法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 WTO WTO 改革动向及思考 刘敬东 100720 面对国际关系的历史性变化以及当前国际金融危机,WTO 理应改革自身体制适应 新的形势, 推动国际贸易在新世纪的发展和繁荣尽管改革思路和方案内容不同, 但对于 WTO 改 革的必要性, 国际上有广泛的共识 : WTO 体制已不适应新的国际关系特点, 自身存在的制度性缺陷 已严重阻碍 WTO 发挥多边贸易体制功能但对于 WTO 改革的指导思想, 发展中成员与发达成员之间 学者之间尚有争论结合当前形势以及可行性考虑,WTO 应当在广泛征求意见的基础上, 围 绕总干事以及秘书处的职权 透明度 现行决策机制这三项基本制度尽快开展必要的改革 WTO 改革必要性指导思想具体方案 刘敬东 ( 1968 - ), 男, 汉族, 黑龙江哈尔滨人, 中国社会科学院国际法研究所国际经济法室副主 1 GATT ( 一 ) WTO 体制已不适应新的国际关系 WTO 1947 GATT GATT /WTO WTO WTO 任 副研究员 2000 1 8-9 87 1995 WTO 1 GATT
法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 2 Green House Negotiation WTO WTO IMF WTO 3 WTO WTO 6 WTO medieval 7 WTO WTO 4 ( 二 ) 制度性缺陷已严重阻碍 WTO 功能 GATT /WTO WTO WTO 1. WTO 2. WTO WTO WTO GATT GATT 5 GATT WTO 8 WTO 2 3 4 5-6 5 GATT GATT Executive Secretary 1965 6 7 8 WTO O 2008 120 2011 21 2004 Director - General GATT 114-15 38-9 2150 John H. Jackson WTO Constitution and Proposed Reforms Seven Mantras Revisited 4 1 Journal of international Economic Law 67 2001 at 74-75. 88
法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 10 WTO 瑏瑡 WTO WTO ( 一 ) WTO 是否应走 宪政化 道路 WTO 瑏瑣 9 WTO WTO WTO GATT /WTO 瑏瑠 WTO 瑏瑢 WTO 9 James Harrison The Human Rights Impact of the World Trade Organization Oxford and Portland Oregon Hart Publishing p. 36 2007. 瑏瑠 Ernst - Ulrich Petersmann Theories of Justice Human Rights and the Constitution of the International Markets printed in Italy in Dec. 2003. European university institute. PP. 2-3 25-29 30. 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 WTO 2005 4-10 P Alston Resisting the Merger and Acquisition of Human Rights by Treaty Law A Replay to Petersmann European Journal of International Law 2002 13 815 7. 瑏瑣 R. Michael Gadbow and Michael T. Medwig Multinational Enterprises and International Labor Standards Included in Human Rights Labor rights and International Trade Edited by Lance A. Coupa and Stephen F. Diamond University of Pennsylvania Press 1996 pp. 156-157. 89
法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 WTO WTO TRIPS WTO 瑏瑤 ( 二 ) WTO 是否应将工作重心转移 GATT GATT WTO WTO 瑏瑥 WTO WTO WTO WTO ( 三 ) WTO 是否应改变 成员方导向 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 瑏瑦 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 瑏瑧 WTO 瑏瑤 WTO TRIPS WTO Declaration on the TRIP Agreement and Public Health Ministerial Declaration WT /MIN 01 /DEC. /2 2001. 11. 14. 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 346-47 369-70 3138-139 90
法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 瑐瑠 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO ( 一 ) 强化总干事和秘书处职权 WTO WTO WTO ( 二 ) 扩大 WTO 体制的透明度 WTO NGOs WTO WT0 WTO 瑏瑨 GATT WTO WTO 瑏瑩 WTO 1 2 WTO 瑏瑨 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 At 835. 瑏瑢 128 WTO 3141-144 Nordstrom The World Trade Organization Secretariat in a Changing World 39 Journal of World Trade 819 2005. 91
法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 瑐瑡 WTO 瑐瑢 WTO WTO 瑐瑦 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 瑐瑣 WTO WTO WTO II WTO WTO WTO WTO 瑐瑤 WTO WTO WTO 瑐瑥 瑐瑧 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO IMF WTO 瑐瑡 瑏瑢 67 瑐瑢 WTO See Steve Charnovitz A Close Look at a Few Points 8 2 Journal of International Economic Law 311 2005 at 319. 瑐瑣 瑐瑤 瑐瑥 2 166 瑐瑦 瑐瑧 3150 22 4 WTO WTO WTO 2003 2008 瑏瑢 87 Warwick Commission The Multilateral Trade Regime Which Way Forward Report of the First Warwick Commission Coventry University Of Warwick 2007 at 33. 92
法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 90% WTO WTO / WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO IMF 瑐瑨 ( 三 ) 改革现有决策机制 WTO GATT1994 GATS TRIPS WTO 瑐瑩 WTO WTO WTO WTO 瑑瑡 10% 瑑瑠 critical mass 瑑瑢 瑐瑨 瑐瑩 瑑瑠 瑑瑡 瑑瑢 NGO 3 326-336 2 126 3131-132 WTO 3 54-55 355-56 93
法学杂志 2013 年第 4 期 WTO WTO WTO WTO 瑑瑣 WTO On the Future of WTO Thoughts on Reform of WTO Liu Jingdong Abstract Facing with the historical changes of international relations and current international financial crisis the WTO should reform its system to adapt to the new situation promotes international trade development and prosperity in new century. Although the reform' ideas and schemes are different but for WTO reform necessity the international community has a broad consensus the WTO system is not adapted to the new international relations characteristics it's institutional defects have been already serious obstacle for the WTO to play multilateral trade system function. But for the guiding ideology of reform there still are arguments between developed and developing members also among scholars. Considering the current situation and feasibility WTO shall solicit opinions around the authority and carry out the necessary reforms on the three basic system of the director general and the Secretariat transparency the decision - making mechanism as soon as possible. Keywords the reform of the WTO necessity the guiding ideology concrete schemes 程绍燕 瑑瑣 3132 94