040205

ph Ca(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2 SO 2-4 Na + 1

90 13. (A)(B)(C)(D)(E) (C)(D)(E) ( 90 7 18 15 13 )(C) (E) (C () 2

() 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. NaCl () () () ph () () 1. 2. ph 3

<> HCl 1M H 2 SO 4 1M HNO 3 1M CH 3 COOH 1M 1M 1M NaOH 1M KOH 1M Ca(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2 1M Mg(OH) 2 ( ) NaCl KCl NH 4 Cl MgCl 2 CaCl 2 SrCl 2 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 MgSO 4 CaSO 4 Al(NO 3 ) 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ( ) Fe(NO 3 ) 3 FeCl 3 CuSO 4 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 MnCl 2 NiCl 2 CoCl 2 AgNO 3 U 4

1. 10-9 ~10-7 ( ) 2. 3. (pi) ph ph (pi) 4. 5. (salting in) 6. (salting out) 7. (coagulation value) (milliequivalent per liter) 1mL 8. 1837, ():, D/E 9. (Rfratio of flow) 5

() 1. 100mL 0.1M NaOAc 0.5 NaOAc 2. Al(OH) 3 50mL 1M Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 5mL 3. Fe(OH) 3 3g FeCl 3 7mL 200mL Fe(OH) 3 * Visking cat no.2-140-0401 (15.9m/m 20/32 ) 4. 1 5. 1mL 50mL 6. 10 7. 6

() ( 1.1) 1.1 ( 1.1-1) 1. 2mL 2. 1M HCl1M H 2 SO 4 1M HNO 3 1M CH 3 COOH1M 1M 1M NaOH1M KOH CaOH 2 1M BaOH 2 1M NH 3(aq) 5 1mL 10mL 3. 10mL 30 Fe(OH) Al(OH) HCl + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + x + xxx H 2 SO 4 + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx HNO 3 + xx + xx + xxx + xx + xxx + xxx + - xxx CH 3 COOH + xx + xx + xx + xx + xx + xxx xx + x + xx + xx + xx + xx + xx + x + xx + xx + xx + x + xx x NaOH + x + x + xx + xxx + x KOH + x + x + xxx + x Ca(OH) 2 + xxx + xx + x + x Ba(OH) 2 + xx + xx + xx + xx NH 3(aq) + xx + xx 7

<< >> 1. NaOHKOH IIA 2. 3. NaOH HCl 4. Al(OH) 3 Fe(OH) 3 5. ph 1.2 6. 1.2 ( 1.2) 1. 2mL 2. HCl H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 5M NaOH5M KOH 5 1mL 5mL 3. 5mL 30 4. 2.3. 5mL 5M KOH 2.3. 5mL 5M HCl 30 8

Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 1mL + xx + xx + xx + xx + x + xxx 2mL + xxx + xx + xx + xx + x + xxx +: HCl 3mL + xxx + xx + xx + xx + x + xxx -: 4mL + xxx + xx + xx + xx + x + xxx 5mL + xxx + xx + xx + xx + x + xxx +OH + xxxx - 1mL + xx + xx + xx + xx + xxx 2mL + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx H 3mL + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx 2 SO 4 4mL + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx 5mL + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx +OH + xxx - 1mL + xx + xx + xx + xx + xxx 2mL + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx HNO 3mL + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx 3 4mL + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx 5mL + xx + xx + xx + xxx + xxx +OH + xxxx - 1mL + x + x + x + xxx 2mL + x + x + xx + xxx NaOH 3mL + x + xx + xxx + xxx KOH 4mL + xx + xx + xxx + xxx 5mL + xx + xx + xxx + xxx +H + + xx + xx + xxx + xxx 1mL + x + x + xxx 2mL + x + x + xxx 3mL + x + x + xxx 4mL + xx + xx + xxx 5mL + xx + xx + xxx +H + + xx + xx + xxx xxx xx x 9

<< >> 1. (HClH 2 SO 4 HNO 3 ) (NaOHKOH) 2. 3. NaOH HCl 4. 1.3 1. 2mL 2. NaClNH 4 ClCaCl 2 NH 4 2 SO 4 SrCl 2 KClNa 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Mg Cl 2 MgSO 4 CaSO 4 5 1mL 5mL 3. 30 10

Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 +1 NaCl + x + xx + xx KCl + x + x + xx NH 4 Cl + x + xx +2 MgCl 2 + xx + xxx + xx CaCl 2 + x + x + xxx + xx + xxx + xx SrCl 2 + xx + xx + xx + xx + xxx + xxx +1 Na 2 SO 4 + xx + xx + xx + xx + xx + xx + xxx + xxx +: - xxx xx x + SO 4 2- (NH 4 ) 2 SO + xxx + xxx + xx + xxx + xx + xxx + xxx 4 +2 MgSO 4 + x + xxx + xxx + xxx + SO 4 2- CaSO 4 + xxx + x + xxx + xxx + xxx +3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + SO 4 2- << >> 1. CaCl 2 SrCl 2 Na 2 SO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 IIAIIIA 2. SO 2-4 SO 2-4 1.4(1) 3. NaClNa 2 SO 4 Na + 1.4(2) 11

4. Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 NaClKClNH 4 Cl NaClKClNH 4 Cl 2-4 2-5 1.4(1) ( 1.4) 1. 2mL 1% 2. 6mL 1M NaNO 3 Na 2 SO 4 KNO 3 K 2 SO 4 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 CaSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 MgSO 4 Al(NO 3 ) 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Na 2 C 2 O 4 Na 3 PO 4 3. 30 NaNO 3 Na 2 SO 4 KNO 3 K 2 SO 4 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 CaSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 MgSO 4 Al(NO 3 ) 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Na 2 C 2 O 4 Na 3 PO 4 + x + xx + x + xx + xxx + - xxx xx x << >> SO 2-4 SO 4 2-12

1.4(2)Na + ( 1.4) 1. 2mL 2. 6mL NaOHKOHNaClKClCaCl 2 NaNO 3 KNO 3 Na 2 SO 4 MgSO 4 Na 2 C 2 O 4 Na 3 PO 4 3. 30 NaOH KOH NaCl KCl CaCl 2 NaNO 3 KNO 3 Na 2 SO 4 MgSO 4 Na 2 C 2 O 4 Na 3 PO 4 + xx + xx + xxx + xxx + x + x + - xxx xx x << >> 1. Na + Na + 2. NaCl KCl Na + 13

1.5(1) ( 1.5) 1. 2M NaNO 3 2M NaCl 12345678910mL 1mL 30 2. 1mL 2M Na 2 SO 4 0.10.20.30.40.50.6 0.70.80.91.0mL 1mL 30 3. 1mL 2M Na 3 PO 4 0.10.20.30.40.50.60.7 0.80.91.0mL 1mL 30 4. 1.2.3. NaCl NaNO 3 Na 2 SO 4 Na 3 PO 4 Fe(OH) 3 7mL 8mL 0.3mL 0.2mL 14 16 1.2 1.2 Al(OH) 3 9mL 10mL 0.7mL 0.3mL 18 20 2.8 1.8 ml << >> 1. NaCl NaNO 3 Fe(OH) 3 Na 3 PO 4 Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 2. Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3-3>-2>-1 14

1.5(2) ( 1.5) 1.NaNO 3 KNO 3 (2M)12345678910ml 1mL 30 2. 5mL Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (2M) 2.02.22.4 2.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.0ml 1mL 30 3. 1mL Al(NO 3 ) 3 (2M) 0.10.20.30.40.5 0.60.70.80.91.0ml 1mL 30 4. 1.2. NaNO 3 KNO 3 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 Al(NO 3 ) 3 Fe(OH) 3 8mL 6mL 3.6mL 3.0mL 0.8mL 16 12 14.4 12 4.8 Al(OH) 3 10.0mL 9.0Ml 3.8mL 4.0mL 1.0mL 20 18 15.2 16 6 1. NaNO 3 KNO 3 Al(NO 3 ) 3 2. NaNO 3 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaNO 3 1 NO - 3 Mg(NO 3 ) 3 2 NO - 3 3. Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 +3>+2>+1 15

1.6 NaCl ( 1.6) 1. 0.2%0.4%0.6%0.8%1.0%1.2%1.4%1.6%1.8%2.0%NaCl 2. 1~10 100mL 0.2%0.4%0.6%0.8%1.0%1.2% 1.4%1.6%1.8%2.0%NaCl 3. 0.05g 1~10 4. NaCl 1% 0.20 0.05 2% 0.35 <0.05 3% 0.45 0.05 4% 0.45 0.10 5% 0.40 0.05 6% 0.35 0.10 7% 0.25 0.05 8% 0.10 <0.05 9% 0.10 <0.05 10% 0.10 0.05 16

<< >> 1. NaCl ph 2. NaCl NaCl 0.3% (salting in) NaCl (salting out) 3. NaCl 17

( 2) 1. 1mL 2. 0.5M CuSO 4 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 NiCl 2 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 FeCl 2 CoCl 2 MnCl 2 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 AgNO 3 1mL 3. 30 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + CuSO 4 + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx - AgNO 3 + xx + xx + xx + xx xxx xx NiCl 2 + x + x x FeCl 3 + xx + xx + xx + xx Fe(NO 3 ) 3 + xx + xx + xx + xx CoCl 2 + x + x + x + x MnCl 2 + x + x Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + xx + xx + xx + xx << >> 1. Ni 2+ Mn 2+ CoCl 2 2. Ni 2+ Mn 2+ Ni 2+ Mn 2+ 3. 18

( 3) 1. 2mL 2. (1M 1M 1M 1M 1M ) 5 1mL 5mL 3. 30 4. (95% ) 5 1mL 5mL 30 Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 1M + 1M 1M 1M * 1M 95%+ xx + xx + xxx + xxx - xxx xx x * + xxx + xxx + xxx + xxx + x << >> 1. 2. 1M 1M 3. 19

4. 95% 5. 95% 20

ph ( 4) 1. 16 *0.1M NaOAc 100 150g 3g 2. 0.5g 100mL 40mL H 2 O 1N NaOH 10mL 10meq NaOH 1N CH 3 COOH 10mL 10meq CH 3 COOH 100mL 3. 0.01N HOAc 0.1N HOAc 1.0N HOAc ph 1 8.35 0.65 1.00 5.9 2 7.75 1.25 1.00 5.6 3 8.70 0.30 1.00 5.3 4 8.50 0.50 1.00 5.1 5 8.00 1.00 1.00 4.7 6 7.00 2.00 1.00 4.4 7 5.00 4.00 1.00 4.1 8 1.00 8.00 1.00 3.8 9 7.40 1.60 1.00 3.5 ml 4. 0 10 20 30 40 1~9 1~9 [ A ] 5. ph=pka+log ph [ HA] 21

0 10 20 30 40 ph 1 5.9 9 9 7 7 7 2 5.6 8 7 7 7 6 3 5.3 7 6 6 6 5 4 5.1 4 4 4 4 4 5 4.7 2 2 3 2 2 6 4.4 1 1 1 1 1 7 4.1 3 3 2 2 3 8 3.8 5 5 5 5 5 9 3.5 6 8 7 7 7 0 10 20 30 40 ph 1 5.9 9 7 6 7 8 2 5.6 8 7 6 7 8 3 5.3 7 6 5 6 7 4 5.1 6 5 4 4 5 5 4.7 5 4 3 2 4 6 4.4 3 3 2 1 2 7 4.1 1 2 4 5 6 8 3.8 2 1 1 1 1 9 3.5 4 2 3 3 3 22

010 20 30 40 ph 1 5.9 8 8 8 8 8 2 5.6 8 8 8 8 8 3 5.3 6 6 6 6 6 4 5.1 3 3 3 3 3 5 4.7 1 1 1 1 1 6 4.4 2 2 2 2 2 7 4.1 4 4 4 4 4 8 3.8 5 5 5 5 5 9 3.5 7 7 7 7 7 010 20 30 40 ph 1 5.9 9 9 8 8 8 2 5.6 8 8 8 8 7 3 5.3 7 7 6 6 6 4 5.1 4 4 5 5 5 5 4.7 2 3 3 3 2 6 4.4 1 1 1 1 1 7 4.1 3 2 2 2 3 8 3.8 5 5 4 4 4 9 3.5 6 6 7 7 6 23

<< >> 1. ph4.4 pi ph4.4 pi ph4.4 2. ph4.4 ph3.8 pi 4.4 3.8 3. ph4.4 pi 4.4 4. ph ph 24

( 5) 5.1 ( 5.1) 1. 12mL U 2. ( ) 3. 5mA 30 ( 2.5mA ) 4. << >>() + x 5mA 13V + x 5mA 11.5V + xx 5mA 20V + x 2.5mA 5V + x + x 1mA 20V + x 2mA 20V Fe(OH)3 + x 5mA 5V Al(OH)3 + x 5mA 1.5V + - x xx xxx 25

5.2 NaCl ( 5.2) 1.12mL ( ) U 1.0mL 2. ( ) ( 1.0mL ) + x 4.5mA 7V + x 4.5mA 10V + xx 4.5mA 14.5V + x 2.5mA 10V + x + x 1mA 7V + x 2mA 20V Fe(OH) 3 + x 2mA 5V Al(OH) 3 + x 5mA 1V << >> 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NaCl (aq) 0.5mL 26

6.1 ( 6.1) 1. <A>0.1M 2mL <B>8mL <A><B> 2. 36 R f 3. NiCl 2(aq) CuNO 3 2(aq) CoCl 2(aq) Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) MnCl 2(aq) 4. <A> 2mL << >>() Fe(OH) 3 Rf Rf Rf Rf Fe(OH) 3 0.54 23 05 0.57 23 00 0.56 23'08 0.56 23'04 Fe(OH) 3 +Cu 2+ 0.35 19 32 0.34 20 00 0.34 19'58 0.34 19'50 Fe(OH) 3 +Co 2+ 0.30 21 11 0.28 21 05 0.27 21'06 0.28 21'07 Fe(OH) 3 +Ni 2+ 0.36 23 00 0.39 23 10 0.38 23'07 0.38 23'06 Fe(OH) 3 +Pb 2+ 0.33 18 24 0.33 18 25 0.35 18'23 0.34 18'24 Fe(OH) 3 +Mn 2+ 0.33 20 51 0.37 20 48 0.35 20'55 0.35 20'51 << >> 1. Fe(OH) 3 +H 2 O R f 0.56 Fe(OH) 3 R f Fe(OH) 3 Mn 2+ R f 0.35 Fe(OH) 3 Cu 2+ R f 0.34 Fe(OH) 3 +H 2 O R f 2. 12 27

6.2 ph ( 6.2) 1. <A>0.1M 2mL <B>8mL 0.25mL 1M KOH <A><B> 2. 36 R f 3. NiCl 2(aq) CuNO 3 2(aq) CoCl 2(aq) Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) MnCl 2(aq) 4. <B> 0.5mL 1M HCl 5. <A>2mL <B>8mL 0.25mL 1M KOH <A><B> 6. 36 R f 7. <B> 0.5mL 1M HCl Fe(OH) 3 (KOH) Rf Rf Rf Rf Fe(OH) 3 0.36 21 49 0.34 21 50 0.34 21 46 0.35 21 48 Fe(OH) 3 +Cu 2+ 0.42 18 23 0.41 18 30 0.41 18 25 0.41 18 26 Fe(OH) 3 +Co 2+ 0.38 19 00 0.37 19 05 0.38 19 03 0.38 19 03 Fe(OH) 3 +Ni 2+ 0.40 20 37 0.42 20 35 0.41 20 35 0.41 20 36 Fe(OH) 3 +Pb 2+ 0.38 20 19 0.36 20 15 0.36 20 16 0.37 20 17 Fe(OH) 3 +Mn 2+ 0.01 22 37 0.01 22 35 0.03 22 36 0.02 22 36 28

Fe(OH) 3 (HCl) Rf Rf Rf Rf Fe(OH) 3 0.17 18 47 0.20 18 50 0.18 18 49 0.18 18 49 Fe(OH) 3 +Cu 2+ 0.33 18 47 0.34 18 45 0.33 18 46 0.33 18 46 Fe(OH) 3 +Co 2+ 0.27 17 50 0.23 17 48 0.25 17 53 0.25 17 50 Fe(OH) 3 +Ni 2+ 0.23 21 17 0.27 21 15 0.24 21 20 0.25 21 17 Fe(OH) 3 +Pb 2+ 0.28 18 31 0.27 18 30 0.27 18 30 0.27 18 30 Fe(OH) 3 +Mn 2+ 0.27 17 50 0.23 17 48 0.21 17 45 0.24 17 48 << >> 1. KOH R f KOH Fe(OH) 3 Cu 2+ R f 0.34 R f 0.42 2. HCl R f HCl Fe(OH) 3 Cu 2+ R f 0.34 HCl R f 0.33 3. Mn 2+ Fe(OH) 3 29

() () 1. 2. ph ph4.4 ph4.4 3. 4. Co 2+ Ni 2+ 5. 95% 1M 30

6. ph () 1. (Glycinin) 2. ph ph4.4 ph3.8 ph 3. 4. () 1. 2. ph Ca(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2 IIA () 1. 2. Na + Na + 31

()Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 1. 2. 3. 1.5 NaCl 14 NaNO 3 16 Na 2 SO 4 1.2 Na 3 PO 4 1.2 NaNO 3 16 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 14.4Al(NO 3 ) 3 4.8 Al(NO 3 ) 3 4. 5. () Fe(OH) 3 Fe(OH) 3 32

() 1.1.pI ph4.4 2.2. 3.CaCl 2 SrCl 2 Na 2 SO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 3. Al(SO 4 ) 3 4. 4. 1.1.pI ph4.4 2.CaCl 2 SrCl 2 Na 2 SO 4 2. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 CaSO 4 3. Al(SO 4 ) 3 3. 1.1.pI 4.4 3.8 Glycinin 2. 2. NaClNH 4 ClCaCl 2 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 SrCl 2 3. 70% KCl Na 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Mg Cl 2 MgSO 4 CaSO 4 3. 1.Ba(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 1. A 2. 2. 1. 1. Fe(OH) 3 Fe(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 33

() 1. 2. ph 1. () (glycinin) (Casean) () Ca(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2 SO 2-4 () Na + Na + () () () 34

1. 2.,, p127 3.,Sept, 1999,, Chemistry (The Chinese Chem. SOC., Taipei ) vol.57, No.3, pp205~210 4., Dec, 1999, Ni(II)Zn(II)Cd(II)Cu(II), Chemistry (The Chinese Chem. SOC., Taipei ) vol.57, No.4, pp289~294 35

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