28 4 Vol.28 No.4 2012 8 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY Aug. 2012. WRF [J]. 2012 28(4): 461-470. :1004-4965(2012)04-0461-10 1, 2 1 1 2 1 (1. 510275 2. 210093) ( ) WRF 3 km WSM6 KF BMJ GD G3 2010 5 14 KF KF Kessler Lin et al WSM 3 WSM5 Ferrier (New eta) WSM6 6 Lin et al 5 K Lin et al :WRF :P435 :A Doi 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2012.04.004 1 - - 30 [1-2] WRF MM5 WRF [3-5] [6] WRF MM5 1998 3 WRF MM5 [7] WRF MM5 WRF [8] WRF 7 MYJ [9] Jankov [10] 2010-08-30; 2011-11-18 - (U0833001) Email: eeswxm@mail.sysu.edu.cn
462 28 [11] WRF 2010 5 WRF 2 WRF WRF(Weather Research Forecast) WRF Arakawa-C 1 10 km WRFV3.1.1 Kessler scheme Lin et al scheme WSM3 WSM5 Ferrier(new Eta) scheme WSM6 6 Kain-Fritsch(new Eta) scheme Betts-Miller- Janjic(BMJ) scheme Grell-Devenyi(GD) ensemble scheme New Grell scheme (G3) 4 2.1 2.1.1 Kessler COMMAS 2.1.1 Purdue Lin Lin [12] Rutledge [13] Tao [14] WRF 2.1.3 Eta Ferrier ( ) Ryan -10-10 2.1.4 WRF Single_Moment_3_class(WSM3) NCEP3 2.1.5 WSM5 WSM3 NCEP5 NCEP5 2.1.6 WSM6 WSM5 Lin /
4 463 WSM3 WSM5 Dudhia [15] Hong [16] 2.2 2.2.1 Kain-Fritsch(new Eta)(KF) Eta Kain-Fritsch 2.2.2 Betts-Miller-Janjic(BMJ) Betts-Miller 2.2.3 Grell-Devenyi(GD) 2.2.4 New Grell Scheme(G3) 10 30 km 3 3.1 2010 5 14 15 50 mm 235.8 mm( ) - 150 mm 5 14 00 15 00 ( ) 3.2 WRF 10 km 5 10 km 5 km 12 km 4 km 12 km KF 4 km 1 ( ) 20 mm 75 mm 5 9 km 3 km 5 km WRF 1 (12 km) 1 KF(new eta) Kessler YSU RRTM Dudhia Noah 2 Lin 3 WSM3 4 WSM5 5 Ferrier 6 WSM6 23.055 N 113.402 E 27 100 hpa NCEP 1 1 WSM6 YSU RRTM Dudhia Noah 121 (2010 5 12 00 17 00 ) 60 4 ( 2)
464 28 3 km 151 109 2 1 KF(new eta) WSM6 YSU RRTM Dudhia Noah 2 BMJ 3 GD 4 G3 4 a. KF b BMJ 1 4 24 h c GD d G3 1 24
4 465 a Kessler b Lin ; c WSM3 ; d WSM5 ; e Ferrier ; f 2010 5 14 00 15 00 ; 2 24 KF 3 235.8 mm 160 mm 4 60 mm KF 3
466 28 BMJ GD G3 5 KF Kessler Lin WSM3 WSM5 Ferrier 2( ) 1a 24 24 6 WSM6 150 mm 100 mm Kessler 150 mm Lin 3 150 mm 150 mm 100 mm 240 mm 150 mm WSM3 WSM5 2 120 mm 250 mm 158 mm Ferrier WSM5 1 WSM6 150 mm Lin Lin 6 (KF ) 6 6-20 m/s K K K=(T850-T500)+Td850-(T700-Td700) T850 T500 T700 Td850 Td700 850 hpa 500 hpa 700 hpa 850 hpa 700 hpa (T850-T500) Td850 (T700-Td700) K K>35 3 2010 5 14 09 850 hpa K 3 K 40 42
4 467 4 2010 5 14 09 23.1 N 4 23.1 N 113.5 E ( ) Kessler 850 hpa 1.5 m/s 500 hpa 4.5 m/s Lin 850 hpa 8 m/s 500 hpa 4 m/s A Kessler WSM3 Lin 850 hpa 8 m/s 850 hpa K WSM5 850 hpa 2.5 m/s 400 700 hpa 6 m/s Ferrier WSM6 2 m/s 2010 5 14 09 K ( 3) Lin WSM3 850 hpa 1.5 2.5 m/s B Lin C WSM3 D WSM5 E Ferrier F WSM6
468 28 3 850 hpa K ( ) A Kessler B Lin C WSM3 D WSM5
4 469 E Ferrier F WSM6 4 3 2010 5 14 09 K K 850 hpa /(m/s) 500 hpa /(m/s) Kessler 40 1.5 4.5 Lin 40 8.0 4.0 WSM3 40 8.0 4.0 WSM5 37 2.5 6.0 Ferrier 38 2.0 0 WSM6 38 2.0 0 7 WRF 2 (12 km 4 km) (9 km 3 km) 4 6 2010 5 14 12 km 4 km 20 mm 75 mm 9 km 3 km (1) WRF (2) KF Lin (3) 850 hpa K Lin WSM3 8 m/s Lin K (4) Kessler Ferrier WSM3 WSM5 250 mm Lin 3 240 mm
470 28 [1] PIELKE R A. Mesoscale meteorological modeling[m]. New York: Academic Press, 1984: 612. [2] NINOMIYA K. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction, numerical prediction of mesoscale severe phenomena in japan, short and medium range numerical weather predition[m]. WMO/IUGG NWP Symposium, Tokyo, 1986: 517-531. [3] STENSRUD D J BAO J W WARNER T T Using initial condition and model physics perturbationsin short-range ensemble simulations of mesoscale convective systems[j] Mon Wea Rev, 2000 128(7) 2 077 2 107 [4] [J] 2003 14(1) 69-78 [5] JANJIC Z I Nonsingular Implementation of the Mellor Yamada Level 2.5 Scheme in the NCEP Meso model[j]. NCEP Office Note 2002(437): 61 [6]. WRF MM5 1998 3 [J]. 2003, 61(6) 22-26. [7]. WRF MM5 [J]. 2006, 34(4) 692-701. [8],. [J]. 2006 17( ) 11-17. [9]. WRF 2003 7 [C]// 2003 (7), 2003: 221-224. [10] JANKOV Isidora et al. An Investigation of IHOP Convective System Predictability Using a Matrix of 19 WRF Members[M]//84 th AMS Annual Meeting, Seattle, U.S.A. Jan.10-15, 2004. [11],. [J]., 2001(2): 1-11. [12] LIN Y L, FARLEY R D, ORVILLE H D. Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model[j]. J Climate Appl Meteor, 1983, 22: 1 065-1 092. [13] RUTLEDGE S A, HOBBS P V. The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. Ⅻ: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cloud-frontal rainbands[j]. J Atmos Sci, 1984, 41(20): 2 949-2 972. [14] TAO W K, SIMPSON J, MCCUMBER M. An ice-water saturation adjustment[j]. Mon Wea Rev, 1989, 117(2): 231-235. [15] DUDHIA J. Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model[j]. J Atmos Sci, 1989, 46(20): 3 077-3 107. [16] HONG S Y, JUANG H M H, ZHAO Q. Implementation of prognostic cloud scheme for a regional spectral model[j]. Mon Wea Rev, 1998, 126(10): 2 621-2 639. THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PHYSICS AND CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES IN WRF ON HEAVY RAINFALL SIMULATION IN PRD LIAO Jing-biao 1, 2, WANG Xue-mei 1, XIA Bei-cheng 1, WANG Ti-jian 2, WANG Zhi-ming 1 (1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China) (2. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China) Abstract: In order to study the impact of the parameterization schemes in the WRF model on rainstorm simulations, a heavy rainfall on 14 May 2010 in Pearl River Delta (PRD), Guangdong province is simulated. The study was carried out with four cumulus parameterization schemes (KF, BMJ, GD and G3) and six physics parameterization schemes (Kessler, Lin et al, WSM 3, WSM5, Ferrier (New eta) and WSM6 scheme) under a horizontal resolution of 3km. The results indicated that the Lin et al scheme, coupled with the Kain-Fritsch(KF) scheme, can accurately simulate the location and intensity of the heavy rainfall. However, the other schemes deviated in the location and produced less rainfall. The results of an analysis of unstable stratification and vertical convection velocity also indicated that this scheme can accurately simulate the reality of the rainfall. Generally, when coupled with the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme, this scheme is more accurate in simulating rainstorms in the PRD. Key words: WRF model; physics parameterization schemes; cumulus parameterization schemes; rainstorm; PRD