,,,1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,( ),,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( )( ),,,, 11., 6 2
14 2. (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) (4), ( ) 3.,,, 4~7 1, 430,2000 ;,; 2,, 500 2500,,,,, 3,,, 1, ;3500,,,,,,,, 4,,,, 5 4.1 ( ) A., B., C., D., 1 6 3
5.,:( ) ( ) ( ) 6.4 7., 8., 10.,,,, 1 6 4
15 15 // /:(,,) 獉獉 /, 獉 /, 獉獉獉獉獉, 獉獉, 獉 / ( ) 獉獉 (1926~1977), 1000 1957,,, 1976, () () ( ) ( ),,,, 1 6 5
1, 2,,,, [, ] 3, 4 5, 6 7, [ ] 8, 9 10,, 瑏瑡, : 瑏瑢, 瑏瑣,,,,, [,, ] (1~13),,,, 瑏瑤 : 瑏瑥 : 瑏瑦 [, 1 ] 6 6 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1~2,, 3~6, (1~6) 7~12,, 13, () 14, 15~17,,
15 瑏瑧,, [,, ] 瑏瑨, 瑏瑩, 瑐瑠,,, [ ] 瑐瑡,,, 瑐瑢 瑐瑣 瑐瑤,,,,,, [ ],,, :,[,, ], 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 18~19, 20, (14~20) 21~23,, 24,, (24) 1 6 7
瑐瑥, 25,,,, (25),, 瑐瑦,,,,,,, [ ],,,,,, 瑐瑧,, : 瑐瑨,, [,,,, ] 瑐瑩,, 1,: 6 8 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 26,,, (26) 27, 28, 29~30,
15 瑑瑠 瑑瑡, 瑑瑢, 瑑瑣,,, [ ] 瑑瑤, 瑑瑥 瑑瑦, 瑑瑧,, 瑑瑨,, (14~38 ),,,, 瑑瑩,, 瑒瑠,, 瑒瑡,, [, ; ; 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 31~37,, (29~37) 38, () 39, 40~41, (39~41) 1 6 9
1 7 0 ;,,,, ] 瑒瑢,,,,,,,, [, ], 瑒瑣,, 瑒瑤,,,, [, ] 瑒瑥,,, 瑒瑦,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 42, (42) 43, 44, 45,, 46,,
15 [ (43~46) ] 瑒瑧,,,,,, [,,, ], 瑒瑨, [ ] 瑒瑩,,, 瑓瑠,,,, [,, ] 瑓瑡, [,,, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 47, (47) 48, 49,, 50, 51,, 1 7 1
(39~51),,,,, 瑓瑢,,,, 瑓瑣 [,,, ] 瑓瑤,,,,,,,,,, [, ] 瑓瑥,, 瑓瑦, [ :,,, ] (52~56),,,,,,,,,,, 1,, 7 2 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 52~53, 54, 55~56, () () : () : ( ) : () : ()
15 ( 狊犺 ě 狀 ) ( 犿 ó 狌 ) ( 犾 ǚ) ( 犿 ǎ 狅 ) 獉獉獉獉 ( 犽狌 í) ( 犽 ā 狀犵犽 ǎ 犻 ) ( 犮犺 è) ( 狓犻 ā 狅狔 á 狅 ) 獉獉獉獉獉獉 { { { {,~, ~, ~,,~,,:,,,, 1.,,, 2.,, :, 1. :,,,,,,,,,,, 1 7 3
2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ;,,, 2% 5% 10 10,,, 1, 0.5, 7 4
,,,,,,,,,100, 1,,, :,,, ;,,, 1. ( ),,, ; ; 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,, 1 7 5
,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. (1),( ) ( ), 獉獉, (2),( ), 獉 2. (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) 3.,,,, 1 7 6
15, 4~7 1,,, 2 60%, 5,12,5 590,5% 3, 獉獉,,90, :, 1990, 4,,, 2000 86, 2008 300, 2000 2600, 2008 7.1,, 獉獉獉獉 5,,,, 20076, 20085,, 20095,,, ( ),,, 3,5, 6,,10,, 7,,, 8,,1 7 7
4.,4 5.5~7 6.3 7.,,, :2009 ( ), 38, 22, :,,, 8., (1), A., B., : () : (2),,, :;,,; (1) : : 9., 1,,,, 7 8,
,,, 1.,,,,, ;,,, 2.,, ; 3.,,, 4.,,,,,,,, 1 8 0
16 16 / //(,,) 獉獉獉 // 獉獉獉獉獉獉 / / 獉獉獉獉獉 / / 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 // 獉獉 / / 獉獉 / / (,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉 ) (1902~1988),,, 6,,,,,,,,1,,, 8 1
1, [,, ] (1),, 2,,,, [, ], [,, ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 8 2 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,,, () 2,,, ( ) : ; ;, (2)
16,,, 3,,,,,,, [,,,,, ], (,),,, [, ] (2~3),, 4,,,,,,, ;, [,,,,,,, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 3, (3) () 4,,,,,,,,,, 1 8 3
1 8 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4),,, 5,,,,,,,,,, [,,,,, ],,,,,,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 5,,,,,,,,,,
,[, ],,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :,, (5),,,,, ( 狀狌 ò) 獉 ( 狓 ī) 獉 { ( 狆 ì) 獉 ( 犮犺 ó 狌 ) 獉 { 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 ( 犺狌 ì) ( 犱 ū 狀 ) 獉獉 ( 犵 ū) 獉 {, ~, { () (),,,,,,, ~, 16,, 1., 1 8, 5
,,, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,, 1.,, ::,,,,,,,,,,,, 2., :,,,,,,( ),,,, ;,, 1,, 8 6,,,
16,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1 8 7
,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,, :, :, :, : :,,, ( :,, ) :,, :,,, 1,,; 8 8,,
16,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., (1)( ), 獉 (2), 狓 ī( ),, (3),( ), 獉, (4), 犺狌 ì( ) 2., (1),,, 獉獉獉獉 (2), 獉獉獉獉 3. (1),,, (2),,,,, 1 8 9
, 4~7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,55, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 獉獉 13,,, 18 1767,,,,, 1 9 0 (,)
16 4., 5., : : : 6., 7.,, :, :1995, :,200 8.,,,,,,,,,, (1), [ ], : A., : B., : (2),,,, : : 9., 1 9 1
17 // / (,, 獉獉獉 ) / / 獉獉 // / 獉獉 / / / 獉獉獉獉獉 / / 獉獉獉獉獉 / 獉獉獉 (,) 獉獉獉獉獉 / / / / / / 獉獉 / / / (,,) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 1 9 2 (1920~1997),,,,2000,,,,,,,,,,,
17,,, [, ],,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 1, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [,, ],, :,,,,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 1 9 3
] (1),,, 2 2,,,,,,: [,,,,, ],,:,, [, (2) :,, ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,, ;,, [, 1, 9 4, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
17 ] 3,, [, ],,,,,, [, ],,,, (2~3),, 3, (3) 4, 4,,,,, (4),,,,,,,,,, [ ] 5, 5,,,,,,, 1 9 [, 5 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 ()
,, 6, ] 6,,,,,,,, [,,,,, ] (4~6),,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () () 烌 烍 烎 ( 犿 é 犻 ) ( 狀 á 狀犵 ) ( 犿 é 犻 ) ( 狕犺 ě 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狓犻 à 狀 ) ( 狔 ì 狀 ) ( 狕 ò 狀犵 ) ( 狑 à 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉 ( 犼 í) 獉 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆,,~, ~,,, 1, 9 6,,
17,,,, 1.,,, :,,,,,, 2.,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 9,,, 7
,,, ( ),,,, :, :,,,,,, :, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 2.,,,,,,,,,,, 1 9, 8
17,, :,,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,, ;;,,,,, 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉獉 2. (1) : : (2): : 3.,,, 1 9 9
, 4~7, ( ),,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, () 4., 5., 6. ;,, 2, 0 07.
17 8.,, :, 1:20071216,,,1 2:2008,14: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3:, 9., 200 2 0 1
18,, 獉獉獉獉 (,),,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,, (),,, 獉,, (, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ) (1910~1999),,,, 1946, ( ) :,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,, 2 0 2
18 4,, [,, ] 120 1,,,, [,, ] ( ) (1),,,,,,,,, [ ] 2, 2,, [,, ] 3, 3,,,,,, () (1~3),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 2 0 3
2 0 4 5:,,,,, 6,,,,,,:,,,,, 7, :,,,, [, ] 8,,, :, [,,, ] 9, :, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 4, 5 6, 7 (5~7) ( ) 8, (8) 9,
18 (), ( ), : [ ] 10 [, ], ( ),,, ;,,,,,,,, (4~10),,, 瑏瑡, [,,, ], :,,:,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (9) 10, (10) () 11,, (11) 2 0 5
2 0 6 ( ) 12, ( ),,, 瑏瑢 13,, [ (13) ] ( ),,,, 14,, [,, ] () 瑏瑣,, :, () : ( ), ( ) 烄 烅 ( ), 烆 ( ) 瑏瑤,,, (11~14), ( 犾 á 犻 ) ( 狓 ū) ( 狓狌 à 狀 ) ( 犺 é) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狋 é 狀犵 ) ( 犾 ǔ) ( 狔 ò 狌 ) ( 犫 ō) 獉獉獉獉 ( 狕狌 ǒ) ( 狊犺 ú 犼犻 ē) ( 犺 ú 狀狋 ú 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 { { { 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
~,, ~,,, ~,,, 1. 2. (1),,, (2), : 3.(),,,: :,,4,,,,,,, 18,,,,,, 2 0 7
,, :, :,;,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,, :, :,,, ;,,;, ;,, ;, :,,,, ;, ;,,,,,, 2,,,, 0 8,,
:,,,, 1.,, ;, ;,,,,, ;, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,;,2 0,,, 9
:, :,, :,,,, :,, :,,,, 1. 犺 é( ) 狊犺 ú 犼犻 ē( )( ) 犫 í 狇 í( )( ) 2.,,, 3., 4~7,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,, ; 2,,, 1 0,,,
, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.:, 5., 6. 7.,3 8. (20) 913,,, 20067,,,20044,2006 18 9.,, 2 1 1
19 (,) 獉獉 /, 獉 /, 獉 // (,) 獉獉獉獉獉 (1918~2006), 30, (),,,,,,,,,, 50,,,, :,,,,, 2 1 2
19 1,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [,,, ],, 2,,,,,, :,,,,, [,, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,, (1) 2,, (2) 2 1 3
3,,, (),,,,,,,,,, [,, ],, [, ] 4,, :,,,,,,, (1~4), 3, (3) 4, () 5,, [ ],, 12, 5,,11,, (5) (, ), ( ),,,,, 6, 6,,,,[ 2, 1 4 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
],,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 19 (6) 7,,,,,, 8,,,,, [ ; ],:,, 7, 8,, () :, (5~8), 9,, 9,, ~ 10,,,, :, 10, () [ (), ] (9~10), 烄, 烅 烆,, 2 1 5
2 1 6 ( 犵 ǒ 狌狇 ǐ) ( 犽 ǎ 狀 ) ( 狔 ǐ 狀 ) ( 犮犺 ó 狌 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狑 ē 犻犱 ù 狀 ) ( 犼犻 á) ( 狆 ē 犻 ) 獉獉獉獉 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆, ~, 烄烅 烆,~,,,, ~,, 1.,, ;,,, 2. : (),, :,,,,, 1. :,
19,, :,,, 2. ::, ;,,,, :, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,2 1,,,,,7
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,,,,,4000 1911,, ( 1 2 ),,,, ;,,,,, 2 1 8,,
19,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,,,,, 1., ( ) ( ) 犮犺 ó 狌 ( ) 獉獉 狔 ǐ 狀 ( ) 狀犻 à 狀 ɡ( ) 2. ( ) A.( : ) 獉獉 B. ( : ) 獉獉 C.,,, 獉獉獉獉, ( :, ) D.,,,, ( : 獉獉 ) 3., (1) 獉獉 (2): 獉獉獉 4., 2 1 9
, 5~8,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,( 狓 í 狀犵,),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 5. 6. (1),,, (2),,, 7., 8., : : 9., 210.,, 2,300 0
20 20 / /, // / /, / / (, ) / /,/ / / /, / / (, ) (1942~ ),, 1960,,1974, 1978,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 2 2 1
2 2 2 1,,,, [, ] 2,,,, (1~2),, 3,,,,,,,, [,,, ], :,, 4,, [ ],,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1, 2, () 3, (3) 4,
20, 5,,,, (4~5) 5,,,,, 6, :,,, 6, : [,, ], 7 8,,,, ;,, [, ],, [ ] 9,,,, [, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (6) 7, 8,, 9, (8~9) 2 2 3
2 2 4 10, :, [, ] 瑏瑡, 瑏瑢,,,,,,, : 瑏瑣,, [,,, ] 瑏瑤,,,,, (3~14),, 1,,,,,, ;, [,, ],,,,,,,,,;,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 10~11,, 12, 13, 14, () : : () 1,,, (1)
20 [,,,,,,,, ] 2, [, ] 3,,,,,,,, [ ] 4,,,,,,;,, [,, ], 5,,, [, ],,,,, [,,, ] (1~5),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 3, : (3) 4, : (4) 5,, () 2 2 5
6,, 6,, [, ],,,:, ;,,,,, ;,,, 7,,,,,,,,,,, [, ],,,, 8,,,,,,,, [,,,, ],, 9,,,,,[ 2, 2 6 ], 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 7, (6~7) 8,, 9, (8~9)
20 10,, 10,,,,,,,, [ ] 瑏瑡, 11,,,:, (10~11),,, [,, ;, ] 瑏瑢,,,,,,,,,, [, ],, : 瑏瑣 ( ),,, 瑏瑤,,,,, (6~14),,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 12~13,, (12~13) 14, () 2 2 7
瑏瑥,,,, (15),,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () () ( 犱 ū 狀 ) ( 狊犺 ú) ( 狊犺 ǎ 狀犵 ) ( 犿 ě 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉獉 ( 犼犻 ù) ( 犮犺 ù) ( 犽 ō 狌 ) ( 犮犺狌 ō) 獉獉獉獉 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆 烄烅 烆,, ~, () ~,,,, ~,,,, ( ),~,, 2, 2 8
20 1.,, 2.,,,,,,,,,:,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,:, ( ),,,, ( ) 2 2 9
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () :,,,, 2, 3 0
20 1.,,,, (1826~1906),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 3 1
,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉獉獉 2., ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 3.,, 4~7,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 2,,,,, 3 2,,,,
20,,,,,,,,, :,,,:,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,:, :,,,,,, 4., ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. C. B. D. 6. 7. 8., :, 9.,,, 2 3 3
( ),,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 3 5
21 / /, / / (, ) 獉 / /, // 獉獉獉 / /, / / (, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ) //, / / (, 獉獉獉 ) :,,,,,,,,, (496~520),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ( ), 2 3 6
21 1, 1,,,, :,, [ ](),,,,,, :, (),, [ : : (), ] (1),,,, : : 2, (), 2,, ( 狆犻 ǎ 狅 ) [ : ;, :], ( 狋狌 ā 狀 ): :, [ : : ] () (2), 3,,,, ( ),,,,,,, : [, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 3,,,,,,,2 3 7
2 3 8 :(),, :,, :, : ], ; ( ), ;, :, [,, : : ] [ ], :,,,, :,, ;, ;, ( 狔狌 ā 狀 ) ( 犾 ì): [,, : :, :, ],, ;, ;, : :, [ : ] (3), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪,,,,,,,, () () : : { : ( 狆犻 ǎ 狅 ) ( 狓狌 ā 狀犿犻 ǎ 狅 ) ( 犾 í 狀犵犾 í 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狔 ī 狀犵狔 ī 狀犵 ) ( 狔狌 ā 狀犾 ì) ( 犾 ú 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 犽 ē) ( 犽狌 ī) 獉獉
, 獉, 獉 : : 獉, :, :, 獉 :, : 獉獉 : : 獉 ( ) { 獉, ( ) 獉 () { ( ) 獉獉 { 獉 ( ) () { 獉 () () 獉獉 1.,(,, ) 獉獉 2.,(,,,) 獉 3.,(,,, ) 獉 4., (,,, 獉獉 ) 5.,(,,,) 獉 6.,(,,, ) 獉 7.,(,, 獉, ),, 21 1.,,,, ;,,,, 2.,,,, : 2 3,, 9
3.,, 1. :,, ;,, :, ;,,, 2.,, :(1),,,, (2),,, :,, (3),;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 2 4 0 () 1,, 2,,
21,,,,,,,,,, :1 : 2 : :,,, 1. :, :,,,, : :,,,, 2. (1),, (2), (3),,,,, 1.,,,,, :,, :,,, 2. :,,, 2 4 ;,,,,, 1
, 3.,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 1. ( ) A.( ) 獉 B. ( ) 獉獉 C.() 獉 D.() 獉獉 2. (1), (2), ( ) 獉 ( ) 獉 ( ) 獉獉 ( ) 獉 3.,,,, 4. (1), (2),;,,, 5~8,,,:, 2,:,, 4 2,,,,,
,, :,,,, 5. ( ) A.( ) B.( ) 獉獉 C.(, ) D.( ) 獉獉 6., ( ) 獉 A. B. 獉獉 C.,,, D. 獉獉 7. (1) (2) 8., 9. (1) :, (2) : 21 10.,,,,,200 2 4 3
22 /,/ (,)/, / /, / /,/ /, / /, / /,/ /, / (, ) :,,,, (365~427),, ( ), (405),41,,, 20 120, 6, 2,,,, :,,,,,,, 2 4,,, 4,,
22 1,,,,,, [ ] :, :, : :,,,,, ;,,, ( 犺 à 狅 ): : [, :,, ],,,, ;,;, : :, [,, :,, :, ( 狕犺 é): : ], [ ] : :, :,, ;,,,,,, : [,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,,, :, ; ;, ;, () 2 4 5
, : : : :, : ],, :, :, [, : ] (1), 2 : : ::,, ( 狇犻 á 狀 ):, [ : : () ] : :, [ ( 犮犺 ó 狌 ): ]( ),, ( 狊犺 ā 狀 ɡ): [ : (),,, ] (2), ( 狇犻 á 狀犾 ó 狌 ) ( 狊犺 ì) 獉獉獉 ( 犱 ā 狀 ) ( 犼 í) 獉獉 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 2,, ( 狕犺 é) ( 犾 ì 狀 ) ( 犺 è) 獉獉獉 ( 犮犺 ó 狌 ) ( 狊犺 ā 狀犵 ) ( 狔 à 狀 ) 獉獉獉 2 : : 4 獉獉 6
22 :, :, 獉 :, : 獉獉 (, ) { 獉 ( ) 獉 (, ) { () 獉獉 ( ) { 獉 (, ) 獉 (, ) { (, ) 獉獉,(, ) 獉,, 1.,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,, ::, :, :,, :,,,:,,,, ;, 2 4 ;,7
,,, ( ),,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,, 1. :,,,,,, 2. (405), (41),, :,, :,,, 2 4 8,
22,,, (,) ( ) (,),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;;, ;,,,,, 1. (1), (2), 2. (1) (2) (3) 獉獉獉獉 (4) (5) (6) 獉獉獉獉獉獉 3. (1) ( ),, (2),, 4. (1), (2),, 5~9 2 4 :, 1,,,9
,,,,,, 2, : 3 :,, : : 4,,,,,, :1:, 2( 狇犻 à 狅 ): 3: 4: 5. ( ) A. (,) B.() 獉獉 C. () D. ( ) 獉獉 6. ( ) A. { 獉 B. { 獉, 獉獉 C. { 獉 D., { 獉, 獉獉 7.,,, 8. 9. ( ) 10., ( ) 1, 2 : 3, 4,15% 5 A.24315 B.53241 C.35241 D.45123 11.,,,,,,,300 2 5 0
23 23 / //, / // (,) 獉獉獉獉 / / /,(,,) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 / / / 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 (768~824),,( ),,,,,,,,,,,, (795~800),,, ;,(),,,,, ;,,, ;, :,, 2 5 1
2 5 2 1,,, :,, [, :, ],,,,, : ( 狕犺 ǐ):, [ :, :, : : : :, ] (1), 2,, : : : [ :,,, ] [ ] ( 狊 ì):, :, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,,, :, :,, () 2, :,,,, ()
:, : : [,, :, : : :,, ] (2), 3,,, : : [ :, :( ),,, ] (3),, 3, ;,,,,, :,, [ : ( ), :,, : () :,: ]( ),: () ( 狕犺 ǐ) ( 狆犻 á 狀 ) ( 犮 á 狅犾 ì) ( 狊 ù) ( 狊 ì) ( 狔 é) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 (, ) 獉 (,, ) 獉 (, ) 獉 (,, ) 獉, : : 獉 : : 獉 : : ; 2 獉 5, 3 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 23
獉 ( ) { () 獉 ( ) { () 獉獉 ( ) { 獉 ( ) 獉 (, ) { ( ) 獉獉烄 (, ) 獉烄 (,) 獉 烅 (, ) 烅 ( ) 獉獉烆 (, ) 烆 (, ) 獉獉 (1) ( ) 獉 ( ) 獉 (2) ( ) 獉 (3) () 獉獉 (4) (, ) 獉,,,, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, :,, 2,,, 5 4,,,
23, (),,,, ;,,,,,,,,, (,), ( ),; ( ),,,,,, ;,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,, 1. (1) (2),, (3),, 2. (1),, 2 5 5
(2), (3), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,, 2 5 6 1. (1) (2) (3) 獉獉獉 2., ( ) ( ), 3. (1), : (2),: (3), :, 4~6
23 1 2,, 3 4, 5,,,, 6, 7,,, 8, :, :1 2 : 3 :, 4: :, : 5:, 6:, 7: 8 : 4. (1) (2) 獉獉 (3) (4), 獉獉獉 5. (1), (2) 6., ( ) A. ; B. ; C., : D.,:, 7.,, :: :, ;, 8.,,,,, 2, 5 7
24 ( ) //, // / /, / 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 / (, ) 獉獉 / /,/ / //, / 獉獉獉獉 / () / / / / ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉, ) (1310~1381),,, (),,,,,,, (1378),,,,,, :,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 2 5 8
24 1,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, [ :, :,,,,,],, :, [ :, ],, [ ] : :, :,, :,,, [ (), ( 狊犺狌 ò):, : ],, [ ] :, :,,, [ ] : :,,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, () 2 5 9
;,,;,,,;,,,;,,, : : ( 犮犺 ì 犱狌 ō): [ : ( 狊 ì): ] (1), 2,,,,,,,,, [ ( 狇犻 è ) ( 狔 è)( 狓 ǐ):,() :, ( 犼 ū 狀 ): ],,,,,,,, : : ( 狔 ì 狀犵 ): [ : : ( 狇 ī 狀 ): ],,,, : [ : ],,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, :, 2 6,, [ :, 0 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 2, :,,,,,,,, ()
( 狓犻 ù):,, ( 狔 è): ( 狔 ù 狀 ): :, : ], [ ] : : :, (2), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () ( 狊犺狌 ò) ( 狇 ī 狀 ) ( 狔 è) ( 犮犺 ì 犱狌 ō) ( 犼 ū 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狔 ì 狀犵 ) ( 狇犻 è) ( 狔 è 狓 ǐ) ( 狔 ù 狀 ) ( 狇 ǐ) 獉獉獉獉獉獉 (, ) 獉 (,) 獉 : : 獉, : : 獉 : : 獉 : : 獉 獉 () { ( ) { 獉 ( ) () 獉獉烄 () 獉 (, ) ( ) 獉 { 獉, () 烅 ( ) 獉獉 (,,) 獉烆 () 獉 (1) ( ) 獉 ( ) 獉 () 獉獉獉獉 24 2 6 1
(2) ( ) 獉 ( ) 獉,, 1.,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, :, ;,,,,, 1. : : 1,, 2, 3,, 4 2. :,,,,,, (, ),,,,, 2,, 6 2,,,,
24,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ( ) :,, : : : :, ;, ;,, : ::, ;, ;,, 1.,,,:,, :,, ;,,,:,, 2. (1), (2), (3) (4), 2 6,,3
, ;,, : ( ),; ;,,,,,,,,,, 2009,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,, 1. (1), 獉 (2),, 獉獉 (3), 獉獉 (4),, 獉獉 22.,, 6 4,
, 3. (1),, (2),, (3),, 4~6,,,,,, 獉,,:,,,, 獉獉,,, : 獉, : :, 4. (1)( ) (2)( ) (3)( ) (4)( ) 5. (1), (2) 6.,, 7.,,, ; 24, ;, 8. ( ),,,,, 2 6 5
25 / //, / // ( 獉獉獉獉,) / / /, / // ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉, ) (772~842), ( ),() (805),,,,,,,, (803~852), ( ),,,, (1236~1283),,,, (), (1037~1101),,,,,,,, 2 6,,, 6
25 (1270~1329),,,,, 8,,, (826),,,,,,, (842~844),,,,, (1278),,,,,,,, (1076), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,( ),,,,,, : [ : 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪,, 2 6 7
22,,23 ],,,, : [,,, :,,,,],,,,,,,, :, [ :, ],,,,, (),,,,, :, [, : : : ],,,, : [,, 2 6 8 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
:,,, :,, (), ] (),,,, :, 21,, :, : ; [, : :, (1275), ],,,,,, ;, [ : 20, ],,,,,,,,;,,, :,, [,, : ],,,, 2 6 9 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 25
:,, [ :,,, ],,,,,, [ ], :, 1 : [, :,], [ ],,,, :, [ : : : : ] 2,,,, ( )(), :, [ :, ],,,, :,, [ : ] 2 7 0 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () (), ( ), ( ) () : :
,,,, [ ] :,,,,,, :, [, ;, : ],;, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1~3, 4~7 8~11,, () ( 犽 ē) ( 犼 ǐ) ( 犾犻 á 狅 ) ( 狇 ǐ) ( 犮犺 ó 狌犮犺 ú) ( 狇狌 è) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 { { { : : 獉 : : 獉 : :, 獉,, 25,2 7, 1
,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, (1),,,,, (2),,,,,,,, 2 7 2,,,
25,,,,,,, 1., :,,,,, ;,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 2 7 3
:,,,, 1. (1), :, (2) :, (3), :, :, 2. (1), (2), (3),,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :, ;, ; ( ),,, 2 1. 7 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉
( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉 2. (1) (2) 獉獉 (3) (4) 獉獉獉獉獉 (5) 獉獉 3. (1) :, (2) :, (3) :, (4) :,, 4~7,,,,, 4. ( ) ( ) ( ) 獉獉獉獉 5. ( ) A. B. C. 6.,, A. B. C. D. 7., ( ) 8. 111,,,, :,,,; :,,, 25 9., 2 7 5
1.,,,,, 2.,, 3.,,,,, 4.,,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,, 2 7 7
26 (, ) 獉, ; 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, ; 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 (,,) ; 獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉,,, 獉獉獉獉獉 (,) (773~819),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :, 2 7 8 1,,,,,,,,( ) 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,,,
: : ( 犺狌 á 狀 ɡ): [ :, : ],,,,, (),, :,, [ ( ] 犾犻 è):,,,,,,,, : [ ( 犮犺 í) ( 狔 ǔ), ( 犽 ā 狀 ) :,,, ],,,,,,, [ ] : ( 犮 ē 狀犮 ī): : (1),, 2,, [ ], :,, :, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪,,,,,, ( 狔 ǐ): ( 犮犺 ù), [ : ( 狓 ī): ] (2),,, 26 () 2,,, () 2 7 9
3,,,, :, [ : :, ], [ ] ( 犮 ī): (3), 4,,,,,,,,,, [ ] :, ( 狊狌 ì):, [ ], :, : (4), 5 :,, :,,, :, :, :, [ : ] (5), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 3,, () 4,, () : :, () 烄 烅 烆 : 2 8 0 ( 犺狌 á 狀犵 ) ( 犾犻 è) ( 犮犺 í) ( 狔 ǔ) ( 犽 ā 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狔 ǐ) ( 犮犺 ù) ( 狓 ī) ( 狊狌 ì) 獉獉獉獉 獉 : : 獉獉 : :
(,) 烄獉 烅 (, ) 獉烆 (,, ) 獉, ( ) { 獉 ( ) 獉 (, ) { 獉 ( ) 獉 獉 (, ) { (, ) 獉 (,) 獉,(,, 獉獉,),(, ) 獉 (,, ) 獉獉,, 1.,, : ;, ;,, ; 2. ;,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 26 2 8 1
:,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 1,;,,;,,, 2,, 3,,,,, ; 4, 5, 6, ;, :1( 狑 ǎ 狀 ɡ): 2( 狀 ǎ 狀 ɡ): 3( 狕 è): 4(ɡā 狅 ): 5(ɡò 狌 ): 6( 狋 ǎ 狀 ɡ):,, :,, 2,, 8 2,
26 1. (1),, (2), (3),, 2.,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2 8,, 3
1. 狔 ō 狌,, 狕 à 狅, 犮犺 í,, 狔 í, 2. ( ) A.{ 獉 { B. 獉 { C. 獉 D. { 獉 獉獉獉獉 3.,, 4~6, 1,,, 2,, 3 4,,,, 5 獉獉,,,;,,,, 獉, ( ) :1 : 2 : 3:, 4 :,, 5 : 4. (1) (2) 獉獉獉 5., 6., 7.,,,,, 8., 2,,,300 8 4
27 27 / /, / / ( ) 獉獉獉獉 / /, / / (, 獉獉獉獉獉獉 ) / /, // (, 獉獉獉獉獉 ) / /, / / (, 獉獉獉獉 ) (989~1052),, ( ),,,,, (1045),, 1046,,,,,, 1,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,, 2 8 5
2 8 6 [ :,, ( 狕犺 é): : :, ] : 1044,,,,, :, : : [ : :,, : ],,,,,,,, :, : :, [ :, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪,,,,,,, (),, :, [ : ] : : :, [ :,, ] 2,, (1), 2, :,,, [,,,,, ;, : ] (),,,,, ;, ;(),, : : : [ ( 犺狌 ī): : : ], :,,,, [ :, ], :,, [ : ] ( ),, ( )
: ] (2), 3,,,,,, ;,,, ;, ; ;,,;, :,, [ ( 狔 í 狀 ): :( ) ( 犺 á 狅 ): : : : ( 狇犻 á 狀 ɡ): ( 犼 í): : : ( 犿 í 狀 ɡ 犿 í 狀 ɡ): :, :, ], 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪, ( ),,,,,,, :, :, [ :, : : ( 犮犺 á 狀 ): : : ] 4,,,,, ;,,,;, ;,,, :,, [ : : : : : : :,, 27 3,,, (3) 4, (4) 2 8 7
2 8 8 : ( 狕犺 ǐ): ( 狋 ī 狀 ɡ): :],,,,(),,,,, :,, [ : : :, : : ],,, ( ),,, : ( 狔 í): :, [ : ( 狓犻 é): : () : ] (3~4), 烄,, 烅, 烆 (2~4),, 烄 烅烆 5,, :, ( ), [, :, : : :, :, :, (, ) ] ( )( ),, ; ; ;,, ( ), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 5,,,,
27 : :, [,,,,, :,, ], ( ),, [ ] :, :, :, : :,:, ( ), [ :, :, ] 6 () (5~6):, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () () ( ) ( ) ( 狕犺 é) ( 狊犺 ā 狀犵 ) ( 犿 í 狀犵 ) ( 狋 ī 狀犵 ) ( 犺 à 狅 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狓犻 é) ( 狔 í 狀 ) ( 狕犺 ǐ) ( 狇犻 á 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉獉,(,,) 獉 (, ) 獉, 獉 : : 獉獉 : : 獉獉 : : 獉獉 : : 2 8 9
{ 獉 () ( ) 獉 ( ) { ( ) 獉獉 { 獉 () ( ) ( ) { 獉 ( ) 獉獉 ( ) { 獉 ( ) 獉 ( ) { ( ) 獉獉 (1), (, 獉獉 ) (2) (,,,, ) 獉,,,, 1.,,,,,, ; ;,,,;,, 2.,,,,,,,,, ::,,, 2,,,,, 9 0,,,
27,,,,,,:,,, :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,,, :,,,,,,, 1. (1),,;,, (2), ;, 2.,,,, 2 9,,,, 1
:,,,,,,,, ( ) :,,,,: :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,,, :,,,,, 2 9 2 1. ( ) A. ( 狕犺 é) 獉 B. ( 犺 à 狅 ) 獉 ( 狔 í 狀 ) 獉 ( 犳 ē 犻 ) 獉 ( 犺狌 ī) 獉 ( 狕犺 ǐ 狋 ī 狀犵 ) 獉獉
C. ( 狊 ā 狅 ) ( 狇犻 á 狀 ) ( 犿 ǐ 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉 D. ( 犺 á 狅 ) ( 犼 í) ( 狔 í) 獉獉獉 2.,,,,, ( ),, 3. ( ) A. 獉獉 B. 獉獉 C. 獉獉 D. 獉獉 4. (1),,, (2),, 5~8 27 1,, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 3,,,,,, 2 獉 9, 3
,,,,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.2 6.3 7.5,,,,, 8.,, 9.,,,,, 10.,,,,,300 2 9 4
28 28 /, /, / / / 獉獉獉獉獉獉 /, / / (,) 獉獉獉獉 /, /, / / ( 獉獉獉獉獉,) / /, / / ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,,) (1007~1072),,,, ( ),,,,,,, ;,,, (1045),,,,,,,,, 2 9 5
[ ] 1 : ( 犮犺 ú):, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 1,,,, 1,,,, :, :,, [ ( 犺 è):, :,, :, ],,,, ( ),, :, :,, [ :, :,,, ],,, :,, [ : : () : ] :, [ : ],,,,,, :, ( 狕犺 é):, [ :, ],, ( ) :,, [ : ] 2,, 9 6
[ ] :, : :,, (1), 2,,,,,,,(), :, :, [ : : : :, ( 犿 í 狀 ɡ): ( 犺狌 ì): : ] (),,,,,,,,,,( ) () : : :, :, [ :, : ],,, :,, [ : ] (2), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 28 2,,,,,, 3, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : [( 狔 ǔ 犾 ǚ) :,,,,,],,,,, 2,,, 9 7
2 9 8, : :,, [ : ( 犾犻 è): ( 狔 á 狅 ):, ( 狊 ù): :,, : ], ( ),,,, (),,,, ( 犺 ā 狀 ):, [ : : :,, : : :, : ],,, :, [ :, ] 4, (3 ),,, 4,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 :,, :,, [ : ],, ( 狔 ì): :, [, ],,, ;,,;, (), :, : [,,, : :, ;
28,, ], [ ], :,, : [ ] :, (4), 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () () ( 犮犺 ú) ( 犺 è) ( 犾 á 狀犵狔 á) ( 犿 í 狀犵 ) ( 狔 ǔ 犾 ǚ) 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ( 狓犻 é) ( 狔 á 狅 ) ( 狊 ù) ( 犵 ō 狀犵犮犺 ó 狌 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 獉 : :,, (, ) 烄獉 烅 ( ) 獉烆,( ) 獉 ( ) 烄獉 烅 (, ) 獉烆 (, ) 獉獉 (,) { 獉 ( ) 獉 (, ) { (,) 獉獉, (,) { 獉獉 (, ) 獉獉 { 獉 () ( ) 獉 (1) () 獉 (2) ( ) ( ) 獉獉 ( ) 獉 () 獉 2 9 9
,, 1., 4,1,,,, 2., 2,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,, 1.: :,,,,,,,,,;,,, 2. :(1) : ; ;,, ;,, (2), (3),,, 3,, 0 0
28 :,,, ;, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1. 3 0,,, 1
,, :,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 3 ( 犺 è) ( 犮犺 á 狀犮犺 á 狀 ) ( 狕犺 é) 0 2 ( 狔 ǔ 犾 ǚ) ( 狔 á 狅 ) ( 狊 ù) ( 犵 ō 狀犵犮犺 ó 狌 )
( 狔 ì) ( 犿 í 狀犵 ) 2. ( ) A., 獉獉 B., 獉獉 C.,, 獉獉 D., 獉獉 3. (1), (2),,, 4~7,,,, 獉, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 獉,,, 獉, 獉,, ( ) 4. ( ) ( ) 獉獉 ( ) ( ) 獉獉 5., 6., ;, 7., 8. ( ) A.614, B., 28 C., D., 9.,,, 3 0,,300 3
29 (,) 獉獉獉, ( 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 ), 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 獉獉獉獉獉,, 獉獉獉獉獉,; 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,;,, 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉, (, ) 獉獉獉 (1568~1610),,,( ),,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 0 4
29 1,, 1,,, ( 狔 ā 狀 ): : :,, [( 狕犺 ā 狅 ):,,,, : ],, : :, [ : : ],,, ( ) [ ] : :, : : ( 狕犺 é): : (1 ), 2, ( ),, ( 狀犻 à 狀 ) :, [ : : : : : ],,,,,,() :, [ :, : : : : : ],,,,,,,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () 2,,,,, ;, 3 0 5
:, : [ : : :, : : : :,,,, : : ],,,,,,,,, 馰 : [ : : : : ( 狇犻 à 狀 ): :, 馰( 犺狌 ì): :, : ],,, :,, [ :, ( 犾犻 è): :],,,,,,,,,, : :, [, :,,, ( 犾 é 犻 ):,, :, : ( 犼犻 ǎ 狀 ):,,,, ],, : :,, [ ( 犼犻 ā): :,, () :],,,,, ( 狆 ù): ( 狓犻 ā):, [ : : ] 3 0 6 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
29,, [ ] : : : : : (2),, 3,,,,,,,, ( 犺狌 ī): [ : : ] (3),, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 () () () () ( 犾 ì) ( 狀犻 à 狀 ) ( 犺 ú) ( 狇犻 à 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉馰 ( 犺狌 ì) ( 犼 ì 犺狌 á 狀 ) ( 犾犻 è) ( 犿 í 狀犵 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 ( 犾 é 犻 ) ( 犼犻 ǎ 狀 ) ( 狓犻 ā) ( 犺狌 ī) 獉獉獉獉,(,,, ) 獉 獉獉 :, :,, 獉獉 : :, { 獉 ( ) ( ) 獉 ( ) { 獉 ( ) { 獉 ( ) () 獉獉 3 0 (1) 7
(,, ) 獉 (,, ) 獉 (,,, ) 獉 (2) (,) 獉 (3) (:, ;:, ) 獉獉,,, 1.,, :,,,;,;,,;,,, 2.,,,; ; ; 1. : ::;: ;: ; : 2. : :,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,, 0 8
29 ;;,, :;;,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ;,,,, ( ),,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 1. (1),, (2),, (3),, 2. 3 0 9
,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 馰,, :,,,,,,,,,;, 1. ( ) A. ( 狔 ā 狀 ) ( 犾犻 è) ( 狇犻 à 狀 ) ( 犼犻 ǎ 狀 ) 獉獉獉獉 B.( 狕犺 ā 狅 ) ( 犺 ú) ( 犺狌 ī) 馰 ( 犺狌 ì) 獉獉獉獉 C.( 犾 ì) ( 犾 é 犻 ) ( 狓犻 ā) ( 狑 ū) 獉獉獉獉 D.( 狀犻 à 狀 ) ( 犼 ì 狔狌 á 狀 ) ( 犿 í 狀犵 ) ( 犫 à 狅 ) 獉獉獉獉獉 2. (1),,,, 3 (2),, 1 0
29 3. (1) 獉 (4) 獉, 4~6 (2) 獉獉 (5) 獉獉 (3) 獉 (6) 獉獉,,;,;, 獉 1, 獉,,,,,, 2 3 4, ;,;,,,,,, () :1:, 2 : 3 : 4 : 4., 5. 6. 7.,, ( :,) : :,;,,,, 8.,, 3 1 1
30 / /,(, ) 獉 / / 獉 / /, 獉獉 /(,) 獉獉獉獉 1. (701~762),,,,, ( ),,,,,, 2. (712~770),,,( ),,,,,,,,, 3. (715~770),,,,,, 3 1 2
30 4. (1792~1841), ( ), (1829),,48,,, 20(417) 20, (744),, ;,, (761) (759),,,,,,,, (754),,,,,,,,, 315,,, (1839),,, 315,,,, :,, [ : :, ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪,, 3 1 3
3 1 4,, ; : : [ :,,, :, ],,, [ ] : [ ], :, :,,, [ ] : :,,, ( 狕 ū 狀 ):, [ :(), :, : ],,,, [ ] : :,,,, [ ] :, :,,, 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (),,,,,,
,,;, : [ ], :,, :,,() [ ] : : :,,,,, 1,,,() [ ] :,, 犮犺 ó 狀犵,,,, :, [,,, 犼狌 à 狀 ( 犮犺 á 狀犵 ): (à 狅 ):,] (1), 2,,( ) 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 30,, ~,,,, () : : :,,, 3 1 5
,,,(),, [ ] : : (2), (1~2 ), 3,,,, [ ] 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 (), : : :,, ( ),,,, : [, (), ],,, :,, [ : ] (3), 4,, () ( ) : : [ ( 犫 ì):, : ],,( ) : 3 1, [ ] 6