RPC SOAP REST API API HTTP JSON XML PHP PHP PHP PHP PHP HTTP request/response cycle HTTP HTTP verbs headers Cookies JSON XML PHP RPC SOAP RESTful HTTP

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1 RPC SOAP REST API API HTTP JSON XML PHP PHP PHP PHP PHP HTTP request/response cycle HTTP HTTP verbs headers Cookies JSON XML PHP RPC SOAP RESTful HTTP API API 前言 vii

2 第一章 HTTP HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol web HTTP request response HTTP URL verb headers status code body HTTP [page-1] server client HTTP WordPress

3 2 HTTP [page-2] GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: no-cache Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/ *;q=0.8 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/ (KHTML, like Gecko)... Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch Accept-Language: en-gb,en-us;q=0.8,en;q=0.6 GET HTTP/ OK Server: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu) X-Powered-By: PHP/ ubuntu4.6 X-Pingback: Expires: Wed, 11 Jan :00:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0 Content-Encoding: gzip Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 8806 Date: Tue, 15 Sep :43:54 GMT X-Varnish: Age: 0 Via: 1.1 varnish <!DOCTYPE html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <meta name="bitly-verification" content="ff69fb2e45ef"/> <title>home - LornaJaneLornaJane Lorna Jane Mitchell's Website</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href=" images/favicon.ico">... HTTP

HTTP 3 1-1 lornajane.net HTTP Google kittens [page-3] 1. http://www.google.

4 HTTP lornajane.net HTTP Google kittens [page-3] 1. Location redirect

5 4 HTTP URL 中問號 (?) 之後的部分稱為查詢字串 (query string), 這是向特定 URL 或端點 (endpoint) 傳遞附加資料的一種方法 assets asynchronously JavaScript API [page-4] PHP PHP API PHP PHP API PHP PHP API API PHP API PHP HTTP tweets 1-2 當你和一個既提供 API 又呼叫 API 的應用程式打交道時, 請注意變數的命名, 建議你加入 request 關鍵字以避免混淆

HTTP 5 1-2 API HTTP HTTP HTTP [page-5] command-line tool PHP 10 debugging HTTP http://requestb.in API request bin URL HTTP API http://example.

6 HTTP API HTTP HTTP HTTP [page-5] command-line tool PHP 10 debugging HTTP API request bin URL HTTP API Internet Assigned Numbers Authority org/domains /special HTTPResponder GitHub

7 6 HTTP httpbin.org example HTTP curl curl PHP curl extension 12 PHP HTTP [page-6] curl curl API Web GET POST GET POST HTTP -X switch POST curl -X POST GET POST -X -v STDERR STDOUT $ curl -v -X POST -d name="lorna" -d ="lorna@example.com" -d message="this HTTP stuff is rather excellent" * Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache * Trying * Connected to requestb.in ( ) port 80 (#0)

8 HTTP 7 > POST /example HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/ > Host: requestb.in > Accept: */* > Content-Length: 78 > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded > * upload completely sent off: 78 out of 78 bytes < HTTP/ OK < Connection: keep-alive * Server gunicorn/ is not blacklisted[page-7] < Server: gunicorn/ < Date: Tue, 07 Jul :49:57 GMT < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < Content-Length: 2 < Sponsored-By: < Via: 1.1 vegur < * Connection #0 to host requestb.in left intact curl curl less grep curl terminal progress output bar -s curl -s -v less pager curl -s -v 2>&1 less 2>&1 STDERR STDOUT less STDOUT API curl -d field POST curl curl -X POST -d name="lorna" -d ="lorna@example.com" -d message="this HTTP stuff is rather excellent"

9 8 HTTP API POST JSON XML curl -d -d curl curl -X POST HTTP curl -H Accept HTML [page-8] curl -H "Accept: text/html" curl Cookie 4 Cookie Cookie Cookie Cookie curl Cookie Cookie cookie jar HTTP Cookie curl -c cookiejar.txt cookiejar.txt Cookie cookie jar -b Cookie curl -b cookiejar.txt Cookie -b -c cookiejar Cookie

10 HTTP 9 curl HTTPie curl curl [page-9] 1-3 HTTPie 1-3 curl HTTPie GET --print -p HTTPie H B h b hb curl b http -p b HTTPie URL POST

11 10 HTTP $ http -p bhbh -f name=lorna =lorna@example.com message="this HTTP stuff is rather excellent" POST /example HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 80 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8 Host: requestb.in User-Agent: HTTPie/0.8.0 name=lorna& =lorna%40example.com&message=this+http+stuff+is+rather+excellent HTTP/ OK[page-10] Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 2 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Date: Tue, 07 Jul :46:28 GMT Server: gunicorn/ Sponsored-By: Via: 1.1 vegur ok HTTPie : Accept $ http -p H -f Accept:text/html GET /149njzd1 HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8 Host: requestb.in User-Agent: HTTPie/0.8.0 curl HTTPie HTTP Chrome Firefox Opera Safari IE HTTP

HTTP 11 API Firefox Developer Toolbar plugin FireBug http://getfirebug.com LiveHTTPHeaders http://livehttpheaders.

12 HTTP 11 API Firefox Developer Toolbar plugin FireBug LiveHTTPHeaders LiveHTTPHeaders HTTP Cookie Chrome Edit This Cookie Cookie Cookie Cookie [page-11] authentication curl

12 HTTP Chrome ModHeader 1-5 1-5 Chrome ModHeader PHP HTTP PHP HTTP PHP API PHP curl

13 12 HTTP Chrome ModHeader Chrome ModHeader PHP HTTP PHP HTTP PHP API PHP curl PHP PHP stream-handling [page-12] Guzzle PHP curl 6 HTTP PHP curl wrapper PHP GET <?php

14 HTTP 13 $url = " $ch = curl_init($url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); $result = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); URL GET curl_setopt() curl CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER curl HTTP flag [page-13] HTTP POST JSON Content-Type <?php $url = " $data = ["name" => "Lorna", " " => "lorna@example.com"]; $ch = curl_init($url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($data)); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, ['Content-Type: application/json'] ); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); $result = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); curl_setopt() POST CURLOPT_POST 1 CURLOPT_ POSTFIELDS Content-Type 3 PHP curl interface PHP HTTP PHP allow_url_fopen

15 14 HTTP PHP file_get_contents() GET <?php $result = file_get_contents(" PHP HTTP FTP SSL GET JSON POST [page-14] <?php $url = " $data = ["name" => "Lorna", " " => "lorna@example.com"]; $context = stream_context_create[[ 'http' => [ 'method' => 'POST', 'header' => ('Accept: application/json', 'Content-Type: application/json'), 'content' => json_encode($data) ] ]]; $result = file_get_contents($url, false, $context); context PHP PHP HTTP Guzzle PHP library HTTP Composer Composer GitHub 6 Guzzle POST Guzzle <?php require "vendor/autoload.php";

16 HTTP 15 $url = " $data = ["name" => "Lorna", " " => "lorna@example.com"]; $client = new \GuzzleHttp\Client(); $result = $client->post($url, ["json" => $data]); echo $result->getbody(); Guzzle Composer autoloader Guzzle URL Guzzle client POST json Guzzle JSON [page-15] HTTP PHP PHP framework Guzzle

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