ebook140-3

3 WAN WAN WNA 2 L A N L A N ( WA N ) ( M A N ) 2 L A N WA N WA I n t e r n e t L A N WA N 3.1 M A N WA WA N WA N WA N M A N WA N G A N (WAN) 3.1.1 WAN WA N L A N L A N

44 WA N 3-1 WA N I P X / S P X I P X / S P X Apple Ta l k WA N 2 L A N L A N WA N L A WA N ( P S T N ) ( P D N ) I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 1 I P 192. 168. 4. 1 D S U / C S U I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 1 I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 2 T 1 L A N _ 1 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 0 L A N _ 2 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 0 I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 4. 2 D S U / C S U I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 3. 1 I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 3 D S U / C S U T 1 L A N _ 3 1 9 2. 1 6 6. 3. 0 D S U / C S U L A N _ 4 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 4. 0 3-1 L A N WA N 3.1.2 WA N L A

3 45 WA N WA N 3.1.3 2 L A N WA N 3.2 WAN L A N WA N L A N I T M I S L A N ( P O T S ) P O T S 3.2.1 ( P S T N ) P S T N I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t P S T N P S T N I n t e r n e t A R PA P S T N 1962 P S T N P S T P S T N P S T N 3.2.2 L A N ( P D N ) P S T P D P S T N P D N P S T P S T P D N P S T N P D N 3.2.3 P S T N P D N

46 2 I E E E R S - 232 ( I T U ) V. 24 I T U ( w w w. i t u. o rg ) I T U - T I T U ( C C I T T ) 2 600 I T U - T 1988 C C I T T 3.2.4 I T U X ( X. 25 X 2 5 ) V X V 3-1 3-2 WA N 3-1 ITU X # x. 7 x. 21 x. 21 b i s x. 25 x. 28 x. 29 x. 34 x. 35 x. 200 x. 207 x. 300 x. 328 x. 340 x. 400 x. 500 x. 800 x. 802 x. 803 x. 810 ( D T E ) ( D C E ) V D T E D T E D C E / ( PA D ) D T E / D C E PA D D T E PA D B - I S D N P S P D N P S D N X. 25 P S P D N ( ) ( ) I S D N ( P S P D N ) ( ) C C I T T ( ) ( )

3 47 # 3-2 ITU V V. 2 V. 6 V. 7 ( ) V. 24 ( EIA RS-232)V. 24 E I A - 232 - V. 2 8 V. 2 4 E ( ) 232 I S O 2110 V. 3 2 9 6 0 0 / 4 8 0 0 F D X V. 3 2 b i s 4 8 0 0 7 2 0 0 9 6 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 4 0 0 b p s V. 33 1 4400 b p s ( 4 12000 b p s ) V. 35 4 8 K b p s 4 W ( V. 36 ) V. 3 6 4 8 K b p s 4 W V. 37 7 2 K b p s 4 W ( V. 36 V. 37 4 w ) V. 90 56 K b p s 33. 6 K b p s V. 90 V. 100 P D N P S T N ( ) V. 11 0 I S D N V. 120 I S D N V. 230 1 ( b i s ) WA N I T U X. 21 X. 25 X. 28 X. 29 64 K b p s X. 25 ( I n t e r n e t ) ( ) X. 2 n O S I 3.2.5 Internet I n t e r n e t I T U X. 2 n X. 75 I n t e r n e t P C U N I X I T U X. 400 X. 500 X. X. 586 3.2.6 V X

48 L A N P S T N P S T N I T U V ( M O d u l a t i o n / D E M o d u l a t i o n / ) I T U I E E E R S - 232 AT&T ( AT & T ) B e l l 212 A 120 b p s 1 2 0 0 b p s I T U IEEE RS-232C V. 24 2400 b p s 3.2.7 I T U V. 32 9600 b p s V. 35 48 K b p s V. 90 V. 90 5 6 K b p s 54 K b p s 3.2.8 PDN V P S T N P D N P S T N P D N X. 25 ( H D L C ) V. 32 b i s I T U H D L C 1. P D N 2.

3 49 3.2.9 POTS / ( D S U / C S U ) D S U / C S U D S U / C S U 1. T 3-3 T 1 ( 56 K b p s ) T 1 E T 3-4 2. ( ) ( ) T- 2 4 T- 1 ( 3-3 ) 3-3 T T T 1 64 K b p s 1 T 1 1. 5 4 4 M b p s 2 2 4 T 1 C 3. 1 5 6 M b p s 4 8 T 2 6. 3 1 2 M b p s 9 6 T 3 4 4. 7 3 6 M b p s 6 7 2 T 4 2 7 4. 1 M b p s 4 032 3-4 E E E 1 2. 0 4 8 M b p s 3 0 E 2 8. 4 4 8 M b p s 1 2 0 E 3 3 4. 3 6 8 M b p s 4 8 0

50 3. T ( E C S A ) ( S T S S T S S T ( O C ) 3-5 3-5 STS O C S T S - 1 O C - 1 5 1. 8 4 0 M b p s 8 1 0 S T S - 3 O C - 3 1 5 5. 5 2 0 M b p s 2 4 3 0 S T S - 1 2 O C - 1 2 6 2 2. 0 8 0 M b p s 9 7 2 0 S T S - 2 4 O C - 2 4 1 244.160Mbps 1 9 4 4 0 S T S - 4 8 O C - 4 8 2 488.320Mbps 3 8 8 8 0 T S T S S T S O C C STS-3C S T S - 1 S T S O C ( S O N E T ) ( S D H ) S O N E T S D H S T S 4. I S D N ( L S L ) L S L ( I S D N ) I S D N L S L 3-2 5. ISDN I S D N ( B R I ) ( P R I ) I S D N ( B - I S D N ) B - I S D N I S D N ( 64 K b p s ) ( 16 6 4 K b p s ) B - D - H 3-6 I S D N ISDN BRI 56 K b p s 6. ISDN 1997 2 200 118

3 51 400 2. 5 59. 9 2. 5 ( Oasis Te c h n o l o g y w w w. o a s i s t e c h. c o m / i s d n g t e. h t m ) 400 70 I S D N 400 2. 5 I S D N 3-2 ISDN 70. 75 I S D N 125 B - 28. 82 7. ISDN I S D N P O T S ( N T 1 ) N T 1 2 P O T S 4 I S D N N T 1 N T 1 1 50 6 000 I S D N ( 300 ) ( 100 P O T S N T 1 ( N I ) N T 1 3-6 ISDN # B # D # H B R I 2 1 1 4 4 K b p s P R I 2 3 1 1. 5 4 4 M b p s B - I S D N??? 150 M b p s ( )

52 I S D N 8. D S L L S L ( D S L ) D S A D S L I n t e r n e t 6. 144 M b p s 640 K b p A D S L 64 K b p s A D S L I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e V P N L S L 3.3 WAN WA N X.25( ) FDDI AT M ( C i s c o ) 3.3.1 X.25 X. 25 X. 25 P S T N X. 25 P S T N X. 25 WA N P S T N D T E X. 25 D C E P S T N D C E X. 25 D T E D C E X. 25 70 X. 25 X. 25 X. 25

3 53 3.3.2 X. 25 8 K L A N ( 4 M b p s 1 00 M b p s ) X. 25 ( 10 M b p s ) T 1 3.3.3 FDDI L A N I B M I B M L A N WA N ( F D D I ) A N S I F D D I I B M I B M I B M 1. I B M I B M 1 980 I B M ( ) I B M 2. F D D I 1980 I B M 100 M b p s F D D I 3. FDDI F D D I (counter rotating)

54 3-3 ( D A S ) ( S A S ) F D D I N I C S A S S A S D A S A S - ( A ) S A S - ( B ) ( ) S A S - ( B ) D C A A S A S - ( A ) 3-3 FDDI ( ) D A S F D D I L A N WA F D D I ( ) 100 M b p s F D D I 3.3.4 ( AT M ) AT M 1990 L A N WA N

3 55 AT M - 3-4 AT M 1. X. 25 AT M AT M 2. AT M 53 ( 8 ) 48 5 AT M ( Q O S ) Q O S 3. ( A B R ) - 3 4 4. AT M AT M AT M AT M AT M AT M AT 155 M b p s 622 M b p s AT M 10 G b p 5.

56 C i s c o ( ) C i s c o WA N I n t e r n e t C i s c o A P I C i s c o WA N / ( M A N ) C i s c o C i s c o C i s c o C i s c o C i s c o ( ) I S P WA N ( P O P ) C i s c o WA N ( D P T ) C i s c o C i s c o D P T D P T C i s c o S O N E T C i s c o F D D I D P T ( ) Vo I P D P T C i s c o D P T C i s c o ( F D D I ) D P T ( S R P ) S R P C i s c o ( ) D P T D P T C i s c o I S P C i s c o P D N P O P T 1 C i s c o ( D P T ) V P N

3 57 3.4 WA N L A WA L A N 3.4.1 2 O S I ( D L L ) I E E E ( M A C ) M A C 3-4 A p p l e Ta l k Novell NetWa r e N e t Wa r e ( L S L ) I n t e r n e t ( ) A p p l e Ta l k A p p l e Ta l k ( A A R P ) ( ) P C 5 S r t r 1 P r t r 1 3-4 AppleTalk Novell NetWare M A C 1. 3-5 N e t Wa r e N W- 1 N W- 2 A p p l e Ta l k A p p l e - 1 A p p l e - 1 N W- 1 N W- 2 B r i d g e - 1 B r i d g e - 2 N W- 1 N W- 1 A p p l e Talk A p l 1 P C 1 P C 2 P C 3 P C 4 A p l 2 A p l 3 P C 1 A p l 1 P C 2 A p l 2 N e t Wate P C 3 A p l 3 P C 4 A p l 4 P C 5 P r t r 1 S r v r 1 A p l 4

58 N W- 2 A p p l e - 1 N W- 2 A p p l e - 1 A p p l e Ta l k N W- 1 N W- 2 ( N W- 2 N W- 1 ) P C 1 5 S r v r l 1 P r t r 1 B r i g b e _ A A p p l e Talk A p l 1 A p l 4 P C 11 P C 12 P C 13 P C 14 A p l 2 A p l 3 P C 11 N e t Ware LAN_1 P C 12 P C 13 P C 14 P C 15 N e t Wa r e S r v r 11 L A N _ 1 N e t Wa r e P C 25 S r v r 21 L A N _ 2, A p l 1 A p l 2 A p l 3 A p l 4 P r t r 1 B r i d g e _ B B r i g e r _ B P C 21 P C 22 P C 23P C 24 P C 21 A p l 1 N e t Ware LAN_2 P C 22 A p l 2 P C 23 A p l 3 P C 24 A p l 4 P C 25 P r t r 1 S r v r 21 B r i g e _ A 3-5 N W- 1 A p p l e - A p p l e Ta l k M A C N W- 2 N W- 2 N W- 1 N W- 1 3-5 3.4.2 L A N I D M A C I D I D I

3 59 WA N T C P / I P WA N T C P / I P U N I X U N I X ( U N I X ) I P 2 L A N I P T C P / I P I 1 ~ 255 8 192. 168. 0. 75 I P ( C l a s s A C l a s s B C l a s s C ) T C P / I P C l a s s C I P T C P / I I P T C P / I P 0 0 1 I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 0. 7 5 192. 168. 0. X X. X. X. 75 3.5 I P T C P / I P I P 3.5.1 T C P / I P I T C P / I P 1. 10 2 00000000 255 11111111

60 I P 192 1100 0000 2. A N D O R A N D 3. I P 1 0 I P 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 0 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111.0000 0000 ( A R P ) 3.5.2 I P 3.5.3 ARP T C P / I P A R A R P T C P / I P L A N U N I X ( r e s o l v e r ) 3.5.4 ( ) 1) 2) M A C ( ) 3) 4) M A C

3 61 5) M A C I P ( ) I P I P 3.5.5 I P ( ) I P 192. 168. 0. 75 192. 168. 0. 55 255. 255. 255. 0 3-7 3-7 I P A N D I P A N D 3-8 3-7 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 0. 7 5 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0100 1011 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1 0. 5 5 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0011 0111 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 0 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111.0000 0000 3-8 A N D 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 0. 5 5 1100 0000.10101000.00000000.0011 0 111 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 0 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111.0000 0000 A N D 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0000 0000 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0100 1011 A N D 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0000 0000 0. 0. 0. 5 5 0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000.0100 1011 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 55 I P M A C I P M A C

62 3-8 I D ( M A C ) M A C N e t Wa r e 5. X Novell NetWa r e I P X / S P X T C P / I P M A C A R P T C P / I P D A R PA I n t e r n e t I S O / O S I O S I O S I I n t e r n e t ( I C M P ) I C M P I P M A C A R P 3.6 I P I P 1 0 I P A N D I P 192. 169. 0. 75 I P 192. 169. 10. 55 255. 255. 255. 0 3-9 I P A N D I P A N D 3-10 M A C

3 63 3-9 192. 168. 0. 75 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0100 1011 192. 168. 10. 55 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 1010.0011 0111 255. 255. 255. 0 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111.0000 0000 3-10 I P 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1 0. 5 5 1100 0000.1010 1000.00001010.0011 0 111 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 0 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 1111.0000 0000 A N D 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 1010.0000 0000 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 0. 7 5 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0100 1011 A N D 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 1010.0000 0000 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 4 6. 5 5 1111 1111. 1111 1111. 1111 0110.0100 1011 ( ) A N D I P I P M A C I C M P M A C M A I P I P I P A N D I P M A C ( ) M A C I P I P I P M A C I P A R 3.7 WA N WA N WA N WA R F C R F I P M A C M A C I P I C M P M A C

64 I P 3.8 WA N L A Sun Solaris U N I X I P ( ) 3.8.1 WA N

3 65 1. 44 M b p s T 1 10 M b p s 3.8.2 1. RIP ( R I P ) R F C R I P R I P R I RFC 1058 I n t e r n e t R I P R I P R I P R I I P R I P R F C 1058 15

66 R I P R I R I P WA N R I P ( I G P ) R I P R I P RIP II RIP II R I P R I 2. OSPF ( O S P F ) O S P F I P L S P O S P F O S P F L S P R I P O S P F O S P F O S P F 3.9 T C P / I P I P Class C I P R F C 950 I n t e r n e t R F C 1118 I n t e r n e t ( ) 3-11 E & D 3 5 0 P C ' s 5 M & S 1 5 0 P C ' s 2 A d m i n 1 0 0 P C ' s 2 3.9.1 WAN P & C 600

3 67 ( E & D ) ( M & S ) ( A d m i n ) 3-11 3-6 G i g a B i t 1 192.168.1.0 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 1 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 2 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 3 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 4 A B C D 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 1 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 3. 1 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 4. 1 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 5. 1 2 192.168.2.0 3 192.168.3.0 4 192.168.4.0 5 192.168.5.0 3-6 P&C E & D ( C A D ) M & S A d m i n PSTN T1 Internet ISP P & C M I S T C P / I P ( ) Novell NetWa r e 5 Microsoft Windows NT U N I X L i n u x I S P Class C I P I N T E R N I C M I S 100 M b p s 1 G b p s M I S I P 192.168.1.0 192.168.2.0 E & D

68 192.168.3.0 E & D 192.168.4.0 M & S 192.168.5.0 A d m i n I n t e r n e t 3-6 I n t e r n e t C S U / D S U 3.9.2 3-6 I n t e r n e t ( 1 G b p s ) I P 5 Class C IP 1 275 I P 600 I P 50 % I S P Class C IP 3-6 3.9.3 O S I ( M A C ) M A C 3-6 T C P / I P I P X / S P X N E T B E U I I P X / S P X T C P / I P N E T B E U I T C P / I P

3 69 M A C N E T B E U I M A C 3.9.4-3 O S I - 4 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 2 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 6 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 1 0 1 G b i t / 1 0 0 M b i t 192. 168. 2. 0 / 192. 168. 3. 0 / 192. 168. 4. 0 / 1 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 0 3-7 P&C WAN

70-3 - 3-3 - 3 M I S 3-7 - 3 I P Class C IP - 3 - - 3 3.9.5-4 LAN QOS - 3 ( Q O S ) L A N 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 4 192. 168. 1. 0 192. 168. 2. 0 I P 192. 168. 1. 2-3 1 G b i t / 1 0 0 M b i t 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 1 0 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 3 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 11 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 1. 6 3-8

3 71 1. L A N - 3-3 ( ) M A C ( ) - 3 M A C ( ) L A N - 3 3-8 2. - 4 20 M b p s 68 M b p 100 M b p s 20 M b p s - 4 AT M C i s c o D AT O S I - 4 Q O S - 3 L A N - 4 Q O S 3.9.6 L A N Q O S Q O S N o v e l l N D S Q O S - 3-4 Novell 1999 B r a i n s h a r e Novell NetWare 5.NDS V 8 N o r t e l - 3 / - 4 Q O S Q O S

72 N o r t e l Novell NDS C i s c o N o v e l l N D S M i c r o s o f t A c t i v e D i r e c t o r y I n t e r n e t Q O S V P N 3.9.7 ( ) ( ) C D - R O M Novell NetWa r e R O M I n t e r n e t Wi n d o w s N T 5 000 15 000 C i s c o 10 ISDN Internet 2 500 128 M e g I I 3 000 T3 Internet - 3-4 N O S - 3-4 3.10 WA N WA N T 1 56 K ( 3-9 ) P S T N WA N I E E E R S - 232 C R S - 232

3 73 I E E E R S - 422 ( P S T N ) 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 2 1 9 2. 1 6 8. 2. 6 192. 168. 1. 10 L A N L A N I P L a n 10 192. 168. 1. 240 2 50 1 G b i t / 100 M B i t 2 192.168.2.0 / 3 192.168.3.0 / 4 192.168.4.0 / 1 192.168.1.0 3-9 T C P / I P I n t e r n e t ( S L I P ) ( P P P ) T C P / I P 3.10.1 SLIP S L I P I I P ( D H C P ) I P S L I P S L I P World Wi d e We b S L I P

74 3.10.2 PPP S L I P ( ) S L I P P P P P P S L I P S L I P S L I P T C P / I P P P P M i c r o s o f t I P X / S P X N E T B e u i A p p l e Ta l k DHCP I P I P P P P 3.11 WAN Arthur C.Clarke ( ) H A L - 2000 ( ) Microsoft Novell UNIX L i n u x 3.11.1 Microsoft M i c r o s o f t Windows NT Version 4 WA N / Windows NT4 M i c r o s o f t 1999 Windows 2000 Windows 2000 M i c r o s o f t Windows NT T C P / I P N T T C P / I P WA N M i c r o s o f t ( ) N T M i c r o s o f t Windows 2000 (active directory) WA N M i c r o s o f t C i s c o C i s c o C i s c Windows NT T C P / I P Wi n d o w s M i c r o s o f t Wi n s o c k T C P / I P Wi n s o c k Microsoft NT M i c r o s o f t N T N I C N T

3 75 3.11.2 Novell NetWare N o v e l l WA N I P X / S P X T C P / I P I P X / S P X WA N N e t Wa r e ( N e t Wa r e 3. x ) T C P / I P Novell NetWare LAN T C P / I P N o v e l l I n t r a n e t w a r e ( I P X I P ) I P X I P I n t e r n e t I n t r a n e t w a r e N e t Wa r e I P X I n t e r n e t I P I P X I n t e r n e t I P X I P X N o v e l l V P N 1. Novell N D S N o v e l l 1 993 N e t Wa r e 4 N o v e l l ( N D S ) N o v e l l N D S N o v e l l N o v e l l Ve r s i o n 8 NDSV 8 N o v e l l 1999Brainshare Conference NDS V8 3 ( ) V 8 N o v e l l WA N NDS V8 D H C P N D S N I S I S P N o v e l l NDS V8 N e t Wa r e 5 AT&T Wo r l d n e t GTE Net I S P WA N N o v e l l WA N ( I B M C o m p a q D e l l N o r t e l B a y N e t w o r k s C i s c o ) N D S WA N WA N N D S Q O S Q O S I P X / S P X N e t Wa r e R I P ( S A P ) N e t Wa r e 4 N o v e l l N e t Wa r e ( N L S P ) N e t Wa r e N I C Novell NetWa r e 1998 N o v e l l N e t Wa r e 5 N e t Wa r e 5 Novell NOS T C P / I P N o v e l l T C P / I P ( )

76 N o v e l l I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t N o v e l l V P N 3.11.3 UNIX Linux TCP/IP U N I X L i n u x T C P / I P ( ) T C P / I P U N I X L i n u x C i s c o U N I X ( SCO Unix) L i n u x U N I X U N I L i n u x WA N 1999 L i n u x L i n u x WA N U N I X L i n u x N e t s c a p e U N I X Caldera Systems SCO Unixware L i n u x Novell NDS 3.12 3.12.1 P S T N ( C H A P ) (PAP) C H A P PA P PA I D / I D / P S T N P D N

3 77 3.12.2 I S P I n t e r n e t P P P L A N WA N I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t L A N WA N ( ) 3.12.3 15 15 16 1. 2. I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t