9 IP 9.1 I P 9-1 I P 9-1 d a e m o n U n i x d a e m o n d a e m o n [Perlman 1992] 10 R I P Routing Information Protocol I P 9-1 I P 30 I C M P 9. 5 r o u t e n e t s t a t route netstat UDP TCP ICMP I P ( ) ( I P ) IP IP IP 9-1 IP
84 TCP/IP 1 9.2 I P I P 3. 3 I P 1) 2) 3) 0 I P I P 9.2.1 s v r 4 r n e t s t a t n I P n n e t s t a t / e t c / n e t w o r k s 1 140. 252. 13. 65 s l i p 140. 252. 13. 35 b s d i s l i p S L I P b s d b s d i f l a g U G H D 9. 5 M 9. 5 G G I P 3-3 I P 3-4 G I P 140. 252. 13. 65 140. 252. 13. 3
9 IP 85 G H G H n e t s t a t H 0 I P n e t s t a t R e f c n t Reference count T C P s v r 4 s l i p Te l n e t 1 Te l n e t 2 u s e p i n g 5 i n t e r f a c e 2 2. 7 l o 0 G H 127. 0. 0. 1 G I P 3 140. 252. 13. 33 s u n s v r 4 I n t e r n e t s u n S L I P U G s u n IP Host Requirements RFC IP Solaris 2.2 H 140. 252. 13. 32 0 5 3-11 G I P n e t s t a t 140. 252. 13. 32 140. 252. 13. 33 0 x ffffff e 0 3. 7 1) T C P / I P 2) 3) I n t e r n e t
86 TCP/IP 1 4) s l i p b s d i I P s v r 4 1) s u n 1 40. 252. 13. 33 s l i p l o c a l h o s t 140. 252. 13. 32 e m d 0 2) s l i p 1 40. 252. 13. 65 I P 140. 252. 13. 65 140. 252. 13. 65 e m d 0 3) I n t e r n e t a w. c o m 1 92. 207. 117. 2 140. 252. 13. 33 e m d 0 4) I P I ftp svr4 ftp 140.252.13.34 ftp localhost ftp 127.0.0.1 2 140. 252. 13. 3 I P 2-4 I P I I P I P I P 9.2.2 i f c o n f i g H r o u t e s v r 4 route add default sun 1 route add slip bsdi 1 3 d e f a u l t s l i p 4 ( m e t r i c ) r o u t e 0 G 0 G
9 IP 87 r o u t e 4. 4 B S D B S D / 386 / e t c / n e t s t a r t S V R 4 / e t c / i n e t / r c. i n e t Solaris 2.x / e t c / r c 2. d / S 69 i n e t SunOS 4.1.x / e t c / r c. l o c a l AIX 3.2.2 / e t c / r c. n e t / e t c / d e f a u l t r o u t e r 10 9. 6 9.2.3 s u n S L I P I n t e r n e t s v r 4 b s d i s l i p 3 ( G H ) S L I P i f c o n f i g sun % ifconfig sl0 sl0: flags=1051<u P, P O I N T O P O I N T, R U N N I N G > inet 140.252.1.29 --> 140.252.1.183 netmask ffffff00 ( n e t b), I P ( 140. 252. 1. 29 )(, n e t s t a t I P ) ( G H ) ( 140. 252. 1. 183 S L I P ), S L I P I P ( 140. 252. 1. 29 ) n e t s t a t 3 4 ( s l 0) S L I P. 9.2.4 I P
88 TCP/IP 1 I C M P 9.3 ICMP I P I C M I C M P 6-10 s u n S L I P S L I P s u n B S D 4.4 BSD s u n n e t s t a t S L I P S L I P S L I P S L I P s u n s u n I C M P s v r 4 p i n g S L I P b s d i t c p d u m p 9-2 9-2 p i n g ICMP s u n g e m i n i S L I P I n t e r n e t p i n g I n t e r n e t I P I n t e r n e t IP Internet 8-5 I P 6 N S F N E T 6 N S F N E T I n t e r n e t [Ford, Rekhter, and Braun 1993] top-level routing domain I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e
9 IP 89 5 N S F N E T Commercial Internet Exchange: C I XN A S A NASA Science Internet: NSIS p r i n t L i n k I P E B O N E 9.4 I P i p f o r w a r d i n g E B S D / 386 S V R 4 0 SunOS 4.1.x 1 0 1 1 Solaris 2.x 0 1 2 4. 2 B S D 9.5 ICMP I P I C M I P 9-3 I C M P 7-6 1) I P R 1 R 2) R1 R 2 R 2 R 1 L A N 3) R1 I C M P R 2 R 1 (1) IP (3) ICMP (2) IP R1 R2 9-3 ICMP
90 TCP/IP 1 9-3 R 1 R 2 I C M P T C P / I P R 1 R2 L A N 9.5.1 I C M P a i x, s o l a r i s g e m i n i g a t e w a y n e t b 150 10 g a t e w a y I n t e r n e t 140. 252. 1 S L I P A R P 4. 6 140. 252. 1 s u n 1 40. 252. 1. 29 n e t b A R P S L I P n e t b 140. 252. 13 I C M P s o l a r i s p i n g b s d i( 140. 252. 13. 35 ) A R P g a t e w a y p i n g 2 24. 0. 0. 0 I P 12 p i n g v I C M P p i n g g a t e w a y
9 IP 91 I C M P b s d i D I C M P G g a t e w a y (n e t b H b s d i s v r 4 I C M P s l i p b s d i, s v r 4 s l i p s u n I C M P I C M P 140. 252. 13 9.5.2 I C M P 9-4 (5) (0~3) IP 8 IP ( )+ IP 8 9-4 ICMP 9-5 I C M P I ( 1 ) I P I C M P I P ( 2 ) I P I P ( 3 ) I P I C M P 4 ~ 7 9-5 ICMP I C M P 9-1
92 TCP/IP 1 4. 4 B S D I C M P 1) 2) I C M P 3) 4) i p _ s e n d r e d i r e c t s E B S D SunOS 4.1.x Solaris 2.x AIX 3.2.2 SVR4 4. 4 B S D I C M P 1) 2) 3) 4) 1 3 9-5 9.6 ICMP I C M P RFC 1256 [Deering 1991] I C M P I C M P 9-6 I C M P 9-7 32 bit 2 (10) (0) ( 0 ) 8 9-6 ICMP
9 IP 93 (9) (0) (2) 8 [1] [1] [2] [2] 9-7 ICMP I P I P 32 bit I P 0 x 80000000 0 9.6.1 450 600 3 0 9.6.2 10 3 0 9.6.3 9-1
94 TCP/IP 1 I C M P Solaris 2.x i n. r d i s c RFC IP 9.7 I P T C P I P 5 bit I P I I P I P I C M r o u t e I C M P I C M P 9.1 I C M P 9.2 9. 4 s v r 4 s l i p 1 40. 252. 13. 65 9.3 4. 2 B S D 4. 3 B S D 140. 1 4. 2 B S D 0 ( 140. 1. 0. 0 ) 4. 3 B S D 1 140. 1. 255. 255 4. 2 B S D 4. 2 B S D 140. 1. 255. 255 I P 9.4 140. 1 A R P a r p I P 140. 1. 255. 255 1 9.5