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220AC

TEMPEST

TEMPEST / /

1.dV/dt di/dt 2.

NEMP ESD

-- - +++ - +++ - - - + V V

V G PCB PCB

/ /

IEC CISPR CISPR Pub. IEC TC77 IEC CENELEC EN FCC DOD FCC Part, MIL-STD. VCCI VCCI, GB - GJB -

( )

EUT 1 ~ 4m 0.8m 1 3 10 30

20 17.32 10 0.8 1~4

EUT

2 1

AF = E / V E = V/m V =

LISN AMN

LISN

EUT 2

EFT FTB 15ms (5kHz) 300ms

1 100pf

100mm, EUT 1 EUT100mm EUT 100mm

>1.6 0.8m EUT EUT 500mm EUT100mm > 1m 2 > 500mm 470kΩ =EUT 100mm

V V 1 3 5 7 9 11 13

(db) 10lg P2 P1 P2 P1 20lg V2 V1 20lg I2 I1

1V 1mV 1µV 1µV = 0dBµV dbv dbmv dbµv 1A 1mA 1µA dba dbma dbµa 1V/m 1µV/m dbv/m dbµv/m 1W 1mW dbw dbm

( ) ( ) EMC

t r -20dB/dec d T A V( or I) = 2A(d+tr)/T V( or I) = 0.64A/Tf -40dB/dec V( or I) = 0.2A/Tt r f 2 1/πd 1/πt r

1 2

220V 0V + + + + +

V = I R

< 2mV 10mV ~ 20mV 2mV ~ 10mV 20mV ~ 100mV 100mV ~ 200mV >200mV

Z = R AC + jωl δ I L 1µH/m R AC = 0.076r f 1/2 R DC r 0.37I δ = 1 / (π f µ r σ r ) 1/2

Hz d = 0.65cm 10cm 1m d = 0.27cm 10cm 1m d = 0.06cm 10cm 1m d= 0.04cm 10cm 1m 10Hz 51.4µ 517µ 327µ 3.28m 5.29m 52.9m 13.3m 133m 1k 429µ 7.14 632µ 8.91m 5.34m 53.9m 14m 144m m 100k 42.6m 712m 54m 828m 71.6m 1.0 90.3m 1.07 1M 426m 7.12 540m 8.28 714m 10 783m 10.6 5M 2.13 35.5 2.7 41.3 3.57 50 3.86 53 10M 4.26 71.2 5.4 82.8 7.14 100 7.7 106 50M 21.3 356 27 414 35.7 500 38.5 530 100M 42.6 54 71.4 77 150M 63.9 81 107 115

0.6 / 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S / W

I 1 I 2 V N I G V G

2 C2 V S C P R L V N 1 C 1 V G V G 2

Cp V S R V G L V S R V G L

L R 1 Vs I N1 M I S R L V S + V N I N2 R 1 V G V N / V G R L / R S + R L ω = R 1 / L f

R S1 I N1 R L1 V S1 V G I S V L V S2 R S2 I N2 R L2

1 1 2 2 ~ 1 2 ~ ~ V

1 2 3 1 2 3 A I 1 I 2 I 3 I 2 A R 2 B R 3 C I 1 B C R 1 I 3

1 2 3

L L R R Z 0 = (L/C) 1/2 C C Z P = (ωl) 2 /R R AC R DC F P1 = 1/2π(LC) 1/2

1 2 3 R 1 R 2 R 3 L 1 L 2 L 3

Rs ~ Vs Rs ~ Vs

C 1S C 3S C 1S C 3S C 2S C 2S

E 1 E 2, : SE = 20 lg ( E 1 / E 2 ) db

SE R1 R2 A B R A B B A R1 R2

E/H Ω E 1/ r 3 H 1 / r 2 E 1/ r H 1/ r 377 H 1/ r 3 E 1/ r 2 λ/ 2π r

E 0 δ 0.37E 0 t E 1 E 1 = E 0 e -t/δ A 20 lg ( E0 / E1 ) = 20 lg ( e t / δ ) db A 8.69 ( t / δ ) db A = 3.34 t f µ r σ r db

R 20 lg Z W 4 Zs 377Ω Z S = 3.68 10-7 f µ r /σ r

377 : R 20 lg 4 Zs : R 20 lg : R 20 lg 4500 db D f Zs 2 D f Zs Zs = D = m f = MHz

R(dB) r = 1 m r = 30 m 150 r = 30 m r = 1 m 0.1k 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 3 10 8 / 2πr f

(0.5mm ) db 250 r = 0.5 m 150 0 r = 0.5 m 0.1k 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M

B = 20 lg ( 1 - e -2 t / δ ) B

H 0 H 1 R 0 Rs R s SE = 1 + R 0 /R S H0 R 0 H 1

µ r 10 3 15 10 µ 5 1 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 khz

B µ = B / H H

100 80 60 40 20 10 100 1k 10k

H L L SE = 100 20lgL 20lg f + 20lg 1 + 2.3lg(L/H)) = 0 db L λ/ 2

Z C > 7.9/Df SE = 48 + 20lg Z C 20lg L f + 20lg ( 1 + 2.3lg (L/H) ) Z C < 7.9/Df SE = 20lg ( πd/l) + 20lg (1 + 2.3lg (L/H) )

() ( ) ( ) ( )

()

= + 32 t / d 27.2 t / l

SE SE f fc 5f

360 360

2.5mΩ! V I

V ~ I Z = V / I

I II III / - 2.37-1.85 + 0.34-1.66-0.76-0.74 + 0.799 / / - 0.44 + 1.200-0.4 + 1.420-0.25-0.14-0.13 IV

EMC

~ ~

/ I DM I CM V I CM V I CM

1. 50Hz1 3 5 7 2. 1MHz 1MHz

3dB

C Γ T L Γ π

db 6N/ 100 80 60 40 20 5 4 3 2 1 20N/ fc 10fc 100fc 1000fc

20dB 4 6=24 > 20 4 50 100 L C 10 100 20dB 1 20 = 20 1 2

C ππ ΓΓ Γ Γ LL

IL IL = 20 lg(ωl/rs) IL = 20 lg(ωcrp) Zs Zs ~ C L Z L Fco = 1/(2π Rp C) Fco = Rs/(2π L ~ Z L Zs Z L Zs Z L

R L C R L = R / 2πF C C = 1 / 2πRF C T T π π L/2 C/2

1.6mm Z C (MHZ) 1 µf 1.7 0.1 µf 4 0.01µF 12.6 1/2π LC f 3300 pf 19.3 1100 pf 33 680 pf 42.5 C L 330 pf 60

1M 100k Ω 10k 1k 100 10 1 100p 1nf f 10nf 100n 1µff 10µf 100µf 10mf 1m 10cm 1cm 1mm 0.1 10Hz 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G

0.15 COG 5 0 X7R % C 0 % C -5-10 -0.15-55 125 20 0 Y5V -15-55 125 % C -30-60 -30 30 90

% C 20 0-20 -40-60 COG Y5V X7R -80 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Vdc

Z L 1/2π LC f µh (MHZ) 3.4 45 8.8 28 L 68 5.7 125 2.6 C 500 1.2

C TT C TC C TC C TT

60 40 T 20 30 70 1GHz

1 2

1GHz

C = 4.28pf C = 3.48pf 19% C = 51pf C = 49pf 4%

1. 40 2. 3. 4.

µr = 500 ~ 10000 R = 0.1~100Ωm µr = 10 ~ 100 R = 1k ~ 1MΩm µr > 10000

Z = jωl + R L R(f) Z R 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz 1000MHz ω

Ω 125 600 300 1250 4500 Ω 30 Ω 1 10 100 1000 ½ Ω 0.1 1 10 100 1000 1½

30MHz 50Ω

50Ω / 50Ω 100Ω / 0.1Ω 0.1Ω / 100Ω -10 0

0.1Ω 100Ω ~ ~ 100Ω 0.1Ω 50Ω 0.1/100Ω 0

PCB PCB

PCB

PCB PCB

PCB

t r d A -20dB/dec -40dB/dec T V( or I) = 2A(d+tr)/T V( or I) = 0.64A/Tf V( or I) = 0.2A/Tt r f 2 1/πd 1/πt r

V g R 1 R 2 R 4 I CC V CC Q 3 Q 1 Q 2 I R 3 Q 4 I I g I

I CC V CC Ig V g

1 3 2 4

S L = 0.002S(2.3lg ( 2S / W ) + 0.5 µh W I I M L = ( L 1 L 2 -M 2 ) / ( L 1 + L 2-2M ) L 1 = L 2 L= ( L 1 + M ) / 2

C = di dt dv Z dt di di dv 1/2π LC f

: H = IA / (4πD 3 ) A/m E = Z 0 IA / (2λD 2 ) V/m Z W = Z 0 2πD/λ Ω A I : H = πia / (λ 2 D) A/m E = Z 0 π IA / (λ 2 D) V/m Z W = Z 0 = 377 Ω Z 0 f D

: H = I L / (4πD 2 ) A/m E = Z 0 I L λ / (8 π 2 D 3 ) V/m Z W = Z 0 λ/2πd Ω L I : H = I L / (2λ D) A/m E = Z 0 I L / (2λ D) V/m Z 0 f D

~ Z G V I Z L Z C = Z G + Z L = A Z C 7.9 D f E = 7.96VA / D 3 µv/m Z C 7.9 D f E = 63 I A f / D 2 µ V/m H = 7.96IA / D 3 µ A/m E = 1.3 I A f 2 /D µ V/m

E = 2.6 I A f 2 /D µ V/m

40dB/dec E = 2.6 I A f 2 /D E db = 20lg 2.6 I A /D +40lg f f 1/πd 40dB/dec - 20dB/dec 1/πt r 20dB/dec - 40dB/dec f f

EMI cm 2 4MHz 10 30 100 4000B 40 6 1000 400 74HC 6 20 50 45 18 6 74LS 6 50 20 18 7.2 2.4 74AC 3.5 80 5.5 2.2 0.75 0.25 74F 3 80 5.5 2.2 0.75 0.25 74AS 1.4 120 2 0.8 3 0.15 N N

E = 2.6 I A f 2 / D

dbµv/m dbµv/m 1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000

~ I L R Z = R + jωl L = Φ / I Φ A ~

68HC11 E B 74HC00 A A B

1 2 10 mω/ 1 DC~0.5 1 10 100 1G

75mm A B L A/D 25mm L : 0 ~ 10cm V AB : 15 ~ 75mV

100 nh/cm 1.5mm PGA 10 128-pin 1 0.1 25 50 75 100 C/4 PGA mm

20H

C D B A ABCD

+ + / / /

L I 1 I 2 H C P I 3 C P V CM

R W L R W L C P I CM Z CM = R W + jωl+r L +1/ jωc

I CM L : E = 1430I L / (f D 3 ) µv/m : E = 0.63 I L f / D µv/m E = 1.26 I L f / D µv/m L >λ/2 λ/4 E = 120I / D µv/m

I CM I V dbµv V Z T = V / I

E = 1.26 I L f / D

+Vcc +V -V Z 0 /2 Z 0 /2 -Vcc

PCB PCB = 20lg(E 1 / E 2 ) = 20lg ( I CM1 / I CM2 ) = 20lg[(V CM / Z CM1 ) / (V CM / Z CM2 )] =20 lg ( Z CM2 / Z CM1 ) =20 lg ( 1+ Z L / Z CM1 ) db

Ω Ω 125 600 300 1250 30 4500 Ω 1 10 100 1000 ½ Ω 0.1 1 10 100 1000 1½

I/O /

R R 10 ~ 100kB/s 2MB/s CMOS TTL tr 0.5~1µs 50ns 100ns 10ns BW 320kHz 6MHz 3.2MHz 32MHz R 120Ω 100Ω 300Ω 100~150Ω C 2400pF 150pF 100pF 30pF

CM DM CM CM CM

CM V DM CM I V Z T = V / I

10000 1000 mω /m 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 + µ + µ Hz

< λ / 20

EMC

S h

dbv 0 1 2 1V/m 3-10 -20-30 -40-50 A B C D E h = 0.5m S: A = 100m B = 30m C = 10m D = 3m E = 1m S h 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz 1GHz 10GHz

I 1 V 1 V2 V D I 2 V C CMRR = 20lg ( V C / V D )

CMRR CMRR f f

0V < λ/20 > λ/20

VN ϕ A VN ( d ϕ / dt ) = A ( db / dt )

V S V S V S

(A) 0 100 1M 100 (D) 1M 13 100 (B) 1M 27 18 28 100 (C) 1M 13 100 (E) 1M

100 (F) 1M 80 18 100 (I) 1M 63 100 (G) 1M 55 100 (H) 1M 70 100 (J) 1M 77

R 0 M C R L I L R 2G R 2L I L I C I C

Z S Z L < 300 2 Z S Z L > 1000 2 300 2 < Z S Z L < 1000 2

C 12 C 12 V1 C 1G R C 2G V1 C 1G C 2G R V N VN j ω [ C 12 / ( C 12 + C 2G )] j ω + 1 / R ( C 12 + C 2G )] V 1

VN j ω [ C 12 / ( C 12 + C 2G )] j ω + 1 / R ( C 12 + C 2G )] V 1 R << 1 / [ j ω ( C 12 + C 2G )] R >> 1 / [ j ω ( C 12 + C 2G )] V N = j ωr C 12 V 1 V N = V 1 [ C 12 / ( C 12 + C 2G ) ]

V N = j ωrc 12 V 1 V N = 1 / R (C 12 + C 2G ) C 12 V 1 (C 12 + C 2G ) ω

C2S C1s C1s V1 C1G CsG Vs V1 C1G CSG Vs V N = V S =V 1 [ C 1S / ( C 1S + C SG ) ] V N = V S = 0

C12 C2S C1G C1s C1s V1 C12 CsG VN V1 CSG C2G VN R V N = V 1 [ C 12 / ( C 12 + C 2G + C 2S ) ] R V N = jωrc 12

1 a b 2 a L Φ 1 / I 1 M Φ 12 / I 1 Φ 1 I11 Φ 12 I12 M = µ / 2 π ln[b 2 / b 2 -a 2 ]

I1 R2 I1 M R1 V1 VN V1 VN R R2 R1 R VN dφ12 / dt = d(mi1)/dt = M di1 / dt

V R1 IN = j ω C12V1 R2 V R1 VN = j ω M12 I1 R2

I1 M1S M12

1 I 1 ~ M 1S V 12 = j ω M 12 I 1 M 12 V S2 = j ω M S2 I S I S V N = V 12 + V S2 M S2 2 + - - + V 12 V S2

V S2 L S = Φ/ I S M S2 = Φ/ I S + + + Φ + + + + + + V S2 L S = M S2 = jω M I S2 S = jω M ( V S2 S / Z S ) = jω L [ V S S / ( jωl S +R S )] = V [ jω / ( jω+r S S /L S )] 2

V N = V 12 + V S2 V 12 = jω M 12 I 1 V S = jω M 1S I 1 M 12 = M 1S V S = jω M 12 I 1 V 12 V S2 = jω M 12 I [ jω / ( jω+r 1 S / L S )] V N = V 12 -V 12 [ jω / ( jω+r S / L S )] = V 12 [ (R S / L S ) / ( jω+r S / L S )]

VN V N M 12 I 1 Rs / Ls ) V N j ω M 12 I 1 Rs / Ls lgω

λ/10 λ/4 λ/2 λ3/4 λ lg f

VL t EMCEFT 20 200 Vdc Vdc I0 C VL t

(+) 320V ( ) 0.08mm

EMC 75kA 300kA I

EMCESD I I 1ns 100ns t

A 2Aτ 0.5A τ 1/πτ 1/πtr tr τ 1/πτ 1/πtr A 2Aτ EFT 5ns 50ns 6. 4MHz 64MHz 4kV 0.4V/MHz ESD 1ns 30ns 10MHz 320MHz 30A 1.8µA/MHz 1.2µs 50µs 6.3kHz 265kHz 4kV 0.4V/MHz

L L R L R R L C

R: V / I a < R < R L C: L C V C = I (L/C) 1/2 V C C > ( I / 300 ) 2 L < 300V 1V/µs C > 10-6 I

V DC + -

1 / πτ

2Aτ A 2Aτ IL f + f CO f f f CO

Fco > 1 / πτ V OUT = V P (f) f 1 = 2V IN τ / πτ = 2V IN / π V IN τ V OUT fco

Fco < 1 / πτ Parseval τ out 0 V2 (f)df = V 2 (t)dt 0 fco 0 (2V IN τ)2 df = V 2 OUT dt 0 τ out = 1 / πfco fco (2V IN τ) 2 fco = V 2 OUT / π fco V / V OUT = 2 π fco τ

V OUT / V IN -40-30 -20-10 0 0.001 0.1 1/2 π 0.01 τ f CO

1000 500 220

kv 6 4 2 6kV, 3kA 1.2 50 µs 0 ka 3 2 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 µs

kv 6 4 2 0 6kV, 3kA 1.2 50 µs ka 3 2 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 µs

TVS 1MΩ R R 1MΩ

Z V 1 V 2 = V 1 V I 2P V 2 V 0 I 2 = V 2 V 0 + 2 V 1 V 2 + 1+ 2 V V =V 1MAX -V 2MIN Z V / I 2P V 1 V 2 V 0MAX

V Z V Z +V G V G 5kA0.5Ω 2500V!

I I 1ns 100ns t

ESD

ESD kv/m A/m 4 15 3 2 10 cm 10 1 20 cm 5 50 cm 5 10 15 ns

I peak 90% I 1 I 2 tr 30 60 t(ns)

ESD ESD ESD V ESD ESD V

ESD I 2 ESD 2 ESD 1 I 1 ESD 2 ESD 1 I 1

ESD / V N