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CIP /. 2005. 8 ISBN 7-301 - 09530-9 Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. D90-051 CIP 2005 095854 ISBN 7-301 - 09530-9 /D 1272 205 100871 http / /cbs. pku. edu. cn 62752015 62750672 62752027 pl@pup. pku. edu. cn 82350640 650 980 16 18 323 2005 8 1 2005 8 1 28. 00
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6 1 1 5 1 21 2 a 30 b 30 c 30 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 45 15 15 30 45 3 6 1. 1 2001 201 248
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9 1 1940 F. P. 1941 10 1950 F. P. F. P. F. P. 8 2 4 1955 F. P. 52 20 1 EBOOK http / / book. httpcn. com/ search / show/317929720404. htm.
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16 1956 15 F. P. F. P. 12 26 F. P. 15 12 26 F. P. 1957 1 1931 9 5 1934 4 28 1957 54 F. P
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22 p q 1-1 1-1 p q p q p q p q p q p q p 1 2 1 2 p q p q p q
23 1 2 1 2 1 2 1. 1 2 p q p q 2. 1 2
24 p q p q 3. 1 2 1 2 239
25 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 18 1. 1 2
26 p q p q 2. 1 2 p q p q 3. 1 2 p q p q 1 A B C D E 2 A B
27 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 17 9 2 1 2 3 9 3 1 2 3 9 1 2 1 B 2 A B 3 p q p 1 2 q 2001 228
28 4. 1 1 2 1 2
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32 p q p q p q p 1 2 p q 1 p q 2 p q p q p p q p q T T F T T T F F T T F T T T T F F T F F
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34 50 A 7 B 14 C 25 D 35 E 50 1 3 1 2 3 4 A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 4 X 1 X 10 1 A X 1 B C X 1 D X E X 2 1-1 1 2 1999 960 1 9. 5 2 A 7 3 C 4 E
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36 獉獉 + p q r p q r p 1 p 2 p 3 q 1 q 2 q 3 1 1979 12 2 3 1 http / /www. ebook007. com
37
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42 1 2 3 4 5 1972 1980 1989 6 5
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47 Q P Q Q P Q P 1 Q P 2 Q P 3 Q Q P 1 P 2 P 3 Q P Q Q P
48 p q q p 1881 1953
49 1 1923 10 11 1 2000 206 209
50 5 165 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 236-L 50 10 11 15000 1927 3 4
51 Peter Griffiths 1 46000 1948 5 14 3 1 20 1 55 3 17 10 5 18 5 1 2 3 5 14 15 16 5 500 1 100 2001 121
52 7 18 4 8 9 8 11 22 46253 11 19 1. 2. 2 8
53 1987 12 5 3 15 1986 6 1986 1987 5 12 5 1 1 30 2 50
54 3. 364 1 1989 6 27 364 23 13 7 24 11 40 1 364 1990 1
55 6 26 10 24 7 7 7 6 58 7 8 17 17 17 8 10 729 7 TNT
56 53 5 17 17 17 17 17 17 8 17 8 8 17 8 17 17 17 27 1. 63 1. 65 7 3 14
57 7 20 6 26 17 7 26 25 1. 65 6 25 17 17 15 16 6 6 24 6 25 10 6 26 6 26 3 364 6 26 23 12 364 2
58 p q p q p q p q r p r q p q r p r p q r 1000 p q r A B B A A B A A B B B A C D E A A B B A A B B A B B A A B
59 A B A B A B B A A B T T F F T T F T F F T T T T F T T F F T T F F T T T F F A B A B 1
60 A. B. C. D. p q 1 p q p q 2 p q p q 1 2 2 1 p q p q p q p q p q p q p q p q p q p q p q p q p q p q 1-3 1-3 p q p p q p q p q p q p q p q T T F T T F T T T T F F F T T F T F F T T F T T T F F F F T F F F T T T 1 1 1 2 1 2
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63 1 1 1 1991 285
64 Subject Noumenon Object 1.
65 2.
66 1875 1901 A B O AB ABO 1930 1 O AB AB AB O B AB A 3. 1 1 1994 31 32
67 1 A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 2 600 20% 20% A B 30 C 50 D 30 E 50 3 2001 MBA A. B. C. D. E. 1 1 1 C 2 E 3 B
68 1. a b a b 2-1 2-1 2. a b a b a b b a a b 2-2
69 2-2 2-3 3. a b a b a b a b 2-3 a b a b b a a b a b b a 115 1 10 2 3 7 3
70 115 2 4. a b a b a b 2-4 2-4 1. a b c a b 2-5
71 2-5 2-6 2. b c a b 2-6 2000 12 2001 2 18 3000 10 23 10 300 2 11 918 2000
72 150 1 125 1 275 69 1 4 6 1 5 1 1 2 3 1 2003 2 2004 5
73 2-7 2-7 1976 10 39 300 39
74 39 1 1997 200 2 15 1 2 1999 3 8 2000 131
75 2005 2 17 18 60 2001 29 50 3 2004 8 5 50 8 20 10 9 6 60 2 60 60 60 60 60 2
76 60 60 1 50 1999 3 1 2002 3 12 3
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78 1 2001 10 11 2001 12 31 1
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80 1997 20 1 1. 20 30 1 2003 2 10 5
81 1 20 30 16 16 30 16 2-1 2-1 / 1 1998 93
82 20 30 40 1937 1936 37 1935 28% 1933 80% 6%
83 1941 2. 1 29 5 132 130 52 40 37 2
84 1 2 1 2 S p S P SAP A S P SEP E S P SIP I S P SOP O
85 S P A S P E 1 2 3 4 A E I O S P S P A E I O 2-2 2-2 S P SAP SEP SIP SOP A E I O S P A E I O 1. A E A E A E
86 A E A E A E E A E A 2. I O I O I O I O O I O I 3. A I E O A I E O A I A I I A I A E O E O O E O E 4. A O E I A O E
87 I A O A O E I E I A E I O 2-9 2-9 1 2 ABO ABO 1 SEP SOP 2 SOP SAP Modal logic Normal logic
88 1 2 3 1 2 3 1. 1 2 1 2 P P P P珔 2.
89 1 2 1 2 P P P P珔 A E I O P P P P 2-10 2-10
90 1 2 1 2 18 20
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93 1994 4 11 1990 7
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96 SEP SIP SEP SIP SOP SAP SOP SAP 4. I O SIP SOP SOP SIP 2-3 2-3 SAP SEP SIP SOP SAP T F T F SOP SEP F T F T SIP SIP F T SEP SOP F T SAP 1. A E I O 1 2
97 3 4 P 珔 P P SAP SE 珔 P SEP SA 珔 P SIP SO 珔 P SOP SI 珔 P 3 2. 1 2 3 SAP PIS SEP PES SIP PIS
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99 1 2 1 2 1 2 P S M 1 M P S M S P 2 M P S M S P 1 MAP 2 MEP SAM SAM, SAP, SEP
100 1 M P S M S P 2-11 2 M P S M S P 2-12 2-11 2-12 1.
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102 4. 5. 4 6. II OO IO 4 5
103 7. 6 AI AO EI EO 4 EO AI 3 AO EI 2 5 3 3 MBA A. B. C. D. E. 1 2
104 1 E. 2 D. 1 1991 1 http / /www. ebook007. com
105 15 ABO DNA
106
107
108 1 1911 1914 1 1982 38
109 8 24 A B B X Y Y Y B
110 1 M S P S P M P S M P M S M M P M S P M M S, S P, S P, S P, S P P A M S E M P A M S A M, S E P, S A P 2 1 2 1994 132 133 1998 92
111 1948 1 16 1 16 2 6. 4 91. 7 6 12 4
112 1 2 3
113 1 25 16 20 12 48 56
114 4. 45 20 20 6 1950
115 1965 11 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 C19 20
116
117 3 10 3 10 1 36 2001 3 14 1998 1 4 11 1 2003 2 2004 23
118 2000 6 26 1500 2000 9 10 2000 9 11 3 120 2000 9 28 5600 2001 2 27
119 232 24 67 1 64 2001 4 24 6 189 2001 6 1 24
120 232 10 3 10 24 67 1 6 3 10 3 10 23
122 A A A = A A A A
123 1. 1 2 15 1
124 2 2. A. B. C. D. E. D
125 200
126 A A A A 珚 A A A A 1 2 1 A 2 A A A A 1 2 3
127 1986 10 3 20 375 10
128 375 1 4 243 1 3 3 10 2 1 2003 172
129 2005 3 28 11 1998 6 15 15 8 5-6 3 5 10 30 1. 5 6 1994 12 30 1994 4 11 1994 10
130 1. 2. 3. 4.
131 8 7 9 7 9 66 1
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133
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138 A A A A
139 1 1 2002 151
140 50%
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144 2. arb bra R 3. arb bra R 1. arb brc arc R 2. arb brc arc R 3. arb brc arc R
145 1. arb, bra 2. arb, a 珚 Rb R
146 1. arb brc, arc 2. 1 1 1 arb brc, a 珚 Rc R
147 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2
148 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 4 8 2 6 2 3 4 8 3 5 2 6 1 7 1 1 2002 3 22 2
149 14 5% C HIAA
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154 Induction S 1 P S 2 P S n P S 1 S 2 S n P S P
155
156 G. W. Leibniz 1646 1716 George Boole 1815 1864 17 Francis Bacon 1561 1626 1620
157 19 John Stuart Mill 1806 1873 1 1 4 1995 335
158 1978 9 1 25 1. 7 13 25 1. 7 13 1 1994 42 44
159
160 S 1 P S 2 P S 3 P S n P S 1 S 2 S 3 S n S S P S S
161 78 78 1. A B C A B C
162 S 1 P S 2 P S 3 P S n P S 1 S 2 S 3 S n S S P 1 1995 2 1 1984 82 2 20 2005 2 5 6
163 2. S P 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 S 1 P S 2 P S 3 P S n P S 1 S 2 S 3 S n S S P S P
164 19 DNA DNA 1 A B C 2 A D E 3 A F G A a a A A a a A a a a
165 97 24 1 2 6 5
166 1. DNA DNA deoxyribonucleic acid ABO DNA 1943 1 1988 DNA 1 1982 224 231
167 DNA DNA 1996 2 8 3 110 5 3 DNA 9 12 2 8 3 2 8 1987 DNA DNA 1987 DNA 1989 DNA DNA 90 PCR DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA
168 5 DNA DNA PCR DNA DNA DNA DNA 2001 DNA DNA DNA 1 2. 28 80 60 57 1981 2 18 1 2002 8 14 2
169 1941 1940 60 8. 5 1983 4 20 60 1983 5 1983 5 6 1943 1
170 A4 8. 5
171 1953 1 4-1 1860 1 2002 8 8
172 1978 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 18 1956 Your babysitter Y 2 20
173 20 1984 1 /20 1% 20 40 O 1 O O O O O O O O 1 1994 141 143
174 O O 4-1 A 4-1 A 1 A B C a 2 A D E a 3 A F G a 1 2 3 A A a 1 2 3 a A 1 1 4 1995 328
175 1 A B C 2 ~ B C A a A a A a A a A a A a a ~
176 a A a A A a 1 2 3 A B C F A D E G A F G C a a a 1' 2' 3' B C G D E F F G D A a
177 A a 1 A 1 B C a 1 2 A 2 B C a 2 3 A 3 B C a 3 A a A a A a
178 1 ABC abc 2 B b 3 C c A a 1998 8 23
179
20 1995 160 20
181 1995 12 6 160 11 1998 4 7 1 50 3 2 3 2004 1 22 2 30 3 2
182 3 5 1 30 42 1. 69 1990 2 1996 1997 3 4 5 2004 1 21 6 7 8 1995 2 1990 1995 11 160 1998
183 1 22 1 21 10 5 2 2 3 10 22 20
184 p q p q p q p q p q p q
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186 1 2 3 4 1 2 }
187 3 19 1 2004 3 19 1 45 1 3 19 2004 4 16
188 11 3 X 14 2 3 20 8 1 11 15 2 3 14 5 10 90 14 4 1 5 5
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193 4 9 3 2 2001 1 31 7 7 2 21 6 7
194 7 20 29 30 3 5 5 2 27 1997 10 19
195 40 50 2 6-2 2. 1 2003 10 6 1?? 2003 10 8
196 2003 10 20 90 3 4 13
197 4 25 139 15 13 2003 7 11 8437 7960 96% 400 813 762 96% 1998 20 90 DNA 60 20 90 DNA
198 20 90 1995 3 300 1998 2003 22 20 90 20 1998 DNA 1996 1997 7 10 2002 6 30 DNA 1. 64 600
199 15% 20 90 MCRC DNA 2002 8 23 1998 9 4000 1997 1998
200 2008
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202
203
204 1 THIOKOL 1 1987 86
205 20 1 30 42 1. 69 1990 2 1996 1997 3 4 5 2004 1 21 6 7 8
206 1983 a b c d e f X α β γ Y 7-1 7-1 X Y a α d e β γ
207 1. X Y Y X Y 1 X 1 Y 2 X 1 7-2 7-2 X Y X X Y 7-3 7-3
208 X Y 1 X Y X Y 2 X X X Y X Y Y X 3 Y
209 Y X 2. 7-1 7-1 X Y 1 2 3
210 1 2 3 4 20 Information Intelligence Central Intelligence Agency
211 7-4 7-5 7-4
212 7-5 7-4 7-5 109 35 15 20 1941 9 6
213 1941 10 1941 9 14 1 200 2 200 3 800 70 100 1941 12 9 1. 4 1942 2 38 50 1300 2500 15000 9 7-6 Y X 20 40
214 7-6
1 1999 2 4 3
216 1 2 1 2 1. 1 2 2. 1 1 2000 161
217 2 1998 8 6 7000 1999 2000 1 DNA 300 7000 1 DNA 3. 1 2001 170
218 DNA
219 1. 1 24 61 1996 1 12 10 213 1 14 1979 1 2004 185
220 132 43 1 53 1 63 31 1996 10 22 1. 2. 1979 132 43 1 53 1 63 31 1. 2. 1 2
221 2. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 S P S 1 P S 2 P S 3 P S 4 P S 5 P S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 P
222 6 1 OO 2 II 3 IO OO II IO 1. 2001 2002 2003 2004 7 3 10 2.
223 p p p q q p p 1 1973 2 1993 9 9301 1995 1996 1996 4 3 94 9301 1997 1 93 5 1998 7 1 2003 2 2004 438
224 0 1999 9301 9301 93 54 1 58 35 2000 6 7 2000 14 30 93 9 2001 2000 1 2000 6 2 2000 14 21 6 18 2000 1
225 2002 12 18 2002 39 1997 5 94 9301 1997 93 1997 5 93 93 93 93 93
226 21 24 54 61 2003 4 22 2002 39 30 p p 94 93 q 94 93 q p p p 6 p p q r q r p
227 3 19 1 2
228 1 2 2 2002 39
229 1999 8 1990 5 240 1 1 240 1 2 3 4 1 2001 29
230 3 23
231 p q q p q p + 1 p q q p p q q p q p - 1 1 3 1994 1 27 5 1 2 2001 130
232 1 29 6 3
233 1993 2 5 1991 12 1994 1 24 3 1994 1 27 5 29 2003 2 5 1991 12 12 92 1605 10 5 12 10
234 10 5 7 1996 9 6 1996 4 1989 1993 12 1993 6 5
235 206 189 134 2 23 2 75 53 1 1997 6 12 1996 5 1995 397 1995 397 1992 1605 10 5 1989 5 1993 12 1993 6 5
236 1 1. 8 1. 76 1 2001 60
237 1 5 10 5200 9 8 1 2001 412
238 10 14 5 9 0. 3 5200 1 1 1 2001 63
239 Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 1988 11 1 2 2003 193 2001 138
240 1. 300 1. 67 1. 72 2. 3.
241 10 554
242
243 1 1997 4 2 4 5 6 30 41 50% 90% 1998 60 9 1 2001 42
244 60 70 1998 11 16 11010
245 11 11 1999 1 4 18 50 1994 11 5 1996 2 16
246 3 15 402. 24 40 14 628. 22 1 1994 7 22 1995 1997 1995 6 1994 7 22 1995 1997 1995 1997 12 1995 6 1 2001 13
247 1994 7 22 1994 8 30 7 22 200 1995 12 21 1996 1 1995 9 28 1995 82 1996 1995 12 21
248 1995 12 21 1996 6 19
249 1995 1 1995 12 21 8 7 1. 1994 7 22 1995 1997 1995 6 1995 1997
250 1995 1997 2. p p p p p p
251 30 1 p p 30 1 2001 61
252 p p 3. p p p q q p p 1992
253 1 1 2001 2
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255 98. 77% 3 479 250 1 W. Kohler 2 banana 9-1 9-1 CRAY 7 3 6 20 4 / 2 / 17 400 René DesCartes Ivan Petrovich Pavlov 1 2 2002 6 9 1 1994 11
256 Franz Gall Silvano Arieti TOP PF TOP temporal lobe occipital lobe parietal lobe TOP PF 1 2001 10 28 1 S. 1987 503 504
257 Jean-Pierre-Marie Flourens 18 1 1400 1 /50 1 /150 1 /500 5000 1000 1000 10000 140 80% 120 PET Positron Emission Tomo- 1 2001 6 21 7
258 graphy BEAM Brain Electrical Activity Mapping 20 70
259 1 IQ 1 D 2 B IQ Wechsler Intelligence Scale Rudolf Arnheim visual thinking 1 4 1995 383
260 Jean Piaget 1 4 A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6 D. 6 9-1 9-1 2 B A. B. C. D. 9-2
261 9-2 9-2 9-2 } { 1 Arthur Whimbey C 1 http / /lefty. nease. net /yuanquan /yuan- quan. htm.
262 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ A B C D IQ 95 1 1 G. I. 1989 172
263 IQ 20 50 IQ 80 IQ 21 10 3 IQ
264 9-2
265 5-5- 1 Sigmund Freud id superego ego IQ Intelligence Quotient EQ Emotional Intelligence EQ Daniel Goleman EQ EQ EQ 1 http / /news. xinhuanet. com/health /2003-06 /27 /content - 940664. htm 2003-06-27.
266 EQ 1 1. 1 1997 2
267 1 2 1 creation invention inventiveness inventiveness inventiveness is a practical kind of creativity. It calls into play analytical qualities of mind often in the service of a common-sense idea of what is needed inventiveness inventiveness Laser 1999 1 2004 198
268 1 2 1 2000 3 2 1989 953
269 Wechsler Intelligence Scale Robert J. Sternberg S. 2.
270 Robert. L. Solso 1 1 1998 518
271 1 9-3 1. } 2. 3. 4. 5. 9-3 3. Silvano Arieti J. P. Guilford A. H. Maslow 1 2 3 1 2002 2
272 4 5 6 7
273 45 90 C 1. 100 1786 1868 977 89 129 115 333 4000 1
274 Kimling 1 15 45% 50% 2 1 2 1998 269 279 S. 1987 440
275 2. 4 C 1 3. 1 1986 143
276 20 D. Daniel Goleman Emotional Intelligence 1997 4. 1 1 1996 27
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