m0 m = v2 1 c 2 F G m m 1 2 = 2 r
m L T = 2 π ( m g 4 ) m m = 1
F AC F BC r F r F l r = sin sinl l F = h d G +
S 2 = t
v h = t 2 l = v 2 t t h = v = at v = gt t 1 l 1 a t g = t sin α 1 1 a = gsinα g a sinα S t = 2
v = gt S = 1 2 gt 2 v = at S = 1 at 2 a 2
1 v t R 1 v ' t R' 2 2 Rv R ' v' k
T 0.241 0.615 1 1.881 11.862 29.457 0.387 0.723 1 1.524 5.203 9.539 T 2 0.058 0.378 1 3.540 140.7 867.9 a 3 0.05796 0.3779 1 3.540 140.85 867.98
s s ds v = v = v = t t dt v a s s1 2s1 = t 1 = t 2 t 1 = t 2 v 2v 1 1 v a s
m m 2 v 1 2 c
F ma m m T v R m R R T mr T 2 2 2 2 2 4 = = ( ) π π
2 T kr 3 2 2 4π m 4π F 2 µ kr k m F µ 2 R M F' ' R 2 m F m R 2 F G Mm R 2
F G m m 1 2 2 R F G m m 1 2 2 R12 2 2 v a = R = 4π T R n 2 980 2 a n 0. 27 / 60 2
x x vt y y z z t t = + = = = ' ' ' '
x x vt v c y y z z t t v c x v c = + = = = + ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
m nv mv n v n mv = m 2 n ( n v) 2
1 2 2 mv mv 2 mv f = t mv f = 2 / 2 S v S = v t = t 2 1 2 mv 2
v1 m 2 = v m 2 1
F = m a m v ' v m v' m v p' = 1 = = t t 2 1 F = m a m v ' v m v' m v p' = 2 = = t t F p' 12 1 1 21 2 2 = F 12 21 p t p' p = t 1 1 2 2 p t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 p t 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n Fi = 0 i= 1 n m i i=1 v i
p 1 + at = p 1 + at 1 1
t F 9 = 32 + 5 t 5 t = ( t F 32) 9 t = 4 R t 5
T Et E = + 1
Q 2 η = 1 Q 1
1829 1 2 2 mv
mgh mv = 1 2 2
1 2 2 mv mgh =
x y z Fx = Φ Fy = Φ Fz = Φ r r r 1 R 2 1 2 mq mq = Φdr 2 2 r
Q1 Q2 = T T 1 2 Q1 Q2 + = 0 T T 1 2 dq T = 0 Q1 Q 2 + 0 T T 1 2 dq T 0 dq T dq T dq ds = T
d dq Sd Sc c T dq ds T
Q1 Q2 = T T Q T 1 1 Q2 = 0 T 2 1 2 Q1 Q2 + = 0 T T 1 2 Q T dq T = 0 dq T 0 dq dq = 0 T T dq ds = T
p = 1 2 nmv 3 1 l = 2 2 πα n 0 2 v 4 2 2 a f( v) = v e 3 a π
1 F n 2 n = 2 + δ δ = 0. 06 r n A CA C A S S
F 1 n n = α + δ r F ~ 1 2 r
36 18 8 1 2 36 126 +18 =144 567 + 8 1 575 1 2 2 36 = 1 3400 T = 2π l g mg = G mm 2 r GL T = 2π M r
15 1 9 20 2 18 41 3 24 60 q q 1 2 f... r f
k k = 1 4πε
W = W q q t I t q t dq dt t ( ) lim = = 0
R V I = R L S = ρ
a X = b + x ( 1 )
dq = KS dv dx dt ( 5) I = KS dv ( 6) dx j = K dv ( 7) dx V I = R
ε I = R + r Z V = I Z V I
ϕ ε = K d dt ϕ ε = d dt e N d ϕ d( Nϕ) = = dt dt ϕ
KQ P( r) = e r 4πr U = e ( 1) r
D t
V k = ρ
V = C / µ C E = C Q 2 2 C r V = K / 4πµ = c / µ
í
(i) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (r) 8 7 29' 15 31' 14 52' 22 30' 22 1' 29 28 49' 35 35 4' 40 30' 40 30' 45 30' 44 48' 50 47 36'
DC DE i DA = / sin i DE r = csc / sin csc r = CB BE sini / = = u = AB BD sin r B l = nds A B δl = δ nds = 0 A
sini = n sin r 21 sini V1 = = n 21 sinr V 2
D x ' = λ d λ = x ' d D x d λ = L + L 1 2
1 A M2 M2 A
1 1 1 1 = 2 720 12. 67 18244
wll C = 4 0 s
c = 1/ ε 0 µ 0 = 29979250. km / s km/s 1727 301000 km/s 1849 313000 1851 298000 500 1933 299774 2 1941 299776 6 1950 299792.5 1 1951 299793.1 0.3 1956 299792.2 0.1 1957 299792.6 1.2 1958 299792.5 0.1 1961 299791.96 0.8 1964 299792.8 0.4 1966 299792.47 0.15 1972-299792.462 0.018 1972 299792.460 0.006 1973-299792.4574 0.0011 1974 CO 2 299792.4590 0.008
sini v 2 = = n sin r v 1 sini sinr v v = 1 2 v v 2 1
h = 1 2 mv 2 + A
W = N 1 mv 2 2 mv 2 Bev R e W = 2 2 2 m B R Q e m 2 10 7 / 2 evb mv R e E = m 2 B R E B R v e m
mg mg + ee v v = 1 2
m0 m = 2 v 1 2 c me = 1 mh 1830
3 βν ρ ν T = αν e T
3 c Uν = πν ρ 2 ν 8 U S = a Ln U ν e b ν 3 π ν ν ρ = 8 b a ν 3 e c T πν ρ( ν T ) = 8 2 3 KT c
2 πν ν ρ = 8 b ν 3 c γ e b 1 kt 2 8πν hν ρ = 3 h γ c KT e 1
F = K QQ' F = G mm' 2 2 r r 99.87 F = G mm ' 2 r? 99.97 F K QQ ' = 2 r
h mvr = n 2 1 1 γ = RC m 2 n 2
E = h γ 1 1 = Rhc E E m n = 2 2 2 1
1 1 H 7 14 2 4 8 17 1 1 N He O H + +
x x vt y y z z t t ' ' ' ' = = = =
x x vt v c y y z z t t v c x v c ' ' ' ' = = = = 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
2 v l = l' 1 2 c t = t'/ 1 v c 2 2 m = m 0 2 1 v c 2
x x vt v c y y z z t t v c x v c ' ' ' ' = = = = 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 E = c p + E 2 2 2 0 2 u u v u u c = + + ' ' 1 2
6520 5400 3720 2600 1960
h = 1 2 mv 2 ν I W 1 2 mv 2 h ν = 1 2 mv 2 W 1 mv 2 = Ve = hν W 2
ev = h w V = h w 0 0 e e h w 0 e e 1 2 m 2 ν = h m ν ν0 h = 1 2 mv + h = 1 2 ν ν 2 mv 2 w m 0 m ϕ
ν ν ν ν
ν h E = hν p = λ h p = λ p = h λ = r p = n h 2π
= h p l = ndl = 0 w = pdl = 0 w = 0 l = 0 E = hν = h E h p ν P E = h ν = h mv