Transcription

1 Hong Kong Bird Report 香港鳥類報告 2014

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3 Published in May 年 5 月出版 The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society 香港觀鳥會 (A charitable organization incorporated in Hong Kong with limited liability by guarantee 香港註冊成立的法定慈善機構及無股本擔保有限公司 ) 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 中國香港九龍荔枝角青山道 532 號偉基大廈 7 樓 C 室 Chief Editor: John Allcock 主編 : 柯祖毅 Editors: Gary Chow and Geoff Welch 編輯 : 周家禮 Geoff Welch 版權所有, 不准翻印 All rights reserved. Copyright HKBWS Printed on 100% recycled paper and with soy ink 以 100% 再造紙及環保大豆油墨印製 Front Cover 封面 : Japanese Night Heron Gorsachius goisagi 栗鳽 Pak Tam Au, 15 th December 2014 北潭凹 2014 年 12 月 15 日 Chung Yun Tak 鍾潤德

4 香港魚塘生態保育計劃 H o n g K o n g F i s h p o n d C o n s e r v a t i o n S c h e m e 香港觀鳥會得到環境及自然保育基金資助, 自 2012 年起, 與百多位新界西北漁民合作, 開展 香港魚塘生態保育計劃, 以提升魚塘的生態價值, 並向公眾推廣魚塘保育的訊息 Since 2012, HKBWS has organized Hong Kong Fishpond Conservation Scheme funded by Environment and Conservation Fund. More than 100 fishermen in the NW New Territories joined hands to enhance the ecological value of fishpond and convey the message of fishpond conservation to the general public. 生境管理 Habitat Management 魚塘嘉年華 Fishpond Festival 導賞員訓練 Ecotour Guide Trainig 魚塘教育園地 Fishpond Education Kiosk 生態調查 Ecological Survey 展覽 Exhibition

5 The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society 香港觀鳥會 Committees and Officers 2016 委員會委員 榮譽會長 Honorary President 林超英先生 Mr. Lam Chiu Ying 執行委員會 Executive Committee 主席 Chairman 劉偉民先生 Mr. Lau Wai Man, Apache 副主席 Vice-chairman 吳祖南博士 Dr. Ng Cho Nam 副主席 Vice-chairman 吳敏先生 Mr. Michael Kilburn 義務秘書 Hon. Secretary 陳慶麟先生 Mr. Chan Hing Lun, Alan 義務司庫 Hon. Treasurer 周智良小姐 Ms. Chow Chee Leung, Ada 委員 Committee members 柯祖毅先生 Mr. John Allcock 方健華先生 Mr. Fong Kin Wa, Forrest 區俊茵小姐 Ms. Au Chun Yan, Joanne 施百納先生 Mr. Bena Smith 蘇毅雄先生 Mr. So Ngai Hung, Samson 余秀玲小姐 Ms. Yu Sau Ling, Wendy 洪維銘先生 Mr. Hung Wai Ming 文權溢先生 Mr. Man Kuen Yat, Bill ( 紅耳鵯俱樂部主席 ) (Chairman, Crested Bulbul Club) 義務核數師 Honorary Auditor 吳潔瑤會計師事務所有限公司 K.Y. Ng & Company Limited, CPA 義務法律顧問 Honorary Legal Advisor 何志明先生 Mr. Ho Chi Ming 紀錄委員會 Records Committee 主席 Chairman 賈知行先生 Mr. Geoff Carey 秘書 Secretary Mr. Geoff Welch 委員 Committee members Mr. Richard Lewthwaite 利雅德先生 Mr. Paul Leader 利偉文博士 Dr. Michael Leven 余日東先生 Mr. Yu Yat Tung 周家禮先生 Mr. Chow Ka Lai, Gary

6 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Editorial Preface Editorial Preface Welcome to the 2014 Hong Kong Bird Report. Once again the annual Hong Kong Bird Report provides a summary of bird sightings in Hong Kong, in this edition covering the year Bird watching in the territory continues to go from strength to strength, especially with the ongoing development of digital photography leading to exciting observations and new discoveries. As in previous years, we have prepared a summary of observations in the systematic list as well as some papers about Hong Kong birds that we think will be of interest to the members of HKBWS. For over 50 years the HKBWS has been collecting records of bird sightings in Hong Kong. One of the strengths of this long-term and reliable dataset is that it helps us to investigate the changing fortunes of bird species within the territory. On the positive side, the new arrival and colonization of some species, especially forest species, may be obvious to long-term observers. On the negative side, some species that were previously regular have now disappeared in Hong Kong. What may be less obvious are the changes in fortunes of those species that have occurred throughout this period of observation, but for which the abundance has changed. Looking back through older editions of the annual Hong Kong Bird Report may give some indication of the change for some species, but is a time-consuming task. I am pleased therefore to include a paper on the population changes in some species as part of this HKBR. We have chosen to start with the more obvious declines in abundance, largely to draw attention to the potential conservation needs of these species. I am expecting that the more positive news of increasing species will be in a future edition of the HKBR. Of course, all this is only possible with the continued support of the HKBWS membership. Any sightings submitted to HKBWS could be useful in future to help track the changing population of the species. As you will notice from the paper in this report, records are useful not only for the rarer species but also potentially for species currently considered to be common (Barn Swallow being an example in this paper). I encourage everyone to continue to submit observations so that we can ensure that the data we use is of the best quality possible. I would like to close by once again thanking the editorial team for a job well done. The HKBR is always a team effort, and everyone involved plays a vital role in getting this report to you each year. As in the past few years, Geoff Welch has been invaluable in helping to prepare the systematic list and annual summary and compiling photos, as well as organizing all aspects to ensure the report production runs smoothly and providing useful ideas for continuing improvements to the report. Gary Chow arranges all of the translations and provides additional feedback on content that I may have previously missed. Bonnie Chan and others in the HKBWS office liaise with the printer to ensure that the report reaches final production, and then ensure that this gets sent to the members. I would also like to give thanks to the Records Committee for their work over the years in verifying observations and sightings for inclusion in the report.

7 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Editorial Preface John Allcock Chief Editor Editors Geoff Welch and Gary Chow Translators Chan Chiu Mei, Derek Chan, Celia Ho, Tiffany Ho, Alvin Hui, Lynn Hui, Cecilia Kwan, Eling Lee, HK Leung, Katherine Leung

8 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Editorial Preface 編者序言 歡迎閱覽 香港鳥類報告 2014 香港鳥類報告再一次為大家提供雀鳥在香港出沒的概要, 今次涵蓋 2014 年 觀鳥活動在本地日益俱增, 特別是因數碼攝影的改良而帶出更多有趣的觀察及新發現 一如以往我們將鳥類概況編纂在分類總覽中, 亦將一些我們認為香港觀鳥會會員會感興趣的文章與大家分享 過往五十年香港觀鳥會一直搜集香港的雀鳥紀錄, 日積月累的數據令我們可以分折本地多年來雀鳥的改變 正面來說新到臨及聚居的鳥種特別是林鳥越見明顯, 但負面來說一些過往定期出現的雀鳥現在開始在香港消失 一些長期在香港出現但只是在數目上有所改變的鳥種, 其改變可能並不明顯 回顧早期的觀鳥報告可提供一些線索, 但這是極花時間的 我很高興在此觀鳥報告中分享一篇關於一些鳥種的數目改變的文章, 我們先從一些下跌趨勢較明顯的鳥種開始, 希望提起大家對保育的關注 我期望在未來的觀鳥報告中, 我們可以提供一些關於鳥種增加的正面消息 當然所有成果實有賴香港觀鳥會會員的支持, 提供觀鳥紀錄有助我們追踪雀鳥數目的變化 大家可從此文章中見到, 不單是罕見雀鳥的資料有幫助, 一些現時較為常見的鳥種亦很有用, 文中的家燕便是一個例子 我呼籲大家繼續提交紀錄, 讓我們有高可靠性的數據可用 我再一次多謝編輯團隊的努力, 香港觀鳥報告永遠都是集體努力而成的, 每位參與的成員都作出重要的供獻 Geoff Welch 一直以來負責分類總覽 年度總結 搜集相片, 以及協調各項工作以令報告順利製作, 並為報告不斷提供意見 ; 周家禮統籌所有翻譯工作及在我可能遺漏的細節上提供意見 ; 陳芳玲及其他香港觀鳥會職員與印刷商協調得以令報告可順利印刷並送到會員手中 ; 我亦感謝紀錄委員會會員多年審批觀察紀錄, 得以將紀錄編纂在此報告中 主編輯柯祖毅 編輯 Geoff Welch 及周家禮 翻譯義工 陳翠楣 陳健德 何煒筠 何穎彤 許桓峰 許文寧 關小春 李佩玲 梁厚健 梁嘉善

9 HKcBirds 香港常見鳥類 Common Birds of Hong Kong 免費下載 讓香港鳥類在你手 Bird information in your hands Download it for Free 項目統籌 Project Investigators: 項目資助 Funding Support: 香港觀鳥會 The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society 香港大學知識交流基金 The University of Hong Kong Knowledge Exchange

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11 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Contents Hong Kong Bird Report 香港鳥類報告 Contents 目錄 List of Plates 圖片目錄 1 Records Committee Report 2014 紀錄委員會報告 2014 Geoff J. Carey 賈知行 10 Annual Summary 全年摘要 Geoff Welch 14 Systematic List 2014 分類總覽 2014 Geoff Welch 26 Annual Peak Counts and Estimated Number of Birds 單次最高數量圖表 260 Index to Systematic List 分類總覽雀鳥名稱索引 280 Brown Noddy Anous stolidus on Po Toi Island: The first Hong Kong record 蒲台的白頂玄鷗 Anous stolidus 香港首個紀錄 Geoff Welch 290 Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber at Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve: The first Hong Kong record 大埔滘自然護理區的黑眉擬啄木鳥香港首個紀錄 Yat-tung Yu 余日東 Yik-hei Sung 宋亦希 295 Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans on Po Toi Island: The first Hong Kong record 蒲台的鴉嘴卷尾 Dicrurus annectans 香港首個紀錄 Wing Yiu Yam 任永耀 302

12 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Contents Asian Short-toed Lark Alaudala cheleensis at Lok Ma Chau WMA: The first Hong Kong record 於落馬洲補償濕地的亞洲短趾百靈 Alaudala cheleensis 香港首個紀錄 Paul J Leader 利雅德 306 White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura on Cheung Chau Island: The first Hong Kong record accepted as Category I 長洲的白尾藍地鴝 Myiomela leucura Martin D Williams 311 Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos at Long Valley: The first Hong Kong record accepted as Category I 塱原的白頭鵐 Emberiza leucocephalos Stanley Hui Chi Man 許志文 314 Swinhoe s Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus breeding in the New Territories: The first confirmed breeding record for Hong Kong 環頸鴴 dealbatus 亞種白臉鴴在香港的首個繁殖紀錄 John Allcock 柯祖毅 Martin Hale 317 The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong 香港 Seicercus 屬鶲鶯的鑑別 Paul J Leader 利雅德 Geoff J Carey 賈知行 322 Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 部分香港陸鳥數量的下降 : Geoff Welch John Allcock 柯祖毅 Richard Lewthwaite 340 Diving as an escape strategy by Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 磯鷸 Actitis hypoleucos 以潛水作逃脫追捕的策略 David J Stanton 359 Guidelines for the Submission of Records 呈交鳥類紀錄指引 362 Notes for applications to visit Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve 申請進入米埔自然護理區 364 Hong Kong Map 香港地圖 370

13 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates List of Plates 圖片目錄 Front Cover 封面 Japanese Night Heron Gorsachius goisagi 栗鳽 Pak Tam Au, 15 th December 2014 北潭凹 2014 年 12 月 15 日 Chung Yun Tak 鍾潤德 Plate 1 Greylag Goose Anser anser 灰雁 MPNR, 21 st December 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 12 月 21 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 34 Plate 2 Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus 大天鵝 Sai Kung, 26 th January 2014 西貢 2014 年 1 月 26 日 Toby Leung 梁啟揚 35 Plate 3 Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata 鴛鴦 Penfold Park, 10 th December 2014 彭福公園 2014 年 12 月 10 日 Olivia To 杜珮煒 36 Plate 4 Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 琵嘴鴨 MPNR, 6 th November 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 11 月 6 日 Andy Li 李偉仁 40 Plate 5 Eurasian Teal Anas crecca 綠翅鴨 Long Valley, 11 th December 2014 塱原 2014 年 12 月 11 日 Yip Wai Hung 葉偉雄 42 Plate 6 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca 白眼潛鴨 Mai Po access road, 23 rd Auguat 2014 米埔担竿洲路 2014 年 8 月 23 日 Chan Siu Yuen 陳兆源 44 Plate 7 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 白琵鷺 MPNR, 15 th April 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 4 月 15 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 50 Plate 8 Japanese Night Heron Gorsachius goisagi 栗鳽 Pak Tam Au, 15 th December 2014 北潭凹 2014 年 12 月 15 日 Chung Yun Tak 鍾潤德 54 Plate 9 Pacific Reef Heron Egretta sacra 岩鷺 Po Toi Island, 21 st September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 9 月 21 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄

14 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 10 Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes 黑冠鵑隼 Hang Tau, 14 th July 2014 坑頭 2014 年 7 月 14 日 John and Jemi Holmes 孔思義及黃亞萍 64 Plate 11 Bonelli s Eagle Aquila fasciatus 白腹隼鵰 MPNR, 14 th October 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 10 月 14 日 Andy Li 李偉仁 67 Plate 12 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus 鳳頭鷹 Aberdeen CP, 5 th February 2014 香港仔郊野公園 2014 年 2 月 5 日 Herman Ip 葉紀江 68 Plate 13 Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca 紅胸田雞 Long Valley, 14 th December 2014 塱原 2014 年 12 月 14 日 K C Kong 江覺忠 75 Plate 14 White-browed Crake Porzana cinerea 白眉田雞 Long Valley, 27 th September 2014 塱原 2014 年 9 月 27 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 76 Plate 15 Barred Button-quail Turnix suscitator 棕三趾鶉 Prince Edward, 11 th October 2014 太子 2014 年 10 月 11 日 Chu Wai Ming 朱偉明 79 Plate 16 Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 灰斑鴴 Mai Po boardwalk, 14 th October 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 10 月 14 日 Andy Li 李偉仁 83 Plate 17 Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus 長嘴鴴 Kam Sheung Road, 8 th February 2014 錦上路 2014 年 2 月 8 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 84 Plate 18 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 金眶鴴 MPNR, 17 th March 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 3 月 17 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 85 Plate 19 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata 白腰杓鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 16 th March 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 3 月 16 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 95 Plate 20 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 青腳鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 5 th October 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 10 月 5 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華

15 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 21 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 白腰草鷸 Long Valley, 10 th December 2014 塱原 2014 年 12 月 10 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 100 Plate 22 Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus 翹嘴鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 4 th May 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 5 月 4 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 102 Plate 23 Red Knot Calidris canutus 紅腹濱鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 6 th September 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 9 月 6 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 105 Plate 24 Sanderling Calidris alba 三趾濱鷸 Deep Bay, 7 th May 2014 后海灣 2014 年 5 月 7 日 Martin Hale 夏敖天 106 Plate 25 Temminck s Stint Calidris temminckii 青腳濱鷸 Long Valley, 23 rd November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 23 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 108 Plate 26 Dunlin Calidris alpina 黑腹濱鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 26 th April 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 4 月 26 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 111 Plate 27 Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus 闊嘴鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 4 th May 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 5 月 4 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 113 Plate 28 Heuglin s Gull Larus fuscus 烏灰銀鷗 Mai Po boardwalk, 6 th March 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 3 月 6 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 120 Plate 29 Heuglin s Gull Larus fuscus 烏灰銀鷗 Mai Po boardwalk, 16 th May 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 5 月 16 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 121 Plate 30 Barred Cuckoo Dove Macropygia unchall 斑尾鵑鳩 KFBG, 22 nd January 2014 嘉道理農場暨植物園 2014 年 1 月 22 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 130 Plate 31 Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus 東方中杜鵑 MPNR, 9 th September 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 9 月 9 日 Tam Sik Pan 譚錫朋

16 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 32 Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris 短嘴金絲燕 Po Toi Island, 14 th September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 9 月 14 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 139 Plate 33 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 白胸翡翠 HK Wetland Park, 7 th June 2014 香港濕地公園 2014 年 9 月 14 日 Arshad Kanzada 142 Plate 34 Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus 斑姬啄木鳥 Tai Po Kau, 19 th April 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 4 月 19 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 146 Plate 35 Bay Woodpecker Blythipicus pyrrhotis 黃嘴栗啄木鳥 Tai Po Kau, 29 th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 29 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 147 Plate 36 Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo 燕隼 MPNR, 17 th September 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 9 月 17 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 150 Plate 37 Grey-chinned Minivet male Pericrocotus solaris 灰喉山椒鳥雄鳥 Tai Po Kau, 3 rd May 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 5 月 3 日 Jason Pun 潘士強 154 Plate 38 Grey-chinned Minivet female Pericrocotus solaris 灰喉山椒鳥雌鳥 Tai Po Kau, 3 rd May 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 5 月 3 日 Jason Pun 潘士強 155 Plate 39 Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis 黑枕黃鸝 Po Toi Island, 10 th May 2014 蒲台 2014 年 5 月 10 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 158 Plate 40 Daurian Jackdaw Coloeus dauuricus 達烏里寒鴉 Penfold Park, 10 th December 2014 彭福公園 2014 年 12 月 10 日 Olivia To 杜珮煒 164 Plate 41 Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla 大短趾百靈 Long Valley, 15 th October 2014 塱原 2014 年 10 月 15 日 Lo Chun Fai 勞浚暉 169 Plate 42 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita 嘰喳柳鶯 Long Valley, 7 th January 2014 塱原 2014 年 1 月 7 日 Martin Hale 夏敖天

17 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 43 Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus 黃眉柳鶯 Shek Kong Airfield Road, 4 th December 2014 石崗機場路 2014 年 12 月 4 日 John and Jemi Holmes 孔思義及黃亞萍 180 Plate 44 Pale-legged or Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes/ borealoides 淡腳柳鶯 / 庫頁島柳鶯 Po Toi Island, 28 th September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 9 月 28 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 182 Plate 45 Goodson s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus goodsoni 古氏 [ 冠紋 ] 柳鶯 Tai Po Kau, 29 th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 29 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 185 Plate 46 White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 16th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 16 日 Aaron Lo 羅瑞華 186 Plate 47 Blyth s Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum 布氏葦鶯 Sha Tin Park, 2 nd February 2014 沙田中央公園 2014 年 2 月 2 日 Wallace Tse 謝鑑超 190 Plate 48 Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush Garrulax pectoralis 黑領噪鶥 Shek Kip Mei, 22 nd December 2014 石硤尾 2014 年 12 月 22 日 Peter Ho 何文顯 197 Plate 49 Chestnut-collared Yuhina Yuhina castaniceps 栗耳鳳鶥 KFBG, 18 th March 2014 嘉道理農場暨植物園 2014 年 3 月 18 日 Godwin Chan 陳錫能 200 Plate 50 Chestnut-flanked White-eye Zosterops erythropleurus 紅脇繡眼鳥 Tai Po Kau, 31 st January 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 1 月 31 日 Sam Chan 陳迪琛 201 Plate 51 Red-billed Starling Spodiopsar sericeus 絲光椋鳥 Long Valley, 17 th November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 17 日 Yip Wai Hung 葉偉雄 203 Plate 52 Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus 斑鶇 Long Valley, 22 nd November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 22 日 Jason Pun 潘士強

18 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 53 Chinese Thrush Turdus mupinensis 寶興歌鶇 Victoria Peak Garden, 22 nd January 2014 山頂公園 2014 年 1 月 22 日 Martin Hale 夏敖天 213 Plate 54 Grey-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta 灰紋鶲 Po Toi Island, 6 th May 2014 蒲台 2014 年 5 月 6 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 214 Plate 55 Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa latirostris 北灰鶲 Po Toi Island, 9 th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 9 日 Vivian Cheung 張香妹 216 Plate 56 Lesser Shortwing Brachypteryx leucophris 白喉短翅鶇 Tai Po Kau, 13 th April 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 4 月 13 日 Y W Fong 房遠榮 220 Plate 57 Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus 灰背燕尾 Tai Po Kau, 3 rd May 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 5 月 3 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 224 Plate 58 Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus 北紅尾鴝 Po Toi Island, 8 th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 8 日 Jason Pun 潘士強 227 Plate 59 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 家麻雀 Long Valley, 3 rd November 2012 塱原 2012 年 11 月 3 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 232 Plate 60 Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans 樹麻雀 Long Valley, 29 th October 2014 塱原 2014 年 10 月 29 日 K C Kong 江覺忠 232 Plate 61 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata 白腰文鳥 Long Valley, 10 th November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 10 日 Yip Wai Hung 葉偉雄 234 Plate 62 Richard s Pipit Anthus richardi 理氏鷚 Long Valley, 2 nd February 2014 塱原 2014 年 2 月 2 日 Jason Pun 潘士強 239 Plate 63 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni 樹鷚 Lions NEC, 17 th January 2014 獅子會自然教育中心 2014 年 1 月 17 日 Ken Tsang 曾兆威

19 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 64 Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala 灰頭鵐 Po Toi Island, 9 th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 9 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 253 Plate 65 Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 白頂玄鷗 Po Toi Island, 17 th May 2006 蒲台 2006 年 05 月 17 日 Geoff Welch 291 Plate 66 Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber 黑眉擬啄木鳥 Tai Po Kau, 19 th March 2015 大埔滘 2015 年 03 月 19 日 Ivan W.L. Tse 謝偉麟 296 Plate 67 a-c Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber 黑眉擬啄木鳥 Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, January 2015 廣州中山大學 2015 年 01 月 Liu Yang 劉陽 297 Plate 68 Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans 鴉嘴卷尾 Po Toi Island 7 th and 14 th September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 09 月 07 日及 2014 年 09 月 14 日 Wing Yiu Yam 任永耀 303 Plate 69 Asian Short-toed Lark Alaudala cheleensis 亞洲短趾百靈 Lok Ma Chau WMA, 20 th November 2015 落馬洲 2015 年 11 月 20 日 Paul J Leader 利雅德 307 Plate 70 White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura 白尾藍地鴝 Cheung Chau, 14 th February 2014 長洲 2014 年 2 月 14 日 Martin Williams 312 Plate 71 Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos 白頭鵐 Long Valley, 12 th November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 12 日 Stanley Hui Chi Man 許志文 315 Plate 72 Swinhoe s Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus male 白臉鴴雄鳥 Hong Kong, 2015 香港,2015 年 Martin Hale 318 Plate 73 Swinhoe s Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus female with chick 白臉鴴雌鳥和雛鳥 Hong Kong, 2015 香港,2015 年 Martin Hale

20 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 74 Grey-crowned Warbler Seicercus tephrocephalus 灰冠鶲鶯 KARC, 14 th November 1993 嘉道理農業研究所 1993 年 11 月 14 日 Paul J. Leader 利雅德 329 Plate 75 Grey-crowned Warbler Seicercus tephrocephalus 灰冠鶲鶯 KARC 14 th November 1993 嘉道理農業研究所 1993 年 11 月 14 日 Paul J. Leader 利雅德 329 Plate 76 Bianchi s Warbler Seicercus valentini 比氏鶲鶯 Po Toi Island, 19 th November 2009 蒲台 2009 年 11 月 19 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 330 Plate 77 Bianchi s Warbler Seicercus valentini 比氏鶲鶯 Po Toi Island, 13 th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 13 日 Koel Ko 高偉琛 330 Plate 78 Bianchi s Warbler Seicercus valentini 比氏鶲鶯 Po Toi Island, 29 th November 2009 蒲台 2009 年 11 月 29 日 Bill Man 文權溢 330 Plate 79 Alström s Warbler Seicercus soror 純色尾鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 30 th September 2012 大埔滘 2012 年 9 月 30 日 Wallace Tse 謝鑑超 331 Plate 80 Alström s Warbler Seicercus soror 純色尾鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 9 th October 2004 大埔滘 2004 年 10 月 9 日 Peter & Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 331 Plate 81 Alström s Warbler Seicercus soror 純色尾鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 30 th September 2012 大埔滘 2012 年 9 月 30 日 Peter & Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 331 Plate 82 Martens s Warbler Seicercus omeiensis 峨嵋鶲鶯 Pak Sha O, 14 th January 2014 白沙澳 2014 年 1 月 14 日 Mei Ling Tang 鄧美玲 332 Plate 83 Martens s Warbler Seicercus omeiensis 峨嵋鶲鶯 Pak Sha O, 14 th January 2014 白沙澳 2014 年 1 月 14 日 Mei Ling Tang 鄧美玲 332 Plate 84 White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 16 th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 16 日 Aaron Lo 羅瑞華

21 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: List of Plates Plate 85 White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Aberdeen CP, 4 th February 2014 香港仔郊野公園 2014 年 2 月 4 日 Wallace Tse 謝鑑超 333 Plate 86 White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Aberdeen CP, 25 th January 2014 香港仔郊野公園 2014 年 1 月 25 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華

22 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Records Committee Report Records Committee Report Geoff J Carey Records Committee Chairman The Records Committee met four times during 2014, and 132 Unusual Record Forms were processed for inclusion in this Report. In total, 413 Category I and II species were recorded during the year, almost certainly the highest count ever, although taxonomic changes over time make it problematic to make a direct comparison. The increase in this figure in recent years is probably due to increased observer activity, and should not be taken as an indication of improved environmental conditions for birds without other evidence. New additions to the HK List made during 2014 were as follows Additions to Category I Brown Noddy Anous stolidus A juvenile off Po Toi on 17 May Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber One at Tai Po Kau on 31 December Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans A first-winter on Po Toi from 7 to 18 September Asian Short-toed Lark Alaudala cheleensis One at Lok Ma Chau Wetland Mitigation Area on 20 November Black-throated Tit Aegithalos concinnus This species was transferred to Category I based on a record of three birds on Po Toi in the winter of White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura A female on Cheung Chau from 14 to 22 February Acceptance of this record as Category I was followed by a review of all previous records of White-tailed Robin and the acceptance of another four, a male at Tai Po Kau on 23 January 1993, a male at Tai Po Kau on 11 January to 10 February 2004, a male at TPK Headland on 17 December 2011 and a female at Shing Mun on 26 to 31 December 2012, into Category I. House Sparrow Passer domesticus One male and two females at Long Valley from 3 to 6 November

23 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Records Committee Report Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans This species was transferred to Category I following the acceptance of several records as Category I in It should be noted that individuals of this species showing signs of previous captivity have been recorded in HK, and may well be again in the future. Observers are encouraged to note the condition of birds of this species, and if possible take photographs in order that records are correctly assigned to Category. Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos A female at Long Valley from 11 to 19 November Acceptance of this record as Category I was followed by a review of all previous records of Pine Bunting and the acceptance of a male at Tai Mo Shan on 25 December 2005 into Category I. This species has also occurred previously in an apparently ex-captive condition. Additions to Category III Indochinese Green Magpie Cissa hypoleuca One at Bride s Pool on 26 February Snowy-browed Flycatcher Ficedula hyperythra A male at Mount Davis on 17 November 2014 and another at Lau Shui Heung on 28 November

24 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Records Committee Report 賈知行 紀錄委員會主席 紀錄委員會報告 紀錄委員會於 2014 年間舉行了四次會議及審閱了 132 份罕見紀錄報告, 當中的討論結果已收錄在此觀鳥報告中 此年我們共記錄了 413 種第 I 及 II 類雀鳥, 幾可肯定是新高紀錄 ; 唯分類上的更改令這個數字難以直接比較 而這個數字的增加很大原因是觀鳥活動的增加, 而絕非由於環境的改善所引致 2014 年新加鳥種如下新增至第 I 類白頂玄鷗 Anous stolidus 2006 年 5 月 17 日於蒲台有一隻幼鳥 黑眉擬啄木鳥 Psilopogon faber 2014 年 12 月 31 日於大埔滘 鴉嘴卷尾 Dicrurus annectans 2014 年 9 月 7 至 18 日於蒲台有一隻首次越冬鳥 亞洲短趾百靈 Alaudala cheleensis 2014 年 11 月 20 日有一隻於落馬洲補償濕地 紅頭長尾山雀 Aegithalos concinnus 基於 2012 至 2013 年於蒲台的三個度冬紀錄, 此鳥種已轉為第 I 類別 白尾藍地鴝 Myiomela leucura 2014 年 2 月 14 至 22 日有一隻雌鳥於長洲 翻閱過往舊紀錄後接納了此項及其餘四項為第 I 類別, 包括 1993 年 1 月 23 日於大埔滘的一隻雄鳥 2004 年 1 月 11 至 2 月 10 日於大埔滘的一隻雄鳥 2011 年 11 月 17 日於大埔滘岬角的一隻雄鳥及 2012 年 12 月 26 至 31 日於城門的一隻雌鳥 家麻雀 Passer domesticus 2012 年 11 月 3 至 6 日於塱原有一隻雄鳥及兩隻雌鳥

25 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Records Committee Report 山麻雀 Passer rutilans 接納了幾個紀錄後此紀錄亦被接納為第 I 類 須留意帶有圈養傷痕的個體曾在香港紀錄, 並有機會再次出現 當有發現此鳥種時觀鳥者須留意有否此特徵或拍下照片, 以便將紀錄歸類 白頭鵐 Emberiza leucocephalos 2014 年 11 月 11 至 19 日於塱原有一隻雌鳥 翻閱過往紀錄後接納 2005 年 12 月 25 日大帽山的雄性個體為首項紀錄, 並將此紀錄接納為第 I 類 此鳥種亦曾有帶圈養傷痕個體的紀錄 新加至第 III 類印支綠鵲 Cissa hypoleuca 2014 年 2 月 26 日一隻於新娘潭棕胸藍姬鶲 Ficedula hyperythra 2014 年 11 月 17 日於魔星嶺有一隻雄鳥及 2014 年 11 月 28 日一隻於流水響

26 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 Geoff Welch Annual Summary 2014 The Systematic List takes precedence over the Annual Summary in the event of any discrepancies was a truly exceptional year. By the end of the year, a total of 413 species had been recorded, easily the highest number in any year in Hong Kong, even given the changes due to taxonomy, and well in excess of the previous highest total of 403 in Three new species had been added to the Hong Kong List, Crow-billed Drongo in September, Asian Short-toed Lark in November and Chinese Barbet in December, and two species had been transferred to Category I of the List as a result of records in 2014, White-tailed Robin in February and Pine Bunting in November. In addition, there were records of species which had not been seen in Hong Kong for many years, Whooper Swan in January, Northern Hawk Cuckoo, Brahminy Kite and Whitebrowed Crake in September and the species of the year for many who saw it, Japanese Night Heron in December. On the negative side, 2014 was the first year that there were no records of Common Shelduck, a species in steep decline in Hong Kong. Winter 2014 (January to February) January and February were dry and sunny with winds mostly from the north. The first really cold spell came in early February with a cold front on 8 th and average temperatures below 10 C from 10 th to 15 th, after which warmer weather continued into March. January was an exceptionally good month for long-staying rarities. Birds staying from December 2013 included the Martens s Warbler at Pak Sha O, the male and female Chestnut-bellied and the male White-throated Rock Thrush at KFBG, joined there from 1 st to 18 th by a Barred Cuckoo Dove. Other popular long-staying birds were a Common Chiffchaff at Long Valley from 1 st January to 10 th February, a Long-billed Plover near Kam Sheung Road station from 9 th January to 23 rd February, a confiding Blyth s Reed Warbler at Sha Tin Park from 17 th January to 2 nd February, a Chinese Thrush at Victoria Park Gardens from 17 th January to 1 st February and an adult male Rosy Starling at San Tin from 25 th January to 17 th March. Less cooperative was a juvenile Whooper Swan, seen briefly and fortunately photographed flying past Sai Kung Pier on 26 th January but not found again despite many searches of the area. The peak aggregate total of waterbirds in the whole Deep Bay area for the winter was only 51,573, 16% below the same count in winter and a further fall from the average of 88,000 in the three winters from to Almost all duck species had low counts, in particular Eurasian Wigeon, Northern Shoveler, Northern Pintail and Eurasian Teal, while Tufted Duck also showed a decline on recent high peak counts. No Common Shelduck were recorded all year, but three Ruddy Shelduck were in Deep Bay from 2 nd to 4 th January, Common Pochard had a new highest count of 22 in the January WC and a female Ferruginous Duck was in the Mai Po area from

27 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary th to 25 th January. The shorebird peak aggregate showed a 6% decline on to 21,947 with low winter counts of Black-winged Stilt and Marsh Sandpiper. Seicercus warblers featured in January and February with the Martens s Warbler at Pak Sha O in December 2013 still there on 15 th January and others at Sha Lo Tung on 18 th January, Ng Tung Chai on 15 th February and on Cheung Chau from 18 th to 21 st February, and a White-spectacled Warbler at Aberdeen CP from 25 th January to 4 th February. Another Barred Cuckoo Dove was at Tai Po Kau from 1 st to 9 th February with a Chestnut-crowned Warbler also there on 1 st February. A large flock of Common Rosefinch at Airfield Road from 26 th January recorded a peak count of 31 on 13 th February, the highest Hong Kong count since Significant records on 14 th February included an adult male Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher at Ng Tung Chai, the first February record of Eastern Crowned Warbler at MPNR and a female Whitetailed Robin at Cheung Chau which stayed until 22 nd February and was accepted as the first Category I record for Hong Kong. The month finished with two Red-breasted Mergansers at Starling Inlet from 23 rd February to 2 nd March. Spring 2014 (March to May) March was gloomy and wet, with cold fronts on 2 nd, 13 th and 21 st, April was dry and sunny with only one cold front, on 26 th, and May started with a long-lasting depression creating wet and gloomy weather for the first nine days and southerly winds from 10 th to month end causing temperatures well above average. This weather pattern, with no cold fronts from 21 st March to 26 th April, made for a rather dull spring with wintering species leaving early and a poor spring passage for most species. March was very quiet. Gulls were a feature at the Mai Po boardwalk in early March with adult Brown-headed and Pallas s present as well as two Mew Gulls together with the more regular Caspian and Slaty-backed and a near record count of 787 Heuglin s on 7 th March. A high count of 200 Black-tailed Gulls was also made off south Lantau on 8 th March. Mrs. Gould s Sunbirds were present at KFBG, Tai Po Kau and Chai Wan with a high count of three at KFBG from 21 st to 27 th March. A single Silverbacked Needletail at Sandy Ridge on 19 th March was the only definite record of either needletail species in 2014 and a single Ferruginous Flycatcher at Tai Po Kau on 28 th March was one of only two records in spring, the other being on Po Toi on 5 th April. Spring wader passage was rather poor with an aggregate WC count of only 12,580. Individual species which recorded high peak counts were Grey Plover, with a record 840 in the March WC, and Black-tailed Godwit with 1,750 on 18 th April. Low counts came from Spotted Redshank, a species in steep decline, Great Knot and Sanderling although most species were generally low. The peak count for Nordmann s Greenshank was just five and only one Spoon-billed Sandpiper was recorded all spring. However, five Little Curlew from the Mai Po boardwalk on 5 th April was a high number and 192 Asian Dowitcher on 2 nd May and 239 Grey-tailed Tattler on 16 th May were both good counts. April HKBWS seabird cruises are now an established feature of the HK birding year and the two in 2014 were very successful. On 12 th April, a Black-legged Kittiwake, two

28 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 Ancient Murrelet and 435 Red-necked Phalaropes were seen, and on 26 th April, three Streaked Shearwaters, one Short-tailed Shearwater, four Pomarine Skuas, six Parasitic and four Long-tailed Jaegers and four Ancient Murrelet with 117 Aleutian Terns and several other tern species. Interesting land bird records in April included a male Yellow-throated Bunting on Po Toi on 12 th and a female Yellow-rumped Flycatcher at MPNR car park on 13 th. May was most noticeable for the large number of very late or latest ever spring records, for Ruddy-breasted Crake, Fairy Pitta, Japanese Paradise Flycatcher, Palelegged Leaf Warbler, Chestnut-cheeked Starling, Siberian Rubythroat, Narcissus Flycatcher, Forest Wagtail and Common Rosefinch, all between 4 th and 10 th May, and Chestnut Bunting and Pallas s Grasshopper Warbler, both on 28 th May. Record counts of 95 Brown Shrike occurred on Po Toi on 10 th May and 168 Collared Crow at MPNR on 21 st May. Other records of interest were a male Cotton Pygmy Goose photographed from the Po Toi Ferry as it approached Aberdeen Harbour on 10 th May, a Pectoral Sandpiper at MPNR on 21 st May and a Daurian Jackdaw at Penfold Park from 23 rd to 31 st May, also a latest spring record. Summer 2014 (June to August) All three summer months were exceptionally hot with record average temperatures in June and July. Only one tropical storm raised the T3 signal, ST Rammasun on 17 th and 18 th July and winds were consistently from the southwest from mid-june until late August was the most successful year for egret nest counts since The total number counted by the Egret Group was 960, 16% above the average for the previous ten years and 27% above the 2013 count. The two most abundant species, Little Egret and Chinese Pond Heron, increased to 361 and 346 nests respectively, Great Egret had a typical count of 115 nests, Black-crowned Night Heron continued its recent recovery with 122 nests. The least abundant species, Eastern Cattle Egret, declined to 18 nests. Mai Po Village remained the main location with 202 nests with Tai Po Market next at 125 nests. By contrast, the peak counts of terns in the breeding season Population Survey was 14% below Numbers of Bridled Tern were constant at 577 whereas Black-naped and Roseate fell to 260 and 139 respectively, 30% and 15% below their previous four-year average since increased counting started in southeast waters in Summer saw the first recorded breeding of Kentish Plover ssp. dealbatus (Swinhoe s or White-faced Plover) with three chicks fledged in the NT. Other confirmed breeding records included Purple Heron at MPNR, successful for the second successive year, and Brown-breasted Flycatcher again successful at Tai Po Kau after missing a year. Juveniles were seen of Orange-headed Thrush, Chestnut-collared Yuhina and Greycapped Greenfinch with July records of Cinnamon Bittern, Watercock, Hodgson s Hawk Cuckoo, Lesser Cuckoo, Speckled Piculet and Bay Woodpecker

29 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 Other interesting records were a first summer Heuglin s Gull over-summering at the Mai Po boardwalk, the first ever such record, up to two immature Lesser Frigatebirds in the Sai Kung area in June and July, another new highest count of 173 Collared Crow at MPNR on 9 th July, a family party of five Black Baza near Sheung Shui from 12 th to 15 th July and a regular roost of Barn Swallow at the Sai Kung Waterfront peaking at over 1,000 birds on 26 th July. Earliest autumn records were a Grey Wagtail at Ng Tung Chai on 11 th July, two Himalayan Swiftlets at Palm Springs on 1 st August and two Stejneger s Stonechats at Tai Mo Shan on 17 th August. But most unexpected were a male Ferruginous Duck at the Mai Po access road from 18 th to 27 th August and a Greylag Goose on the Reserve on 23 rd August. Neither showed any signs of captivity and both were accepted as wild. Autumn 2014 (September to November) The exceptionally hot weather in summer continued throughout autumn with September being the hottest on record and October and November temperatures well above average. Typhoon Kalmaegi passed to the southwest of Hong Kong on 15 th September, causing the T8 signal to be raised overnight, and further tropical storms passing to the east of Hong Kong caused northerly winds from 20 th to 24 th September and from 9 th to 14 th October. Cold fronts passed through on 2 nd and 25 th November. September was an exceptional month for rarities. 950 White-shouldered Starling going to roost at MPNR on 2 nd was a record count by a factor of eight and a Baikal Bush Warbler trapped at MPNR on 5 th was an earliest autumn record. The first rarity of the month was a Crow-billed Drongo, a first record for HK, found on Po Toi on 7 th September and staying to 18 th although not always easy to find. This was followed by a Northern Hawk Cuckoo at Ma On Shan CP on 9 th, the first since Single Fairy Pittas were photographed in a Wanchai school on 12 th and on Po Toi on 13 th September with a Brown-breasted Flycatcher at Tai Mo Shan on 15 th. 250 Whiskered Tern at San Tin on 17 th September was a record count and a Bay Woodpecker found in the ringing net at MPNR on 18 th was totally unexpected. The next rarity of September came on 19 th when a juvenile Brahminy Kite was photographed at MPNR and identified from postings on the website. Brown-chested Jungle Flycatchers were present at Ho Man Tin on 26 th and Po Toi on 30 th, and Sulphur-breasted Warblers were at Ng Tung Chai on 27 th and Shing Mun on 29 th. The final rarity of September was a White-browed Crake, found at Long Valley on 27 th and staying until 4 th October, the first record since October was rather quiet following this excitement. A Carrion Crow was at Long Valley on 4 th, the first since 2007, a Pallas s Reed Bunting was trapped at MPNR on 7 th and a Barred Button-quail was found outside the Metropark Hotel in Mongkok on 10 th, having struck a window. This bird recovered overnight and was successfully released the next day. Two Russet Sparrows were at Long Valley from 14 th to 28 th October, with a Greater Short-toed Lark also there on 15 th, just the third Hong Kong record. Another Sulphur-breasted Warbler was at Tai Po Kau on 21 st and a Yellowstreaked Warbler was trapped at MPNR on 27 th

30 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 November was an excellent month, with buntings taking the lead, a total of 16 species seen during the month at various locations around Hong Kong. Long Valley was the primary location with 12 species including a new first record for Hong Kong, a female Pine Bunting from 12 th to 19 th November. Other species were single Crested and Yellow-browed, four Rustic, 120 Yellow-breasted on 10 th November, the highest count since 2002, single Black-headed, Japanese Yellow and an adult male Pallas s Reed Bunting as well as several Chestnut-eared, Little, Chestnut and Black-faced. Up to five Tristram s Buntings at various other locations during the month with single Yellow-throated on Po Toi and at Wetland Park, and Pallas s, Japanese and Common Reed Bunting all trapped at MPNR. Nevertheless, in spite of this variety, numbers of commoner bunting species such as Chestnut, Little and Black-faced have declined substantially in Hong Kong since the 1990s. Long Valley provided a Red-backed Shrike on 2 nd November, MPNR had 55 Amur Falcons in a single flock on 4 th, 150 Dusky Warblers on 5 th and a Chestnut-cheeked Starling on 20 th, LMC had a juvenile Rosy Starling on 3 rd, a female Smew from 17 th and the second Hong Kong first record of November with an Asian Short-toed Lark on 20 th. Elsewhere a Bianchi s Warbler was on Po Toi on 13 th November, a Whitespectacled Warbler was at Tai Po Kau from 20 th November to year end, a Water Pipit was at Sha Po on 20 th November, the second HK record, 25 Common Starlings were at Tai Sang Wai on 23 rd and a male Amur Falcon flew over Po Toi on 25 th, the latest ever record. Winter 2014 (December) December was cool with several spells of cold northerly winds from 12 th, 17 th and 28 th. December was another high quality month, starting with a juvenile Ferruginous Duck at the Mai Po access road from 1 st and 19 Common Pochard also there on 6 th. 317 Little Grebe in the December WC is the highest count since 1986 for a species showing a continuing increase since the 1990s. A Chestnut-crowned Warbler was at Tai Po Kau on 7 th and an adult male Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher at Lung Fu Shan on 8 th. Penfold Park on 10 th December produced both a male Mandarin Duck and an adult Daurian Jackdaw, the first adult record for Hong Kong and possibly the bird originally seen as a juvenile in the same location in May. Bird of the month and the year was a Japanese Night Heron at Pak Tam Au on 15 th December, the first record for this enigmatic Endangered species since 1988, making it a new record for even the most long-standing birders who were fortunate enough to see it. The bird was reported by a knowledgeable local villager and had been present for at least seven days before. It was easy to see in the open for the two days to 16 th December but had gone by 17 th. The pace quickened from here on to year end with good records on an almost daily basis, starting with another female Smew at MPNR on 17 th, a moribund Short-eared Owl near Sok Kwu Wan, Lamma, on 18 th, 40 Grey-capped Greenfinches at Lai Chi Wo on 19 th, the highest count since 1990 of a species showing recovery in recent years, another Greylag Goose at MPNR on 21 st together with another Short-eared Owl,

31 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 this one fortunately in good condition. A Chestnut-crowned Warbler was at Bride s Pool on 23 rd December and a White-bellied Green Pigeon on Po Toi on 25 th and 26 th December. In the final three days of the year, a female White-tailed Robin was at Pak Sha O from 29 th to year end, a count of 618 Scaly-breasted Munia at Long Valley on 30 th was a new record count and shows the effect of careful habitat management, and on the last day of the year a Chinese Barbet, the third HK First Record for 2014, was seen on the Brown Walk at Tai Po Kau, a fitting end to what had become a record year

32 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 Geoff Welch 2014 全年摘要 若此全年摘要的內容與分類總覽不符, 一律以分類總覽所示為準 2014 年確實是突出的一年, 一共記錄到 413 個鳥種, 雖然因分類學上的改變而新增了紀錄, 但仍輕易以大比數超越 2012 年的最高紀錄 403 種 本年有三個香港首個紀錄鳥種, 包括九月份的鴉嘴卷尾, 十一月份的亞洲短趾百靈, 以及十二月份的黑眉擬啄木鳥 另一方面, 二月錄得的白尾藍地鴝和十一月錄得的白頭鵐兩個鳥種, 亦基於本年的記錄狀況, 而調整至第一類別 此外, 亦有數個多年沒在香港出現的鳥種紀錄, 包括一月份的大天鵝, 及九月份的北鷹鵑 栗鳶和白眉田雞 ; 加上為看到這鳥種的人來說, 必然成為本年最佳鳥種的栗鳽 ( 在十二月錄得 ) 然而, 本年亦是香港首次沒有任何翹鼻麻鴨紀錄的一年, 該鳥種在香港的數量正急劇下降 2014 年冬季 ( 一月至二月 ) 一月及二月乾燥及晴朗, 普遍吹北風 第一個冷鋒在 2 月 8 日出現,2 月 10 至 15 日氣溫下跌至 10 度以下 此後, 和暖的氣溫持續至三月 一月鳥況極佳, 記錄到多個留港時間較長的罕見鳥種 數個鳥種由 2013 年十二月逗留至本年 : 在白沙澳記錄到的峨嵋鶲鶯, 在嘉道理農場記錄到的栗腹磯鶇 ( 雄性和雌性 ) 以及雄性白喉磯鶇, 加上 1 月 1 至 18 日同樣在嘉道理農場記錄到的斑尾鵑鳩 同樣停留了一段長時間的鳥種包括 :1 月 1 日至 2 月 10 日在塱原記錄到的嘰喳柳鶯 ;1 月 9 日至 2 月 23 日在錦上路站附近記錄到的長嘴鴴 ;1 月 17 日至 2 月 2 日在沙田公園記錄到, 毫不躲藏的布氏葦鶯 ; 和 1 月 25 日至 3 月 17 日在新田記錄到的粉紅椋鳥 相對地,1 月 26 日在西貢碼頭記錄到的大天鵝算是一隻不太合作的鳥, 只在短時間內出現, 慶幸能拍到照片作記錄, 此後搜索附近地點皆未能尋獲 年度后海灣水鳥調查冬季最高數字為 51,573 隻, 比 冬季低 16%, 亦較 至 年度冬季平均的 88,000 隻進一步下跌 近乎所有鴨類均錄得低數量, 尤其赤頸鴨 琵嘴鴨 針尾鴨和綠翅鴨, 鳳頭潛鴨數量亦較近年錄得的高數量為低 本年全年均沒有翹鼻麻鴨的紀錄, 但 1 月 2 至 4 日在后海灣錄得三隻赤麻鴨 一月份的水鳥調查中, 在米埔錄得 22 隻紅頭潛鴨, 是香港新高 同樣在米埔, 在 1 月 19 至 25 日亦錄得一隻雌性白眼潛鴨 鴴鷸類最高數字為 21,947 隻, 比 年低 6%, 黑翅長腳鷸和澤鷸數量均比一般冬季低 一月及二月份別錄得數種鶲鶯類, 包括 : 從 2013 年十二月起在白沙澳記錄到的峨嵋鶲鶯, 逗留至 1 月 15 日 ; 另外在 1 月 18 日於沙螺洞,2 月 15 日於梧桐寨及 2 月 18 至 21 日於長洲亦錄得此鳥種 ; 而 1 月 25 日至 2 月 4 日在香港仔郊野公園記錄到一隻白眶鶲鶯 在大埔滘,2 月 1 至 9 日再錄得另一隻斑尾鵑鳩, 同時在 2 月 1 日亦記錄到一隻栗頭鶲鶯 1 月 26 日起在石崗機場路記錄到大群普通朱雀, 在 2 月 13 日更錄得 31 隻, 是自 1980 年的香港新

33 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 高 2 月 14 日有數個重要紀錄 : 在梧桐寨記錄到一隻雄性橙胸姬鶲成鳥 ; 在米埔自然護理區記錄到的冕柳鶯, 是首次在二月份錄得該鳥種 ; 而在長洲記錄到一隻雌性白尾藍地鴝, 並停留至 2 月 22 日, 是該鳥種首個獲接納為第一類別鳥種的紀錄 最後,2 月 23 日在沙頭角海錄得兩隻紅胸秋沙鴨, 並停留至 3 月 2 日 2014 年春季 ( 三月至五月 ) 三月的天氣陰沉潮濕, 在 2 13 和 21 日均有冷鋒抵港 四月天氣乾燥晴朗, 只在 26 日有一次冷鋒 五月初有一段長時間的低氣壓,1 至 9 日均有雨,10 日起至月底則因吹南風而令氣溫較平均為高 以上的天氣狀況, 由 3 月 21 日至 4 月 26 日均沒出現冷鋒, 令這個春季的鳥況甚為沉悶, 冬候鳥皆早早離開, 春季過境的鳥種數量亦不甚理想 三月鳥況平靜 鷗類成為本月份的主角, 在三月初於米埔泥灘錄得一隻棕頭鷗成鳥 一隻漁鷗和兩隻海鷗, 同時亦有較常錄得的蒙古銀鷗和灰背鷗, 以及 3 月 7 日錄得近乎最高紀錄的 787 隻烏灰銀鷗, 而 3 月 8 日在大嶼山南面海域錄得高數量的 200 隻黑尾鷗 在嘉道理農場 大埔滘和柴灣均記錄到藍喉太陽鳥, 其中 3 月 21 至 27 日在嘉道理農場更記錄到三隻的高數量 3 月 19 日在沙嶺記錄到一隻灰喉針尾雨燕, 是本年唯一的針尾雨燕紀錄 本年春季只有兩個棕尾褐鶲紀錄, 一隻在 3 月 28 日於大埔滘錄得, 另一隻則在 4 月 5 日於蒲台錄得 春季過境鴴鷸類鳥況甚差, 水鳥調查最高數量只得 12,580 隻 三月份后海灣水鳥調查記錄到 840 隻灰斑鴴, 以及 4 月 18 日記錄到的 1,750 隻黑尾塍鷸均為新最高紀錄 其餘大部分鳥種數量都偏低, 尤其是大濱鷸 三趾濱鷸和數量急劇下降的鶴鷸 小青腳鷸的最高數量只有五隻, 而整個春季更只錄得一隻勺嘴鷸 然而, 亦有數個物種錄得高數量, 包括 :4 月 5 日在米埔泥灘錄得的五隻小杓鷸 ;5 月 2 日的 192 隻半蹼鷸和 5 月 16 日的 239 隻灰尾漂鷸 香港觀鳥會每年四月份的香港南面海域觀鳥活動已成為每年的觀鳥盛事, 而本年的兩次亦非常成功 4 月 12 日錄得一隻三趾鷗 兩隻扁嘴海雀和 435 隻紅頸瓣蹼鷸 ; 而 4 月 26 日更錄得三隻白額鸌 一隻短尾鸌 四隻中賊鷗 六隻短尾賊鷗 四隻長尾賊鷗 四隻扁嘴海雀 117 隻白腰燕鷗及其他數種燕鷗 四月份的特別林鳥紀錄有 12 日在蒲台錄得的黃喉鵐和 13 日在米埔停車場錄得的雌性白眉姬鶲 五月有多個遲來的春季紀錄或最遲的春季紀錄, 包括 5 月 4 至 10 日記錄的紅胸田雞 仙八色鶇 紫綬帶 淡腳柳鶯 栗頰椋鳥 紅喉歌鴝 黃眉姬鶲 林鶺鴒和普通朱雀, 加上 5 月 28 日記錄到的栗鵐和小蝗鶯 5 月 10 日在蒲台記錄到 95 隻紅尾伯勞和 5 月 21 日在米埔自然護理區記錄到 168 隻白頸鴉, 均是新高紀錄 其他紀錄包括 5 月 10 日在蒲台渡輪前往香港仔碼頭時被拍攝到的一隻雄性棉鳧 ;21 日在米埔自然護理區記錄到的斑胸濱鷸 ; 以及 23 至 31 日在彭福公園記錄到一隻春季最遲紀錄的達烏里寒鴉 2014 年夏季 ( 六至八月 ) 夏季的三個月也異常炎熱, 六月和七月的氣溫也高於過往的平均值 7 月 17 至 18 日颱風威馬遜是夏季唯一的三號强風熱帶氣旋 六月中至八月底均吹西南風

34 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 年的鷺鳥繁殖數目調查是自 2006 年以來最成功的, 鷺鳥研究組共錄得 960 個鷺鳥巢, 比過去十年的平均數多 16%, 亦比 2013 年增加 27% 小白鷺和池鷺是數量最多的兩個物種, 分別上升至 361 和 346 巢 大白鷺的數量維持在正常的 115 巢, 而夜鷺巢的數量仍保持近年的上升趨勢, 共錄得 122 巢 數量最少的牛背鷺下跌至只得 18 巢 米埔村的鷺鳥林仍是數量最多的地點, 共有 202 個巢 ; 第二大的鷺鳥林是大埔墟, 共有 125 個巢 相反, 燕鷗繁殖數目調查中所錄得的最高數字, 則比 2013 年下跌 14% 褐翅燕鷗數量維持在 577 隻, 黑枕燕鷗和粉紅燕鷗的數量下跌至 260 及 139 隻, 分別比過去四年在東南水域增加調查後的平均數減少 30% 及 15% 本年夏季首次記錄到環頸鴴 dealbatus 亞種 (Swinhoe's 或 White-faced Plover) 繁殖, 在新界記錄到三隻幼鳥 其他的繁殖紀錄包括在米埔自然護理區連續第二年成功繁殖的草鷺和相隔一年後再次在大埔滘成功繁殖的褐胸鶲 另外亦記錄到橙頭地鶇 栗耳鳳鶥和金翅雀的幼鳥 七月份則錄得栗葦鳽 董雞 霍氏鷹鵑 小杜鵑 斑姬啄木鳥和黃嘴栗啄木鳥 其他特別紀錄包括 : 一隻在米埔泥灘第一次越夏的烏灰銀鷗, 是此鳥種首個在香港越夏的紀錄 ; 六月及七月在西頁區錄得最少兩隻白斑軍艦鳥幼鳥 ;7 月 9 日在米埔自然護理區再錄得紀錄新高的 173 隻白頸鴉 ;7 月 12 至 15 日在上水附近記錄到一家五隻的黑冠鵑隼 ; 以及穩定在西貢海濱夜棲的家燕群, 在 7 月 26 日記錄到 1000 隻 數個最早的秋季紀錄包括 7 月 11 日在梧桐寨的灰鶺鴒 ;8 月 1 日在加洲花園的兩隻短嘴金絲燕, 以及 8 月 17 日在大帽山錄得的兩隻黑喉石 最出乎意料的是 8 月 18 至 27 日在米埔担竿洲路記錄到的雄性白眼潛鴨, 以及同月 23 日在米埔自然護理區錄得的灰雁, 兩隻鳥均沒有顯示是逃逸個體的跡象, 因而獲接納為野生個體紀錄 2014 年秋季 ( 九月至十一月 ) 夏季異常炎熱的天氣持續至秋季, 九月的氣溫是有紀錄以來最高, 十月和十一月的氣溫亦比平均值高 9 月 15 日颱風海鷗橫過香港西南面, 八號烈風或暴風信號整夜懸掛 9 月 20 至 24 日及 10 月 9 至 14 日亦有熱帶氣旋在香港以東略過, 帶來北風 而 11 月 2 日和 25 日分別有一道冷鋒到港 九月有很多個罕見雀鳥紀錄 在米埔自然護理區,9 月 2 日有 950 隻灰背椋鳥棲息, 是以往最高紀錄數量的八倍 ;9 月 5 日環誌的北短翅鶯是最早的秋季紀錄 本月第一個罕見雀鳥紀錄是香港第一次錄得的鴉嘴卷尾, 在 9 月 7 日於蒲台錄得, 雖然不容易被找到, 但該鳥逗留至 9 月 18 日 接著在 9 月 9 日於馬鞍山郊野公園記錄到一隻北鷹鵑, 是自 1997 年來再次錄得 9 月 12 日及 13 日分別在灣仔學校和蒲台拍攝到一隻仙八色鶇,15 日則在大帽山拍攝到一隻褐胸鶲 9 月 17 日在新田共記錄到 250 隻鬚浮鷗, 是新高紀錄 而 18 日在米埔自然護理區環誌時捕捉到的黃嘴栗啄木鳥, 確實令人驚喜 下一個罕見雀鳥紀錄是 19 日在米埔自然護理區拍攝到的栗鳶幼鳥, 其後相片上載至網頁才被確認 9 月 26 和 30 日分別在何文田及蒲台記錄到一隻白喉林鶲 ;9 月 27 和 29 日分別在梧桐寨及城門記錄到一隻黑眉柳鶯 最後一個罕見雀鳥紀錄是自 1991 年以來再次記錄到的白眉田雞, 在 9 月 27 至 10 月 4 日於塱原錄得

35 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 十月鳥況相對平靜 10 月 4 日於塱原錄得一隻小嘴烏鴉, 是自 2007 年來再次錄得 10 月 7 日在米埔自然護理區環誌到一隻葦鵐 ;10 月 10 日在旺角九龍維景酒店外發現一隻撞上玻璃的棕三趾鶉, 該鳥經過一晚後康復, 並在翌日放歸自然 在塱原,10 月 14 至 28 日記錄到兩隻山麻雀 ; 同時在 15 日記錄到一隻大短趾百靈, 是本港的第三個紀錄 最後,21 日在大埔滘記錄到一隻黑眉柳鶯 ;27 日在米埔自然護理區環誌到一隻棕眉柳鶯 十一月鳥況極佳, 尤其是鵐科鳥類, 在不同地點共記錄到 16 個物種 在塱原共錄得 12 種, 包括一個香港首個紀錄 11 月 12 至 19 日錄得的雌性白頭鵐, 其餘的 11 種是 : 一隻鳳頭鵐 一隻黃眉鵐 四隻田鵐, 以及在 11 月 10 日錄得 120 隻黃胸鵐, 是自 2002 年的新高, 還有一隻黑頭鵐 一隻硫磺鵐 一隻雄性葦鵐成鳥, 以及數隻栗耳鵐 小鵐和灰頭鵐 本月內在不同地點共記錄五隻白眉鵐, 在蒲台和濕地公園分別錄得一隻黃喉鵐, 在米埔自然護理區環誌到葦鵐 紅頸葦鵐和蘆鵐 雖然本月記錄到的鵐科物種豐富, 但常見的栗鵐 小鵐和灰頭鵐數量均自九十年代起明顯下跌 11 月 2 日在塱原錄得一隻紅背伯勞 在米埔自然護理區,11 月 4 日錄得一群 55 隻阿穆爾隼,5 日錄得 150 隻褐柳鶯和在 20 日錄得一隻栗頰椋鳥 在落馬洲,11 月 3 日錄得一隻粉紅椋鳥 ;17 日錄得一隻雌性白秋沙鴨, 以及本月第二個香港首個紀錄, 在 20 日錄得的亞洲短趾百靈 11 月 13 日在蒲台錄得一隻比氏鶲鶯 ;20 日至年底在大埔滘記錄到一隻白眶鶲鶯 ; 同日在沙埔錄得一隻水鷚, 是香港第二個紀錄 ;23 日在大生圍記錄到 25 隻紫翅椋鳥 最後,11 月 25 日在蒲台上空記錄到一隻雄性阿穆爾隼, 是最遲的秋季紀錄 2014 年冬季 ( 十二月 ) 十二月天氣清涼,12 17 及 28 日分別有寒冷的北風到港 十二月亦是鳥況極佳的月份, 首先在 12 月 1 日起在米埔担竿洲路錄得一隻白眼潛鴨幼鳥,12 月 6 日更有 19 隻紅頭潛鴨 十二月的后海灣水鳥調查共錄得 317 隻小鸊鷉, 是自 1986 年以來的新高, 這鳥種自九十年代起數量持績上升 12 月 7 日在大埔滘記錄到一隻栗頭鶲鶯 ;8 日在龍虎山錄得一隻雄性橙胸姬鶲 12 月 10 日在彭福公園同時記錄到一隻雄性鴛鴦和一隻達烏里寒鴉成鳥, 是香港首次錄得這鳥種的成鳥, 很有可能是五月份記錄到的那隻幼鳥 本月和本年的最佳雀鳥是 12 月 15 日在北潭凹錄得的栗鳽, 是 1988 年以來再次錄得這神秘的瀕危物種, 成為很多鳥友, 甚至是已在香港觀鳥很久的觀鳥者的新紀錄 該鳥由一位學識豐富的村民發現, 在細心觀察研究七天後通知觀鳥會 該鳥喜歡停留在空曠地方, 因此在 15 及 16 日兩天均很容易觀察到, 但到 17 日便失去蹤影 這節奏由此持續至年底, 差不多每天有特別的雀鳥紀錄 : 首先在 17 日於米埔自然護理區錄得另一隻雌性白秋沙鴨 ;18 日在南丫島索罟灣附近錄得一隻瀕死的短耳鴞 ;19 日在荔枝窩記錄到 40 隻金翅雀, 是自 1990 年的新高, 這鳥種在近年數量正逐步回升 ;21 日在米埔自然護理區錄得另一隻灰雁和短耳鴞, 這一隻幸好是健康的 ;23 日在新娘潭記錄到一隻栗頭鶲鶯 ;25 及 26 日在蒲台錄得一隻紅翅綠鳩

36 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Summary 2014 本年最後三天, 在 29 日至年底於白沙澳記錄到一隻雌性白尾藍地鴝 ;30 日在塱原錄得 618 隻斑文鳥, 是新高數量, 顯示在當地細心進行生境管理的成效 ; 在本年最後一天, 於大埔滘啡路記錄到一隻黑眉擬啄木鳥, 是本年第三個香港首個紀錄, 為鳥類紀錄突出的 2014 年劃上完美的句號

37 How many spoonies can you count? About Spoon-billed Sandpiper: A small waterbird which lives in coastal wetlands It has a special spoon-shaped bill Food: invertebrates in mudflats Migrates from breeding grounds in northeast Russian to wintering grounds in Southeast Asia Migration route is >8000km!! Status of Spoon-billed Sandpiper: Estimated global population: adults IUCN Red Data book status: Critically Endangered (CR) Main threats: habitat loss and illegal hunting For more information, please visit task-forces/spoon-billed-sandpiper/ Produced by the Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Illustration and graphic design by Amimi Cheng

38 Systematic List 2014 Taxonomy The Records Committee has adopted the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) taxonomy and the scientific nomenclature that goes with it. The species list in this Systematic List follows the taxonomy of the IOC List v5.4. Systematic List Format The format for each species is as follows: i) Title, giving common name in English, scientific name, common name in Chinese, species category and IUCN Red List Conservation Status, where applicable. ii) Brief description of the status in Hong Kong as at end of 2013, in italics, in both English and Chinese. iii) Summary of records for the year Species category definitions are as follows: Category I: species that have been recorded in an apparently wild state in HK. Category IIA: southeast China breeding species, the currently established HK breeding population of which is considered to derive from captive stock, but which probably occurred in HK prior to habitat changes. Category IIB: extralimital species that, although originally introduced to HK by man, maintain a regular feral breeding stock without necessary recourse to further introduction. Category IIC: previously established feral species. Category III: species for which all published HK records are considered likely to relate to birds that have escaped or have been released from captivity. The Conservation Status is based on the IUCN Red List. A status other than Least Concern is indicated by the use of the abbreviations below: IUCN Red List (2012.6) CR Critically Endangered EN Endangered VU Vulnerable NT Near-threatened Frequency/abundance terms used in the status description are, in order, rare, scarce, uncommon, common and abundant. These apply to birds in suitable habitat at the appropriate time of year

39 The records section is a summary of all those reported in Hong Kong during the year 2014 but does not include all records received and archived. Records are not listed individually unless they differ from the typical pattern as described in the status description or concern a species sufficiently uncommon to warrant listing all records. All records of species requiring assessment by the Records Committee are listed in full with the initials of those individuals who supplied the record. Where possible, the summary is divided into seasons or winter periods with only the highest count and extreme dates provided. The peak count refers to the highest count in the year. Sites of occurrence are not generally listed unless records occur in atypical habitats or at unusual times of year. The following local descriptive terms are used: Deep Bay area - the Deep Bay inter-tidal area and the continuous area of freshwater marsh and fishponds from Tsim Bei Tsui to Hoo Hok Wai including Wetland Park, Nam Sang Wai, Kam Tin, Mai Po, San Tin and Lok Ma Chau; Long Valley - Long Valley and Ho Sheung Heung; northwest NT Tuen Mun to Yuen Long, the Deep Bay and Long Valley areas, Kam Tin valley and hills north of the Lam Tsuen Valley; northeast NT the region to the northeast of the Fanling Highway including Starling Inlet and Pat Sin Leng and Plover Cove CPs; north NT both northwest and northeast NT; Lam Tsuen - the whole Lam Tsuen Valley; central NT Tai Lam, Tai Mo Shan, Shing Mun and Kam Shan CPs, the Lam Tsuen Valley and Tai Po Kau; southeast NT Lion Rock, Ma On Shan and Clearwater Bay CPs, Kowloon Peak, the Ho Chung Valley and Sai Kung town; east NT Sai Kung West and East CPs. This report includes Annual Peak Counts (or Annual Estimated Numbers of Birds for rarer species) for the period 1990 to 2014 for most land bird and some other species, on pages 260 to 279. The specific pages are referred to in the Systematic List text for that species. The purpose of these graphs is to help identify recent changes in the frequency of occurrence for species in Hong Kong. They need to be reviewed with care, particularly for land birds, since observer bias and other factors can effect numbers, but they are useful in indicating those species which need more careful review. The Weekly Occurrence Graphs in this report are different to those given in previous reports. In this report, the graphs compare the frequency of occurrence of a species over a 10-year period in the 1990s, usually 1990 to 1999, with the most recent 10-year period, 2005 to These graphs supplement the Annual Peak Count graphs for that species and give much more detailed information on changes in frequency of occurrence

40 Abbreviations used in the species accounts are listed below. CP Country Park LNEC Lions Nature Education Centre, Sai Kung HK Hong Kong MPNR Mai Po Nature Reserve HKBR Hong Kong Bird Report NT New Territories KFBG Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden TPK Tai Po Kau LMC Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Wetland Mitigation Area WC Waterbird Count Sources of Data for the 2014 Systematic List Most of the data within the 2014 Systematic List comes in the form of records from individuals. However, a substantial amount of data now comes from on-going longterm monitoring projects, the major ones in 2014 being the following. Waterbird Monitoring Programme (WMP) Counts of waterbird species are conducted on a monthly basis throughout the year at Deep Bay and Starling Inlet as part of the Ramsar Site Waterbird Monitoring Programme done on behalf of AFCD. This is an on-going project which first started in 1979, and in its current form in Counts are coordinated between several observers at sites throughout Deep Bay. Note that, in order to provide a complete overview of waterbird populations in Deep Bay, counts include Futian NNR, Shenzhen in addition to sites in Hong Kong. Given the movement of birds between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, these totals are included in the Systematic List to provide data on the number of birds using Deep Bay as a whole. The dates of the monthly Waterbird Counts conducted during 2014 are given below. These totals might include counts made up to a week either side of the actual count date. J F M A M J J A S O N D th 16 th 17 th 20 th 18 th 15 th 13 th 10 th 21 st 12 th 9 th 7 th Shorebird Monitoring The WMP also includes counts of shorebirds (waders) within Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve on a more frequent basis than monthly, particularly in the spring and autumn migration periods. This part of the WMP programme started in WWF Morning Bird Count WWF staff count all bird species within the Mai Po NR on a twice-monthly basis throughout the year. This monitoring activity started in HKBWS Ecological Baseline Surveys (EBS) HKBWS staff count bird species at certain fishponds in the Deep Bay area on a regular basis throughout the year. This activity is supported by the Environment and Conservation Fund (ECF) and started in

41 Long Valley Weekly Bird Count (LVP) As part of the Management Agreement for Conservation of Long Valley, counts of all bird species are made at Long Valley on a weekly basis throughout the year. This project is supported by the Environment and Conservation Fund (ECF). Ringing Groups Data was submitted by the following Ringing Groups HKBWS Ringing Group (HKBWS RG) and the Hong Kong Bird Ringing Group (HKBRG). Tern Breeding Data Tern breeding data comes from the Population Survey of Terns in Hong Kong, 2014, funded by AFCD, and conducted throughout the summer months in eastern, southeastern and southern waters. Other project sources Data also comes from projects run by HKBWS, the main source being the Research Groups for Egrets which count breeding activity for these species and is funded by AFCD, and from weekly counts at HK and Kolwoon Parks by the Crested Bulbul Club. Individual records Thanks are due to the following who submitted their individual records for this report: J.A. Allcock, K. & R. Barretto, A. Bizid, G.J. Carey, M. Chalmers, S.M. Chan, N.M. Cheng, K.J. Cheung, T. Cheung, J. Chim, J. Clough, G. Chow, A. Crow/KFBG, B. De Schutter, D.A. Diskin, W. Dring, L.W. Fung, M. Hale, A. Hardacre, J. Ho, G. Ho, J. & J. Holmes, Y.W. Hung, E.M.S. Kilburn, B. Klick, L. Ko/KFBG, K. Ko, P.K. Kwan, C.M. Kwong, A. Lam, J. Lambert, P.J. Leader, M.R. Leven, K. Leung, W.K. Leung, R.W. Lewthwaite, M. Lisse, C.F. Lo, A. & B. Low, J. Martinez, H. & N. Miller, A. Peaker, R. Peard, A. Pong, W. Poon, V. Reed, E. Shek, R. Smith, D.J. Stanton, S.L. Tai, D. Thomas, I. Tse, G. Welch, M.D. Williams, C.Y. Wing, C. Wong, N. & A. Wong, M. & P. Wong, T. & T. Woodward, WWF-HK, T. Yu/KFBG and Y.T. Yu. Records were also taken from the HKBWS Website (Website) and other sources. Where recorded, the individual names for these records appear below: A. Chan, B. Chan, P. Chan, S. Chan, T. Chan, M. Chau, K.C. Cheung, L.W. Cheung, S.H. Cheung, T.M. Cheung, J. Chow, W.M. Chu, N. Fifer, Y.W. Fong, C.Y. Ho, J. Hollander, T.M. Hon, H. Ip, S.P. Lau, Y.M. Lee, T. Leung, W.F. Lo, K. Lok, B. Man, K.W. Sit, G. Talbot, M.L. Tang, R. Tipper, E. To, O. To, M. Turnbull, S.M. Wong, Y.W. Yiu, J. Yu. The Systematic List for the year 2014 was compiled by Geoff Welch. References to The Avifauna within the Systematic List refer to Carey et al. (2001)

42 分類總覽 2014 年 分類方法紀錄委員會採用國際鳥類學會議 International Ornithological Congress (IOC) 分類方法及配合此分類方法慣常使用的科學命名法 此分類總覽鳥種名稱按照 IOC 5.4 版本分類列表作出分類 分類總覽規格鳥種資料如下:甲 ) 鳥種標題以英文名 學名 中文名 鳥種類別以及國際自然保育聯盟紅皮書的保育狀況 ( 若適用 ) 列出 乙 ) 以斜體字概要以中英文描述 2012 年及以前在香港狀況 丙 ) 2014 年總結紀錄 鳥種類別的定義如下: 第 I 類: 在香港有明確野生紀錄 第 IIA 類:中國東南部地區繁殖的鳥種, 現時在香港的群落被認為是由逃逸的籠鳥所繁衍的, 但亦可能在棲息地出現變化前已在香港出沒 第 IIB 類:非原居鳥種, 經人為引入香港, 現無需靠額外幫助已能繼續繁衍 第 IIC 類:曾經在香港有野生群落的鳥種 第 III 類:根據所有已發表的香港紀錄顯示, 此鳥種可能在飼養時逃逸或是人為放生 保育狀況是根據國際自然保育聯盟紅皮書及其他現狀使用以下簡稱, 但不包括 無危, 計有 : 國際自然保育聯盟紅皮書 (2012.6) CR 極危 EN 瀕危 VU 易危 NT 近危 在描述出現頻率或數量的狀況時, 依序是罕見 稀少 不常見 常見和大量 這些狀況是應用於某鳥種在適合的生境及時間去評估 分類總覽提供香港 2013 年內的紀錄匯報, 但不包含所有已收集及存檔的紀錄 除非有關紀錄與鳥種名稱底下用斜體字描述的典型模式不同, 又或某鳥種非常獨特以致必須保存所有資料, 否則不會作出個別紀錄 所有經過紀錄委員會評估及接納的紀錄會詳細列名細節包括提供資料人的姓名

43 在容許的情況下, 描述會分為季節或冬季時段, 並只提供最多數目的紀錄及最極端日子資料 最多數目的紀錄是指在該年內的最高紀錄 鳥種出現位置一般不會列明, 若在罕見的棲息地或非正常時期錄得則例外 以下列出本地描述地方的習慣用詞及意思 : 后海灣一帶 后海灣潮間帶及相連的淡水沼澤及魚塘, 由尖鼻咀一直延伸至蠔殼圍, 包括濕地公園 南生圍 錦田 米埔 新田及落馬洲 ; 塱原 塱原及河上鄉 ; 林村 林村谷 ; 新界西北 后海灣及塱原一帶 錦田谷及林村谷以北的山脈 ; 新界東北 粉嶺公路東北一帶, 包括八仙嶺及船灣郊野公園及沙頭角海 ; 新界北 包括新界東北及西北 ; 林村 林村谷 ; 新界中 大欖 大帽山及城門郊野公園, 林村谷及大埔滘 ; 新界東南 獅子山 馬鞍山及清水灣郊野公園, 飛鵝山及蠔涌谷 ; 新界東 西貢 西貢東及西貢西郊野公園 此報告的 260 至 279 頁包含了 1990 年至 2014 年間大部分陸鳥及其他鳥種的每年最高數量 ( 及罕見鳥的估算數目 ) 其相應版頁已在分類名錄中列出 這批圖有助分析這些鳥種在近年出現的頻次及狀況的變化 但使用這些資料時須小心處理, 尤其是陸鳥, 因為觀鳥者的偏愛及種種因素都會影響結果, 但無論如何都有助分析一些須加留意的鳥種 此報告的每週出現圖表與以往的報告有所不同 此報告比較了通常為 1990 至 1999 其間的十年與 2005 至 2014 年間出現頻次的變化 這批圖補足每年數目變化的圖表, 並為出現頻次變化提供更詳細的資料 鳥種闡述中所使用簡稱如下 : CP 郊野公園 LNEC 獅子會自然教育中心 HK 香港 MPNR 米埔自然護理區 HKBR 香港鳥類報告 NT 新界 KFBG 嘉道理農場暨植物園 TPK 大埔滘 LMC 落馬洲支線濕地緩解區 WC 水鳥統計

44 2014 年分類總覽數據來源 2014 年分類總覽大部分數據來自個人紀錄 ; 但亦有相當部分的數據是從仍在進行中的長期監測中取得, 2014 年主要的項目如下 : 水鳥普查計劃這項全年每月在后海灣 沙頭角海及船灣進行的普查是替漁農自然護理署進行的拉姆薩爾濕地水鳥監察計劃的其中一部分 這項計劃從 1979 年首次展開, 現時的模式是由 1998 年開始沿用的 后海灣的水鳥統計是由一班調查員合作進行的 為了全面了解后海灣的水鳥數目, 水鳥普查除在香港進行, 亦包括了深圳福田國家級自然保護區的水鳥數目 考慮到雀鳥在深港兩地間自由往來, 分類總覽內的后海灣整體水鳥數字已包括了該數據 水鳥統計數據可能包含實際計算當日前後一週的水鳥數目 2014 年每月進行水鳥統計的日子為 : 1 月 2 月 3 月 4 月 5 月 6 月 7 月 8 月 9 月 10 月 11 月 12 月 日 16 日 17 日 20 日 18 日 15 日 13 日 10 日 21 日 12 日 9 日 7 日 涉禽普查 水鳥普查亦包括在米埔自然護理區內進行濱鳥普查 調查頻次較每月一次多, 特別是在春 秋的遷徙季節 此項目亦由 1998 年開始 世界自然基金會清晨雀鳥統計 世界自然基金會香港分會成員在米埔自然護理區全年間每月兩次統計所有雀鳥種類 此項監察活動始於 2005 年 塱原每週雀鳥普查 是項普查是塱原自然保育管理計劃的一部分, 全年間每週統計塱原雀鳥種類及其數量 此項目, 由環境及自然保育基金資助 環誌組 由香港觀鳥會鳥類環誌組及香港鳥類環誌協會提供數據 燕鷗繁殖數據 2014 年度香港燕鷗繁殖調查, 由漁農自然護理署資助 夏季期間在東 東南及南部海域進行

45 其他項目 其他資料來自香港觀鳥會舉辦的研究項目, 主要來源有鷺鳥研究組, 這小組負責統計上述鳥種的繁殖活動, 由漁農自然護理署資助 個人紀錄 感謝各鳥友提交個人紀錄 : ( 鳴謝名單請參閱英文原文 ) 本報告亦有摘取香港觀鳥會網上紀錄 : ( 紀錄發表者的名單請參閱英文原文 ) 2014 年的分類總覽由 Geoff Welch 及柯祖毅整理 分類總覽中所提及的參考資料 香港鳥類名錄 是源自 Carey et al. (2001)

46 CATEGORIES I-II Greylag Goose Anser anser 灰雁 I Four winter records between 6 November and 22 March, the last being in 1997, one summer record 20 to 21 July 四項紀錄於 11 月 6 日至 3 月 22 日期間, 最後為 1997 年 2012 年 7 月 20 至 21 日有一項紀錄 One at MPNR on 23 August (M&PW et al.) showed no signs of being ex-captive, although the possibility cannot be excluded. One at MPNR on 21 December (JAA et al.) is the first winter record since Plate 1 Greylag Goose Anser anser 灰雁 MPNR, 21st December 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 12 月 21 日 Kinni Ho 何建業

47 Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus 大天鵝 I One record, 13 March 年 3 月 13 日有一項紀錄 A juvenile at Sai Kung pier on 26 January (TL), the second HK record. Plate 2 Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus 大天鵝 Sai Kung, 26th January 2014 西貢 2014 年 1 月 26 日 Toby Leung 梁啟揚 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 翹鼻麻鴨 I Previously a common winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas, now much declined and scarce; extreme dates 22 October to 29 May, highest count 4,011 on 17 January 曾為常見的冬候鳥, 但大幅下降至現時為稀少, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 10 月 22 日至 5 月 29 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1988 年 1 月 17 日的 4,011 隻 No records for the first year since at least Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Common Shelduck has declined dramatically since 2000, before which annual peak counts of over 1000 were regular

48 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 赤麻鴨 I Rare winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 5 November and 14 May, highest count seven on 26 February 罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒在后海灣濕地, 日子在 11 月 5 日至 5 月 14 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1989 年 2 月 26 日的 7 隻 Three at MPNR and Nam Sang Wai between 2 and 4 January (KL et al.), the first count of more than one since Plate 3 Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata 鴛鴦 Penfold Park, 10th December 2014 彭福公園 2014 年 12 月 10 日 Olivia To 杜珮煒 Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata 鴛鴦 I Rare winter visitor; extreme dates 20 October and 4 May. 罕見冬候鳥, 在 10 月 20 日至 5 月 4 日間 A female or juvenile male at Long Valley on 19 October (KWC/HKBWS Outing) and a male at Penfold Park from 10 to 12 December (OT,IT) were both considered to be of natural origin. An ex-captive female at MPNR from 26 January to 12 February (KL,DAD). Estimated number of birds accepted as Cat I in recent years:

49 Cotton Pygmy-goose Nettapus coromandelianus 棉鳧 I Five records, four between 23 and 31 October and one on 12 May. 五項紀錄, 日子由 10 月 23 至 31 日及一項於 5 月 12 日 A male photographed from the Po Toi ferry in the East Lamma Channel near to Aberdeen on 10 May (YWY). This is the sixth record for HK and the second in spring following the first in Gadwall Anas strepera 赤膀鴨 I Uncommon winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 18 October to 6 May, highest count 42 on 12 January 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 10 月 18 日至 5 月 6 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1986 年 1 月 12 日的 42 隻 First winter period: recorded at MPNR to 16 April, peak count 14 on 13 January and 12 February. Second winter period: recorded at MPNR from 5 November to year end, high count three from 22 December. Singles at LMC on 20 November and 16 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Falcated Duck Anas falcata 羅紋鴨 I NT Much declined and now an uncommon winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 26 September to 26 May, highest count 413 on 14 January 數量大幅下降至現時為不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 9 月 26 日至 5 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1984 年 1 月 14 日的 413 隻 First winter period: recorded at MPNR to 28 March with peak count seven in the February WC. Second winter period: two at MPNR on 24 November. Peak counts in recent years:

50 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Falcated Duck has declined substantially since the 1990s. Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope 赤頸鴨 I Abundant winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas with two summer records; typically present September to April, highest count 6,705 on 14 January 大量的的冬候鳥, 有兩項夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 通常於九月至四月之間出現, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 1 月 14 日的 6,705 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless stated. First winter period: recorded to 20 April, high count 1,412 in the March WC. Occasional records of up to four at Tsim Bei Tsui, Nam Sang Wai and Kam Tin. Second winter period: first record on 26 September, peak count 1,742 in the December WC. Four at Ma Tso Lung on 19 October and six at Long Valley from 16 to 22 November with one there on 15 December. Peak counts in recent years: 4,080 2,744 3,106 2,054 5,764 5,050 4,439 4,429 2,919 2,077 2,240 1,742 Eurasian Wigeon numbers have been declining after four years of high counts from 2007 to A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Hybrid American Eurasian Wigeon Anas americana penelope 葡萄胸鴨與赤頸鴨的雜交種 A hybrid American x Eurasian Wigeon was at MPNR on 23 December (CFL). Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 綠頭鴨 I Declined and now a scarce winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 5 October to 22 May, highest count 70 on 7 November 數量下降至為現時為稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 10 月 5 日至 5 月 22 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1959 年 11 月 7 日的 70 隻 First winter period: two males and a female recorded at MPNR to 16 February. Second winter period: one male and one female recorded at MPNR from 19 November into December

51 Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Mallard numbers have declined substantially since the 1990s. Chinese Spot-billed Duck Anas zonorhyncha 中華斑嘴鴨 I Previously a common winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas with regular breeding records at MPNR, now uncommon in winter and rare in summer; highest count 511 on 13 January 曾為常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 並在米埔自然護理區內有恆常的繁殖紀錄 ; 現為不常見的冬候鳥, 在夏季則罕見, 最高紀錄為 1991 年 1 月 13 日的 511 隻 First winter period: recorded at MPNR up to 18 March with a peak count of 18 on 3 January. Summer: one at MPNR to 2 July with six there on 27 August. Five at LMC also on 27August. Second winter period: recorded at MPNR from 21 September with numbers gradually increasing to a peak count of 11 on 22 December. Two at Long Valley on 19 October with four there on 2 November. One at Starling Inlet on 9 November. Peak counts in recent years: Chinese Spot-billed Duck numbers have stabilised over recent years although much declined since the 1990 s. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Hybrid Mallard x Chinese Spot-billed Duck Anas platyrhynchos x zonorhyncha 綠頭鴨與中華斑嘴鴨的雜交種 A hybrid Mallard x Chinese Spot-billed Duck was at MPNR from 19 November to year end (JAA)

52 Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 琵嘴鴨 I Abundant winter visitor to the Deep Bay area; typically present October to April with some summer records, highest count 20,008 on 24 January 大量的冬候鳥, 有小量夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣地區, 通常在十月至四月之間出現, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 1 月 24 日的 20,008 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: high count 1,855 in the January WC, latest record on 13 May. Recorded at Long Valley to 3 March with high count four, five at Nim Wan on 16 January and one at Nam Chung on 25 January. Second winter period: one at LMC on 27 August. Then recorded from 7 September, peak count 2,292 in the November WC, the lowest peak count since Recorded at Long Valley from 1 November, high count ten on 8 December. Peak counts in recent years: 4,271 3,086 9,703 2,870 8,930 14,253 11,271 20,008 9,674 7,560 3,679 2,292 Northern Shoveler numbers increased between 2008 and 2010 but now appear to have returned to previous levels. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Plate 4 Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 琵嘴鴨 MPNR, 6th November 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 11 月 6 日 Andy Li 李偉仁

53 Northern Pintail Anas acuta 針尾鴨 I Abundant winter visitor to the Deep Bay área although numbers have declined since The Avifauna; typically present October to March, highest count 8,654 on 11 January 在后海灣出現的大量冬候鳥, 自 香港鳥類名錄 後數量一直下降 主要在 10 月至 3 月之間出現, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 1 月 11 日的 8,654 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: peak count 1,410 in the January WC, the lowest since 1990, latest record on 28 March. Second winter period: recorded from 30 September, high count 563 in the December WC. Singles at Long Valley on 14 October and 17 November. Peak counts in recent years: 4,381 2,054 3,332 1,556 4,647 2,444 2,010 3,622 2,586 2,413 1,748 1,410 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 244 of the 2013 HKBR. Northern Pintail numbers have declined since the 1990s. Garganey Anas querquedula 白眉鴨 I Common migrant, mainly in autumn, and ucommon winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; typically present September to April, highest count 715 on 27 September 主要在秋季常見的候鳥, 也是冬季不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 通常在九月至四月之間出現, 最高紀錄為 1986 年 9 月 27 日的 715 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley. First winter period: winter counts below ten, mainly at MPNR and Long Valley. Spring migration from 2 April, high count 43 at the Mai Po boardwalk on 24 April, last record at MPNR on 18 May. Also recorded in small numbers at Long Valley and LMC. Second winter period: earliest record 74 on 7 September at MPNR, peak count 359 in the September WC, a high count by recent standards, with lower numbers from 9 October. Up to four recorded at Long Valley with ten at LMC on 6 October. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 245 of the 2013 HKBR. Although Garganey numbers fluctuate, peak counts are now lower than in the 1990s

54 Plate 5 Eurasian Teal Anas crecca 綠翅鴨 Long Valley, 11th December 2014 塱原 2014 年 12 月 11 日 Yip Wai Hung 葉偉雄 Eurasian Teal Anas crecca 綠翅鴨 I Abundant but declining winter visitor, primarily in the Deep Bay area, with occasional summer records; typically present September to April, highest count 5,411 on 24 January 大量但數量在下降中的冬候鳥, 偶有夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣地區, 通常在九月至四月之間出現, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 1 月 24 日的 5,411 隻 All records except three from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley. First winter period: high count 338 in the March WC, last record on 16 April. Away from MPNR, high counts of 56 at Kam Tin and 25 at Long Valley with six at Sha Ling on 28 January and 13 at Luk Keng on 23 February. Second winter period: recorded from 13 September with peak count 619 in the November WC with high counts 27 at San Tin and 62 at Long Valley. One at Pui O on 9 November. Peak counts in recent years: 3,286 2,238 3,023 1,227 2,785 2,322 1,581 1,459 1, A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 245 of the 2013 HKBR. Eurasian Teal numbers have declined substantially since

55 Common Pochard Aythya ferina 紅頭潛鴨 I VU Scarce winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 22 October to 20 June, highest count 19 on 5 December 稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 10 月 22 日至 6 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 12 月 5 日的 19 隻 First winter period: a new highest count 22 in the January WC, last record on 16 February. Second winter period: recorded from 16 November with another high count of 19 from the Mai Po access road on 6 December. Two at LMC on 24 November. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Common Pochard fluctuate and no clear pattern is evident over the longer term but winter was exceptional with unusually high numbers in the Deep Bay area. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 245 of the 2013 HKBR. Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca 白眼潛鴨 I NT Rare winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 9 November to 1 April with one summer record, highest count 4 on 3 December 罕見的冬候鳥, 有一項夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 11 月 9 日至 4 月 1 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1998 年 12 月 3 日的 4 隻 A female at San Tin on 19 January (BC) with probably the same bird at MPNR on 25 January (JM). A male at the Mai Po access road from 18 to 27 August (JAA et al.) is the second summer record with a juvenile also at the Mai Po access road from 1 to 6 December (CFL). Three individual birds is the highest yearly aggregate for this NT species since Estimated number of birds in recent years:

56 Plate 6 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca 白眼潛鴨 Mai Po access road, 23rd Auguat 2014 米埔担竿洲路 2014 年 8 月 23 日 Chan Siu Yuen 陳兆源 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula 鳳頭潛鴨 I Abundant winter visitor to the Deep Bay area; typically present November to April, highest count 6,742 on 15 February 大量的的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域, 通常在十一月至一月之間出現, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 2 月 15 日的 6,742 隻 All records except two from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: peak count 2,826 in the March WC with one at Starling Inlet in the January WC. 602 at MPNR on 13 January with numbers there falling rapidly in March and last record on 24 April. Elsewhere, five at Nam Sang Wai on 25 January and one at San Tin on 6 February. Second winter period: recorded from 22 October with high counts at MPNR of 1,467 on 20 November and 1,975 on 18 December

57 Peak counts in recent years: 1, ,667 3,053 4,285 1,846 6,742 5,823 4,762 5,987 4,052 2,826 Tufted Duck numbers have increased substantially since 2005, one of the few duck species to do so, although the 2014 number is lower. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 245 of the 2013 HKBR. Greater Scaup Aythya marila 斑背潛鴨 I Scarce winter visitor to the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 25 October to 16 April, highest count 83 on 17 February 稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 10 月 25 日至 4 月 16 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 2 月 17 日的 83 隻 One in the January WC. In the second winter period, a female at MPNR on 17 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 245 of the 2013 HKBR. Greater Scaup numbers can fluctuate considerably and no clear pattern is evident. Smew Mergellus albellus 白秋沙鴨 I Four records; extreme dates 26 November to 16 April. 四項紀錄, 在 11 月 26 日至 4 月 6 日間 A female at LMC from 17 November to 5 December(PJL,MRL). A different female at MPNR from 17 December to year end (JAA et al.). Another female from the Mai Po boardwalk on 23 December (CFL) was possibly the LMC bird. Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator 紅胸秋沙鴨 I Previously a regular winter visitor and spring migrant to the Deep Bay area, now rare there; scarce spring passage migrant through southern waters; extreme dates 16 November to 4 May, highest count 97 on 14 January 曾為恆常在后海灣出沒的冬候鳥和春季遷徙鳥, 現該區已罕見, 及變成多出沒於南部水域稀少的春季過境遷徙鳥, 日子在 11 月 16 日至 5 月 4 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1990 年 1 月 14 日的 97 隻

58 Two females in Starling Inlet from 23 February to 2 March with one there on 14 March. Peak counts from northern NT and southern waters in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 245 of the 2013 HKBR. Red-breasted Merganser is no longer a regular winter visitor to Deep Bay as it was in the early 1990s when peak counts were in double figures. Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 中華鷓鴣 I Locally common resident in areas of grassland with scattered shrubs or rocks, usually in upland areas. Most records are of birds calling between mid-march and June; highest count 15 on 30 April 本地常見之留鳥, 多出沒於高地上夾雜著灌木叢及岩石的草原 ; 紀錄主要是在 3 月中旬至 6 月之間牠們的鳴叫, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 4 月 30 日的 15 隻 Four at Lo Wu on 15 January. Then recorded from 1 March to 30 July with most records being calling birds, peak count eight at Tai Mo Shan on 18 April with six in the Tai O/Yi O area on 6 May. Also recorded from Pak Nai, Crest Hill, Nam Chung, Lai Chi Wo, Sha Lo Tung, LOHAS Park and both Sai Kung West and East CP. Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica 鵪鶉 I NT Uncommon autumn passage migrant and rare winter visitor to open country, often agricultural areas; extreme dates 23 September to 23 May, highest count 15 at Long Valley in winter 1994/95. 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥和罕見冬候鳥, 出沒於開闊原野, 多是農地, 日子在 9 月 23 日至 5 月 23 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1994/95 年冬天在塱原的 15 隻 First winter period: singles at LMC on 3 January and Long Valley on 11 January and 12 May. Second winter period: recorded from 10 October to 5 December, mostly singles and mostly at Long Valley but also at LMC with two at Nim Wan, Tsim Bei Tsui and MPNR. One taken into care at KFBG from Kwai Chung on 13 October was released three days later at MPNR. Peak counts in recent years

59 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. In the 1990s, Japanese Quail was a regular winter visitor in HK, but it is now almost exclusively an autumn passage migrant, as shown in Figure 1 below, probably due to loss of suitable wintering grassland. Figure 1. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica 鵪鶉 Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas 白額鸌 I NT Scarce spring passage migrant with occasional high counts and autumn records, primarily in eastern and southern waters; extreme dates 4 March to 26 June and 14 August to 26 September, highest count 80 on 17 May 稀少的春季過境遷徙鳥, 偶有高數量紀錄及秋季紀錄, 主要出沒於東部及南部水域, 日子在 3 月 4 日至 6 月 26 日及 8 月 14 日至 9 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 5 月 17 日的 80 隻 Three from an HKBWS boat trip in southern waters on 26 April. Peak counts in recent years: Streaked Shearwater has been recorded annually since increased watching of southern waters started in

60 Short-tailed Shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris 短尾鸌 I Uncommon spring passage migrant, primarily in southern waters; extreme dates 20 April to 3 June, highest count 15 on 14 May 不常見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 主要出沒於南部水域, 日子在 4 月 20 日至 5 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2007 年 5 月 14 日的 15 隻 Singles from boat trips in southern waters on 26 April, 10 May and 25 May. Peak counts in recent years: Short-tailed Shearwater was first recorded in Hong Kong in 2004 and is now accepted as a regular spring migrant through southern waters. Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 小鸊鷉 I Common all year with higher numbers in winter, on ponds and pools primarily in Deep Bay wetland areas; highest count 352 on 12 January 全年常見的鳥, 在冬季時數量最多, 主要出沒於后海灣濕地內的池塘和水池, 最高紀錄為 1986 年 1 月 12 日的 352 隻 Recorded throughout the year in the Deep Bay WC with a peak count of 317 in the December WC, the highest of recent years. Regular records at MPNR, where the high count was 53 on 5 March, and at Nim Wan, where the high count was 52 on 3 September. Breeding occurred in both places. Regular records also at Ho Sheung Heung, high count five, with 60 at LMC on 19 August. Away from the Deep Bay area, one was at Tai O on 31 January, three at Shuen Wan on 17 February, seven at Luk Keng on 23 February and three at Ho Pui on 26 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. Little Grebe has been gradually increasing in numbers since Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 鳳頭鸊鷉 I Common winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme dates 1 September to 12 May with two over-summering records, highest count 790 on 17 December 常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 9 月 1 日至 5 月 12 日之間及兩個度夏紀錄, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 12 月 17 日的 790 隻

61 First winter period: high count 94 in the March WC, last record on 11 April. Recorded in Starling Inlet until 2 March, high count eight, with four at Nim Wan on 19 March. Second winter period: first record on 9 November, peak count 100 in the December WC, the lowest since Recorded in Starling Inlet from 14 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 245 of the 2013 HKBR. Great Crested Grebe was increasing in numbers up to Black Stork Ciconia nigra 黑鸛 I Rare autumn migrant and winter visitor to wetland areas, primarily Deep Bay; extreme dates 16 October and 5 April, highest count 15 on 31 December 罕見的秋季遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 主要出沒於后海灣, 日子在 10 月 16 日至 4 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1967 年 12 月 31 日的 15 隻 Singles at Nam Sang Wai on 5 January and at MPNR on 18 November. Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 白琵鷺 I Uncommon winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 16 October to 18 May, highest count 30 on 14 March 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 10 月 16 日至 5 月 18 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1976 年 3 月 14 日的 30 隻 First winter period: peak count four in the February WC. One at MPNR to 2 May. Second winter period: one at MPNR from 23 October. Three in the November WC and one at LMC on 16 December. Peak counts in recent years: Eurasian Spoonbill numbers are relatively stable

62 Plate 7 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 白琵鷺 MPNR, 15th April 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 4 月 15 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華

63 Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor 黑臉琵鷺 I EN Common winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas with regular summer records; higher numbers typically present October to May, highest count 496 on 24 January 常見的冬候鳥, 有恆常夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 數量在十月至五月之間為最多, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 1 月 24 日的 496 隻 Low numbers in the first winter period but the second winter period saw a return to the high counts of recent years. All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: high count 266 in the February WC. Also recorded at Tsim Bei Tsui with 40 there on 7 February and at Nam Sang Wai and LMC. Summer: recorded at MPNR throughout June and July with high count eight. Second winter period: peak count 455 in the November WC. Singles at Starling Inlet on 25 October and Long Valley on 16 November. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Black-faced Spoonbill numbers have increased substantially since Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris 大麻鳽 I Uncommon winter visitor and spring migrant to larger reedmarshes in the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 12 September to 16 May, highest count 31 on 19 March 不常見的冬候鳥和春季遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域內的大片蘆葦沼澤, 日子在 9 月 12 日至 5 月 16 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 3 月 19 日的 31 隻 All records from MPNR unless otherwise stated. First winter period: peak count 18 on 17 March, last record on 26 March. One at Ho Sheung Heung on 17 February. Second winter period: earliest record on 20 October, high count eight on 20 November with one at LMC on 30 October. One at Shuen Wan on 16 November is a rare record away from Deep Bay. Peak counts in recent years:

64 Regular evening counts of spring migrants at MPNR since 2009 have resulted in higher peak counts; actual numbers are probably stable. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis 黃葦鳽 I Common passage migrant to wetland areas, with occasional high counts in late spring; greatly declined summer visitor to Deep Bay reedmarsh and mangrove, with scarce winter records; highest count 50 on 21 May 在后海灣區域常見的過境遷徙鳥, 暮春時偶有高數量紀錄, 夏季時則為數量大幅下降的夏候鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域內的蘆葦沼澤和紅樹林, 有稀少的冬季紀錄, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 5 月 21 日的 50 隻 Low numbers on passage. First winter period: one at MPNR from 17 to 25 February. Spring passage from 3 April with a high count of six in the May WC. Elsewhere recorded in ones or twos at Pak Nai, Wetland Park, Long Valley and Starling Inlet. Breeding season: peak count eight in the June WC. Recorded in low numbers from Pak Nai, Nim Wan, MPNR, Wo Shang Wai, San Tin and Ho Sheung Heung. Second winter period: recorded to 11 November with most records from MPNR, LMC and Long Valley, high count eight in the September WC. One taken into care at KFBG from Sai Kung on 26 September later died. One at Tai O on 18 October. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Peak counts of Yellow Bittern have been consistent since 1990, with occasional high counts, usually weather related Von Schrenck s Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus 紫背葦鳽 I Scarce passage migrant to wetland areas; extreme dates 21 April to 11 June and 29 August to 19 November, highest count 29 on 21 May 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於濕地, 日子在 4 月 21 日至 6 月 11 日及 8 月 29 日至 11 月 19 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 5 月 21 日的 29 隻 Spring: singles at Long Valley on 6 and 14 May and at Pak Sha O also on 14 May. Autumn: a female at Long Valley from 3 to 23 September and a juvenile male there from 27 October to 25 November (YWF et al.), a new latest date. Singles trapped at MPNR on 7 October and 15 November with singles on Po Toi on 26 September and 16 November. November records are rare for this species

65 Estimated number of birds in recent years: Von Schrenck s Bittern is mostly recorded in singles and twos although migrant flocks were seen over southern waters in 2008 and Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 栗葦鳽 I Uncommon passage migrant and scarce summer visitor with occasional winter records, to freshwater wetland areas; highest count ten on 19 May 不常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的夏候鳥, 偶有冬季紀錄, 出沒於淡水濕地, 最高紀錄為 1971 年 5 月 19 日的 10 隻 First winter period: Singles in the January and March WC. Spring passage was poor with only one at Long Valley from 3 to 24 May. Summer: up to two at LMC with singles at MPNR and Long Valley and peak count four in the June WC. Second winter period: a juvenile at LMC on 11 September suggested successful breeding there. Singles at Long Valley to 6 October and at MPNR to 14 December including a juvenile trapped there on 11 November. One on Po Toi on 16 October. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Cinnamon Bittern is mostly recorded in singles and twos; migrant flocks have not been recorded. Black Bittern Dupetor flavicollis 黑鳽 I Scarce passage migrant with rare summer records to freshwater wetland areas; extreme dates 9 March to 30 October, highest count 16 on 25 April 稀少的過境遷徙鳥並及罕見的夏季紀錄, 出沒於淡水濕地, 日子在 3 月 9 日至 10 月 30 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 4 月 25 日的 16 隻 One at Shek O Country Club on 14 October was the only record. Estimated number of birds in recent years:

66 Black Bittern is mostly recorded in singles and twos although migrant flocks were seen over southern waters in 2008 and 2009, as with Von Schrenck s Bittern. Plate 8 Japanese Night Heron Gorsachius goisagi 栗鳽 Pak Tam Au, 15th December 2014 北潭凹 2014 年 12 月 15 日 Chung Yun Tak 鍾潤德 Japanese Night Heron Gorsachius goisagi 栗鳽 I EN Five records, two in spring and three in autumn; extreme dates 19 to 20 April and 10 November to 4 December. 五項紀錄, 兩項於春季, 三項於秋季 ; 主要在 4 月 19 至 20 日及 11 月 10 日至 12 月 4 日 An adult at Pak Tam Au, Sai Kung East CP, on 15 and 16 December (YYT et al.). This is the first record of this Endangered species since 1988 and a new latest date. Local villagers reported this bird had been present for between seven and ten days previously

67 Malayan Night Heron Gorsachius melanolophus 黑冠鳽 I Probably a rare but annual breeding species in undisturbed wooded areas, also a rare spring passage migrant, extreme dates 19 April to 27 October. 可能是罕見的繁殖鳥種, 也是罕見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在人跡罕至的林地, 日子在 4 月 19 日至 10 月 27 日之間 One calling at Crest Hill on 23 May was the only record. Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 夜鷺 I Common resident and migrant mainly in Deep Bay wetlands and at scattered breeding colonies, mostly around Starling Inlet and Tolo Harbour; highest count 2,500 on 21 January 1996, peak count since The Avifauna 727 on 11 February 常見的留鳥和遷徙鳥, 主要出沒於后海灣濕地及散佈在沙頭角海和吐露港的繁殖地, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 1 月 21 日的 2,500 隻, 自 香港鳥類名錄 後, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 2 月 11 日的 727 隻 Recorded from widespread sites and in all months with migrants, breeding and nonbreeding birds. First winter period: high counts 16 on Lamma on 5 January, 12 at Tai O on 3 February and ten at Kowloon Park on 23 February, 128 at Deep Bay and 30 at Starling Inlet in the May WC. Migrants on Po Toi and Tung Ping Chau in May. Breeding season: total number of nests recorded by the Egret Survey continued the recent recovery at 122 including 50 at the Tai Po Market colony. Non-breeding birds were present in Deep Bay in summer with peak count 176 in the July WC. Elsewhere, 11 at Starling Inlet on 13 July. Second winter period: high count 68 at MPNR on 5 September with 40 flying southwest at Pak Sha O on the same date. Away from Deep Bay, recorded in smaller numbers from Starling Inlet, Long Valley, Shing Mun, Yung Shue O and on Hong Kong Island, Lantau and Po Toi. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Very high counts of Black-crowned Night Heron occurred occasionally in the 1990s; these no longer seem to occur and numbers are now relatively stable

68 Striated Heron Butorides striatus 綠鷺 I Locally common summer visitor to the Deep Bay area but more widespread on migration and in winter at scattered coastal and inland sites; highest count 26 on 15 August 本地常見的夏候鳥, 出沒於后海灣, 但遷徙時, 出沒地區則較廣佈 在冬季時, 出沒地區也散佈在沿岸和內陸區域, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 8 月 15 日的 26 隻 First winter period: most records from MPNR with a high count of six on 26 May, singles at Pak Nai, Luk Keng, Lam Tsuen, Tso Kung Tam and Yung Shue O with migrants from 27 April to 20 May at Pui O, Cheung Chau, Tung Ping Chau and Po Toi. Breeding season: regularly recorded and proven breeding at MPNR with a peak count of eight. Singles also at Pak Nai, Nim Wan and Discovery Bay. Second winter period: regularly recorded, mostly singles, at MPNR, Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O and on Lantau. Peak counts in recent years: There has been a noticeable reduction in breeding season numbers for Striated Heron in the Deep Bay area since These were previously the peak counts for the year. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 池鷺 I Common in wetlands and damp areas, with winter, migrant and breeding populations occurring; highest count 684 on 14 January 常見於濕地及潮濕的地區, 在冬季時有遷徙及繁殖群體的出現, 最高紀錄為 1990 年 1 月 14 日的 684 隻 First winter period: high count 181 in the January WC with 34 in Long Valley on 21 January, 13 at Airfield Road on 26 January and 14 migrants passing Po Toi on 8 May. Breeding season: 346 nests recorded by the Egret Survey, 30% above the average number over the last ten years; the largest colony was 122 at Mai Po village. High count 320 in the August WC with regular reports of up to 26 from Long Valley. Second winter period: peak count 394 in the November WC with 49 at MPNR on 5 September and 27 at Long Valley on 21 October. Peak counts in recent years:

69 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Peak counts of Chinese Pond Heron have been stable since Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus coromandus 牛背鷺 I Common in widespread freshwater wetlands and short grassland areas, with winter, migrant and breeding populations; highest count 1,000 on 29 August 常見於各處的淡水濕地和短草草原, 在冬季有遷徙和繁殖群體的出現, 最高紀錄為 1977 年 8 月 29 日的 1,000 隻 First winter period: most records from San Tin, high count 130 on 30 April, MPNR, high count 35 on 12 May, Long Valley, high count 24 on 3 March and Pui O, high count 14 on 16 February. Migrants over southern waters from 8 April to 8 May with a single group of 96 at Tai Tam Reservoir on 1 May. Breeding season: only 18 nests recorded by the Egret Survey, the lowest ever count, confirming the declining trend over the last ten years. Peak count 199 in the July WC with 65 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 29 June. Second winter period: high count 138 in the September WC with 50 at Long Valley on 18 September, 33 migrants at Shuen Wan on 30 September, 30 at Yung Shue O on 4 October and 63 at Fung Lok Wai on 25 October. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Eastern Cattle Egret numbers are stable with occasional much higher counts Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 蒼鷺 I Common in wetlands and some coastal areas, mainly in the Deep Bay area, present all year with highest numbers in winter and very low numbers in summer; highest count 1,962 on 1 February 全年常見, 在冬季時數量最多而夏季時極少, 出沒於后海灣區域的濕地和沿岸, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 2 月 1 日的 1,962 隻 First winter period: high count 707 in the February WC with 61 at Nam Sang Wai on 6 January, 33 at Tai O on 31 January and 304 at MPNR on 5 March. Migrant flocks of up to 80 seen leaving MPNR and LMC between 12 and 19 March. Summer: recorded throughout summer, high count 13 at MPNR on 10 July. Second winter period: peak count of 831 in November WC with high counts of 245 at MPNR on 4 November and 39 at Starling Inlet on 9 November

70 Peak counts in recent years: 1,146 1,158 1,202 1, , A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 246 of the 2013 HKBR. Grey Heron numbers have been slowly declining since Purple Heron Ardea purpurea 草鷺 I Uncommon and present all year in the Deep Bay area with peak numbers during migration, highest count 50 on 11 October 全年但不常見, 在遷徙時數量最多, 出沒於后海灣區域, 最高紀錄為 1974 年 10 月 11 日的 50 隻 First winter period: up to four regularly recorded at MPNR. Singles occasionally at Nam Sang Wai, San Tin, LMC and Ho Sheung Heung. Summer: breeding confirmed at MPNR for the second year with two fledged juveniles. Second winter period: regularly recorded at MPNR with peak count ten on 13 October. Singles occasionally at Nam Sang Wai, LMC and Ho Sheung Heung, and also northeast NT at Tan Chuk Hang on 9 September and Nam Chung on 28 September. Peak counts in recent years: The numbers of Purple Heron are stable. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 247 of the 2013 HKBR. Great Egret Ardea alba 大白鷺 I Abundant, present all year in wetlands, mainly in the Deep Bay area although breeding populations are found mainly around Starling Inlet and Tolo Harbour; migrants and winter visitors occur; highest count 2,058 on 14 November 全年可見且大量, 同時也有遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 雖然繁殖群體多出沒於沙頭角海和吐露港附近區域, 但其主要出沒地點還是后海區域的濕地, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 11 月 14 日的 2,058 隻 First winter period: high counts 799 in the February WC and 119 at Starling Inlet in the March WC. Away from the Deep Bay area, 12 at Shatin Park on 19 January, 27 at Luk Keng on 23 February, 27 at Sok Kwu Wan on 14 April and nine migrants at Shek O on 6 May with smaller numbers at many other widespread locations

71 Breeding season: 113 nests recorded by the Egret Survey, an average number for the last ten years. A Chau and Tai Po Market were the main colonies. 777 at MPNR on 8 August was the highest count there all year. Second winter period: peak count 1,124 in the November WC. High counts away from Deep Bay included 84 at Shuen Wan on 20 September, 250 flying west at Pak Sha O on 3 October and 83 at Starling Inlet on 30 December. Peak counts in recent years: 1,429 2,058 1,565 1, , ,169 1, ,124 Great Egret numbers are stable following higher counts in 2003 to A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 247 of the 2013 HKBR. Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia 中白鷺 Uncommon, present all year, though rather few in summer, mainly in freshwater wetlands in the Deep Bay area; highest count 79 on 9 April 全年但不常見, 夏季時則較少, 主要出沒於后海灣區域的淡水濕地, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 4 月 9 日的 79 隻 Recorded at MPNR throughout the year. First winter period: up to 14 at MPNR in the first four months with a sudden increase to the peak count 55 on 12 May. Away from Deep Bay, regular records at Pui O with high count four on 29 April and one on Po Toi on 25 April. Summer: at least five over-summered in the Deep Bay area. Second winter period: 30 in the September WC was the high count. Away from Deep Bay, recorded at Long Valley, Starling Inlet, high count eight on 25 October, Lai Chi Wo, Shuen Wan, Pui O and on Po Toi. Peak counts in recent years Intermediate Egret has been recorded in higher numbers since Prior to that, peak counts were frequently below 20. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 247 of the 2013 HKBR

72 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 小白鷺 I Abundant, present all year in wetland areas throughout HK, mostly in the Deep Bay area; migrants and winter visitors occur; highest count 3,212 on 12 December 全年可見且大量, 同時也有遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒於香港全境內的濕地, 尤以后海灣區域, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 12 月 12 日的 3,212 隻 First winter period: high count 864 in the March WC with 262 at San Tin on 5 February. Away from Deep Bay, 134 on Lamma on 5 January with 75 at Lo Tik Wan and 57 at Sok Kwu Wan, 35 at Tai O on 31 January, 37 at Luk Keng on 23 February and occasional migrants seen offshore, mostly in April. Breeding season: 361 nests recorded by the Egret Survey was a highest ever total and confirmed an increasing trend. This species breeds widely in the New Territories with the highest count 80 at Mai Po village. Recorded throughout the summer at MPNR, Starling Inlet and Long Valley and Lam Tsuen, high count 845 in the August WC. 75 at Discovery Bay on 29 July. Second winter period: peak count 1,343 in the September WC with 283 at San Tin on 6 November. Away from Deep Bay, the highest counts were of probable migrants in September and October with 61 at Shuen Wan on 30 September, 61 at Starling Inlet on 12 October, 45 at Tai Po on 24 October, 30 at Yung Shue O on 4 October and 28 over southern waters on 25 September. Peak counts in recent years: 2,151 3,212 2,345 2,004 1,969 1,675 2,076 1,197 1,661 1,235 1,071 1,343 Peak counts for Little Egret have declined since the highest count in A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 247 of the 2013 HKBR. Pacific Reef Heron Egretta sacra 岩鷺 I Locally common resident in rocky coastal areas; highest count 18 on 21 January 本地常見的留鳥, 出沒於岩岸, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 1 月 21 日的 18 隻 Recorded throughout the year from Hong Kong, Lamma, Lantau and Po Toi Islands and in summer from the coastline and islands in eastern waters during breeding tern counts, peak count six on Po Toi. Occasional records from Pak Nai and Nim Wan

73 Plate 9 Pacific Reef Heron Egretta sacra 岩鷺 Po Toi Island, 21st September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 9 月 21 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Swinhoe s Egret Egretta eulophotes 黃嘴白鷺 I VU Scarce spring passage migrant with one recent autumn record, mostly to the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 5 March to 22 October, highest count 11 on 16 April Formerly bred. 稀少的春季過境遷徙鳥, 及只得一個秋季紀錄 主要在后海灣 日子由 3 月 5 日至 10 月 22 日, 最高紀錄為 1960 年 4 月 16 日的 11 隻 曾有繁殖紀錄 Recorded at MPNR from 22 April to 18 May, peak count four on 5 May. Two at Tsim Bei Tsui on 18 May. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts for Swinhoe s Egret are stable. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 247 of the 2013 HKBR

74 Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel 白斑軍艦鳥 I Scarce spring visitor with other isolated records and some long-staying individuals; most records are of immatures and occur in the first half of the year. 稀少的春候鳥, 有零星的紀錄和少數長居個體 ; 大部分紀錄皆為幼鳥, 同時皆在上半年錄得 A good year for records although probably only three or four birds involved, possibly fewer. In eastern waters, single immature birds from the Tung Ping Chau Ferry on 5 April with two on 4 May, at Sai Kung from 8 to 29 June with two on 17 June and at Tap Mun on 19 July. In southern waters, single immatures at Mount Davis on 1 May and the East Lamma Channel on 4 May. One at MPNR on 13 May. Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 普通鸕鷀 I Abundant winter visitor to ponds and inshore waters, mainly in the Deep Bay area; typically present from end September to April but with rare summer records, highest count 11,424 on 5 February 大量的冬候鳥, 罕見夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣區域的池塘和近岸水體, 通常出現於九月底至四月之間, 最高紀錄為 2005 年 2 月 5 日的 11,424 隻 First winter period: peak count 8,761 in the February WC, low by recent standards, latest date 9 June. An injured bird oversummered in Deep Bay. Second winter period: earliest date 10 August, high count 8,629 in the December WC. Away from Deep Bay, recorded at Long Valley with high count 25, Starling Inlet with high count 118, High Island Reservoir with high count 30 and several other coastal locations with lower counts. Peak counts in recent years: 7,959 8,964 11,424 10,347 10,081 11,144 8,736 10,758 10,023 9,636 10,569 8,761 Great Cormorant numbers increased substantially up to 2005, after which they have stabilised. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 247 of the 2013 HKBR. Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus 鶚 I Common winter visitor to wetland areas, mostly Deep Bay, typically present October to April, with a few individuals over-summering; highest count 26 on 18 November 常見的冬候鳥, 但有個別越夏紀錄, 主要出沒於后海灣區域的濕地, 通常出現在十月至四月之間, 最高紀錄為 2005 年 11 月 18 日的 26 隻

75 Recorded in all months, mainly from Deep Bay, with all Deep Bay WC high counts in the winter months January to March and October to December. First winter period: high count nine in the February WC with three at Tsim Bei Tsui on 5 April. Away from Deep Bay, recorded at Long Valley, Starling Inlet, Sai Kung West and East CP and several locations on Lantau. Summer: singles at Pak Nai and MPNR from June to August, and also at Discovery Bay in July. Second winter period: peak count 13 in the November WC. Away from Deep Bay, singles at Lai Chi Wo and Tai O. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. High counts in later years come from WB Counts which cover a wide area and double-counting can occur. Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus 黑翅鳶 I Uncommon visitor to open country throughout the year. 全年不常見的候鳥, 出沒於開闊原野 Single records at MPNR to 19 January, Long Valley from 20 to 23 January and San Tin from 25 January to 6 February, probably the same bird. Then singles recorded at MPNR on 19 April, 15 July and 4 October and at Long Valley on 9 October. Finally, single records at MPNR, Yau Mei San Tsuen, San Tin, LMC and Long Valley from 24 November to year end, at least two different birds involved. Crested Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus 鳳頭蜂鷹 I Scarce autumn passage migrant and rare winter visitor and spring migrant; extreme dates 29 August to 20 April, highest count six on 25 October 稀少的秋季過境遷徙鳥 罕見的冬候鳥和春季遷徙鳥, 日子在 8 月 29 日至 4 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 10 月 25 日的 6 隻 First winter period: one at Nam Sang Wai on 11 January is an unusual location for a winter record. Second winter period: singles at MPNR on 20 and 21 September with three there on 20 October, two flying south. One at Long Valley on 4 November

76 Plate 10 Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes 黑冠鵑隼 Hang Tau, 14th July 2014 坑頭 2014 年 7 月 14 日 John and Jemi Holmes 孔思義及黃亞萍 Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes 黑冠鵑隼 I Scarce migrant and summer visitor to shrubland and open woodland; extreme dates 11 April to 31 October with one February record, highest count 50 on 17 August 稀少的遷徙鳥和夏候鳥, 有一項紀錄在 2 月錄得, 出沒於灌木叢及開闊林地, 日子在 4 月 11 日至 10 月 31 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 8 月 17 日的 50 隻 One at Sheung Shui on 21 June with a family party of five, two adults and three juveniles, at Hang Tau near Sheung Shui from 12 to 15 July. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. Records of Black Baza have declined substantially since the 1990s, particularly early autumn flocks which were regular in the period 1988 to 2000 but now no longer seem to occur, as shown in Figure 2 below

77 Figure 2. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes 黑冠鵑隼 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela 蛇鵰 I Locally common, present all year and probably largely resident, in woodland; highest count ten on 24 March 本地常見且可能大部分是留鳥, 出沒於林地, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 3 月 24 日的 10 隻 Recorded in every month of the year and from widespread locations in north, central, east and southeast NT, HK Island and Lantau, peak count five at Pak Sha O on 5 April. Migrants on Po Toi on 23 March and 14 October. Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga 烏鵰 I VU Locally common winter visitor, largely confined to the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 9 October to 13 April, highest count seven on 12 February 常見的冬候鳥, 主要出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 10 月 9 日至 4 月 13 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 2 月 12 日的 7 隻 All records except one from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: recorded up to 5 March, high count three in the January WC. Second winter period: migrant on Po Toi on 26 October. Then recorded from

78 November at MPNR and LMC, peak count four in the December WC. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. Peak counts for Greater Spotted Eagle are stable. Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca 白肩鵰 I VU Locally common winter visitor, largely confined to the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 18 September to 17 April, highest count 21 on 27 February 本地常見的冬候鳥, 主要出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 9 月 18 日至 4 月 17 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 2 月 27 日的 21 隻 All records except one from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: recorded to 3 April, peak count four at MPNR on 13 February and 3 March. One at Kai Shan, Yuen Long, on 11 March. Second winter period: recorded from 15 November, the latest date since The Avifauna, at MPNR, San Tin and LMC, peak count four on 28 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. The numbers of Eastern Imperial Eagle have declined since the 1990 s when peak annual counts averaged ten. This may be due to the decline in duck farms in the Deep Bay area, a favourite source of food for this species. Bonelli s Eagle Aquila fasciatus 白腹隼鵰 I Uncommon and locally distributed resident in open country and upland areas of NT and Lantau; highest count three on 9 November 不常見但廣佈的留鳥, 出沒於新界和大嶼山的開闊原野和高地, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 11 月 9 日的 3 隻 Sightings of one or two in all months except June and July from locations in northwest and east NT and on Lantau. A first year bird fitted with a short-distance radio transmitter was photographed at MPNR on 14 October. No source for this could be found despite requests to local and international researchers

79 Plate 11 Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciatus 白腹隼鵰 MPNR, 14th October 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 10 月 14 日 Andy Li 李偉仁 This bird is carrying a short-range radio transmitter on its back. No source for this has been found. 這雀鳥個體背上裝有短距無線電發射器, 來源未能確定

80 Plate 12 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus 鳳頭鷹 Aberdeen CP, 5th February 2014 香港仔郊野公園 2014 年 2 月 5 日 Herman Ip 葉紀江 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus 鳳頭鷹 I Common resident in woodland throughout HK; peak count five on 4 February 常見的留鳥, 出沒於香港全境的林地, 最高紀錄為 1989 年 2 月 4 日的 5 隻 Recorded in all months and from widespread locations, peak count three. Eight recoveries at KFBG during the year

81 Chinese Sparrowhawk Accipiter soloensis 赤腹鷹 I Common passage migrant, sometimes in large flocks in spring; extreme dates 30 March to 6 June and 8 September to 19 November, highest count 1,440 on 15 April 常見的過境遷徙鳥, 春季期間有時大群的出沒, 日子在 3 月 30 日至 6 月 6 日及 9 月 8 日至 11 月 19 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 4 月 15 日的 1,440 隻 Spring: recorded from 5 April to 8 May, mostly singles, at MPNR, Lai Chi Wo and on Lantau, Cheung Chau and Po Toi, peak count seven at southwest Lantau on 6 May. Autumn: one on Po Toi on 18 September is the only record. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. Numbers are stable with occasional very high spring counts, usually weather-related. Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis 日本松雀鷹 I Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in autumn, and rare winter visitor, to open country and wooded areas; extreme dates 16 September to 9 May, highest count five on 27 October 主要在秋季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 也是罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒於開闊原野和林地, 日子在 9 月 16 日至 5 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 10 月 27 日的 5 隻 First winter period: one at north Lantau on 16 February. Spring passage from 23 March to 27 April, mostly singles, at Palm Springs, MPNR, Long Valley, Tai To Yan, Tai Mo Shan, Hong Kong Island, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count three at Mount Davis on 9 April. Second winter period: one trapped at MPNR on 5 September was probably excaptive. Recorded mostly in singles from 29 September to 2 December at MPNR, Long Valley, Cheung Sheung, Pak Sha O, Chek Lap Kok and Cheung Chau, high count two at MPNR on 29 November. One at Long Valley from 27 December. Besra Accipiter virgatus 松雀鷹 I Common resident and migrant in shrubland and wooded areas; highest count four on 5 January 常見的留鳥及遷徙鳥, 出沒於灌木叢和林地, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 1 月 5 日的 4 隻 Recorded in every month, mostly from MPNR and Long Valley but also northeast, central, southeast and east NT, Hong Kong Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count four at MPNR on 13 September

82 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus 雀鷹 I Scarce late autumn passage migrant with some winter and spring records, to lowland areas of NT, mainly Deep Bay; extreme dates 27 September to 25 April, highest count three on 18 October 稀少的深秋過境遷徙鳥, 有小量冬季和春季紀錄, 出沒於新界低地, 主要在后海灣, 日子在 9 月 27 日至 4 月 25 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 10 月 18 日的 3 隻 First winter period: two at south Lantau catchwater on 16 February and one at Luk Keng on 23 February. Second winter period: singles at MPNR on 13 October, Po Toi from 9 to 11 November, MPNR on 12 November, Lung Fu Shan on 21 November and LMC on 26 November. Eurasian Sparrowhawk has been recorded in increased numbers since 2003 although this may be related to improved identification knowledge and photographic equipment. Eastern Marsh Harrier Circus spilonotus 白腹鷂 I Common winter visitor to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 5 September to 9 May, highest count 11 on 7 January 常見的冬候鳥, 典型在 10 月至 4 月之間出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 9 月 5 日至 5 月 9 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1989 年 1 月 7 日的 11 隻 All records from MPNR unless otherwise noted. First winter period: recorded to 2 May, high count two in January WC. One at Tap Mun on 14 April is a rare record away from Deep Bay. Second winter period: recorded from 20 September; peak count three on 10 October. One at LMC on 22 December. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts and numbers for Eastern Marsh Harrier have been lower for the last four years. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 260. Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos 鵲鷂 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant, rare in winter and spring, to Deep Bay wetland areas; extreme dates 15 September to 23 April, highest count four on 28 September 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 在冬春二季則是罕見的, 出沒於后海灣濕地, 日子在 9 月 15 日至 4 月 23 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 9 月 28 日的 4 隻

83 Second winter period: recorded at MPNR from 30 September to 5 November, all juveniles, peak count two from 5 to 9 October. Single juveniles at Long Valley from 5 to 9 October and at LMC from 12 to 14 October, possibly the same bird involved. One at MPNR on 10 December. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts and numbers for Pied Harrier have increased since 2002, at least partly due to improved identification knowledge. Harrier sp. Circus sp. 鷂 A Harrier sp., possibly a hybrid Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus, was photographed at Long Valley on 5 April (SC). Black Kite Milvus migrans 黑鳶 I Abundant, present all year and widespread, with increased numbers in winter between October and March; highest roost count 1,150 on 30 December 全年可見大量且廣佈的鳥, 在十月至三月之間的冬季時數量有所增加, 最高紀錄為 1959 年 12 月 30 日的 1,150 隻 Recorded in every month throughout Hong Kong, peak count 68 in the October WC with 40 at Shing Mun on 19 November and 38 at Yung Shue O on 2 October. However, these are not truly representative of the Hong Kong population, as larger numbers are known to use regular roost sites at Magazine Gap, Stonecutters Island and elsewhere. 23 taken into care at KFBG during the year. Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus 栗鳶 I At least six birds including juveniles between 29 August 1987 and 13 October 1990; a small breeding colony may have established close to Hong Kong during this period. 至少六項紀錄包括 1987 年 8 月 29 日及 1990 年 10 月 13 日 ; 此段期間可能有一個繁殖群落於香港附近建立 A juvenile photographed at MPNR on 19 September (KL). This is the first record since

84 White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster 白腹海鵰 I Locally common resident in coastal areas, mainly in the eastern NT and Islands; highest count six on 14 June 常見的留鳥, 出主要沒於新界東部和離島的沿岸區域, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 6 月 14 日的 6 隻 Recorded in all months from widespread coastal locations including Deep Bay, Lai Chi Wo, Shuen Wan, Sai Kung West and East CP, Clearwater Bay, Tung Lung Chau, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma, Po Toi and Tung Ping Chau, peak count three. Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus 灰臉鵟鷹 I Uncommon spring passage migrant, occasionally in large numbers, with a few autumn records; extreme dates 13 March to 7 May and 29 September to 27 December, highest count 147 on 22 March 不常見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 偶有大群出沒, 也有小量秋季紀錄, 日子在 3 月 13 日至 5 月 7 日及 9 月 29 日至 12 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 3 月 22 日的 147 隻 Spring: one at Tai Tam Scout Camp in January and February was a sick bird and possibly ex-captive. Recorded from 22 March to 2 May from MPNR, Robin s Nest, Sai Kung, The Peak, Pui O, Shek Pik, Yi O and Po Toi, peak count only three. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 261. Occasional high weather-related spring counts occur; numbers of Grey-faced Buzzard in both normal and peak years may be declining. Eastern Buzzard Buteo japonicus 普通鵟 I Common winter visitor to open country and lightly wooded areas, extreme dates 4 October to 10 May; highest count 16 on 11 November 常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於開闊原野及稀疏的林地, 日子在 10 月 4 日至 5 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2007 年 11 月 11 日的 16 隻 Widespread records in both periods from north, central, east, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi. First winter period: recorded up to 3 April, high count five in the March WC. Second winter period: recorded from 9 October, peak count ten in the November WC

85 Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 261. High counts in later years come from WB Counts which cover a wide area and double-counting can occur. Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides 灰腳秧雞 I Locally common breeding season visitor, mostly heard calling, migrant and scarce winter visitor; extreme dates for calling birds 20 March to 14 July, highest count 17 calling at Brides Pool Road on 17 April 本地常見的繁殖季節候鳥 遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 紀錄主要是其鳴聲, 日子在 3 月 20 日至 7 月 14 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 4 月 17 日在新娘潭路的鳴聲紀錄 17 隻 Recorded from 4 April to 26 June, mostly calling birds from LMC, Lai Chi Wo, TPK Headland, Wonderland Villas, Yung Shue O and Pak Sha O. One photographed at Ho Man Tin on 9 November. Slaty-breasted Rail Gallirallus striatus 灰胸秧雞 I Scarce resident and passage migrant to wetland areas; highest count 15 on 1 June 稀少的留鳥及過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於濕地區域, 最高紀錄為 1969 年 6 月 1 日的 15 隻 Recorded in most months, mostly calling birds in March to June, from MPNR, Long Valley and Yung Shue O. Two adults with six chicks at MPNR on 28 July. Other records of singles at Tai O on 2 May, Sai Kung on 6 May and Kuk Po on 30 December. Eastern Water Rail Rallus indicus 普通秧雞 I Scarce winter visitor and migrant to wetland areas; extreme dates 3 October to 4 May. 稀少的濕地冬候鳥及過境遷徒鳥 ; 日子在 10 月 3 日至 5 月 4 日之間 First winter period: singles recorded to 17 March at Long Valley and to 16 April at MPNR. One at Wetland Park on 16 February. Second winter period: singles recorded from 31 October to 27 November at MPNR with three birds trapped, and from 8 November to 13 December at Long Valley. One at Lam Tsuen on 27 December

86 Estimated number of birds in recent years: Eastern Water Rail is being recorded in greater numbers since 2006, partly due to improved identification knowledge. A graph of estimated number of birds by year frpm 1990 to 2014 is given on page 261. White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 白胸苦惡鳥 I Common resident in low-lying, damp areas throughout Hong Kong, probably also with some migrants; highest count 75 on 12 January 廣泛分布於香港的常見低地及濕地留鳥, 亦可能有遷徒鳥 最高紀錄為 1969 年 6 月 1 日的 15 隻 Recorded in all months, mostly from MPNR and Long Valley, peak count 94 in the June WC, a new highest count. Other high counts 25 at MPNR on 22 September and 15 at Long Valley on 16 June. Away from Deep Bay, regularly reported from Starling Inlet, Lai Chi Wo, Lam Tsuen, Yung Shue O and from several locations on Lantau, high count five at Tai O on 6 May. Migrants on Tung Ping Chau on 10 May and Po Toi on 9 October. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 261. Peak counts of White-breasted Waterhen have been increasing since the 1990s. Baillon s Crake Porzana pusilla 小田雞 I Scarce passage migrant to marshland; extreme dates 15 April to 3 June and 15 September to 28 November. 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於沼澤, 日子在 4 月 15 日至 6 月 3 日及 9 月 15 日至 11 月 15 日之間 First winter period: one at MPNR on 7 May. Second winter period: juveniles at MPNR on 13 October, Long Valley on 20 October, two at LMC on 3 November and one at Long Valley on 28 November, equalling the latest date

87 Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca 紅胸田雞 I Uncommon migrant and winter visitor to freshwater wetlands; extreme dates 9 August to 5 May, highest count five on 8 January 不常見的遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒於淡水濕地, 日子在 8 月 9 日至 5 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 1 月 8 日的 5 隻 First winter period: one recorded to 14 April at Long Valley with two at MPNR on 21 February. One at Nim Wan on 7 May (DJS) is a new latest spring record. Second winter period: one taken into care at KFBG on 22 September was later released at MPNR. Recorded at MPNR from 30 September to 10 December including four birds trapped, peak count three on 11 November, and at Long Valley from 2 November to year end, high count two. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Ruddy-breasted Crake numbers have been increasing since 2007 with regular weekly counts at its strongholds of MPNR and Long Valley and greater familiarity with the call. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 261. Plate 13 Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca 紅胸田雞 Long Valley, 14th December 2014 塱原 2014 年 12 月 14 日 K C Kong 江覺忠

88 White-browed Crake Porzana cinerea 白眉田雞 I One record, 20 to 28 April 一項紀錄於 1991 年 4 月 20 至 28 日 One at Long Valley from 27 September to 4 October (AC et al.). This is the second HK record, and the first since Plate 14 White-browed Crake Porzana cinerea 白眉田雞 Long Valley, 27th September 2014 塱原 2014 年 9 月 27 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄

89 Watercock Gallicrex cinerea 董雞 I Scarce passage migrant to freshwater wetlands; extreme dates 31 March to 18 June and 20 July to 18 November. 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於淡水濕地, 日子在 3 月 31 日至 6 月 18 日及 7 月 20 日至 11 月 18 日之間 A breeding plumage male at LMC from 8 May to 3 July (MRL), a new July date, and another at MPNR on 6 August. One at Yung Shue O from 2 to 25 October and a female at Long Valley from 12 to 25 October. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 261. Watercock numbers have declined since 1984, the last year of regular summer records, and it is now mainly a scarce autumn passage migrant although the summer record this year is encouraging. Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 黑水雞 I Common winter visitor, breeding species and migrant in lowland freshwater pools and lakes; highest count 265 on 18 December 常見的冬候鳥 繁殖鳥種和遷徙鳥, 出沒於低地內的淡水水池和湖, 最高紀錄為 2005 年 12 月 18 日的 265 隻 Recorded in all months, mostly from the Deep Bay area, with the highest counts in winter. Peak count 125 in the January WC, the lowest for ten years, with high counts 48 at MPNR on 3 January, 24 at Starling Inlet in the January WC and 17 at Long Valley, where counts are less variable over the year, on 3 March. Also recorded at Yung Shue O, Chek Lap Kok, Pui O and a migrant on Po Toi on 12 May. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts for Common Moorhen have been decreasing since 2005 when they reached the highest count. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

90 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 骨頂雞 I Uncommon winter visitor to the Deep Bay area, although previously commoner; highest count 3,245 on 12 January 曾是常見現為不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 1 月 12 日的 3,245 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: recorded up to 18 March, peak count 48 in the January WC with the high count at MPNR of 27 on 29 January. One at MPNR from 18 May to 14 July. Second winter period: recorded from 21 September, high count 18 in the December WC with ten at MPNR on 22 December with three at LMC on 26 November. One at Shek O Country Club on 14 December is a rare record away from Deep Bay. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 247 of the 2013 HKBR. Peak counts of Eurasian Coot have fallen substantially from the 1980s and early 1990s, when peak counts were usually over 1,000. Yellow-legged Button-quail Turnix tanki 黃腳三趾鶉 I Scarce autumn passage migrant and rare winter visitor to open country areas; extreme dates 20 September to 10 April. 稀少的秋季過境遷徙鳥和罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒於開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 20 日至 4 月 10 日之間 One trapped at MPNR on 7 October. Singles at Long Valley on 14 and 26 October. One found dead at Long Valley on 20 November

91 Plate 15 Barred Button-quail Turnix suscitator 棕三趾鶉 Prince Edward, 11th October 2014 太子 2014 年 10 月 11 日 Chu Wai Ming 朱偉明 Barred Button-quail Turnix suscitator 棕三趾鶉 I Rare autumn migrant and winter visitor to open country areas; extreme dates 22 September to 4 February. One found after striking a glass wall at Metropark Hotel, Prince Edward, at night on 10 October (WMC) was released fully recovered the next day. Button-quail sp. Turnix sp. 三趾鶉 Singles at Long Valley on 4 October, Sandy Ridge on 8 October and Man Cheung Po, Lantau on 25 October with two at Tsim Bei Tsui on 19 October

92 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 黑翅長腳鷸 I Common winter visitor and migrant to wetland areas, often freshwater, with breeding records since 2003; highest count 870 on 7 March 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 自 2003 年開始有繁殖紀錄, 多出沒於淡水濕地, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 3 月 7 日的 870 隻 Another high peak count matching the increase in numbers of the previous eight years. Recorded in all months with most records from MPNR and Long Valley. First winter period: high count 222 in the March WC with 82 at Kam Tin on 26 January and 40 at Long Valley on 24 March. 25 at Tai O on 6 April. Breeding season: at least two pairs bred successfully at MPNR. High count 42 in the July WC. Second winter period: peak count 803 in the December WC with 75 at LMC on 6 October and 71 at Long Valley on 7 October. One was at Shuen Wan on 30 September. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Black-winged Stilt have increased since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 反嘴鷸 I Abundant winter visitor to the Deep Bay area, primarily intertidal areas, typically present October to April; has occasionally attempted to breed in recent years; highest count 16,123 on 13 January 大量的的冬候鳥, 主要出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 通常在十月至四月之間 近年有嘗試繁殖的紀錄, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 1 月 13 日的 16,123 隻 Another high peak count matching the increase in numbers of the previous seven years. All records from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley. First winter period: recorded to 16 June with peak count 11,794 in the January WC and high counts 4,042 at MPNR on 1 April, 33 at Kam Tin on 26 January and 13 at Long Valley on 20 January. Up to three remained at MPNR in July. Second winter period: 32 at MPNR on 25 August, high counts 5,314 in the December WC with 624 at MPNR on 4 November and 27 at Long Valley on 30 December

93 Peak counts in recent years: 5,864 3,980 4,490 5,813 11,957 16,123 13,061 13,883 11,693 14,604 9,840 11,794 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Numbers of Pied Avocet have increased substantially since the 1990s and particularly since Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 鳳頭麥雞 I NT Scarce winter visitor, often in flocks, to wetland in the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 6 September to 13 May, highest count 126 on 21 November 稀少的冬候鳥, 多成群出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 9 月 6 日至 5 月 13 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 11 月 21 日的 126 隻 First winter period: up to two at MPNR to 13 February with one at Long Valley on 4 January. Second winter period: up to two at MPNR from 15 October with up to two, probably the same birds, at San Tin, LMC and Long Valley in December. One at Chek Lap Kok from 10 November to 22 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Numbers of Northern Lapwing fluctuate although very high numbers in 1991 and 1992 with counts over 100 have not recurred since then. Grey headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus 灰頭麥雞 I Locally common winter visitor and migrant to grassy or wetland areas, particularly at Kam Tin; extreme dates 11 July to 29 May with one over-summer record in 2006, highest count 80 on 5 October 常見的冬候鳥及遷徙鳥, 出沒於草地或濕地, 特別是錦田, 日子在 7 月 11 日至 5 月 29 日之間及 2006 年一項度夏紀錄, 最高紀錄為 1960 年 10 月 5 日的 80 隻 First winter period: peak count 19 at Kam Tin on 26 January with 16 at Long Valley on 15 February. Up to two recorded at MPNR and San Tin, last record at MPNR on 10 May. Elsewhere, one at Pui O on 16 February and two at Chek Lap Kok on 18 March. Second winter period: one in the August WC was the first record. Then regular records, mostly at Kam Tin, MPNR, LMC and Long Valley with the high count seven at Kam Tin on 19 November

94 Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Grey-headed Lapwing have increased since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva 太平洋金斑鴴 I Common migrant, mainly in spring, and winter visitor with some summer records, mainly to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme dates 1 August and 20 June, highest count 900 on 13 April 常見候鳥, 主要在春季, 亦有冬候鳥及有少數夏季紀錄, 主要出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 8 月 1 日至 6 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 4 月 13 日的 900 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: high count 475 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 7 January and last record on 2 May. Singles at Long Valley on 24 March and 2 April and at Chek Lap Kok on 24 April. Second winter period: recorded from 8 August, peak count 500 in the November WC, last record on 10 December. Peak counts in recent years: Pacific Golden Plover numbers have been consistently higher since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 灰斑鴴 I Abundant winter visitor and scarce migrant to Deep Bay intertidal areas with regular summer records and occasional records at other coastal sites; highest count 751 on 28 January 大量的冬候鳥和稀少的遷徙鳥, 有恆常夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 偶有出現在其他沿岸地區, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 1 月 28 日的 751 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: peak count 840 in the March WC, a new highest count, with 833 in the January WC also exceeding the previous high count. One at Starling Inlet on 19 January. Two in the June WC and at MPNR on 4 August. Second winter period: high count 712 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 9 December. Seven at Starling Inlet on 30 December

95 Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Grey Plover have been consistently increasing since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Plate 16 Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 灰斑鴴 Mai Po boardwalk, 14th October 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 10 月 14 日 Andy Li 李偉仁

96 Plate 17 Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus 長嘴鴴 Kam Sheung Road, 8th February 2014 錦上路 2014 年 2 月 8 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus 長嘴鴴 I Three winter records; extreme dates 5 December to 20 March. 三項冬季紀錄 ; 日子由 12 月 5 日至 3 月 20 日 One at Kam Sheung Road drainage channel from 9 January to 23 February (JAA et al.). This is the fourth HK record and the first since Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 金眶鴴 I Common and present all year in lowland areas near water, scarce breeder; highest count 356 on 13 January 全年常見的鳥, 有稀少的繁殖個體, 出沒於低地和近水區域, 最高紀錄為 1985 年 1 月 13 日的 356 隻 Although the Deep Bay WC counts were low, there were some high counts elsewhere. Recorded in all months with most records from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley

97 First winter period: peak count 92 in the March WC with 66 at Kam Tin on 26 January, 49 at Nim Wan on 9 January and 34 at Airfield Road on 26 January. Two at Pui O on 16 February with up to two at Chek Lap Kok into April. Breeding season: present in small numbers at Pak Nai, MPNR and Long Valley although 30 at Long Valley on 29 July was a high count. Two at Chek Lap Kok on 20 August and seven at Shui Hau, Lantau on 22 August. Second winter period: 82 at Pak Nai on 6 September, 47 at San Tin on 28 October and 90 in the December WC. Peak counts in recent years: Little Ringed Plover peak counts were relatively stable until 2010 but have been lower for the last four years. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Plate 18 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 金眶鴴 MPNR, 17th March 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 3 月 17 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華

98 Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus 環頸鴴 I Abundant winter visitor and scarce migrant with some summer records, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 4,303 on 24 January 大量的冬候鳥及稀少的遷徙鳥, 有小量夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 1 月 24 日的 4,303 隻 A first successful breeding record of the ssp. dealbatus. All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: peak count 1,500 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 7 March with 1,230 there on 21 March and 1,150 in the March WC and last record on 2 May. Eight at Starling Inlet on 16 February. Summer: successful breeding of the ssp. dealbatus (Swinhoe s or White-faced Plover) in the New Territories, raising three young. This ssp. was first recorded in Hong Kong in Second winter period: high count 1,169 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 20 November. Six at Starling Inlet on 6 November. Peak counts in recent years: 950 2, ,094 1,766 4,303 2,877 2,640 3,221 1,500 Peak counts are relatively stable although Kentish Plover numbers can fluctuate considerably due to the identification difficulty of small waders at distance. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 248 of the 2013 HKBR. Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus 蒙古沙鴴 I Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in spring, and scarce winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 500 on 14 April 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1991 年 4 月 14 日的 500 隻 Subspecies of Lesser Sand Plover can be divided into two subspecies groups, which are treated by some authorities as separate species: the mongolus group (comprising mongolus and stegmanni) and the atrifrons group (comprising atrifrons, pamirensis and schaeferi). It is known that birds from both groups occur in Hong Kong, but identification features for field separation, especially in non-breeding plumages, are still not clearly understood. The seasonal pattern of occurrence of each group, therefore, is not entirely clear, but most birds, especially in spring, are from the mongolus group, while the atrifrons group (most likely schaeferi) appear to occur mostly in autumn and winter

99 其亞種可以分為兩個組別, 分別是 mongolus 組別 ( 由 mongolus 和 stegmanni 組成 ) 和 atrifrons 組別 ( 由 atrifrons pamirensis 及 schaeferi 組成 ), 部分權威機構則將之定性為兩個不同鳥種 已知兩個組別都有在香港出現, 在春季出現的多是 mongolus 組別的鳥, 而秋冬二季出現的多是 atrifrons 組別的鳥 ( 最可能是 schaeferi), 但兩者在非繁殖期羽毛的野外區分特徵卻未有清楚確立, 故其出沒的季節性模式還是未有全面的了解 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. Mongolus group First winter period: in winter, high count 13 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 7 January. Then recorded in spring at MPNR from 24 April to 22 May, peak count 28 on 24 April. Second winter period: in autumn, 11 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 21 October. Atrifrons group First winter period: in winter, five from the Mai Po boardwalk on 3 February. In spring up to three recorded from the Mai Po boardwalk between 23 and 29 April. One at Pak Nai on 5 May. Second winter period: two at MPNR on 14 August and three from the Mai Po boardwalk on 21 October. Records unascribed to taxon First winter period: winter high count 18 in the February WC, spring peak count 37 on 6 April, a low peak count, last record on 21 May. Second winter period: recorded at MPNR from 14August to 4 November, high count five on 23 October. One well photographed on Po Toi from 31 August to 10 September. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR. Peak counts for Lesser Sand Plover have declined since the 1990s when they were consistently in three figures

100 Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii 鐵嘴沙鴴 I Abundant passage migrant to Deep Bay intertidal areas, scarce in winter and some summer records; highest count 2,700 on 9 April 大量的過境遷徙鳥, 冬季時稀少, 有少數夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1989 年 4 月 9 日的 2,700 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: 67 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 3 February is another high winter count following similar records in In spring, peak count 361 on 11 April. One at Pak Nai on 4 May with two at Tung Ping Chau on 10 May. At least one oversummered. Second winter period: numbers increased from 25 July with high count 212 on 14 August and 66 on 20 November, a late high count. Five at Shui Hau, Lantau on 4 September with one on Po Toi on 9 September. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR. Peak counts for Greater Sand Plover have declined from the 1990s but have stabilised since Oriental Plover Charadrius veredus 東方鴴 I Scarce passage migrant to grassland and wetland areas; extreme dates 5 March to 2 June and 1 September to 27 October, highest count 28 on 24 September 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於草原和濕地, 日子在 3 月 5 日至 6 月 2 日及 9 月 1 日至 10 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1979 年 9 月 24 日的 28 隻 In spring, singles from the Mai Po boardwalk on 15 March and at MPNR on 24 April. In autumn, singles at MPNR on 16 September and Chek Lap Kok on 18 September. Estimates of number of birds in recent years: Numbers of Oriental Plover are stable. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR

101 Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis 彩鷸 I Locally common resident breeding species, in freshwater marsh and wet agricultural areas; highest count 70 on 13 November 本地常見的繁殖鳥種留鳥, 出沒於淡水沼澤和潮濕農地, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 11 月 13 日的 70 隻 Fewer records and smaller numbers than Recorded throughout the year from Long Valley, high count 14 on 12 January, and in winter months at MPNR, high count two, and at LMC, peak count 33 on 9 January. Successful breeding reported from Long Valley. Also recorded at Sha Ling, high count nine on 28 January. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR. Peak counts of Greater Painted-snipe have been relatively stable since Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus 水雉 I Uncommon migrant and rare winter visitor to freshwater marsh, has increased in recent years at MPNR and LMC; bred until late 1970s; recent highest count nine on 18 October 不常見的遷徙鳥和罕見的冬候鳥,1970 年底前有繁殖紀錄, 出沒於淡水沼澤, 近年在米埔自然護理區及落馬洲的數量有所增加, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 10 月 18 日的 9 隻 First winter period: one at LMC on 3 January. One at Wetland Park from 5 to 12 May, three at LMC on 8 May and one at Ho Sheung Heung on 19 May. Second winter period: up to two at MPNR from 26 September to 5 November,up to two at Long Valley from 14 October to 8 November, one at Wetland Park on 16 October, three at LMC on 23 October with one there on 19 November, one at Tsim Bei Tsui from 24 to 26 October and one at San Tin on 30 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR. Peak counts of Pheasant-tailed Jacana have been stable since

102 Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 丘鷸 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant and winter visitor, to wooded areas; extreme dates 28 September and 19 April, highest count seven on 17 December 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒於林地, 日子在 9 月 28 日至 4 月 19 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 12 月 17 日的 7 隻 First winter period: singles recorded to 21 March at Sha Lo Tung, Route Twisk, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O and Hoi Ha. Second winter period: main autumn passage from 5 October to 30 November with records from MPNR, Cloudy Hill, Tai Po Kau, Wonderland Villas, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Tai Tam CP, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi, peak count three. Birds taken into care at KFBG from To Kwa Wan and Jordan. One at Discovery Bay on 24 December. Estimated number of birds recorded in recent years is given below A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 261. Recorded numbers of Eurasian Woodcock have been increasing since the 1990s. Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura 針尾沙錐 I and Swinhoe s Snipe Gallinago megala 大沙錐 I In view of the extreme difficulty of field identification described in Leader & Carey (2003), records of these two species are combined. Only in-hand records or substantiated field records in which the diagnostic structure of the outer tail feathers is noted are considered sufficient for separation. Further work on vocalisations is required before apparent differences in call can be confirmed. Leader & Carey (2003) 指出在野外極難分辨二者, 因此將其紀錄合併 無論是已有的紀錄或是確認的野外紀錄, 只有其外層尾羽的結構分析被接納為分辨二者的充分條件 ; 至於二者鳴聲的分別則有待考究 Common/scarce passage migrant to freshwater marsh, wet agricultural areas and fish ponds, with highest numbers in autumn, scarce in winter; highest count 100 on 21 September 1996, extreme dates 26 July to 27 May. Pintail Snipe is believed to be more common than Swinhoe s Snipe, in a ratio of approximately 4:1 常見的過境遷徙鳥, 數量在秋季是最多, 夏季則稀少, 出沒於淡水沼澤 潮濕農地及魚塘, 日子在 7 月 26 日至 5 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 9 月 21 日的 100 隻 公認針尾沙錐較大沙錐為常見, 比例約為四比一 First winter period: recorded to 6 May at Long Valley, high count ten on 6 May, at Yung Shue O, high count four on 20 April, at Chek Lap Kok and at Pui O, high count two, and singles at MPNR, San Tin, Pak Sha O and on Po Toi

103 Second winter period: one at MPNR on 28 July. Then recorded from 15 August with most records from Long Valley, peak count 23 on 15 September, and MPNR, high count seven on 1 September. Singles also at Discovery Bay and on Po Toi. One Pintail Snipe was trapped at MPNR on 12 September. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts of Pintail/Swinhoe s Snipe have been declining since Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 扇尾沙錐 I Common winter visitor and migrant to freshwater marsh, wet agricultural areas and fish ponds, with extreme dates 19 August to 28 May; highest count 212 on 14 January 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒於淡水沼澤 濕農地和魚塘, 日子在 8 月 19 日至 5 月 28 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1990 年 1 月 14 日的 212 隻 First winter period: peak count 56 at Long Valley on 2 April with nine at Kam Tin on 26 January. Two at Pui O on 16 February and at Tsim Bei Tsui on 5 April with singles at Yim Tso Ha and Shek Kong on 25 January. Last record four at Long Valley on 12 May. Second winter period: earliest record on 9 September, high count 38 at Long Valley on 1 December with 30 at LMC on 23 October and 23 at Ma Tso Lung on 19 October. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts of Common Snipe have declined from the 1990s but have stabilised since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR. Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus 長嘴鷸 I Scarce passage migrant, mostly in spring, and winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme dates 4 October to 12 May, highest count three in several years in spring. 主要在春季稀少的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 10 月 4 日至 5 月 12 日之間, 連續數年春天最高紀錄為 3 隻 Another poor spring passage following the same in First winter period: one at MPNR from 1 to 6 April

104 Second winter period: one at MPNR from 12 to 23 October and the same or another there on 21 November. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus 半蹼鷸 I NT Common passage migrant in the Deep Bay area, mainly in spring, with three summer records; extreme dates 22 March to 8 June and 23 July to 13 November, highest count 540 on 2 May 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥, 有三項夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 3 月 22 日至 6 月 8 日及 7 月 23 日至 11 月 13 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 5 月 2 日的 540 隻 A much better year after a poor year in All records from MPNR. Spring: recorded from 1 April to 18 May, peak count 192 on 2 May. Autumn: one on 23 July equaling the earliest autumn date, Then recorded from 14 to 29 August, high count 20 on 24 August. One from 27 September to 23 October. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Asian Dowitcher are stable although occasional very high counts occur. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR. Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa 黑尾塍鷸 I NT Abundant passage migrant, mainly in spring, and winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas, with regular summer records; highest count 2,400 on 4 April 主要在春季大量的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 有恆常的夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 4 月 4 日的 2,400 隻 Another high peak count confirming the increase in numbers in recent years. All records from Deep Bay. First winter period: high winter count 700 in the February WC and peak spring count 1,750 on 13 April, last record on 18 May. Second winter period: recorded from 23 July, high count 606 on 23 October

105 High spring and winter counts in recent years: 721 1, , ,900 1,697 1,562 1,469 2,400 1,750 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ , Numbers of Black-tailed Godwit have been increasing since 2000 and are now back to the levels established in the 1990s. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 249 of the 2013 HKBR. Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica 斑尾塍鷸 I NT Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in spring, to Deep Bay intertidal areas, with occasional winter and summer records; highest count 400 on 14 September 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有冬季和夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1981 年 9 月 14 日的 400 隻 All records from Deep Bay. Spring: six from the Mai Po boardwalk in January and February. Main passage at MPNR from 30 March to 2 May with peak count 34 on 6 April. One over-summered. Autumn: numbers increased from 7 September, high count seven on 21 September, last record on 24 October. One at MPNR on 22 December. Peak counts in spring and autumn for Deep Bay in recent years: Numbers of Bar-tailed Godwit fluctuate considerably but appear to be stable A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR. Little Curlew Numenius minutus 小杓鷸 I Rare spring and autumn passage migrant with one winter record, to wetland and grassland; many early records from Kai Tak Airport; extreme dates 7 April to 2 June, 26 September to 29 October and 18 to 25 December, highest count 50 on 28 April 罕見的春季及秋季過境遷徙鳥及一項度冬紀錄, 在前啓德機場錄得多項早年紀錄, 出沒於濕地及草原, 日子在 4 月 7 日至 6 月 2 日 9 月 26 日至 10 月 29 日以及 12 月 18 至 25 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1985 年 4 月 28 日的 50 隻

106 Five photographed together from the Mai Po boardwalk on 5 April (KL), a new earliest date. One at Chek Lap Kok from 29 April to 1 May. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 中杓鷸 I Common passage migrant, mainly in autumn, and scarce winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas, with some summer records; highest count 320 on 25 April 主要在秋季常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 有小量夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 4 月 25 日的 320 隻 All records except three from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: 14 in the January WC declined to one in February and March. Spring migration from 14 April, high count 87 on 23 April. Five migrating over southern waters on 17 May. 21 over-summered in Deep Bay. Second winter period: autumn migration from 8 August with 123 on 25 August and peak count 185 on 5 October, a late date, numbers falling to three by 19 October. Away from Deep Bay, singles at Nai Chung on 20 August and Shuen Wan on 18 September. One on 22 December was the last record of the year. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR. Whimbrel numbers have been increasing since Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata 白腰杓鷸 I NT Abundant winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas with smaller numbers in summer; highest count 1,602 on 16 January 大量的冬候鳥, 夏季時有小量, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 1 月 16 日的 1,602 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area except one. First winter period: 1,039 in the January WC and peak count 1,237 at MPNR on 25 February gradually declining to 19 on 18 April. Up to 17 over-summered in Deep Bay. Second winter period: numbers building again from mid-july with a high count of 1,005 in the December WC. Four migrating southwest past Po Toi on 11 September

107 Peak counts in recent years: 1, ,292 1,087 1,049 1,116 1,065 1,075 1,602 1,380 1,440 1,237 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR. Eurasian Curlew numbers have been steadily increasing since the 1980s. Plate 19 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata 白腰杓鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 16th March 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 3 月 16 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis 紅腰杓鷸 I EN Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in spring, to Deep Bay intertidal areas, with occasional winter records; highest count 44 on 19 April 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有冬季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1988 年 4 月 19 日的 44 隻 All records from MPNR. First winter period: recorded from 21 March to 19 May, peak count five on 22 March. Second winter period: one on 4 August and two on 11 September were the only records

108 Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts of Far Eastern Curlew fluctuate but numbers appear to be stable. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR. Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus 鶴鷸 I Common spring passage migrant, less common in autumn and winter, mostly to the Deep Bay area; highest count 2,500 on 17 April 常見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 秋冬二季則較不常見, 主要出沒於后海灣區域, 最高紀錄為 1987 年 4 月 17 日的 2,500 隻 Another lowest peak count following the declining trend in recent years. All records from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley. First winter period: high winter count 117 in the January WC with one at Long Valley to 17 March. Numbers in Deep Bay increased from end March with 218 at MPNR on 1 April, peak count 257 in the April WC and 250 on 2 May, then falling rapidly with last record on 21 May. Second winter period: recorded from 7 September to 7 December, high count 95 in the November WC. Peak counts in recent years: 1,827 1,414 1,443 1,687 1,239 1, Spotted Redshank numbers have declined dramatically since 2009, before which peak counts of over 1,000 were regular. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR. Common Redshank Tringa totanus 紅腳鷸 I Abundant passage migrant and winter visitor to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 3,539 on 19 April 大量的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 4 月 19 日的 3,539 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: winter high count 406 in the January WC. Spring passage from 30 March with a high count of 893 in the April WC and 537 on 2 May. Three at Long Valley on 25 April. At least thirteen birds over-summered

109 Second winter period: autumn passage from 3 July with 514 on 23 July, 941 on 28 July, peak count 1,020 on 8 August and 622 on 7 September and 350 in the November WC. One at Long Valley on 2 September. Peak counts in spring and autumn and the January WC in recent years: 1, ,544 1,139 3, , , ,470 1,017 1, ,268 1, , Peak counts of Common Redshank appear to have been slowly declining since The decline is more evident in the spring count than the autumn count, and it may partly be because more birds are over-wintering and departing earlier. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR. Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 澤鷸 I Abundant winter visitor and migrant, mainly in spring, mostly to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 3,705 on 13 March 主要在春季大量的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 3 月 13 日的 3,705 隻 All records except one from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley. First winter period: recorded to 18 May, high count 1,467 on 1 April. Present at Long Valley to 14 April, high count five. One at Tai O on 26 April. Second winter period: recorded from 17 July, peak count 1,810 on 23 October. Recorded in Long Valley from 1 October, high count three. 33 at LMC on 6 October. Peak counts in recent years: 2,249 1,896 2,378 2,411 2,049 2,521 3,192 3,381 3,705 2,237 1,738 1,810 The increase in numbers of Marsh Sandpiper since 2000 has fallen back in the last three years. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR

110 Plate 20 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 青腳鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 5th October 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 10 月 5 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 The leg flags show this bird was originally flagged at Mai Po on 9th September 此雀鳥個體的腳旗是在 2013 年 9 月 9 日於米埔繫上的 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 青腳鷸 I Abundant winter visitor and migrant, mainly in spring, mostly to the Deep Bay area; highest count 2,516 on 19 April 主要在春季大量的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 4 月 19 日的 2,516 隻 All records from the Deep Bay and Long Valley areas unless otherwise stated. First winter period: high count 836 in the January WC with 994 at MPNR on 2 May. Recorded in the Long Valley area with three at Ho Sheung Heung on 31 March, the last date. Elsewhere, three at Luk Keng on 23 February and two at Yung Shue O on 20 April. At least 15 over-summered in the Deep Bay area. Second winter period: numbers increased from early July with 721 at MPNR on 8 August, peak count 1,275 in the September WC, 904 on 23 October and 735 in the December WC. Recorded in the Long Valley area from 5 August with high count three. Elsewhere, one at Tai O on 6 September and three at Starling Inlet on 21 September and 30 December

111 Peak counts in the first and second winter periods in recent years: ,112 1,233 1,522 2,516 1,337 1,976 1,710 1, ,229 1,128 1,307 1,816 1,278 1,398 1,330 1,022 1,173 1,319 1,293 1,275 Numbers of Common Greenshank appear stable after some higher counts between 2006 and A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 250 of the 2013 HKBR. Nordmann s Greenshank Tringa guttifer 小青腳鷸 I EN Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in spring, and scarce winter visitor, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 58 on 13 April 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 4 月 13 日的 58 隻 A poor year with low counts. All records from MPNR and the boardwalk hides. First winter period: one from 4 February to end March. Numbers then increased rapidly with five on 1 April to the peak count eight on 13 April and then ones or twos from 15 April to 26 May. A minimum of 14 individuals were believed to be involved, ther lowest since this statistic started. Second winter period: no records. Peak counts and estimated total number of birds in recent years: Numbers of Nordmann s Greenshank fluctuate but are broadly stable. All peak counts since 2007 have all occurred in the period 1 to 13 April. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR

112 Plate 21 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 白腰草鷸 Long Valley, 10th December 2014 塱原 2014 年 12 月 10 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 白腰草鷸 I Common migrant and winter visitor to freshwater wetland areas; extreme dates 6 July to 9 May with two June records, highest count 76 on 12 January 常見的遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒於淡水濕地, 日子在 7 月 6 日至 5 月 9 日之間及兩項於六月的紀錄, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 1 月 12 日的 76 隻 Recorded in all months except June. Widespread in lowlands of central and northwest NT, mainly in Deep Bay and at Kam Tin, Long Valley, Shek Kong and the Lam Tsuen Valley. First winter period: high count 18 in the March WC, 11 at Kam Tin on 26 January, five at Lam Tsuen on 2 February and ten at Long Valley on 17 March. Singles at Pui O on 16 February and at Mui Wo on 23 February. Second winter period: earliest record on 15 July, peak count 34 in the November WC with nine at Long Valley on 21 August, three at Nim Wan on 4 November, four at Airfield Road on 26 November and five at Lam Tsuen on 27 December. One at Lai Chi Wo on 13 December

113 Peak counts in recent years: There has been a slow decline in peak counts of Green Sandpiper since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR. Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 林鷸 I Common migrant and winter visitor to freshwater marshy areas; highest count 1,221 on 10 September 常見的遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒於淡水沼澤, 最高紀錄為 1998 年 9 月 10 日的 1,221 隻 Recorded in all months with most records from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley. First winter period: high counts 34 at Kam Tin on 26 January, 38 at Wo Shang Wai on 26 March, 146 at Long Valley on 2 April and 107 at MPNR on 9 April. Also recorded in small numbers at Shuen Wan, Lam Tsuen and Pui O. Second winter period: 252 in the August WC, 90 at MPNR on 16 September, peak count 333 at LMC on 6 October and 109 at Long Valley on 7 October. Peak counts in recent years: Wood Sandpiper shows relatively stable peak counts. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR. Grey-tailed Tattler Tringa brevipes 灰尾漂鷸 I NT Common passage migrant to rocky coastal and intertidal areas with occasional summer records; extreme dates 20 March to 26 November, highest count 554 on 16 May 常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有夏季紀錄, 出沒於岩岸及潮間帶, 日子在 3 月 20 日至 11 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1987 年 5 月 16 日的 554 隻 Another good year with another highest peak count since The Avifauna. Spring: recorded from 11 April to 10 June, peak count 239 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 16 May with three at Shui Hau, Lantau on 13 April, six at Nai Chung on 25 April, four at Yung Shue O on 26 April, 37 at Pak Nai on 4 May, one at Tai O on 6 May and nine at Tung Ping Chau on 10 May. Autumn: recorded from 24 July to 11 September, high count 19 at MPNR on 1 August with two at Nai Chung on 20 August, one at Shui Hau on 22 August and two at Pak Nai on 6 September

114 Peak counts in Deep Bay in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR. A decline in numbers of Grey-tailed Tattler in Hong Kong since 1995 has been reversed by recent higher counts. Plate 22 Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus 翹嘴鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 4th May 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 5 月 4 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 Although stained, the flags are blue with engraving EV over white indicating a bird flagged at Lake Torinoumi near Sendai, north Honshu, Japan on 2nd September 2013, the first sighting of a Japanese-flagged Terek Sandpiper in Hong Kong. 腳旗雖被沾污了, 但清晰可見是藍色並刻有 EV 字樣, 這代表牠的腳旗是在 2013 年 9 月 2 日於日本本州北部仙台市附近的鳥之海湖繫上的 這是香港首次紀錄繫有日本腳旗的翹嘴鷸

115 Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus 翹嘴鷸 I Common passage migrant, mainly in spring, with occasional summer records and rare winter records, in Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 590 on 24 April 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有夏季紀錄及罕見冬季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2007 年 4 月 24 日的 590 隻 Winter records for the second successive year. All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: winter high count 15 on 25 February. Numbers increasing from end March with peak count 303 on 18 April, 171 on 6 May, 115 on 5 June and last record 45 on 16 June. One at Tai Mei Tuk on 6 May. Second winter period: recorded from 24 July with high count 112 on 14 August and last record on 11 December. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts of Terek Sandpiper are relatively stable. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR. Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 磯鷸 I Common and widespread in wetlands, present all year though few in summer; highest count 154 on 14 April 全年常見但夏季較少且廣佈, 出沒於濕地, 最高紀錄為 2002 年 4 月 14 日的 154 隻 Recorded in all months although with fewer records in June and July, from widespread sites throughout NT and from islands. First winter period: peak count 92 in the April WC with 11 at Kam Tin on 26 January, 35 at Wo Shang Wai on 17 February and nine at Tung Ping Chau on 10 May. Second winter period: peak count 92 again in the November WC with 26 at Wo Shang Wai on 23 September. Peak counts in recent years: Common Sandpiper peak counts have been stable since The Avifauna. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR

116 Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 翻石鷸 I Passage migrant, common in spring, scarce in autumn and rare in winter, mostly in intertidal areas of Deep Bay; highest count 268 on 20 April 春季常見 秋季稀少 冬季罕見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 4 月 20 日的 268 隻 All records from MPNR unless otherwise stated. First winter period: recorded from 28 March to 22 May, mostly in low numbers but with peak count 19 on 23 April. Singles over southern waters on 26 April and at Pak Nai on 5 May with two at Shek O on 6 May and also at Tung Ping Chau on 10 May. Second winter period: up to two recorded at MPNR between 7 and 13 September. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR. Ruddy Turnstone numbers have greatly declined since the 1990s when peak counts regularly exceeded 100. Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris 大濱鷸 I EN Common passage migrant, mainly in spring, and scarce winter visitor, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 560 on 8 April 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 4 月 8 日的 560 隻 The lowest spring count since All records from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: winter high count 17 on 3 February. Then recorded from 10 March with 59 on 25 March increasing to the peak count 96 on 6 May, 78 on 13 May and last record on 15 June. Second winter period: recorded from 10 August with high count 84 on 21 September, 30 in the October WC and last record eight on 10 December. Peak counts in recent years all are first winter period counts: Numbers of Great Knot are relatively stable although with some recent low peak counts. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 251 of the 2013 HKBR

117 Plate 23 Red Knot Calidris canutus 紅腹濱鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 6th September 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 9 月 6 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 Red Knot Calidris canutus 紅腹濱鷸 I NT Common passage migrant, mainly in spring, and scarce winter visitor, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 200 on 6 May Two subspecies occur piersmai and rogersi separable only in breeding plumage in spring. 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1990 年 5 月 6 日的 200 隻 Another good year by recent standards. All records from Deep Bay. First winter period: winter high count five on 3 February. In spring, up to ten in April, then a sudden increase to peak count 96 on 6 May with 78 on 13 May, last record on 26 May. Both piersmai and rogersi recorded. Second winter period: recorded from 7 September to 7 October, high count four

118 Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Red Knot fluctuate but the last two years have been high after a poor period from 2008 to A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Plate 24 Sanderling Calidris alba 三趾濱鷸 Deep Bay, 7th May 2014 后海灣 2014 年 5 月 7 日 Martin Hale 夏敖天 Sanderling Calidris alba 三趾濱鷸 I Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in spring, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme dates 19 March to 8 June and 3 August to 22 November, highest count 67 on 4 May 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 3 月 19 日至 6 月 8 日及 8 月 3 日至 11 月 22 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 5 月 4 日的 67 隻 Another low peak count. All records from MPNR. Spring: recorded from 3 April to 11 May, mostly singles with a peak count of three. Autumn: one in the November WC was a late record

119 Peak counts in recent years: A rise in numbers of Sanderling in the mid-2000s appears now to have been reversed with very low numbers in recent years A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis 紅胸濱鷸 I NT Abundant passage migrant, mainly in spring, scarce in winter and occasional summer records, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 3,756 on 11 April 主要在春季大量的過境遷徙鳥, 冬季則稀少, 偶有夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 4 月 11 日的 3,756 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: winter high count three on 21 February. Increasing from late March with peak count 1,339 on 6 April, 939 on 6 May and last record on 1 June. Singles at Long Valley on 7 April, Nai Chung on 25 April, over southern waters on 26 April, on Po Toi on 1 May and three at Long Valley on 6 May. Second winter period: recorded from 7 September, high count 36 on 5 October, last record on 11 December. Peak counts in recent years: 2,302 2,239 1,909 1,478 2, ,700 3, ,770 1,339 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Red-necked Stint has generally shown an increase in numbers since the 1990s, although numbers were low in 2011 and Little Stint Calidris minuta 小濱鷸 I Uncommon spring passage migrant with three autumn and one winter record, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme spring dates 20 March to 8 June, highest count six on 25 April 不常見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 有三項秋季及一項冬季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 3 月 20 日至 6 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 4 月 25 日的 6 隻 All records from MPNR. Spring: recorded from 6 April to 13 May, mostly singles with peak count four on 18 April and three on 11 May

120 Autumn: one at the Mai Po access road from 22 September to 1 October is the third autumn record. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Little Stint numbers have been constant since Plate 25 Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii 青腳濱鷸 Long Valley, 23rd November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 23 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Temminck s Stint Calidris temminckii 青腳濱鷸 I Common winter visitor and migrant, mostly to the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 22 August to 27 May, highest count 152 on 18 October 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 8 月 22 日至 5 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 10 月 18 日的 152 隻 A low peak count. All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: high count 14 in the January WC. Six at San Tin on 25 January with one at Kam Sheung Road on the same date. Nine at MPNR on 21 February and

121 last record there on 1 April, an early latest spring date. Second winter period: recorded from 21 September, 14 at LMC on 26 November and peak count 17 from the Mai Po access road on 28 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Temminck s Stint numbers appear to be relatively stable although at a lower level than the 1990s. Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta 長趾濱鷸 I Common passage migrant, mainly in spring, and scarce winter visitor, mostly to the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 28 July to 27 May, highest count 175 on 13 April 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 7 月 28 日至 5 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 4 月 13 日的 175 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: recorded from 7 April to 13 May with high counts 16 at Long Valley on 21 April, 50 at San Tin and 20 at LMC on 30 April and peak count 64 at MPNR on 2 May. Autumn: 11 at MPNR on 14 August, then recorded from 16 to 29 September with high count 27 at the Mai Po access road on 22 September and one at Long Valley from 22 to 29 September. Two at Ho Sheung Heung on 10 November. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Long-toed Stint are relatively stable. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 斑胸濱鷸 I Rare passage migrant, primarily in spring, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme dates 1 April to 23 May and 20 September to 21 October, highest count two on 21 October 主要在春季罕見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 4 月 1 日至 5 月 23 日及 9 月 20 日至 10 月 21 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 10 月 21 日的 2 隻 One from the Mai Po boardwalk on 21 May, a late spring record

122 Estimated number of birds in recent years: all records since 2003 have occurred on spring migration Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata 尖尾濱鷸 I Common passage migrant, mainly in spring, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme dates 22 March to 9 June and 23 July to 2 December, highest count 300 on 10 May 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 3 月 22 日至 6 月 9 日及 7 月 23 日至 12 月 2 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 5 月 10 日的 300 隻 Another high peak count. All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. Spring: recorded from 25 March to 1 June, peak count 179 on 11 May. Singles at Chek Lap Kok on 24 April, LMC on 30 April, Long Valley on 3 to 6 May and Tung Ping Chau on 10 May. Autumn: recorded from 8 August to 10 October, high count three. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Sharp-tailed Sandpiper fluctuate but without any obvious trend. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 彎嘴濱鷸 I NT Abundant passage migrant, primarily in spring, occasional in winter and summer, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 10,982 on 17 April 主要在春季大量的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有冬夏二季出現, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2007 年 4 月 17 日的 10,982 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: recorded from 7 March to 28 May with highest numbers in April, peak count 5,760 on 14 April. Two at LMC on 30 April. Second winter period: recorded from 25 July to 4 November, high count 48 on 5 October. Peak counts in recent years: 4,535 6,000 3,947 4,151 10,982 9,012 9,168 9,296 5,794 6,147 5,440 5,

123 Numbers of Curlew Sandpiper are stable except for the high counts in the four years between 2007 and A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Plate 26 Dunlin Calidris alpina 黑腹濱鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 26th April 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 4 月 26 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 Dunlin Calidris alpina 黑腹濱鷸 I Abundant winter visitor and scarce passage migrant to Deep Bay intertidal areas; extreme dates 31 July to 20 June, highest count 5,845 on 9 January 大量的冬候鳥及稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 日子在 7 月 31 日至 6 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 1 月 9 日的 5,845 隻 Another high peak count. All records except one from the Deep Bay area. First winter period: peak count 4,192 in the February WC, numbers falling very rapidly in early March, last record on 30 April. Second winter period: one on 31 July equals earliest date. Then recorded from 7 September, high count 1,008 in the December WC. One at Long Valley from 14 October to 15 November

124 Peak counts in recent years: 2,430 2, , ,000 3,036 2,500 3,870 3,100 5,030 4,192 Numbers of Dunlin fluctuate but do not show a clear long-term trend. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 252 of the 2013 HKBR. Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus 勺嘴鷸 I CR Scarce spring migrant, with some autumn and winter records, to Deep Bay intertidal areas; highest count 13 on 3 April 稀少的春季過境遷徙鳥, 有小量秋季及冬季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 2005 年 4 月 3 日的 13 隻 A poor year with only two records. First winter period: one at the Mai Po boardwalk on 15 and 16 April. Second winter period: a juvenile at the Mai Po Boardwalk from 21 to 26 September and probably the same bird photographed at the Mai Po access road, an unusual location, on 29 September. Peak counts and estimated total number of birds in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR. Numbers of Spoon-billed Sandpiper have declined since the 1990s. Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus 闊嘴鷸 I Common passage migrant to Deep Bay intertidal areas, mainly in spring with some winter records; highest count 320 on 16 April 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥, 有小量冬季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1988 年 4 月 16 日的 320 隻 All records from MPNR. First winter period: winter records with eight in the February WC, then nine on 28 March and peak count 85 on 2 April, last record on 21 May. Second winter period: autumn passage from 7 September, high count 23 on 25 September, last record on 4 November

125 Peak counts in recent years: Counts of Broad-billed Sandpiper are have been stable since 2000 although generally lower than in the 1990s. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR. Plate 27 Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus 闊嘴鷸 Mai Po boardwalk, 4th May 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 5 月 4 日 Kinni Ho 何建業

126 Ruff Philomachus pugnax 流蘇鷸 I Scarce passage migrant to Deep Bay intertidal areas, rare in winter and one summer record; highest count 10 on 25 October 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 冬季罕見, 有一項夏季紀錄, 出沒於后海灣潮間帶, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 10 月 25 日的 10 隻 All records from MPNR unless otherwise stated. First winter period: recorded from 24 March to 1 May, peak count two on 14 April. Second winter period: singles at MPNR on 26 September and LMC on 10 October. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts of Ruff indicate a slow decline since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR. Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 紅頸瓣蹼鷸 I Common passage migrant, mostly to coastal waters but sometimes inland, with occasional high counts and rare winter records; highest count 2,490 on 5 April 常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有高數量紀錄, 冬季紀錄則罕見, 出沒於沿岸水域, 間中在內陸出現, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 4 月 5 日的 2,490 隻 Most records from MPNR, Long Valley, eastern and southern waters. Spring: recorded from 23 March to 19 May, peak count 435 in southern waters on 12 April with other high counts 320 in eastern waters on 17 April, 401 in Mirs Bay on 10 May and 233 off Po Toi on 12 May. Also 14 at Shek O on 6 May, one in Victoria Harbour on 8 May, 12 at Long Valley on 10 May and 14 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 16 May. Autumn: 206 at MPNR and 220 in Tolo Harbour on 16 September. Thereafter to 7 October at Long Valley, high count four, and 27 September at MPNR, high count eight. Two at Long Valley on 26 November. Peak counts in recent years: , , Numbers of Red-necked Phalarope are stable with occasional high counts. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR

127 Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum 普通燕鴴 I Passage migrant, common in spring and uncommon in autumn, to lowland areas of NT; highest count 530 on 5 October 為過境遷徙鳥, 春季常見, 秋季則不常見, 出沒於新界低地, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 10 月 5 日的 530 隻 First winter period: recorded from 20 February to 26 June, with most records from MPNR, high count eight on 31 March and peak count 16 including juveniles there on 16 June. Also recorded from Long Valley to 6 May, high count four on several dates, Chek Lap Kok to 25 April, high count two, southern waters between 8 and 12 April, high count six, and one at Shuen Wan on 9 April. Second winter period: all records from MPNR between 28 July and 23 October, high count six on 5 September. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Oriental Pratincole are stable with occasional very high peak counts. Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 白頂玄鷗 I No records. 沒有紀錄 A juvenile on Po Toi on 17 May 2006 (GW) during the passage of Typhoon Chanchu. This is the first record for Hong Kong. Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla 三趾鷗 I Rare spring passage migrant with some winter records; extreme dates 13 January to 22 May. 罕見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 有少數冬季紀錄, 日子在 1 月 13 日至 5 月 22 日之間 An adult in southern waters on 12 April. Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus 棕頭鷗 I Rare winter visitor and migrant to Deep Bay, extreme dates 21 October to 1 May; highest count three on 7 March 罕見的冬候鳥及遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣, 日子在 10 月 21 日至 5 月 1 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 3 月 7 日的 3 隻

128 All records from the Mai Po boardwalk. First winter period: an adult between 24 February and 18 March, an immature from 2 to 21 April and an adult from 5 to 16 April, probably a different bird to the first. Second winter period: a first winter on 21 November. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus 紅嘴鷗 I Abundant winter visitor to Deep Bay and coastal waters; highest count 20,629 on 13 January 大量的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣及沿岸水域, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 1 月 13 日的 20,629 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area unless otherwise stated. First winter period: peak count 9,000 in the January WC. 96 at Tai O on 31 January and one at Yung Shue O on 28 February. At least one over-summered. Second winter period: numbers increased from 5 September, high count 4,280 in the December WC. 20 at Starling Inlet in the November WC. Peak counts in recent years: 12,601 9,322 8,985 14,016 11,978 11,600 5,643 10,575 9,160 6,993 7,817 9,000 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR. Black-headed Gull peak counts have been declining over the past 20 years. Saunders s Gull Chroicocephalus saundersi 黑嘴鷗 I VU Common winter visitor to Deep Bay; extreme dates 5 September to 30 May, highest count 172 on 10 February 常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣, 日子在 10 月 23 日至 5 月 30 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 2 月 10 日的 172 隻 All records except one from Deep Bay. First winter period: peak count 56 on 22 February, last record on 7 April, an early latest date. Second winter period: first record on 4 November, high count 15 in the December WC. One at Starling Inlet in the November WC is a rare record away from Deep Bay

129 Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR. Saunders's Gull numbers have declined since the 1990s although they have stabilised since Pallas s Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus 漁鷗 I Scarce winter visitor and spring migrant to Deep Bay; extreme dates 25 November to 7 April; highest count four on 8 March 稀少冬候鳥及春季遷徙鳥, 出沒於后海灣, 日子在 11 月 25 日至 4 月 7 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 3 月 8 日的 4 隻 First winter period: a adult at the Mai Po boardwalk on 23 January, a second winter from 16 February to 2 April and an adult in breeding plumage there from 22 February to 3 April. Second winter period: a third winter at the Mai Po boardwalk from 21 November (DAD), an earliest date, to 22 December. Estimated number of birds in recent years: A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Pallas s Gull numbers have declined since the 1990s. Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris 黑尾鷗 I Common winter visitor to intertidal areas of Deep Bay and spring passage migrant to coastal waters; extreme dates 30 August to 10 June with two summer records; highest count 293 on 22 February 常見出沒於后海灣潮間帶的冬候鳥和出沒於沿岸水域的春季過境遷徙鳥, 有兩項夏季紀錄, 日子在 8 月 30 日至 6 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 2 月 22 日的 293 隻 First winter period: recorded in the Deep Bay area to 27 April, high count 40 at MPNR on 5 April and 86 flying north over LMC on 19 March. Elsewhere 16 at Starling Inlet on 25 February, an estimated 200 off south Lantau on 8 March, 35 at Tai Long Wan on 8 March, 10 at Cheung Chau on 9 March and 110 in the East Lamma Channel on 18 March. Second winter period: a first winter photographed in Mirs Bay on 21 July (IT) is the third summer record. Subsequently 12 on Po Toi on 4 November and one at MPNR on 23 December

130 Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Although in most years the peak count is below 50, there are occasional years with much higher counts. This may be related to observer effort in southern waters, where this species appears to be more common than in Deep Bay. Mew Gull Larus canus 海鷗 I As the full characters for separation of L.c. heinei are uncertain, only L.c. kamschatschensis and L.c. brachyrhynchus (one accepted record) are on the HK List although birds showing characteristics of L. c. heinei have been recorded nine times. 雖然顯示有 L. c. heinei 鳥種特徵的紀錄已有九個, 但由於其分辨特徵還未全面確定, 故在香港鳥種清單中只收錄 L.c. kamschatschensis 及 L.c. brachyrhynchus ( 有一項紀錄 ) 鳥種 Scarce winter visitor and spring migrant to Deep Bay with one autumn record; almost all firstwinters; extreme dates 10 January to 29 March and 15 to 16 November, highest count two. 稀少的冬候鳥及春季遷徙鳥, 有一項秋季紀錄, 幾近全部皆是第一年冬天的鳥, 日子在 1 月 10 日至 3 月 29 日及 11 月 15 至 16 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2 隻 First winter period: one first-winter kamtschatschensis at the Mai Po boardwalk from 1 to 6 February with two there from 22 February to 19 March. One at Tin Shui Wai on 16 March. Probably three birds involved. Second winter period: one at the Mai Po boardwalk on 15 and 16 November (DAD), the first autumn record. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Recent numbers are similar to those in the 1990s

131 Vega Gull Larus vegae 織女銀鷗 I Scarce winter visitor to Deep Bay; extreme dates 31 December to 3 April, highest count five on 29 January 稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣, 日子在 12 月 31 日至 4 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 1 月 29 日的 5 隻 First winter period: an adult at the Mai Po boardwalk from 6 to 24 January and another from 20 March to 4 April. Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans 蒙古銀鷗 I Uncommon winter visitor to Deep Bay and coastal waters; extreme dates 28 November to 17 April, highest count 25 on 13 March 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣及沿岸水域, 日子在 11 月 28 日至 4 月 17 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2000 年 3 月 13 日的 25 隻 First winter period: recorded at the Mai Po boardwalk from 25 January to 16 April, peak count eight on 4 March. Peak counts in recent years: Identification characteritics for large gulls in Hong Kong were established in the 1994 HKBR (Kennerley et al. 1995). Although numbers of Caspian Gull in the later 1990s were somewhat higher, they have remained fairly constant since Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus 灰背鷗 I Scarce winter visitor to Deep Bay and coastal waters; extreme dates 26 November to 3 April, highest count seven on 25 January 稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒於后海灣及沿岸水域, 日子在 11 月 26 日至 4 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2000 年 1 月 25 日的 7 隻 First winter period: up to two first winter birds recorded regularly at the Mai Po boardwalk from 1 February to 19 April. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts have been declining since the late 1990s

132 Plate 28 Heuglin's Gull Larus fuscus 烏灰銀鷗 Mai Po boardwalk, 6th March 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 3 月 6 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 Heuglin s Gull Larus fuscus 烏灰銀鷗 I Common winter visitor to Deep Bay and spring passage migrant to coastal waters; extreme dates 6 September to 30 April, highest count 865 on 28 January 常見出沒於后海灣的冬候鳥和出沒於沿岸水域的春季過境遷徙鳥, 日子在 9 月 6 日至 4 月 30 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2000 年 1 月 28 日的 865 隻 First winter period: recorded in the Deep Bay area from 19 January with 97 in the February WC, peak count 787 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 7 March and 80 flying north over LMC on 19 March. Elsewhere recorded at Chek Lap Kok from 28 January to 10 March, high count 80 on the first date. Ten in the East Lamma Channel on 18 February. A first year remained at the Mai Po boardwalk throughout the summer (DAD,JAA et al.), the first summer record. Second winter period: recorded from 23 October, high count 25 in the December WC. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts of Heuglin s Gull fluctuate but without any obvious trend. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR

133 Plate 29 Heuglin's Gull Larus fuscus 烏灰銀鷗 Mai Po boardwalk, 16th May 2014 米埔浮橋 2014 年 5 月 16 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 This bird, a first year, remained at the Mai Po boardwalk throughout the summer, the first summer record. 此雀鳥個體是首年出生鳥, 在米埔浮橋逗留了整個夏天, 亦是首個夏天紀錄 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica 鷗嘴噪鷗 I Common spring migrant, scarce in autumn, some summer records; mainly recorded in the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 1 March to 20 October, highest count 939 on 19 April 常見的春季遷徙鳥, 秋季時則稀少, 有小量夏季紀錄, 主要出沒於后海灣區域, 日子在 3 月 1 日至 10 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 4 月 19 日的 939 隻

134 All records from MPNR unless otherwise stated. Spring: recorded from 22 March to 30 May, peak count 342 on 17 April. Six in southern waters on 12 April. Autumn: recorded from 16 September to 4 October, high count two. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 253 of the 2013 HKBR. Numbers of Gull-billed Tern have been increasing since the 1990s. Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 紅嘴巨鷗 I Common spring migrant, scarce in winter and autumn. Most birds recorded in the Deep Bay area, but small numbers occur offshore. Highest count 164 on 8 April 常見的春季遷徙鳥, 秋冬二季時則稀少, 主要出沒於后海灣區域, 但有少數出沒於離岸海域, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 3 月 30 日的 150 隻 All reports from MPNR. First winter period: one over-wintered. An increase in numbers from 18 March with peak count 43 on 20 March and last record on 27 April. Second winter period: two on 31 July, one on 19 November and two on 23 December. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Caspian Tern are relatively stable with occasional higher counts A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 254 of the 2013 HKBR. Greater Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii 大鳳頭燕鷗 I Common spring passage migrant through coastal waters with occasional summer and autumn records; extreme dates 1 April to 3 October, highest count 52 on 9 May 常見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 偶有夏與秋季紀錄, 主要出沒於沿岸水域, 日子在 4 月 1 日至 10 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 5 月 9 日的 52 隻 All records except one from southern waters. Spring: recorded in southern waters from 12 April to 12 May, peak count 11 on 26 April

135 Autumn: one at Tap Mun on 18 August, six in southern waters on 23 August and two there on 6 September. Peak counts in recent years: Numbers of Greater Crested Tern have increased since 2006 due to greater coverage of southern waters. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2013 is given on page 254 of the 2013 HKBR. Little Tern Sternula albifrons 白額燕鷗 I Uncommon spring passage migrant through coastal waters and in Deep Bay, scarce in autumn with recent summer records; extreme dates 4 March to 20 June and 2 August to 9 November; highest count 400 on 2 May 1999 (Typhoon Leo). 不常見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 秋季時則稀少, 近有夏季紀錄, 出沒於沿岸水域及后海灣, 日子在 3 月 4 日至 6 月 20 日及 8 月 2 日至 11 月 9 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 2 日 ( 颱風 利奧 期間) 的 400 隻 Spring: recorded MPNR from 29 March to 30 May, peak count 11, and in southern waters from 26 April to 12 May, high count ten. Autumn: recorded at MPNR from 16 to 20 September, high count nine, with two in the East Lamma Channel on 16 September. Peak counts in recent years: The highest count of 400 in 1999 was typhoon related and exceptional. Other than this, the maximum count since 1990 is 60 in 2010 and numbers are stable. Aleutian Tern Onychoprion aleuticus 白腰燕鷗 I Uncommon passage migrant through coastal waters, mostly in spring; extreme dates 5 April to 7 June and 2 August to 15 October; highest count 865 on 2 May 1999 (Typhoon Leo). 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 主要出沒於沿岸水域, 日子在 4 月 5 日至 6 月 7 日及 8 月 2 日至 10 月 15 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 2 日 ( 颱風 利奧 期間 ) 的 865 隻 All records from southern waters. Spring: recorded from 26 April to 12 May, peak count 117 on 26 April. Autumn: recorded from 23 August to 16 September, high count 60 in the East Lamma Channel on 16 September

136 Peak counts in recent years: Aleutian Tern numbers are relatively stable with occasional very high peak counts, usually weather related. Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus 褐翅燕鷗 I Common summer breeder and passage migrant mostly in Mirs Bay and southern waters; extreme dates 12 April to 3 October; highest count 749 on 25 September 1993 (Typhoon Dot), highest breeding bird count in Mirs Bay 650 in summer 常見的夏季繁殖和過境遷徙鳥, 主要出沒於大鵬灣及南部水域, 日子在 4 月 12 日至 10 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 9 月 25 日 ( 颱風 黛蒂 期間 ) 的 749 隻 在大鵬灣繁殖鳥的最高紀錄為 2004 年夏季的 650 隻 Recorded from 26 April to 23 September. Summer surveys recorded peak counts of 60 in southeastern waters on 17 August and 510 at Shek Ngau Chau in northeastern waters on 31 August, with birds nesting at three localities (AFCD data). Survey coverage has increased substantially since Total breeding season peak counts in Mirs Bay and southeastern waters in recent years; (breeding season counts in southern waters started in 2010) Bridled Tern is the most common breeding species of the three HK breeding species. Numbers at Mirs Bay have now recovered since low counts in 2006 and Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii 粉紅燕鷗 I Uncommon summer breeder in southern and eastern waters; extreme dates 29 April to 29 September; highest breeding bird count in Mirs Bay 231 in summer 不常見的夏季繁殖鳥, 主要出沒於南及東部水域, 日子在 4 月 29 日至 9 月 29 日之間, 在大鵬灣繁殖鳥的最高紀錄為 1998 年夏季的 231 隻 Recorded from 20 May to 1 September, mostly from breeding islands in eastern and southern waters. In summer surveys, peak counts were eight in northeastern waters on 22 June and 131 in southeastern waters on 3 August, with nests found at three localities; also 105 birds in southern waters on 9 August (AFCD data)

137 Total breeding season peak counts in Mirs Bay and southeastern waters in recent years; (breeding season counts in southern waters started in 2010) Roseate Tern is the least common breeding species of the three HK breeding species. Counts in southern waters have increased breeding numbers substantially. Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana 黑枕燕鷗 I Common summer breeder and migrant in southern and eastern waters; extreme dates 6 April to 16 October, highest breeding bird count in Mirs Bay 333 in summer 常見的夏季繁殖及遷徙鳥, 主要出沒於南及東部水域, 日子在 4 月 6 日至 10 月 16 日之間, 在大鵬灣繁殖鳥的最高紀錄為 2012 年夏季的 333 隻 Recorded from 26 April to 13 September, mostly from breeding islands in eastern and southern waters. Peak counts in summer surveys were 121 in northeastern waters on 22 June and 139 in southeastern waters on 21 July, with nests found at nine localities; also 180 birds in southern waters on 9 August (AFCD data). Total breeding season peak counts in Mirs Bay and southeastern waters in recent years; (breeding season counts in southern waters started in 2010) Black-naped Tern is the second most common breeding species of the three HK breeding species. Counts in southern waters have increased breeding numbers substantially. Common Tern Sterna hirundo 普通燕鷗 I Uncommon passage migrant through coastal waters, extreme dates 22 March to 26 October; highest count 2,100 on 2 May 1999 (Typhoon Leo). At least two taxa occur: longipennis and birds from the tibetana / minussensis group, with the former dominating. 不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 主要出沒沿岸水域, 日子在 3 月 22 日至 10 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 2 日 ( 颱風 利奧 期間 ) 的 2,100 隻 最少兩個鳥種 : longipennis 為主,tibetana / minussensis 為次

138 Spring: singles on Tung Ping Chau on 5 April and from the Mai Po boardwalk on 25 April. Then in southern waters from 26 April to 12 May, high count 19 on the first date. Autumn: recorded from 17 August to 20 September at MPNR, high count 36, and southern waters, peak count 38 on 17 August. Elsewhere one at Mui Wo on 17 August and 16 in Shuen Wan bay on 16 September. Peak counts in recent years: The highest count of 2,100 in 1999 was exceptional and weather related. Occasional weather related high counts occur, as in 2006, otherwise numbers are stable. Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida 鬚浮鷗 I Common passage migrant, occasional summer and winter records; occurs at inland wetlands and coastal waters; extreme dates 8 August to 28 June, highest count 150 on 16 September 常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有夏及冬季紀錄, 出沒於內陸濕地及沿岸水域, 日子在 8 月 8 日至 6 月 28 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 9 月 16 日的 150 隻 All records from the Deep Bay area, southern and north eastern waters. Spring: recorded from 25 February to 15 June in Deep Bay, high counts 103 in the April WC and 75 at the Mai Po access road on 8 May, in southern waters from 26 April to 12 May, high count 12 at Cheung Chau on 8 May, and in north eastern waters from 6 May to 1 June, high count four in Tolo Harbour on the last date. Autumn: recorded from 10 August to 12 October in Deep Bay, peak count 250 at San Tin on 17 September (DJS), a new highest count, with two in Tolo Harbour and 10 in the East Lamma Channel on 16 September and one from the Discovery Bay Ferry on 1 October. Peak counts in recent years: Counts of Whiskered Tern have been increasing since White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 白翅浮鷗 I Common passage migrant, mostly in spring, with some summer records; occurs at inland wetlands and coastal waters, occasional large movements occur; extreme dates 1 April to 31 October, highest count 3,000 on 12 May

139 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥, 有少數夏季紀錄, 偶有大群遷徙現象, 出沒於內陸濕地 及沿岸水域, 日子在 4 月 1 日至 10 月 31 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1986 年 5 月 12 日的 3,000 隻 All records except one from the Deep Bay area, southern and north eastern waters. Spring: recorded from 23 April to 22 June in Deep Bay, peak count 450 from the Mai Po boardwalk on 10 May with 300 at Palm Springs on 9 May, 35 at Long Valley on 6 May, and in southern waters from 26 April to 25 May, high count 219 from Po Toi on 12 May with 73 in Tolo Harbour on 10 May. Autumn: recorded from 6 to 17 September at MPNR, Tolo Harbour and southern waters, high count nine at MPNR on 16 September. Peak counts in recent years: Peak counts of White-winged Tern fluctuate and are often weather related. Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus 中賊鷗 I Spring migrant through offshore waters, occasional autumn records often typhoon related, extreme dates 10 February to 16 May and 26 September to 5 November; highest count 47 on 26 October 1998 (Typhoon Babs). 出沒於離岸水域的春季遷徙鳥, 偶有與颱風有關的秋季紀錄, 日子在 2 月 10 日至 5 月 16 日及 9 月 26 日至 11 月 5 日之間, 最高紀綠為 1998 年 10 月 26 日 ( 颱風 寶絲 期間 ) 的 47 隻 Four in southern waters on 26 April. Peak counts in recent years Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus 短尾賊鷗 I Scarce spring migrant through offshore waters, extreme dates 4 April to 19 June; highest count 16 on 2 May 1999 (Typhoon Leo). 稀少的春季遷徙鳥, 出沒於離岸水域, 日子在 4 月 4 日至 6 月 19 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 2 日 ( 颱風 利奧 期間 ) 的 16 隻 Six in southern waters on 26 April and one there on 10 May. Peak counts in recent years:

140 Long-tailed Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus 長尾賊鷗 I Uncommon spring migrant through offshore waters, occasional autumn records often typhoonrelated, extreme dates 12 March to 3 June and 21 August to 5 November; highest count 69 on 5 April 稀少的春季遷徙鳥, 偶有與颱風有關的秋季紀錄, 出沒於離岸水域, 日子在 3 月 12 日至 6 月 3 日及 8 月 21 日至 11 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 4 月 5 日的 69 隻 Four in southern waters on 26 April. Peak counts in recent years: Long-tailed Jaeger is occasionally seen in large flocks although the Seabird Survey contributed to the higher count in Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus 扁嘴海雀 I Uncommon early spring passage migrant and rare winter visitor to coastal waters, extreme dates 22 November to 29 May; highest count nine on 19 February 在初春不常見的春季過境遷徙鳥和罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒於沿岸水域, 日子在 11 月 22 日至 5 月 29 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 2 月 19 日的 9 隻 Two in southern waters on 12 April and four there on 26 April. Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 原鴿 IIB Locally common resident, especially in urban areas, commensal with man. 常見的留鳥, 特別是在市區, 與人類社會共處 Most records from MPNR and Long Valley systematic counts. One showing Taiwan Racing Pigeon Association leg bands on Po Toi on 16 November. Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis 山斑鳩 I Common and widespread winter visitor to most natural or semi-natural lowland habitats, almost certainly breeds in the Deep Bay area in some years; largest numbers present November to February, highest count 706 on 3 January 常見和廣佈的冬候鳥, 出沒於低地中的自然或半自然環境, 幾乎可以肯定在有些年頭在后海灣區域繁殖, 在十一月至二月之間數量最多, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 1 月 3 日的 706 隻

141 Recorded in all months although with the most widespread records in January, February, November and December, and most summer records from northwest NT. Highest winter count only 26 at Nam Chung on 19 January with 25 at Shui Hau, Lantau on 8 February and at MPNR on 22 December. Peak count 61 at MPNR on 26 April, an unusual date for the peak count. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Peak counts of Oriental Turtle Dove have declined since the 1990s when high roost counts occurred. Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto 灰斑鳩 IIB Locally common breeding resident in the northwest NT, highest count 46 on 14 October 地區性的常見留鳥, 並在本地繁殖, 出沒於新界東北, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 10 月 14 日的 46 隻 Fewer records this year; observers are requested to submit all records. All records from northwest NT, peak count 28 at Lut Chau on 15 January. Singles at Tuen Mun on 21 April and Long Valley on 16 November and 2 December. Red Turtle Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica 火斑鳩 I Common passage migrant, mostly in autumn, and winter visitor to open country lowland habitats, especially in the Deep Bay area; extreme dates 26 July to 14 June, highest count 106 on 2 October 主要在秋季常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 主要出沒於后海灣區域的低地開闊原野, 日子在 7 月 26 日至 6 月 14 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 10 月 2 日的 106 隻 First winter period: recorded to 12 May with most records in April and all records from northwest NT, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi, peak count 25 at San Tin on 21 January. Second winter period: recorded from 24 September with most records in October and mostly from MPNR, San Tin and Lantau, high counts 16 at San Tin on 29 October and seven at Discovery Bay on 16 November. Four at She Shan on 7 October and singles on Po Toi on 30 September and at Yung Shue O on 22 and 25 October. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Peak counts of Red Turtle Dove have declined since the 1990s when high counts occurred at Mong Tseng pig farms. Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis 珠頸斑鳩 I Abundant resident in diverse habitats in urban and rural areas; highest count 138 on 5 February 大量的留鳥, 出沒於市區及鄉郊多樣化的棲息環境, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 2 月 5 日的 138 隻

142 Recorded in all months with most records coming from systematic surveys at MPNR, Long Valley, Lai Chi Wo, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O and from KFBG recoveries, peak count 91 at MPNR on 5 March, 61 at Pak Nai on 6 September, 33 at Lam Tsuen on 2 February and 25 at Shui Hau on 8 February. 75 birds were taken into care at KFBG over the year, 43 of these were successfully rehabilitated and later released. Plate 30 Barred Cuckoo Dove Macropygia unchall 斑尾鵑鳩 KFBG, 22nd January 2014 嘉道理農場暨植物園 2014 年 1 月 22 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 Barred Cuckoo Dove Macropygia unchall 斑尾鵑鳩 I Four records; extreme dates 6 December to 5 May. 四項紀錄, 日子在 12 月 6 日至 5 月 5 日間 A female at KFBG from 1 to 22 January (AB) and another female at Tai Po Kau from 1 to 9 February (KPK). These are the first records since

143 Common Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica 綠翅金鳩 I Uncommon but widespread resident, locally common in some areas, in closed-canopy shrubland and forest habitats; highest count seven on 11 July 不常見但廣佈的留鳥, 在本地某些地區則常見, 出沒於有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及樹林, 最高紀錄為 1982 年 7 月 11 日的 7 隻 Recorded in all months and from widespread locations in north, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Tung Ping Chau, peak count five at Pak Sha O. White-bellied Green Pigeon Treron sieboldii 紅翅綠鳩 I Six records from 23 October to 23 April. 五項紀錄, 在 10 月 23 日至 4 月 23 日之間錄得 One on Po Toi on 25 and 26 December (H&NM). Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 褐翅鴉鵑 I Widespread and common resident in lowland shrubland areas; highest count 26 on 23 May 常見和廣佈的留鳥, 主要出沒在低地上的灌木叢, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 5 月 23 日的 26 隻 Recorded in all months from widespread locations in NT and islands with most records coming from regular surveys at MPNR, Long Valley, Lai Chi Wo, Yung Shue O and Pak Sha O, peak count 29 at MPNR on 4 April (KL), a new high count, with 22 at southwest Lantau on 6 May. Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis 小鴉鵑 I Widespread but uncommon resident in areas of grassland or grassland/shrubland; highest count 13 on 16 April 廣佈但不常見的留鳥, 主要出沒在草原或灌木叢, 最高紀錄為 2007 年 4 月 16 日的 13 隻 Recorded in most months with most records from north and central NT, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count six at Tai Mo Shan on 19 April. Also regular records of singles from Yung Shue O and birds taken into care at KFBG including one from Central. Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus 紅翅鳳頭鵑 I Uncommon spring and summer visitor, scarce in autumn, to closed-canopy shrubland and woodland, most records in April to June; extreme dates 5 March to 19 November; highest count ten on 26 April

144 不常見的春候鳥和夏候鳥, 秋季時稀少, 出沒於有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 紀錄多在 四至六月間錄得, 日子在 3 月 5 日至 11 月 19 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 4 月 26 日的 10 隻 Recorded from 5 April to 22 July, many heard only, from north, central, southeast and east NT and Lantau, peak count two in several locations. A juvenile at Tsiu Hang on 24 August and an adult at MPNR on 4 October. Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus 噪鵑 I Common and widespread, recorded in all months though less frequently in winter, from urban and rural areas with trees; highest count 37 on 2 October 常見和廣佈的留鳥, 紀錄全年皆有但冬季則較少, 出沒於市區及鄉郊地區的樹木上, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 10 月 2 日的 37 隻 Recorded in all months and from widespread locations in NT and islands, peak count 22 at MPNR on 17 September. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Peak counts of Asian Koel have been increasing, possibly due to increases in parasatised species such as Black-necked Starling. Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus 八聲杜鵑 I Common, mainly recorded in spring and summer when calling and less frequently in autumn and early winter, in open lowland areas; highest count seven at Ho Sheung Heung on 24 September 常見的鳥, 主要是春夏二季的鳴聲紀錄, 秋季及初冬則較少, 出沒於低地上開闊原野, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 9 月 24 日在河上鄉錄得的 7 隻 Recorded in all months with most records in April, from north, central and east NT, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count five at Long Valley on 14 April. Fork-tailed Drongo Cuckoo Surniculus dicruroides 烏鵑 I Rare passage migrant, with nine records; extreme dates 16 April to 16 May and 21 August to 15 October. 罕見的過境遷徙鳥, 有九項紀錄, 日子在 4 月 16 日至 5 月 16 日及 8 月 21 日至 10 月 15 日之間 One singing at Pak Sha O on 28 April (GJC)

145 Large Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides 大鷹鵑 I Locally common spring and summer visitor to closed-canopy shrubland and woodland; extreme dates 8 February to 25 September; highest count ten on 22 March 本地常見的春候鳥和夏候鳥, 出沒於有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 日子在 2 月 8 日至 9 月 25 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 3 月 22 日的 10 隻 Recorded from 24 February to 30 June, mostly singing birds, from north, central, southeast and east NT and Lantau, peak count ten, equalling the highest count, between Lam Tsuen and Tai To Yan on 19 April with five at Wu Kau Tang on 26 May. One taken into care at KFBG from Pok Fu Lam on 12 August. Northern Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx hyperythrus 北鷹鵑 I Northern Hawk Cuckoo was admitted to the HK List in 2006 following a review of taxonomy and historical records of Hodgson s Hawk Cuckoo Heirococcyx nisicolor. Three historical records previously assigned to H. nisicolor were accepted as H. hyperythrus. The details appear in Leader 經檢查分類狀況及舊有的霍氏杜鵑 Heirococcyx nisicolor 的紀錄後, 北鷹鵑於 2006 年被接納為香港的名錄之中 以往的霍氏鷹鵑紀錄中有三項被接納為北鷹鵑 詳情見 Leader (2011) Three records; extreme dates 29 September to 27 October. 三項紀錄 ; 日子在 9 月 29 日至 10 月 27 日 A juvenile photographed at Mau Ping, Ma On Shan on 9 September (GCKL), is the earliest autumn record and the first record since Hodgson s Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx nisicolor 霍氏杜鵑 I Uncommon spring and summer visitor to closed-canopy shrubland and woodland with extreme dates of 21 March to 2 September, peak count three. 不常見的春候鳥和夏候鳥, 出沒於有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 日子在 3 月 21 日至 9 月 2 日之間, 最高紀錄為 3 隻 Another good year continuing the recent increase in records of this species. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Recorded from 23 March to 5 July from locations in northeast, central, southeast and east NT and Po Toi with most records from Ng Tung Chai, Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O and Pak Sha O, peak count three at Pak Sha O on 14 April and at Pat Sin Leng on 26 April. A juvenile at Tai Po Kau on 15 and 17 August. A Hawk Cuckoo at Mai Po on 10 October could not be positively identified as either Hodgson s or Northern, H. hyperythrus

146 Lesser Cuckoo Cuculus poliocephalus 小杜鵑 I Rare autumn passage migrant with one spring and two summer records; extreme dates 22 May to 4 July and 3 September to 16 October. 罕見秋季過境鳥, 有一項春季及兩項夏季紀錄 ; 日子在 5 月 22 日至 7 月 4 日及 9 月 3 日至 10 月 16 日間 This species is now more regularly reported. Most records refer to singing males which have a distinctive song now more widely recognised although it may also be more common. One photographed on Po Toi on 10 May (BC). Singing males heard at Wu Kau Tang on 18 May (CC) with the same or another at Bride s Pool Road on 19 and 20 May (J&JH), at Ng Tung Chai on 7 June (JAA), at Tai Po Kau on 14 June (KPK), and at Ng Tung Chai again on 19 July (JAA), the latest July date. A juvenile photographed on Po Toi on 14 September. Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus 四聲杜鵑 I Locally common spring and summer visitor to open woodland habitats; extreme dates 10 March to 10 August, highest count seven. 常見的春候鳥和夏候鳥, 出沒於開闊林地, 日子在 3 月 10 日至 8 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 7 隻 Recorded from 9 April to 26 June from widespread locations in north, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma, Po Toi and Tung Ping Chau with a peak count of four at MPNR on 1 May and on southwest Lantau on 6 May. Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus 東方中杜鵑 I Scarce passage migrant, extreme dates 26 March to 21 May and 28 August to 23 October; highest count five on 9 May 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 時間在 3 月 26 日至 5 月 21 日及 8 月 28 日至 10 月 23 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 9 日的 5 隻 Spring: singles at Shing Mun on 16 April, Lai Chi Wo on 24 April, Po Toi on 3 May, MPNR on 7 May and Po Toi again and Tung Ping Chau on 10 May. Autumn: one at MPNR on 9 and 16 September. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Autumn numbers of Oriental Cuckoo have declined since the 1990s

147 Plate 31 Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus 東方中杜鵑 MPNR, 9th September 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 9 月 9 日 Tam Sik Pan 譚錫朋

148 Collared Scops Owl Otus lettia 領角鴞 I Common and widespread resident in lowland areas of closed-canopy shrubland and woodland; highest count 11 on 17 April 常見和廣佈的留鳥, 出沒於低地上有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 4 月 17 日的 11 隻 Recorded in all months, mostly calling birds. Regular locations for calling birds were Lai Chi Wo, Wu Kau Tang, Ng Tung Chai,TPK Headland, Yung Shue O, Uk Tau and Pak Sha O, peak count five at Wu Kau Tang on 25 January. Birds taken into care at KFBG from urban locations in Kowloon and HK Island. Oriental Scops Owl Otus sunia 紅角鴞 I Scarce autumn passage migrant with one spring and one summer record; extreme dates in autumn 1 October to 18 December. 稀少的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 有一項春季紀錄和一項夏季紀錄, 時間在 4 月 11 日至 6 月 13 日及 10 月 1 日至 12 月 18 日之間 Two at Robin s Nest on 14 November was the only record. Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo 鵰鴞 I Scarce and locally-distributed resident in remote areas of hill slope grassland. 稀少而分佈在本地各處的留鳥, 出沒於偏遠地區山坡上的草原 Only three records this year, singles at LMC on 10 June, Hok Tau on 11 June and near Tung Chung on 10 July. KFBG recoveries from Lam Tin, Stanley and two from Lantau. Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis 褐漁鴞 I Scarce and locally-distributed resident at the interface of large freshwater streams and the coast or at reservoirs, both in areas of mature shrubland or woodland. 稀少而分佈在本地各處的留鳥, 出沒於淡水大溪流與海岸或與水塘接壤區域中成熟的灌木叢或林地 Singles recorded from Shek Kong, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, Pak Sha O, Yung Shue O and on Cheung Chau

149 Brown Wood Owl Strix leptogrammica 褐林鴞 I Scarce resident in Tai Po Kau and the Lam Tsuen Valley, first record on 18 March 於大埔滘及林村的稀少的留鳥, 首次紀錄於 2006 年 3 月 18 日 Heard calling at Tai Po Kau in March and October. Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides 斑頭鵂鶹 I Common though locally-distributed resident with most records from forest and open-country areas in the north and central NT; highest count six on 11 May 常見的留鳥, 雖然廣佈但主要出沒於新界中及北部的森林及開闊原野, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 5 月 11 日的 6 隻 Recorded in all months with all records except one from north and central NT, peak count five at Wu Kau Tang on 25 January, and summer records from Kam Tin, MPNR, Lai Chi Wo and Shuen Wan. One at Yung Shue O on 16 February. No records from islands. Northern Boobook Ninox japonica 鷹鴞 I Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in spring, to woodland and shrubland areas especially on offshore islands; extreme dates 24 March to 26 May and 3 October to 29 November, highest count five over southern waters on 5 May 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 多出沒於離島上之林地及灌木叢, 時間在 3 月 24 日至 5 月 26 日及 10 月 3 日至 11 月 29 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2007 年 5 月 5 日在南部水域錄得的 5 隻 Spring: Singles recorded on Po Toi from 28 April to 13 May, probably two birds involved. One taken into care at KFBG from Tsim Sha Tsui on 13 May. Estimated number of birds in recent years: A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 262. Records have increased significantly since 2005 with increased coverage of migration on offshore islands. Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus 短耳鴞 I Three records; extreme dates 13 November to 30 January. 三個紀錄 ; 日子在 11 月 13 日至 1 月 30 日間 One found in a distressed condition near Sok Kwu Wan, Lamma, on 18 December (SC),

150 later died. One at MPNR on 21 December (JAA). These are the fourth and fifth HK records, and the first since Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka 普通夜鷹 I Scarce passage migrant with some summer records, to areas of closed-canopy shrubland; extreme dates 1 February to 29 November; highest count five on 8 May 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 有小量夏季紀錄, 出沒於有濃密樹冠的灌木叢, 時間在 2 月 1 日至 11 月 29 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2001 年 5 月 8 日的 5 隻 Spring: regular records of birds calling at Bride s Pool/Chung Mei, Yung Shue O and Pak Sha O from 23 March to 27 April, peak count three at Bride s Pool on 11 April. Calling records continued at Pak Sha O on 15 May and 13 June. Autumn: singles at Yung Shue O on 19 August, Tsim Bei Tsui on 18 October and Lai Chi Wo from 14 to 30 November (LWF), a new latest date, with two on Po Toi on 28 October. One taken into care at KFBG from Tuen Mun on 6 October. Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis 林夜鷹 I Uncommon and locally-distributed resident in areas of lowland grassland; highest count 22 on 8 October 不常見和廣佈的留鳥, 出沒於低地草原, 最高紀錄為 2000 年 10 月 8 日的 22 隻 Recorded from 17 March to 19 November, mainly calling birds, from north, central and east NT and Lantau, peak count four at Ping Yeung on 3 November. Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris 短嘴金絲燕 I Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 29 August to 25 May. 稀少的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 8 月 29 日至 5 月 25 日之間 First winter period: one at the Mai Po car park on 23 January, one at MPNR on 13 May with three there on 16 June (JAA), a new latest spring date. Second winter period: two at Palm Springs on 1 August (DJS et al), a new earliest autumn date, with singles on Po Toi on 14 September, at Long Valley on 5 October, Mai Po car park on 27 October, Long Valley again on 4 November and the Mai Po access road on 27 December. Estimated number of birds in recent years: records have increased significantly since 2007, partly due to increased coverage of migration on remote islands although 2014 records were mostly in northwest NT

151 Plate 32 Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris 短嘴金絲燕 Po Toi Island, 14th September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 9 月 14 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Silver-backed Needletail Hirundapus cochinchinensis 灰喉針尾雨燕 I Scarce spring passage migrant with isolated summer and two autumn records and occasional high counts; extreme dates 2 March to 11 May, 8 June to 21 July and 29 September to 8 October; highest count 150 on 2 April 稀少的春季過境遷徙鳥, 有個別夏季紀錄 兩項秋季紀錄及偶有高數量紀錄, 日子在 3 月 2 日至 5 月 11 日 6 月 8 日至 7 月 21 日及 9 月 29 日至 10 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 4 月 2 日的 150 隻 One at Sandy Ridge on 19 March and one with probably another nine at Fan Lau, southwest Lantau, on 6 May, a late date. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 263. Numbers have declined substantially since the 1990s when counts regularly exceeded

152 Pacific Swift Apus pacificus 白腰雨燕 I Common spring passage migrant and summer visitor, some autumn and a few winter records, mostly to the Deep Bay area and islands; two taxa occur, the nominate on passage and kurodae breeding (Leader 2011); highest count 3,000 on 4 April 常見的春季過境遷徙鳥和夏候鳥, 有少數秋季紀錄及幾個冬季紀錄 主要出沒於后海灣區域及離島,Leader 2011 指出有兩個鳥種 : 指名亞種為過境鳥而亞種 kurodae 則在本地繁殖, 最高紀錄為 1987 年 4 月 4 日的 3,000 隻 Recorded from 1 March to 4 September with most records from Lantau, Po Toi and Waglan Island, highest passage count 18 at at southwest Lantau on 6 May with 18 at Waglan Island, where they breed, on 25 May. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 263. Peak counts of Pacific Swift are much lower than in The Avifauna period, when daily counts of over 400 were made on spring passage in the Deep Bay area in most years. The highest daily count since The Avifauna is 80. This change is shown in Figure 3 below Figure 3. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Pacific Swift Apus pacificus 白腰雨燕 House Swift Apus nipalensis 小白腰雨燕 I Abundant spring passage migrant, mostly to the Deep Bay area, and widespread common resident; highest count 3,000 on 18 March 1985, 30 March 1991 and 26 February 主要出沒於后海灣區域大量的春季過境遷徙鳥和廣佈常見的留鳥, 最高紀錄為在 1985 年 3 月 18 日 1991 年 3 月 30 日 及 1993 年 2 月 26 日錄得的 3,000 隻

153 Residents recorded in all months from widespread locations. Low counts of spring migrants with 200 at Tai Mo Shan on 12 April and the peak count only 250 at Nim Wan on 7 May. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 263. As with the previous two species, peak counts of House Swift are now much lower than in The Avifauna period, when daily counts of over 2,000 were made on spring passage in most years. The highest daily count since The Avifauna is 1,000 and and since 2006 is only 500. This change is shown in Figure 4 below Figure 4. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - House Swift Apus nipalensis 小白腰雨燕 Oriental Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis 三寶鳥 I Common and widespread passage migrant with one summer record; extreme dates 30 March to 5 June and 24 August to 28 November, highest count 16 on 21 April 常見且廣佈的過境遷徙鳥, 有一項夏季紀錄, 時間在 3 月 30 日至 6 月 5 日及 8 月 24 日至 11 月 28 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1988 年 4 月 21 日的 16 隻 Spring: recorded from 8 April to 13 May with most records from Ng Tung Chai, Lantau and Po Toi but also from Tai Po Kau, Tsuen Wan, Yung Shue O and Tung Ping Chau, high count five at Ng Tung Chai on 27 April and Po Toi on 8 May. Autumn: recorded from 2 September to 12 October with most records from Po Toi but also north, central and east NT, Lantau and Lamma, peak count ten at Ng Tung Chai on 24 September

154 Oriental Dollarbird is now recorded in higher numbers than in the 1990s, partly at least due to increased coverage of migration on offshore islands. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on Page 263. Plate 33 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 白胸翡翠 Wetland Park, 7th June 2014 濕地公園 2014 年 9 月 14 日 Arshad Kanzada White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 白胸翡翠 I Common and present all year, mostly in wetland areas, with numbers much reduced in the period April to June (breeds mostly away from wetlands); highest count 46 on 15 October 2000 and 18 December 全年常見的鳥, 多出沒在濕地, 四月至六月期間, 由於其多離開濕地繁殖, 故在濕地出現的數量大幅減少, 最高紀錄為在 2000 年 10 月 15 日及 2005 年 12 月 18 日錄得的 46 隻 Recorded in all months, mainly from regular counts in the Deep Bay area and Long Valley, Nim Wan, Lai Chi Wo, Tsing Yi Park and Discovery Bay but also other locations in central NT and Lantau, peak count 23 in the August and November WC. Breeding season records at Nim Wan, MPNR, Ho Sheung Heung, Tsing Yi Park, Tai Tong, Kwun Tong, Ap Lei Chau and Discovery Bay

155 Peak counts in the Deep Bay WC in recent years: this species has declined in Deep Bay although nunbers have now been constant for the last five years at a lower level Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata 藍翡翠 I Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor with occasional summer records in Deep Bay and relatively undisturbed coastal areas; highest count 20 on 19 October 不常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 偶有夏季紀錄, 出沒在后海灣及遠離人煙的沿岸地區, 最高紀錄為在 1986 年 10 月 19 日的 20 隻 First winter period: recorded up to 10 May with most records from MPNR, Starling Inlet and Lantau, high count three in the January WC. Singles at LMC on 8 May, the first there since 2009, and Yung Shue O on 10 May. Second winter period: one at Discovery Bay on 16 August was an early record. Then from 25 September, mostly from MPNR, Starling Inlet and Yung Shue O, peak count four in the October and November WC. Peak counts in the Deep Bay WC in recent years; this species has been declining in Deep Bay and probably elsewhere Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 普通翠鳥 I Common and present all year in wetland areas but peak numbers usually occur on autumn passage; highest count 72 on 14 October 全年常見的鳥, 過境時數量最多, 出沒在濕地, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 10 月 14 日的 72 隻 Recorded throughout the year from widespread locations in all NT regions and islands with summer records at MPNR, Long Valley, Ng Tung Chai and Ho Chung, peak count 53 in the November WC. Passage on Po Toi from 23 March to 12 May and 21 September to 30 October. Peak counts in the Deep Bay WC in recent years: numbers have been very consistent since The Avifauna

156 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis 斑魚狗 I Common resident in fishpond and other wetland areas, especially Deep Bay; highest count 34 on 11 June 常見的留鳥, 多出沒在后海灣區域的魚塘, 最高紀錄為在 2006 年 6 月 11 日的 34 隻 Recorded throughout the year with all records from Deep Bay, Long Valley and Starling Inlet, summer records at Wetland Park, MPNR, Ho Sheung Heung and Nam Chung, peak count 29 in the November WC. Peak counts in the Deep Bay WC in recent years: numbers have been consistent since The Avifauna Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus 栗喉蜂虎 I Uncommon passage migrant, extreme dates 4 April to 23 May and 25 September to 1 November; highest count 121 on 5 October 不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 時間在 4 月 4 日至 5 月 23 及 9 月 25 日至 11 月 1 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2007 年 10 月 5 日的 121 隻 Spring: recorded from 11 April to 14 May with most records from MPNR, peak count 57 roosting in mangroves on 14 April. Also recorded from Pak Nai, Tin Shui Wai, San Tin, Long Valley, Pat Sin Leng with 11 on 3 May, southwest Lantau and Cheung Chau with eight on 7 May. Autumn: recorded from 27 September to 24 October with all records from MPNR, high count 20 on the first date. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 263. Blue-tailed Bee-eater is now recorded in higher numbers than in the 1990s, mostly at MPNR. Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops 戴勝 I Uncommon winter visitor, migrant and occasional summer visitor, with two breeding records. 不常見的冬候鳥 遷徙鳥 和偶有的夏候鳥, 有兩項繁殖紀錄 First winter period: a wintering bird at Ko Tong Ha Yeung, Sai Kung West CP, remained there until 14 February. Singles at Ha Pak Nai and on Lamma on 5 January, Po Toi on 23 March and Ma Tso Lung on 23 April

157 Second winter period: one recorded regularly on Po Toi from 9 September to year end. Elsewhere singles at Mo Tat on 14 September, Chek Lap Kok on 21 October, Tai Sang Wai on 22 October and 4 December, Shek O Golf Club on 1 November with peak count three there on 4 November, Fung Lok Wai on 27 December and Shing Mun on 31 December. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 263. Eurasian Hoopoe numbers have been very consistent since Great Barbet Psilopogon virens 大擬啄木鳥 I Uncommon resident in mature secondary broadleaf forest in central and southeast NT, mostly Tai Po Kau. Appears to be declining; highest count 14 on 21 May 不常見的留鳥, 數量似乎在減少中, 出沒在新界中和東南部的成熟次生濶葉林, 主要是大埔滘, 最高紀錄為在 1994 年 5 月 21 日的 14 隻 Recorded in all months although most records were in the first half year, mostly of calling birds from forest areas of central NT, peak count four at Ng Tung Chai on 27 April. Also recorded at Lai Chi Wo, Cloudy Hill, Ma On Shan CP, Clearwater Bay, Sai Kung West and East CP. Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber 黑眉擬啄木鳥 I No records. 沒有紀錄 One at Tai Po Kau on 31 December (YYT et al.). This is the first record for Hong Kong. Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla 蟻鴷 I Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor to lightly wooded areas; extreme dates 28 August to 23 April, highest count four on 1 April 不常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地, 時間在 8 月 28 日至 4 月 23 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1978 年 4 月 1 日的 4 隻 First winter period: singles in January at the Mai Po access road and Chek Lap Kok and in February at Tai O. One trapped at MPNR on 25 March with two trapped there on 4 April. Second winter period: recorded from 19 September to year end with most records in October, mostly from MPNR, Long Valley and Chek Lap Kok, but also Nam Sang Wai, LMC, Lai Chi Wo, Ng Tung Chai, Yung Shue O and Tai O, peak count two. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 263. Eurasian Wryneck numbers have been very consistent since the 1990s

158 Plate 34 Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus 斑姬啄木鳥 Tai Po Kau, 19th April 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 4 月 19 日 Kinni Ho 何建業 Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus 斑姬啄木鳥 I Probably now a rare resident at Tai Po Kau and possibly other woodland and shrubland sites. 現時可能是罕見的留鳥, 主要在大埔滘, 亦可能在其他地方 Recorded at Tai Po Kau in all months except June and July, peak count two on 1 May. Also recorded at Lau Shui Heung in January, Ng Tung Chai in July and Ho Pui in December. Speckled Piculet has now been recorded at ten different locations in north, central and southeast NT since the first record in 1996 and is now well established although infrequently seen. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

159 Plate 35 Bay Woodpecker Blythipicus pyrrhotis 黃嘴栗啄木鳥 Tai Po Kau, 29th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 29 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 Bay Woodpecker Blythipicus pyrrhotis 黃嘴栗啄木鳥 I Rare resident of mature broadleaf secondary forest with most records from Tai Po Kau. 罕見的留鳥, 出沒在成熟的次生濶葉林, 紀錄主要在大埔滘錄得 Recorded from Tai Po Kau in all months, peak count two, with one at Shing Mun on 31 December. Records at Bride s Pool on 23 January and Shui Long Wo, Sai Kung, on 9 October may indicate a spread from the core area of central NT although one trapped at MPNR on 18 September (JAA,PJL,DJS,KL) was completely unexpected. Bay Woodpecker is now well established in Hong Kong. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

160 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 紅隼 I Common autumn migrant and winter visitor, mainly from October to March, to open country; extreme dates 5 September to 22 May with three summer records, highest count ten on 6 November 常見的秋季遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 有一項夏季紀錄, 主要在十月至三月之間出沒於開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 5 日至 5 月 22 日之間並有三個夏季紀錄, 最高紀錄為 1968 年 11 月 6 日的 10 隻 First winter period: recorded to 12 April with most records from Long Valley but also San Tin, Shek Kong, Tai Mo Shan, several locations in Kowloon, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count two. Second winter period: mostly singles recorded from 23 September with most records in October and November and mostly from Long Valley, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count two. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 264. Peak counts have been lower since Common Kestrel is an autumn migrant and winter visitor and the decline is in autumn migrants; winter visitors show similar numbers over these two periods, as shown in Figure 5 below Figure 5. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 紅隼

161 Amur Falcon Falco amurensis 阿穆爾隼 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant with one spring record, extreme dates 19 to 20 May and 3 October to 21 November; highest count 97 on 17 October 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 有一項春季紀錄, 日子在 5 月 19 日至 20 日及 10 月 3 日至 11 月 21 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 10 月 17 日的 97 隻 Recorded from 12 October to 25 November (GW), a new latest date, mostly from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley but also Chuen Lung, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, The Peak, Chek Lap Kok, Cheung Chau and Po Toi. Some large flocks again recorded, peak count a flock of 55 at MPNR on 4 November, the second highest count on record after the highest in 2013, with 12 at Tsim Bei Tsui on 19 October and ten at Long Valley on 4 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 264. Amur Falcon numbers and peak counts have been increasing since the first record in 1999, partly due to greater observer familiarity with the species although recent very high counts suggest a real increase. Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo 燕隼 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant, scarce in spring and summer, to open country areas; extreme dates 23 March to 5 November; highest count six on 26 April 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 在春夏二季則稀少, 出沒於開闊原野, 日子在 3 月 23 日至 11 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1980 年 4 月 26 日的 6 隻 Spring: recorded from 7 April to 12 June, mostly singles at MPNR but also at LMC, Long Valley, Tai Tong, Ng Tung Chai and Mount Davis with two at Tai Mo Shan on 27 April and Wun Yiu on 18 May. Autumn: four juveniles at Wun Yiu on 11 August suggest breeding in the area. An adult at Hang Tau also on 11 August, then recorded from 22 August to 26 October, mostly singles at MPNR and Long Valley, also Tsim Bei Tsui, Wo Shang Wai, Yung Shue O and two on Po Toi on 12 October. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 264. Eurasian Hobby numbers have recovered in the last two years. Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 遊隼 I Locally common resident subspecies peregrinator with migrant northerly taxa in winter; highest count three. 亞種 peregrinator 為本地常見的留鳥, 冬季時亦有從北方而來的亞種, 最高紀錄為 3 隻 Recorded in all months except July from widespread locations in north, central and east NT and islands including HK Island, peak count two. Few summer records this year although this may be related to observer coverage

162 Plate 36 Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo 燕隼 MPNR, 17th September 2014 米埔自然護理區 2014 年 9 月 17 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 Yellow-crested Cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea 小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡 IIB CR (for native population) Locally common resident, mostly recorded on Hong Kong Island. 本地常見的留鳥, 主要出沒在香港島 Recorded from various locations on Hong Kong Island including Hong Kong and Victoria Parks and the Aberdeen/Ap Lai Chau area, peak count 30 at HK Park with 22 at Ap Lei Chau. One at MPNR on 11 April, an unusual record away from the urban area

163 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria 亞歷山大鸚鵡 IIB NT (for native population) Locally common resident at Kowloon Park. 於九龍公園為局部地區性留鳥 Recorded in most months at Kowloon Park by the Crested Bulbul Club weekly guided tours, peak count 12. Also recorded at MPNR and Long Valley between 28 April and 19 December, high count eight at Long Valley on 28 April with nine at Ha Shan Kai Wat near Ping Che on 25 November. Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri 紅領綠鸚鵡 IIB Locally common resident, mostly recorded on Hong Kong Island, has declined considerably since 本地常見的留鳥, 主要出沒在香港島, 數量自 1980 年開始顯著下降 Recorded occasionally at HK Park by the Crested Bulbul Club guided tours, peak count eight. Fairy Pitta Pitta nympha 仙八色鶇 I VU Rare spring and autumn passage migrant; extreme dates 10 April to 6 May and 26 August to 29 September with one summer record in 罕見的春季和秋季過境遷徙鳥, 日子在 4 月 10 日至 5 月 6 日及 8 月 26 日至 9 月 29 日之間並在 1967 年有一個夏季紀錄 Spring: one on Po Toi on 8 May (GW), a new latest date. Autumn: one photographed in a Wanchai school on 12 September. One on Po Toi on 13 September. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Black-winged Cuckooshrike Coracina melaschistos 暗灰鵑鵙 I Common passage migrant and scarce winter visitor to closed and open woodland; extreme dates 1 September to 26 May, highest count four on 3 October 常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在密閉和開闊的林地, 時間在 9 月 1 日至 5 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1994 年 10 月 3 日的 4 隻

164 First winter period: recorded to 24 April with most records from Tai Po Kau including TPK Headland and on Lantau, high count two. Second winter period: recorded from 9 September from more widespread locations including MPNR, Ng Tung Chai, Shing Mun, Yung Shue O, north Kowloon and Po Toi as well as Tai Po Kau and Lantau, peak count three in several locations. Swinhoe s Minivet Pericrocotus cantonensis 小灰山椒鳥 I Scarce passage migrant to open woodland, extreme dates 26 March to 5 May and 1 October to 25 November; highest count 13 on 8 October 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在開闊的林地, 時間在 3 月 26 日至 5 月 5 日及 10 月 1 日至 11 月 25 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1998 年 10 月 8 日的 13 隻 A more typical year after a very good year in Spring: two on Po Toi from 3 to 8 April with one there on 26 April. Autumn: one at Pak Sha O on 11 October. Estimated number of birds in recent years: A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 264. Increased numbers in recent years are probably due to a better understanding of identification of this species. Hybrid Rosy x Swinhoe s Minivet Pericrocotus roseus x cantonensis 粉紅 / 小灰山椒鳥 A female hybrid Rosy x Swinhoe s Minivet was on Po Toi on 10 October 2010 (YML,TC). Hybrids between these two species are frequently called Stanford s Minivet. This record was published as Swinhoe's Minivet in the Bird Report. Ashy Minivet Pericrocotus divaricatus 灰山椒鳥 I Uncommon passage migrant, mostly in spring, to woodland areas, extreme dates 18 March to 21 May and 7 September to 27 November; highest count 55 on 9 April 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 時間在 3 月 18 日至 5 月 21 日及 9 月 7 日至 11 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 4 月 9 日的 55 隻

165 Spring: recorded from 25 March to 8 April at Kam Tin, MPNR, TPK Headland, Fan Lau, Lantau, Cheung Chau and Po Toi, peak count 23 at MPNR on 4 April. Three at Yung Shue O on 2 May. Autumn: recorded in singles from 2 to 26 October at Sai Kung, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O and on Po Toi. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 264. Numbers are higher than in the 1990s, at least partly due to increased recording on offshore islands. Grey-chinned Minivet Pericrocotus solaris 灰喉山椒鳥 I Locally common resident, possibly with winter visitors, in mature closed-canopy woodland; highest count 100 on 14 November 本地常見的留鳥, 亦可能有冬候鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的成長林地, 最高紀錄為在 1992 年 11 月 14 日的 100 隻 Recorded in all months from northeast, central and east NT with summer records from Tai Om, TPK Headland and Pak Sha O, peak count a low 30 at Ng Tung Chai on 30 November. Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus speciosus 赤紅山椒鳥 I Common resident in mature closed-canopy woodland and woodland edge, even adjoining urban areas; highest count 80 on 22 December 常見的留鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的林地及其邊沿, 部分甚至在市區毗鄰, 最高紀錄為在 1984 年 12 月 22 日的 80 隻 This species is more widespread than Grey-chinned Minivet, although in smaller flock sizes. Recorded in all months with widespread reports from north, central, southeast and east NT, peak count 23 at Tai Po Kau on 4 March with 22 at Wu Kau Tang on 24 August. Four at Chai Wan, HK Island, on 22 March had been there since One at Tung Ping Chau on 10 May and up to four on Po Toi from 16 November to year end

166 Plate 37 Grey-chinned Minivet male Pericrocotus solaris 灰喉山椒鳥雄鳥 Tai Po Kau, 3rd May 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 5 月 3 日 Jason Pun 潘士強

167 Plate 38 Grey-chinned Minivet female Pericrocotus solaris 灰喉山椒鳥雌鳥 Tai Po Kau, 3rd May 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 5 月 3 日 Jason Pun 潘士強

168 Bull-headed Shrike Lanius bucephalus 牛頭伯勞 I Scarce late autumn migrant and winter visitor to woodland edge; extreme dates 16 October to 31 March. 深秋時稀少的遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在林地邊沿, 時間在 10 月 16 日至 3 月 31 日之間 A more normal year after an exceptional year in First winter period: single females at LMC and Sha Tau Kok to 30 January. Second winter period: a female at Long Valley from 2 November to year end with a male at Ng Tung Chai on 20 December. Estimated number of birds in recent winters are given below: numbers are higher than in the 1990s. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus 紅尾伯勞 I L.c. lucionensis: common passage migrant and scarce winter visitor; L.c. cristatus: scarce passage migrant, mainly in autumn. Both occur in open country habitats. Extreme spring dates 19 April to 7 June, highest count 89 on 21 May Earliest autumn record 25 July, passage occurring until late October. L.c. lucionensis 鳥種為常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 而 L.c. cristatus 鳥種為主要在秋季稀少的過境遷徙鳥 二者皆出沒在開闊原野, 春季出現時間在 4 月 19 日至 6 月 7 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2008 年 5 月 21 日的 89 隻 秋季過境遷徙鳥最早出現時間在 7 月 25 日, 至十月下旬仍可見 First winter period: wintering singles at Pui O to 23 February and on Po Toi to 18 March with other wintering records at MPNR, Wetland Park, Tan Chuk Hang, Shek Kong, Kowloon Park and Tai O. Spring records from 5 April to 13 May from many locations in north, central, and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Cheung Chau and Po Toi, peak count 95 on Po Toi on 10 May (RWL et. al), a new highest count, with other high counts 32 at Tung Ping Chau also on 10 May and 27 at Chek Lap Kok on 2 May. All lucionensis where recorded except for a single cristatus at LMC on 8 May. One was seen to predate a Lanceolated Warbler L. lanceolata on Po Toi on 6 May. Second winter period: recorded from 26 August to 31 October in north, central and east NT, Lantau, and Po Toi, high count three. Winter singles at Lai Chi Wo on 29 November and Clearwater Bay on 8 December. Most records cristatus where recorded. Peak counts in recent years:

169 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 264. Peak counts, which mostly occur on spring migration, are higher than in the 1990s, at least partly due to increased recording on offshore islands. Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio 紅背伯勞 I Five records; extreme dates 30 September to 3 November. 五項紀錄, 在 9 月 30 日至 11 日 3 日之間錄得 A first winter at Long Valley on 2 November (KCK et al.). This is the sixth HK record since the first in 2008, all first winter birds with the last four records at Long Valley. Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach 棕背伯勞 I Common resident in open country habitats; highest count 19 on 24 July 常見的留鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 7 月 24 日的 19 隻 Recorded throughout the year from widespread locations in north, central and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count 12 at Long Valley on 5 February with ten at MPNR on 8 August. White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca 白腹鳳鶥 I Uncommon resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland; highest count 15 on 2 September 不常見的留鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為在 1990 年 9 月 2 日的 15 隻 Recorded from Pak Sha O in all months except January, June and July, high count two, and from Tai Po Kau in winter months, peak count 15 on 25 January equalling the current highest count. Also occasional autumn and winter records from Bride s Pool, Shing Mun and Yung Shue O, mostly singles but again peak count 15 at Shing Mun on 1 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 265. Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis 黑枕黃鸝 I Passage migrant, common in autumn and scarce in spring, with some winter and breeding records, to open woodland areas; highest count 30 on 21 September 秋季常見的過境遷徙鳥, 春季則稀少, 有小量冬季及繁殖紀錄, 出沒在開闊林地, 最高紀錄為在 1986 年 9 月 21 日的 30 隻

170 First winter period: a male at Long Valley to 15 February is an unusual winter record. One on Po Toi from 4 to 20 May. Second winter period: recorded from 9 September to 11 December, mostly at MPNR and Po Toi, peak count five on Po Toi on 9 October. Singles also recorded from LMC, Long Valley, Lam Tsuen, Shuen Wan, Tai Po Kau, Sai Kung, Ho Man Tin and at Tai O, Chek Lap Kok and Discovery Bay on Lantau. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 265. Peak counts, which mostly occur on autumn migration, are higher than in the 1990s, at least partly due to increased recording on offshore islands. Plate 39 Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis 黑枕黃鸝 Po Toi Island, 10th May 2014 蒲台 2014 年 5 月 10 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒

171 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus 黑卷尾 I Common passage migrant, mainly in autumn, and locally common breeder and winter visitor to open-country areas; highest count 1,000 on 12 October 主要在秋季常見的過境遷徙鳥及冬候鳥, 常見在本地繁殖, 出沒在開闊原野, 最高紀錄為在 2010 年 10 月 12 日的 1,000 隻 Winter records from Tsim Bei Tsui, MPNR, San Tin and Sham Chung. High spring counts eight at Ho Sheung Heung and Tai O with seven at Tung Ping Chau and six at MPNR and Po Toi. Summer records from Nim Wan, Wetland Park, MPNR, Ho Sheung Heung, Shuen Wan, Discovery Bay and Po Toi. Peak autumn count 70 flying south at MPNR on 3 October with 64 at Tai O on 4 October. Winter records from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley. Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts are higher than in the 1990s with an exceptional count in All counts of 50 or above have occurred on autumn migration in the period 1 to 16 October. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page , Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus 灰卷尾 I Uncommon winter visitor to woodland areas; extreme dates 11 September to 18 May, highest count eight on 5 November 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 時間在 9 月 11 日至 5 月 18 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2008 年 11 月 5 日的 8 隻 First winter period: recorded to 10 May with most records from TPK Headland, Shing Mun and Po Toi, peak count three at TPK Headland on 20 April. Second winter period: recorded from 19 September, mostly at Ng Tung Chai, Tai Po Kau, TPK Headland, Shing Mun and Yung Shue O, high count two. Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans 鴉嘴卷尾 I No records. 沒有紀錄 A first winter on Po Toi from 7 to 18 September (YWY). This is the first record for Hong Kong

172 Hair-crested Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus 髮冠卷尾 I Common winter visitor, migrant and locally common resident in wooded areas; highest count 69 on 15 December 常見的冬候鳥 遷徙鳥及本地的留鳥, 出沒在林地, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 12 月 15 日的 69 隻 Recorded in all months and from widespread locations in north, central, southeast and east NT, Kowloon and islands, peak count 30 at On Po Tsuen on 13 November with 23 at TPK Headland on 18 March and 16 on Po Toi on 14 October and at Fan Lau on 18 October. Summer records with juveniles from Shuen Wan, with 20 there on 24 June, Fung Yuen and Sai Sha Road. Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts are generally higher than in the 1990s. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea 黑枕王鶲 I Uncommon winter visitor and migrant to woodland areas; extreme dates 17 September to 5 May; highest count three. 不常見的冬候鳥及遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 時間在 9 月 17 日至 5 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄為 3 隻 First winter period: recorded to 8 March, an early latest date, with singles at Palm Springs, Robin s Nest, Fung Yuen, Lau Shui Heung, Tai Long Wan and peak count three at Aberdeen CP on 29 January. Second winter period: recorded from 27 September from widespread locations in north, central and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Cheung Chau and Po Toi, high count two. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: recorded numbers have increased in recent years. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Amur Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone incei 綬帶 I Passage migrant, uncommon in autumn, scarce in spring, and rare winter visitor to woodland areas; extreme dates 2 August to 6 May; highest count four on 30 September

173 秋季時不常見, 春季時則稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 也是罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 時間在 8 月 2 日至 5 月 6 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 9 月 30 日的 4 隻 First winter period: no records. Second winter period: recorded from 16 August to 7 December, mostly at Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau and Lantau but also other locations in north, central and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island and Po Toi, peak count three at Shing Mun on 25 August. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 265. Although recorded numbers are increasing in autumn, there are now fewer records in spring than in the 1990s, in spite of increased recording on offshore islands, as shown in Figure 6 Figure 6. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Amur Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone incei 綬帶 Japanese Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata 紫綬帶 I NT Uncommon passage migrant to woodland areas; extreme dates 28 March to 31 May and 20 August to 18 November, highest count six on 13 April 不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 時間在 3 月 28 日至 5 月 31 日及 8 月 20 日至 11 月 18 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 4 月 13 日的 6 隻 Spring: singles at MPNR from 12 to 14 April, Tai Po Kau on 15 April, Ho Man Tin on 2 May and Po Toi on 10 May. These are only the second and third May records for Japanese Paradise Flycatcher, the first being a very late bird in

174 Autumn: recorded from 31 August to 11 November, mostly at Tai Po Kau but also Yuen Long, MPNR, Ng Tung Chai, Shing Mun, Pak Sha O, Sai Kung LNEC, Mount Davis and Po Toi, peak count two at Tai Po Kau. Estimated number of birds in recent years: a graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 265. Recorded numbers are similar to those in the 1990s but there are now fewer records in spring, in spite of increased recording on offshore islands, as shown in Figure 7 Figure 7. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Japanese Paradise- Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata 紫綬帶 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius 松鴉 I Previously a scarce and localised resident of central and northeast NT; now rare, with few records since 曾為出現在新界中及東北部稀少的局部地區性留鳥, 現在罕見, 自 2000 年只有數個紀錄 No records. Eurasian Jay has declined substantially since the 1990s. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

175 Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus 灰喜鵲 IIB Locally common breeding resident, especially in the Mai Po area, since 2003; highest count 58 on 30 September 自 2003 年開始為在本地常見和繁殖的留鳥, 主要出沒在米埔區域, 最高紀錄為在 2013 年 9 月 30 日的 58 隻 Recorded throughout the year with all records except one from the Mai Po area, peak count 26 at MPNR on 8 August. Three at Kowloon City on 25 October continues the records there from Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythroryncha 紅嘴藍鵲 I Common resident of closed-canopy shrubland; highest recent count nine on 23 October 常見的留鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的灌木叢, 最高紀錄為在 2011 年 10 月 23 日的 9 隻 Recorded in all months from widespread locations in all NT regions, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count ten at TPK Headland on 7 February (R&KB), a new highest count since The Avifauna. Grey Treepie Dendrocitta formosae 灰樹鵲 I Locally common resident of closed-canopy shrubland; previously recorded as an irruptive species with a highest count 80 on 27 November 1977; highest count since The Avifauna 13 on 4 July 局部地區性常見的留鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的灌木叢, 曾被認為偶然闖入的鳥種, 最高紀錄為在 1977 年 11 月 27 日的 80 隻, 自 香港鳥類名錄 出版後, 最高紀錄為在 2002 年 7 月 4 日的 13 隻 Recorded in all months, mostly from northeast, central and east NT, peak count 14 at Tai Mo Shan on 22 November with 11 at Cheung Sheung on 2 December and ten at Pat Sin Leng on 29 November. Also recorded from MPNR, Mount Davis and Po Toi, a first record there. Eurasian Magpie Pica pica 喜鵲 I Common resident of open country and urban edge habitats. Highest count 80 on 28 November 常見的留鳥, 出沒在開闊原野及市區邊沿, 最高紀錄為在 1999 年 11 月 28 日的 80 隻 Recorded in all months and from widespread locations, peak count 64 at MPNR on 19 November

176 Daurian Jackdaw Coloeus dauuricus 達烏里寒鴉 I Rare winter visitor to open-country and wetland areas; extreme dates 26 September to 14 April. 罕見冬候鳥, 於開闊地及濕地出沒 ; 日子在 9 月 26 日至 4 月 14 日間 A first year at Penfold Park from 23 to 31 May (SPL), a latest spring record. An adult photographed at Penfold Park on 10 December (OT) was possibly the same bird returning. These are the first records since 2008 and the first HK record of an adult. Plate 40 Daurian Jackdaw Coloeus dauuricus 達烏里寒鴉 Penfold Park, 10th December 2014 彭福公園 2014 年 12 月 10 日 Olivia To 杜珮煒 House Crow Corvus splendens 家鴉 IIB Locally common resident, mainly in the Cheung Sha Wan area; peak count 38 on 26 August 本地常見的留鳥, 主要出沒在長沙灣區域, 最高紀錄為在 2010 年 8 月 26 日的 38 隻 Only two records, although this does not represent the true status. One at Tai O on 4 October is a rare record away from Kowloon

177 Carrion Crow Corvus corone 小嘴烏鴉 I Six records; extreme dates 7 November to 6 April. 六個紀錄 ; 日子在 11 月 7 日至 4 月 6 日間 One photographed at Long Valley on 24 October (TMH), a new earliest date. This is the first record since Collared Crow Corvus torquatus 白頸鴉 I NT Locally common resident, mainly in coastal areas; highest count 167 on18 July 本地常見的留鳥, 主要出沒在沿岸區域, 最高紀錄為在 2013 年 7 月 18 日的 167 隻 A Near Threatened species for which Hong Kong is a stronghold. 現被列為漸危鳥種, 而香港為其主要盤踞地 Recorded in all months, with most records from MPNR, peak count 173 on 9 July (KL) and 8 October (BS), a new highest count, and Shuen Wan Landfill, high count 117 on 11 June. Elsewhere records from north, central, southeast and east NT and HK Island, with new locations this year Stanley and Po Toi. This, together with the increase in peak counts over the last ten years, suggest that this species is increasing in Hong Kong, despite a decline in mainland China. Peak counts in recent years are given below: a graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos 大嘴烏鴉 I Common resident of open rural and wooded urban-edge habitats, highest count 200 on 20 January 常見的留鳥, 出沒在開闊鄉郊及市區邊沿的林木, 最高紀錄為在 2008 年 1 月 20 日的 200 隻 Widespread records in all months, peak count 120 going to roost at Aberdeen CP on 13 November. Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis 方尾鶲 I Uncommon winter visitor to woodland areas; extreme dates 8 October to 25 April, highest count 11 on 11 February 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 時間在 10 月 8 日至 4 月 25 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2007 年 2 月 11 日的 11 隻

178 First winter period: recorded to 16 February, an early latest date, with all records from Shing Mun, high count three, and Tai Po Kau including TPK Headland, peak count six. Second winter period: recorded from 30 October with most records from Shing Mun, high count four, and Tai Po Kau, singles only. Singles also recorded from Bride s Pool, Kap Lung, Tsing Yi Park, Sai Kung LNEC and Po Toi. Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts fluctuate considerably. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Yellow-bellied Tit Periparus venustulus 黃腹山雀 I Irregular and rare irruptive winter visitor; extreme dates 30 August to 14 April, highest count 50 on 20 November 不規則及罕見突發性激增的冬候鳥, 日子由 8 月 30 日至 4 月 14 日, 最高紀錄為 1985 年 11 月 20 日的 50 隻 One at Bride s Pool on 24 January and two at Ng Tung Chai on 15 February. Estimated number of birds in recent year are given below: records were more frequent with higher counts in the 1990s. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus 蒼背山雀 I Common resident in open and closed-canopy woodland, shrubland and parkland areas; highest count 38 on 16 January 常見的留鳥, 出沒在開闊及有濃密樹冠的林地 灌木叢及公園, 最高紀錄為在 2004 年 1 月 16 日的 38 隻 Widespread records in all months, peak count 32 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January. Yellow-cheeked Tit Parus spilonotus 黃頰山雀 IIA Locally uncommon resident of mature woodland in central NT; highest count 15 on 2 September 本地不常見的留鳥, 出沒在新界中部成長的林地, 最高紀錄為在 1990 年 9 月 2 日的 15 隻

179 Most records from Ng Tung Chai, Tai Po Kau and TPK Headland, in most months and with juveniles or signs of breeding in all three locations, peak count 11 at Tai Po Kau on 4 March. Two at Ngau Kwu Leng, Lam Tsuen, on 19 April, one at Tai Mo Shan on 19 October and two at Ho Pui on 26 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 266. No significant changes have occurred in numbers. Chinese Penduline Tit Remiz consobrinus 中華攀雀 I Common autumn migrant and winter visitor to reedmarshes, mostly in the Deep Bay area, but can be difficult to observe; extreme dates 10 October to 23 May, highest count 200 on 19 November 常見的秋季遷徙鳥及冬候鳥, 主要出沒在后海灣區域的蘆葦沼澤, 但發現牠比較困難, 時間在 10 月 10 日至 5 月 23 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2013 年 11 月 19 日的 200 隻 First winter period: recorded to 15 May with most records from the Deep Bay area, particularly MPNR, high count 50 there on 2 May with 26 trapped on 8 January, and 18 at LMC on 20 April. 30 at Kuk Po on 25 February was a high count away from Deep Bay. Five at Long Valley on 9 April. Second winter period: recorded from 31 October with most records from MPNR and Long Valley, peak count 120 at MPNR on 18 November with 45 trapped there on 20 November, and high count eight at Long Valley on 17 November. Six at Kuk Po on 30 December. Peak counts in recent years are given below: these have been substantially higher in the last four years, partly due to a change in trapping location at MPNR. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis 雲雀 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant and scarce winter visitor with extreme dates of 1 October to 3 April; highest count 15 on 28 October 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 時間在 10 月 1 日至 4 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2010 年 10 月 28 日的 15 隻 Not as good a second winter period as the previous four. First winter period: one at Kam Tin on 20 January, two at San Tin on 30 January and Ma Tso Lung on 7 February, peak count three at Lut Chau on 16 February and one at Long Valley on 14 March

180 Second winter period: recorded from 8 October to 18 November with most records from MPNR, San Tin and Long Valley, peak count three at Long Valley on 22 October and MPNR on 27 October. One at LMC on 9 October and two at Ma Tso Lung on 19 October. Peak counts in recent years are given below: a graph of peak counts for this species and Oriental Skylark by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 266 and page 266 respectively. While Oriental Skylark has been lost to Hong Kong as a breeding species due to loss of habitat, Eurasian Skylark has increased substantially, especially on autumn migration in northwest NT Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla 大短趾百靈 I One record, 12 October 年 10 月 12 日有一項紀錄 One at Long Valley on 15 October (LCF,KK). Following acceptance of this record as Category I, the record of one at Long Valley on 31 March 2012 was also accepted as Category I, making a total of three accepted Category I records for this species. Asian Short-toed Lark Alaudala cheleensis 亞洲短趾百靈 I No records. 沒有紀錄 One at Lok Ma Chau Mitigation Area on 20 November (PJL). This is the first record for Hong Kong. Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 紅耳鵯 I Abundant resident in most habitats except woodland interior; highest count 640 on 14 October 大量的留鳥, 廣泛出沒在全港各區, 除了林地的中部, 最高紀錄為在 2013 年 10 月 14 日的 640 隻 Widespread records with the peak count 323 leaving roost at Shuen Wan on 7 November

181 Plate 41 Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla 大短趾百靈 Long Valley, 15th October 2014 塱原 2014 年 10 月 15 日 Lo Chun Fai 勞浚暉 Chinese Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis 白頭鵯 I Abundant all year, with migrants and winter visitors occurring; present in nearly all habitats, the most abundant and widespread species in HK; highest count 5,000 on 30 March 全年可見大量的鳥, 也有遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 廣泛出沒在全港各區, 是香港地區最多而廣佈的鳥種, 最高紀錄為在 2010 年 3 月 30 日的 5,000 隻 Widespread records with the usual large flocks in winter and spring, peak count 500 at Sai Kung LNEC on 8 April and high counts 400 at Yung Shue O on 5 April and 300 at Shuen Wan on 10 October. Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster 白喉紅臀鵯 I Common resident in open country habitats away from urban and marshy areas; highest count 80 on 25 April

182 常見的留鳥, 出沒在遠離市區的開闊原野及沼澤區域, 最高紀錄為在 1987 年 4 月 25 日的 80 隻 Widespread records in all months although mostly from north NT and Lantau, all high counts from Ho Sheung Heung with peak count 30 there on 6 January. Mountain Bulbul Ixos mcclellandii 綠翅短腳鵯 I Uncommon and local resident in closed-canopy woodland, with increasing range and numbers; highest count 20 on 20 October 不常見的本地留鳥, 其數量及出沒範圍正在增加, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的林地, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 10 月 20 日的 20 隻 Recorded in all months except June with most records from Ng Tung Chai, Tai Po Kau, Shing Mun and Pak Sha O, peak count ten at Bride s Pool on 8 December. Recorded from two new locations in southeast NT and Sai Kung West CP. The number of locations from which this species has been recorded in recent years is given below: this species is now well-established in Hong Kong. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Chestnut Bulbul Hemixos castanonotus 栗背短腳鵯 I Common resident and winter visitor to closed-canopy shrubland and woodland throughout HK; subject to periodic winter irruptions; highest count 466 on 7 April 常見的留鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在全港各區有濃密樹冠的灌木叢和林地, 冬季時有週期性數量激增現象 最高紀錄為在 2011 年 4 月 7 日的 466 隻 Widespread reports from north, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count 150 at TPK Headland on 4 April and high counts 55 at Ng Tung Chai on 19 March, 53 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January, 42 at Pak Sha O on 29 December and 40 at Cheung Sheung on 30 December. Summer records from northeast, central and east NT. Peak counts in recent years are given below: this species is one of many woodland species which have increased substantially in numbers since the 1990s and before. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

183 Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus 黑短腳鵯 I Irruptive winter visitor and scarce passage migrant to woodland areas; extreme dates 18 August to 3 June; highest count 200 on 16 February 突發性激增的冬候鳥和稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 時間在 8 月 18 日至 6 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1992 年 2 月 16 日的 200 隻 First winter period: regular records to 11 April, mostly from Tai Po Kau, high count 30 there on 1 March. Away from central NT, one on Po Toi from 7 to 21 January and 22 at Wu Kau Tang on 21 January. One at Tai O on 1 May is a late record and may be the first for Lantau. Second winter period: recorded from 25 November with peak count 34 at Nam Sang Wai and ten at Tai Mo Shan on that date. Singles thereafter at Bride s Pool, Tai Po and Yung Shue O. Peak counts in recent years show the irruptive nature of this species: a graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Pale Martin Riparia diluta 淡色沙燕 I Uncommon passage migrant although occasionally in large numbers, and rare winter visitor to open country habitats, especially fish ponds and reedmarshes in the northwest NT; extreme dates 24 July to 10 June; highest count 3,000 on 3 May 不常見但偶有大數量的過境遷徙鳥, 也是罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 尤其是新界西北的魚塘及蘆葦沼澤, 日子在 7 月 24 日至 6 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2000 年 5 月 3 日的 3,000 隻 First winter period: one at Ho Sheung Heung on 25 January is a rare winter record. Then recorded from 23 March to 8 May from Pak Nai, Tai Sang Wai, MPNR, San Tin, LMC, Ma Tso Lung, Long Valley and Pui O, high count 40 at the Mai Po access road on 8 May with 22 at Tai Sang Wai on 2 April. Second winter period: recorded from 1 October to 14 November with all records from Mai Po, San Tin and Long Valley, peak count 50 at MPNR on 27 October with 40 at San Tin on 13 November. One at the Mai Po access road from 27 December. Peak counts in recent years are given below: there have been no very high counts since A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

184 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 家燕 I Abundant passage migrant, common breeding species and uncommon winter visitor; highest count 5,500 on 4 April 大量的過境遷徙鳥, 為常見的繁殖鳥種, 也是不常見的冬候鳥, 最高紀錄為在 1996 年 4 月 4 日的 5,500 隻 Recorded in all months from widespread locations although most records from the Deep Bay and Long Valley areas. First winter period: a poor spring passage with high counts only 100 at Tai Mai Tuk on 6 May and 286 at Nim Wan on 7 May. Summer: widespread records with peak count 1,010 roosting at Sai Kung waterfront on 26 July. Second winter period: widespread records but in low numbers, high count after August only 38 at Long Valley on 4 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 267. High spring migration counts, which used to regularly exceed 1,000, no longer occur for reasons which are not clear and most peak counts now occur in summer or autumn. This change is shown in Figure 8 below Figure 8. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 家燕

185 Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus 煙腹毛腳燕 I Uncommon spring passage migrant,occasionally in high numbers, scarce in autumn and rare in winter; extreme dates 13 September to 24 May, highest count 400 on 4 April 不常見但偶有大數量的春季過境遷徙鳥, 秋季時稀少, 冬季時罕見, 日子在 9 月 13 日至 5 月 24 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1996 年 4 月 4 日的 400 隻 First winter period: one at MPNR on 26 January, two at Mui Shue Hang on 12 February, five at Airfield Road on 15 February, then at MPNR from 16 February to 14 March, high count six. Singles at Long Valley on 18 April and southwest Lantau on 6 May. Second winter period: one at Tai O on 19 October, then at Long Valley from 4 to 18 November, peak count eight, singles on Po Toi on 9 November and at Tai Mo Shan on 25 November with five at Sunset Peak, Lantau also on 25 November. Peak counts in recent years are given below: high peak counts are irregular. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica 金腰燕 I Locally common passage migrant and winter visitor, occasionally in quite large flocks, with a very small, recently-established localised breeding population; highest count 350 on 8 December 地區性常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 偶有頗大群出現, 近年有少數在本地局部地區繁殖的群體, 最高紀錄為在 1982 年 12 月 8 日的 350 隻 First half year: recorded to 19 May with most records from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley, high count 15 at the Mai Po access road on 24 January. Elsewhere two at Tai O on 4 January, at Robin s Nest on 14 March and at Lin Au on 29 March. Breeding season: recorded at MPNR, San Tin and Long Valley, high count 16 at Long Valley on 15 July. Second half year: recorded to year end with most records from MPNR, San Tin and Long Valley but peak count 80 at Sai Kung on 17 November and 35 at Sunset Peak on 25 November. Peak counts in recent years are given below: numbers are relatively stable except for some high autumn migration counts in 2012 and A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

186 Pygmy Wren-babbler Pnoepyga pusilla 小鷦鶥 I Locally common resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland, mostly in central and northeast NT but expanding southeast and east; highest count 11 on 4 February 本地常見的留鳥, 主要出沒在新界中及東北部有濃密樹冠的灌木叢和林地, 現正向東南和東面擴展, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 2 月 4 日的 11 隻 Recorded in all months with all records from northeast, central and east NT, peak count seven at Ng Tung Chai on 13 March, summer records from Fung Yuen, Shek Kong, Ng Tung Chai and Tai Po Kau, and records from three new locations in central and east NT. The number of locations from which this species has been recorded in recent years is given below: this species is now well established in all three areas, northeast, central and east NT (the first record was at Tai Po Kau in 2000) Mountain Tailorbird Phyllergates cuculatus 金頭縫葉鶯 I Uncommon resident and locally common winter visitor in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland; highest count 14 on 6 June 不常見的留鳥, 也是本地常見的冬候鳥, 主要出沒在有濃密樹冠的灌木叢和林地, 最高紀錄為在 2011 年 6 月 6 日的 14 隻 Recorded in all months, although fewer in summer, from northeast, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Cheung Chau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count 15 at Ng Tung Chai on 5 October (JAA), a new highest count, with 14 there on 27 April and six at Pak Sha O on 22 November. Summer records including juveniles from northeast and central NT. One at Shing Uk Tsuen near Tin Shui Wai on 9 October is an unusual location. The number of locations from which this species has been recorded in recent years is given below: this species is now well established in HK (the first record was at Tai Po Kau in 1999). A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

187 Japanese Bush Warbler Horornis diphone 日本樹鶯 I and Manchurian Bush Warbler H. borealis 遠東樹鶯 I The taxonomy of the Japanese/Manchurian Bush Warbler complex has been revised. Based on current taxonomy, two species are now accepted to occur in Hong Kong: Japanese Bush Warbler, H. diphone (ssp. canturians) and Manchurian Bush Warbler H. borealis. Criteria for field separation of these two taxa have yet to be fully resolved, so all records of the two species are combined in this account. 日本樹鶯與遠東樹鶯之分類已被修訂 在香港確認有以下兩個鳥種出現 : 日本樹鶯的 H. diphone (ssp. canturians) 和遠東樹鶯的 H. borealis 由於區分二者的特徵還未全面確立, 故將二者的紀錄合併於此 Uncommon winter visitors and migrants, mostly in autumn, to shrubland and lightly wooded areas; numbers appear to be declining; extreme dates 26 September to 8 May; highest count 40 on 15 November 不常見的冬候鳥及遷徙鳥, 出沒在灌木叢和稀疏的林地, 數量似在下降中, 日子在 9 月 26 日至 5 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1992 年 11 月 15 日的 40 隻 First winter period: recorded to 11 April from north, central and east NT, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, high count three at MPNR on 8 February and 5 March. Second winter period: recorded from 15 November, peak count seven at southwest Lantau on 6 December, with three at Pak Sha O on 15 November. Also recorded from Ho Sheung Heung, Kuk Po, Fung Yuen, Lam Tsuen, Ma On Shan CP, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi. Japanese and Manchurian Bush Warblers trapped at MPNR in both winter periods. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 267. Peak counts of Japanese/Manchurian Bush Warbler have declined since the 1990s, particularly on spring migration, as shown in Figure

188 Figure 9. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Japanese Bush Warbler Horornis diphone 日本樹鶯 and Manchurian Bush Warbler H. borealis 遠東樹鶯 Brown-flanked Bush Warbler Horornis fortipes 強腳樹鶯 I Locally common winter visitor to shrubland and woodland edge, breeding in increasing numbers in upland shrubland since at least 2003; highest count 35 on 6 May 本地常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在灌木叢和林地邊沿, 自 2003 年開始, 在高地灌木叢繁殖的數量在增加中, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 5 月 6 日的 35 隻 First winter period: recorded from north, central and east NT, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count 26 between Tai Mo Shan and Ng Tung Chai on 27 April with 18 at Tai Mo Shan on 12 April and at Tai To Yan on 19 April. Breeding season: records including juveniles from several locations in central NT, high count 18 at Tai To Yan on 5 July. Second winter year: more widespread records from 18 October, from north, central and east NT, Lantau and Po Toi, high count five at southwest Lantau on 6 December with four in December at Ng Tung Chai and Cheung Sheung. Peak counts in recent years show the increasing numbers, mostly in the Tai Mo Shan area, although numbers have increased elsewhere and the species has become more widespread. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

189 Asian Stubtail Urosphena squameiceps 鱗頭樹鶯 I Common winter visitor to forest and closed-canopy shrubland; extreme dates 2 October to 12 April; highest count 27 on 8 December 常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在樹林及有濃密樹冠的灌木叢, 日子在 10 月 2 日至 4 月 12 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 12 月 8 日的 27 隻 Records in both winter periods from north, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Cheung Chau, Lamma and Po Toi. First winter period: recorded to 3 April, peak count 11 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January. Second winter period: recorded from 18 October, high counts seven at Shing Mun on 11 November and five at Pak Sha O on 15 November and Po Toi on 7 December. Peak counts in recent years are given below: numbers have been slowly increasing although the exceptional counts in 2012 and 2013 were made over long distances. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Black-throated Tit Aegithalos concinnus 紅頭長尾山雀 I Scarce and localised resident in small numbers, restricted to Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau and Kowloon Hills. 稀少的局部地區性留鳥, 集中在城門 大埔滘及九龍山 This species was transferred from Category IIA to Category I based on the winter record of three birds on Po Toi. One at Shing Mun on 25 December was the only record. Observers are encouraged to submit all records

190 Plate 42 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita 嘰喳柳鶯 Long Valley, 7th January 2014 塱原 2014 年 1 月 7 日 Martin Hale 夏敖天 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita 嘰喳柳鶯 I Six records, one on 19 October and five from 2 December to 16 March. 六項紀錄, 其中一個在 10 月 19 日, 其餘五個在 12 月 2 日至 3 月 16 日之間 One in the Long Valley/Ho Sheung Heung area from 1 January to 10 February (MLT et al), the seventh Hong Kong record. Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus 褐柳鶯 I Abundant winter visitor and migrant to shrubland and open country areas; extreme dates 6 September to 17 May, highest count 100 on 20 October 大量的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在灌木叢及開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 6 日至 5 月 17 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1990 年 10 月 20 日的 100 隻

191 Recorded in both seasons from widespread locations including islands. First winter period: recorded up to 7 May, high count 29 at MPNR on 3 January. Second winter period: recorded from 23 September, peak count 150 at MPNR including 87 trapped on 5 November (PJL et al.), a new highest count, with 71 at Long Valley on 8 November and 20 on Po Toi on 4 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 268. Peak counts are relatively stable. Yellow-streaked Warbler Phylloscopus armandii 棕眉柳鶯 I Rare late autumn passage migrant with one winter and one spring record; extreme dates 16 October to 26 November, 9 February and 9 to 11 April. 罕見秋季末的過境遷徙鳥並有一個冬季及一個春季紀錄 ; 日子在 10 月 16 日至 11 月 26 日及 2 月 9 日至 4 月 9 至 11 日之間 One trapped at MPNR on 27 October (JAA,PJL,DJS,KL). Radde s Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi 巨嘴柳鶯 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant and rare winter visitor to shrubland and open-country areas; extreme dates 6 October to 24 February; highest count six on 19 November 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥和罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒在灌木叢及開闊原野, 日子在 10 月 6 日至 2 月 24 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2012 年 11 月 19 日的 6 隻 Second winter period: recorded from 10 October to 7 December from MPNR (two trapped), Route Twisk, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Ho Man Tin, Sunset Peak, Lantau and Po Toi, all singles. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: the recent increase in numbers may be due to greater familiarity with this species, except for 2012 which was an exceptional year. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Pallas s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus 黃腰柳鶯 I Common winter visitor and migrant to forest and closed-canopy shrubland; extreme dates 24 October to 19 April with one record to 14 May, highest count 100 on 13 December 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在樹林及有濃密樹冠的灌木叢, 日子在 10 月 24 日至 4 月 19 日之間並於 5 月 14 日有一個紀錄, 最高紀錄為在 1996 年 12 月 13 日的 100 隻

192 Recorded in both seasons from widespread locations including islands. First winter period: recorded to 3 April, peak count 29 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January. Second winter period: recorded from 28 October, high count 14 at Ng Tung Chai on 13 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 268. Peak counts are relatively stable. Plate 43 Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus 黃眉柳鶯 Shek Kong Airfield Road, 4th December 2014 石崗機場路 2014 年 12 月 4 日 John and Jemi Holmes 孔思義及黃亞萍 Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus 黃眉柳鶯 I Abundant and widespread winter visitor and migrant to wooded and open-country areas; extreme dates 8 September to 9 May, highest count 100 on 12 December 大量而廣佈的冬候鳥及遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地及開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 8 日至 5 月 9 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1993 年 12 月 12 日的 100 隻 Recorded in both seasons from widespread locations including islands although in relatively low numbers. First winter period: recorded to 3 May, peak count 23 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January. Second winter period: recorded from 21 September, high count 19 at MPNR on 25 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 268. Peak counts are relatively stable

193 Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis 極北柳鶯 I and Japanese Leaf Warbler P. xanthodryas 日本柳鶯 I The Arctic Warbler complex has been split into three species. Two of these have now been accepted to occur in Hong Kong: Arctic Warbler P. borealis and Japanese Leaf Warbler P. xanthodryas. The third, Kamchatka Leaf Warbler P. examinandus, may also occur but no records have yet been accepted. Due to difficulties in field identification, all records of this species group are included under a single entry in this report. 極北柳鶯被細分為三個鳥種, 其中極北柳鶯 P. borealis 及日本柳鶯 P. xanthodryas 已被確認出現在香港, 餘下的 Kamchatka Leaf Warbler P. examinandus 可能也在香港出現, 但未有確認的紀錄 由於在野外難於分辨上述鳥種, 故將上述鳥種的紀錄歸納在一起 Passage migrant, common in autumn and uncommon in spring, to lightly wooded areas; extreme dates 30 March to 27 May and 18 August to 4 December, highest count 60 on 18 September 秋季常見而春季則不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地, 日子在 3 月 30 日至 5 月 27 日及 8 月 18 日至 12 月 4 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1988 年 9 月 18 日的 60 隻 As in previous years, autumn records were much more widespread, although counts were higher in spring. Whether different species are involved in the two seasons has yet to be established, although it is possible that some spring records refer to P. xanthodryas while most autumn records probably refer to P. borealis. Spring: recorded from 29 April to 12 May at MPNR, Wonderland Villas, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Lantau, Cheung Chau, Po Toi and Tung Ping Chau, peak count 37 at southwest Lantau on 6 May with 14 on Po Toi on 8 May. Autumn: recorded from 28 August to 25 November with most records from MPNR, Tai Po Kau, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi, high count five. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 268. Two-barred Warbler Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus 雙斑柳鶯 I Uncommon passage migrant, mostly in autumn, and winter visitor to shrubland and woodland areas; extreme dates 16 September to 15 May, highest count five on 18 October 主要在秋季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 也是冬候鳥, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 日子在 9 月 16 日至 5 月 15 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2009 年 10 月 18 日的 5 隻 First winter period: singles recorded to end March at Nam Sang Wai, MPNR, Robin s Nest, Fung Yuen, Ng Tung Chai, Tai Po Kau and Pak Sha O with one singing bird remaining at Pak Sha O to 12 May. Second winter period: recorded from 30 September with most records from MPNR,

194 Ng Tung Chai, Tai Po Kau, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi, high count two at several locations. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 268. Records of this species have increased substantially since 2005, probably due to improved understanding of its identification. Plate 44 Pale-legged or Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes/borealoides 淡腳柳鶯 / 庫頁島柳鶯 Po Toi Island, 28th September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 9 月 28 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 Pale-legged Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes 淡腳柳鶯 I and Sakhalin Leaf Warbler P. borealoides 庫頁島柳鶯 I Since reliable criteria for separation in the field remain to be established, records of these two species are combined, unless birds are trapped, allowing for known differences in wing formula to be used for identification. All records refer to the combined species complex unless otherwise stated. 由於在野外分辨上述鳥種的特徵尚待確立, 除非該鳥被捕獲並有明確的翼羽結構資料, 否則其紀錄將被合併, 因此所有此鳥的紀錄為合併本, 有備註的除外 Uncommon passage migrants, mostly in autumn, and scarce winter visitor to lightly wooded areas; extreme dates 31 August to 5 May, highest count 14 on 18 September Based on trapping records, tenellipes is more common than borealoides in a ratio of 2:1, with this ratio

195 being 3:1 in September and 1:1 in October. Only tenellipes has winter records; the latest autumn date for borealoides is 17 November. 主要在秋季不常的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地, 時間在 8 月 31 日至 5 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2005 年 9 月 11 日的 9 隻 基於被擒鳥的紀錄,tenellipes 鳥種比 borealoides 鳥種更常見, 比率為 2:1, 此比率在九月時為 3:1, 而十月時則為 1:1 只有 tenellipes 鳥種有冬季紀錄, 而 borealoides 鳥種的最遲紀錄在 11 月 17 日 A poor year with low counts and fewer locations. First winter period: recorded in singles only to 19 April from MPNR, several locations on Lantau and on Po Toi. One singing at southwest Lantau on 6 May (JAA) is a new latest date. Second winter period: recorded from 7 September from locations in north, central and east NT, HK Isand, Lantau, Cheung Chau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count only three at Ng Tung Chai and Pak Sha O. Three singing Pale-legged Leaf Warblers were recorded as follows 5 April at Fan Lau, southwest Lantau, 16 and 17 April at MPNR and 6 May at southwest Lantau. Five Pale-legged Leaf Warblers were trapped at MPNR between 19 September and 25 October. A graph of peak counts of the combined species by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 269. Numbers appear to be declining, particularly in autumn, as shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Pale-legged Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes 淡腳柳鶯 I and Sakhalin Leaf Warbler P. borealoides 庫頁島柳鶯 I

196 Eastern Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus coronatus 冕柳鶯 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant, scarce in spring and rare in winter, to shrubland and woodland; extreme dates 7 August to 18 April, highest count ten on 6 September 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 春季稀少而冬季則罕見, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 日子在 8 月 7 日至 4 月 18 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1992 年 9 月 6 日的 10 隻 There have been regular winter records of this species since First winter period: singles at Mui Shue Hang on 23 January and at MPNR on 14 February (JAA), the first February record. One in song at Pak Sha O on 5 April. Second winter period: recorded from 17 August to 18 November, mostly from Tai Po Kau and Shing Mun but also Ng Tung Chai, Pak Sha O, Braemar Hill and Po Toi, peak count three at Ng Tung Chai on 27 September. Regular records of one in December from Tai Po Kau with one at Fung Hang, Starling Inlet on 30 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 269. Numbers are stable. Goodson s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus goodsoni 古氏 [ 冠紋 ] 柳鶯 I Following a split in the Blyth s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus reguloides complex, only the taxon P.g. goodsoni has been confirmed to occur in Hong Kong, based on the extensive yellow on the underparts and face that is diagnostic of this taxon. Although it is considered that birds with less extensive yellow are likely to refer to P.g. fokiensis, this is not proven, as Claudia s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus claudiae cannot be excluded on field observations in Hong Kong. Observers are encouraged to submit records as P.g. goodsoni or fokiensis/claudiae, where appropriate. 自 Blyth's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus reguloides 族群被細分後, 及古氏 [ 冠紋 ] 柳鶯的下身和臉部有大片黃色被視為辨別特徵, 古氏 [ 冠紋 ] 柳鶯便被確認在香港出現 雖然下身與臉部黃色較少的鳥被視為 P.g. fokiensis 鳥種, 但此方法未經證實, 因為此方法未能排除 Claudia's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus claudiae 鳥種 因此建議收錄觀察紀錄至 P.g. goodsoni 或 fokiensis/claudiae 鳥種中 Locally common winter visitor to shrubland and woodland; extreme dates 5 September to 4 April, highest count ten on 12 November 本地常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 日子在 9 月 5 日至 4 月 4 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1990 年 11 月 12 日的 10 隻 First winter period: recorded to 23 March in central and east NT with most records from Tai Po Kau, high count two there. Also recorded at KFBG, Ng Tung Chai, Shing Mun, Cheung Sheung, Yung Shue O and Pak Sha O, high count three at Cheung Sheung on 22 March. Both goodsoni and fokiensis/claudiae were recorded at two locations in singles

197 Second winter period: recorded from 19 October in northeast, east, central, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count five at Pak Sha O on 23 November with four at Bride s Pool on 9 December. Both goodsoni and fokiensis/claudiae, in singles and two respectively, were recorded at two locations. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 269. Numbers have increased since 2003, at least partly due to better identification understanding. Plate 45 Goodson's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus goodsoni, 古氏 [ 冠紋 ] 柳鶯 Tai Po Kau, 29th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 29 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒

198 Sulphur-breasted Warbler Phylloscopus ricketti 黑眉柳鶯 I Rare winter visitor; extreme dates 26 October to 1 April. 罕見冬候鳥 ; 日子在 10 月 26 日至 4 月 1 日間 Singles at Ng Tung Chai on 27 September (MLT), a new earliest date, Shing Mun on 29 September (AP) and Tai Po Kau on 21 October (AC). White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis 白眶鶲鶯 I Rare winter visitor to forest, extreme dates 17 November to 24 February. 罕見的樹林冬候鳥, 日子在 11 月 17 日至 2 月 24 日 One at Aberdeen CP from 25 January to 4 February (KL) and one at Tai Po Kau from 20 November to year end (A&BL). Plate 46 White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 16th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 16 日 Aaron Lo 羅瑞華

199 Bianchi s Warbler Seicercus valentini 比氏鶲鶯 I Six records, extreme dates 9 October to 15 January. 六項紀錄, 日子由 10 月 9 日至 1 月 15 日 One on Po Toi on 13 November (KK). Martens s Warbler Seicercus omeiensis 峨嵋鶲鶯 I Three winter records; extreme dates 28 December to 26 February. 三個冬季紀錄 ; 日子在 12 月 28 日至 2 月 26 日間 Singles at Pak Sha O on 14 January (MLT), Sha Lo Tung on 18 January (JM), Ng Tung Chai on 15 February (JAA) and Cheung Chau from 18 to 21 February (MDW). Spectacled Warbler sp. Seicercus sp. 眼眶鶲鶯 This includes birds of the genus Seicercus not certainly identified to species level. Species involved may include White-spectacled Warbler, Grey-crowned Warbler, Bianchi s Warbler, Martens s Warbler and Alström s Warbler. Seicercus species are difficult to identify; observers are recommended to record any calls. These differ between species and may be the best identification feature. 此報告包含 Seicercus 鳥種中未被確認的物種, 計有白眶鶲鶯 灰冠鶲鶯 比氏鶲鶯 峨嵋鶲鶯及淡尾鶲鶯 Seicercus 鳥種較難分辦, 建議觀鳥者記錄叫聲 牠們的叫聲是最佳的辦認特徵 Scarce winter visitor to forest, extreme dates 9 September to 1 April. 稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在樹林, 日子在 9 月 9 日至 4 月 1 日之間 Singles at Bride s Pool and South Lamma on 23 January. In the second winter period, singles at Tai Po Kau on 5 and 18 October and 23 November, on Po Toi on 26 October and 6 November, at Wu Kau Tang on 11 December and Pak Sha O on 13 December. Chestnut-crowned Warbler Seicercus castaniceps 栗頭鶲鶯 I Rare winter visitor to forest; extreme dates 5 November to 25 March, highest count two on 22 November 罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒在樹林, 日子在 11 月 5 日至 3 月 25 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2004 年 11 月 22 日的 2 隻 One at Tai Po Kau on 1 February. In the second winter period, singles at Tai Po Kau from 7 to 24 December and at Bride s Pool from 23 to 25 December

200 Oriental Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis 東方大葦鶯 I Common passage migrant, especially in autumn, with occasional winter and summer records, to reedmarsh, tall grassy vegetation and even urban edge parkland habitats; typically within dates of 16 March to 8 June and 24 August to 15 November, highest count 300 on 25 September 在秋季常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有冬季和夏季紀錄, 出沒在蘆葦沼澤 高草植地及市區邊沿公園, 典型時間在 3 月 16 日至 6 月 8 日及 8 月 24 日至 11 月 15 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 1997 年 9 月 25 日的 300 隻 First winter period: singles in the Long Valley area from 13 January to 12 May and at MPNR from 13 February to 11 June with seven trapped there on 7 May. Elsewhere two at Tai O on 6 May and one on Po Toi from 10 to 13 May. Second winter period: recorded from 29 August to 25 November with most records at MPNR and the Long Valley area, peak count 25 trapped at MPNR on 30 September. Also recorded at Nim Wan with nine on 19 September, on Po Toi from 21 September to 16 October, at Chek Lap Kok from 6 to 18 October, high count two, and at Yung Shue O from 7 October to 5 November, high count three. One at Ho Sheung Heung from 15 to 22 December. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 269. Numbers of Oriental Reed Warbler have declined substantially since the 1990s, a shown in Figure 11. This may be due to habitat changes in the Deep Bay area. Figure 11. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Oriental Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis 東方大葦鶯

201 Black-browed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps 黑眉葦鶯 I Common passage migrant and scarce winter visitor to reedmarsh and damp vegetated areas; extreme dates 25 August to 30 May, highest count 120 on 13 October 常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在蘆葦沼澤及潮濕植地, 日子在 8 月 25 日至 5 月 30 日之間, 最高紀錄為在 2001 年 10 月 13 日的 120 隻 First winter period: recorded at MPNR to 20 May with high count nine trapped there on 2 May, and at Long Valley to 24 March, high count two. Elsewhere, one at Tai O on 6 April, five at San Tin on 30 April, two at Pak Nai on 2 May and four at Yung Shue O on 10 May. Second winter period: recorded from 23 September with most records in October and November, from MPNR, high count 60 on 10 October with 34 trapped on 27 October, LMC, peak count 84 on 10 October, Long Valley, high count five, Yung Shue O, high count two and Tai O, high count six. Also recorded at Nim Wan, Tsim Bei Tsui, Nam Sang Wai, San Tin, She Shan, Tai Po Kau, Shing Mun Valley Park, Tsing Yi Park, southwest Lantau, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 269. Numbers have increased since the 1990s. Manchurian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus tangorum 遠東葦鶯 I VU Scarce autumn passage migrant to reedmarsh and damp vegetated areas, three winter and two spring records; extreme dates in autumn 2 September to 11 December. 稀少的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 有三項冬季紀錄及兩項春季紀錄, 出沒在蘆葦沼澤及潮濕植地, 日子在 9 月 2 日至 12 月 11 日之間 Regular records at MPNR in recent years suggest this is an important stopover location during autumn migration for this Vulnerable species. First winter period: one trapped at MPNR on 8 January. This is the fourth winter record. Second winter period: singles trapped at MPNR on 5, 18, 23 and 25 September. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

202 Plate 47 Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum 布氏葦鶯 Sha Tin Park, 2nd February 2014 沙田中央公園 2014 年 2 月 2 日 Wallace Tse 謝鑑超 Blyth s Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum 布氏葦鶯 I Rare winter visitor and migrant to reedmarsh and damp vegetated areas; eight records; extreme dates 5 October to 30 March. 罕有的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在蘆葦沼澤及潮濕植地, 有 8 項紀錄, 日子在 10 月 5 日至 3 月 30 日之間 One seen and photographed by many at Sha Tin Park from 17 January to 2 February (CFL). Thick-billed Warbler Iduna aedon 厚嘴葦鶯 I Scarce autumn migrant to shrubland and reedmarsh-edge with five winter and spring records; most records between 29 August and 30 November. 稀少的秋季遷徙鳥, 有五項冬與春季紀錄, 出沒在灌木叢及蘆葦沼澤邊沿, 主要時間在 8 月 29 日至 11 月 30 日之間

203 Another good year following a similar one in 2012 and Recorded at MPNR from 20 September to 5 December, a total of six birds with three trapped together on 27 October. Singles at Nam Sang Wai on 24 October and LMC on 28 October. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli 高山短翅鶯 I Uncommon winter visitor to mixed grassland-shrubland; rare breeding species in highest areas; highest count ten on 21 April 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在草原及灌木叢混雜區域, 也是在高地上罕見的繁殖鳥種, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 4 月 21 日的 10 隻 First winter period: recorded up to 19 April with singles and twos from MPNR, Lo Wu, Robin s Nest, Sha Tau Kok, Sha Lo Tung, Yung Shue O, Sham Chung, Pak Tam, Kowloon Peak and Tai O. Summer: six singing in the Tai Mo Shan area on 19 April was the peak count. Second winter period: singles recorded from 20 November at Tai Mo Shan, Yung Shue O, Tai O, Discovery Bay and on Po Toi. Peak counts in recent years are still showing an upward trend. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Baikal Bush Warbler Locustella davidi 北短翅鶯 I Seven records; extreme dates 6 September to 30 January. 七項紀錄, 日子在 9 月 6 日至 1 月 30 日之間 One trapped at MPNR on 5 September (JAA,PJL,DJS,KL), a new earliest date. Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata 矛斑蝗鶯 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant with a few late winter and spring records; occurs in a variety of vegetated habitats, extreme dates 2 September to 22 May, highest count 11 on 22 October 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 有少數深冬與春季紀錄, 出沒在各式植被生境上, 日子在 9 月 2 日至 5 月 22 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 10 月 22 日的 11 隻

204 Second winter period: recorded from 18 September to 18 November with most records from MPNR, peak count 21 including 10 trapped on 27 October (PJL), a new highest count. Also recorded over this period at Long Valley, high count two, at Yung Shue O, high count four and at Chek Lap Kok, high count two, with occasional singles at Fung Lok Wai, LMC, San Tin, Shuen Wan, She Shan and Po Toi. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 270. Numbers have increased since 2008, particularly numbers of birds trapped. Styan s Grasshopper Warbler Locustella pleskei 史氏蝗鶯 I VU Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor, mostly to reedmarsh and mangroves at MPNR; extreme dates 2 September to 12 May. 稀少的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 主要出沒在米埔自然護理區內的蘆葦沼澤及紅樹林, 日子在 2 月 9 日至 5 月 12 日之間 First winter period: recorded singing at the Mai Po boardwalk from 22 February to 6 May, peak count three on 25 April. Second winter period: one trapped at MPNR on 19 September and two calling at the Mai Po boardwalk on 11 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 270. Pallas s Grasshopper Warbler Locustella certhiola 小蝗鶯 I Common autumn passage migrant, scarce in spring and winter, to damp grassland and reedmarsh areas, though occasionally found in urban parks and other open areas on migration; extreme dates 23 August to 18 May, highest count 70 on 6 September 常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 冬春二季則稀少, 出沒在潮濕草原及蘆葦沼澤區域, 遷徙時偶有在市區公園及開闊原野出現, 日子在 8 月 23 日至 5 月 18 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 9 月 6 日的 70 隻 First winter period: one trapped at MPNR on 8 January and one at Tan Chuk Hang on 10 April. Then at MPNR from 2 to 28 May (JAA), a new latest date, mostly singles with two trapped on 13 May. Second winter period: recorded from 26 August to 10 December with most records at MPNR, including many trapped, peak count 23 trapped on 19 September. Also recorded, mostly singles, at Wetland Park, San Tin, Long Valley, high count four, Ma Tso Lung, Pak Sha O and Chek Lap Kok. Peak counts in recent years are given below. Most records are of trapped birds, and ringing effort may affect the peak counts in some years. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

205 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis 棕扇尾鶯 I Common passage migrant and winter visitor to grassy and reedmarsh areas, breeds in Deep Bay area and possibly elsewhere; highest count 100 on 5 December 常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在草地及蘆葦沼澤區域, 有在后海灣繁殖及可能還有其他地區, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 12 月 5 日的 100 隻 First winter period: recorded to 12 May with most records from MPNR, San Tin, Long Valley and Yung Shue O, high count ten at San Tin on 13 March. Breeding season: no records for the first time since Second winter period: more widespread than spring although most records again from northwest NT and Yung Shue O, peak count twelve at the Mai Po access road on 28 December with ten at Long Valley on 30 September, eight at Nim Wan on 19 September and eight at Yung Shue O on 9 October. Also recorded in northeast NT and Lantau, high count seven at Yi O on 18 October. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 270. This species has declined significantly since the 1990s when peak counts over 50 were regular at Long Valley, as shown in Figure 12. Figure 12. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis 棕扇尾鶯

206 Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis 金頭扇尾鶯 I Locally common winter visitor to grassland; extreme dates 19 August to 28 April, highest count 23 on 2 October 本地常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在草原, 日子在 8 月 19 日至 4 月 28 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 10 月 2 日的 23 隻 First winter period: recorded to 22 March from Tung Shing Lei near Yuen Long, Ta Kwu Ling, Robin s Nest, Sha Tau Kok, high count six on 12 January, Wu Kau Tang, Ng Tung Chai, Tai To Yan, Keung Shan and Tai O on Lantau. Second winter period: recorded from 1 September with all high counts from northeast NT, peak count seven at Ha Shan Kai Wat on 25 November with six at Ping Yeung on 24 December and five at Cloudy Hill on 4 September. Other records of singles or twos came from Tsim Bei Tsui, MPNR, Long Valley, Wu Kau Tang, Shuen Wan, She Shan, Tai Mo Shan, Yi O and Discovery Bay. The peak counts and number of locations from which this species has been recorded in recent years is given below A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 270. Goldenheaded Cisticola has expanded rapidly in Hong Kong since However, there are signs this expansion has stopped and may have slightly reversed - there have been fewer records from fewer locations in the last three years. The stronghold is now higher ground in northeast NT and possibly Lantau. Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris 黃腹鷦鶯 I Abundant resident in a variety of non-woodland habitats; highest count 96 on 7 April 大量的留鳥, 出沒在各式無樹木的環境 最高紀錄為 2009 年 4 月 7 日的 96 隻 Recorded throughout the year with the highest counts from systematic surveys at MPNR and Long Valley, peak count 43 at MPNR on 25 November with 40 there on 4 April and 20 at Long Valley on 3 March. Also widespread records in lower numbers from other locations in northwest NT and from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi

207 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata 純色鷦鶯 I Locally common resident in grassy and reed habitats; highest count 53 on 25 April 本地常見的留鳥, 出沒在茂盛草地及蘆葦叢 最高紀錄為 2013 年 4 月 25 日的 51 日 Recorded throughout the year with the highest counts from systematic surveys at MPNR and Long Valley, peak count 21 at MPNR on 5 March with 17 at Long Valley on 24 November. Also recorded from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, Lantau and Po Toi, high count 12 at Yung Shue O on 21 October. Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius 長尾縫葉鶯 I Widespread and common resident in diverse shrubland and wooded habitats. 常見且廣佈的留鳥, 出沒在各式灌木叢及林地 Widespread records in all months from all regions of HK, peak count 28 at Fung Yuen on 29 September with 21 at north Lantau on 14 September and 13 at Pak Sha O on 3 October. Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler Pomatorhinus ruficollis 棕頸鈎嘴鶥 IIA Widespread and locally common resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland; highest count 20 on 4 January 本地常見且廣佈的留鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 1 月 4 日的 20 隻 Recorded in all months with most records from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, peak count seven at Ng Tung Chai on 15 February and 13 December with six at Yung Shue O on 14 December. Two at Aberdeen CP on 1 March and one which flew into a fourth floor apartment at Braemar Hill on 24 June were the only records away from NT. Rufous-capped Babbler Stachyridopsis ruficeps 紅頭穗鶥 IIA Common resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland, mainly in the central NT; highest count 37. 常見的留鳥, 主要出沒在新界中部有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為 37 隻 Recorded in all months with all records except one from northeast, central, southeast and east NT. The widespread nature of this species in NT can be seen from high counts: peak count 14 at Ng Tung Chai, with other high counts 12 at Tai Lam, ten at Mai On Shan CP, Tai Po Kau and at Yung Shue O. One at Kam Tin on 23 March was the only other record - there were no records from islands

208 Huet s Fulvetta Alcippe hueti 黑眉雀鶥 IIA Uncommon resident of forest areas in central NT; highest count 25 on 11 January 不常見的留鳥, 出沒在新界中部的樹林, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 1 月 11 日的 25 隻 Recorded in most months and mostly from Tai Po Kau, peak count 14 there on 4 March. Also recorded at Shing Mun and Fo Tan, high count six. One at Bride s Pool on 15 December may be ex-captive. Peak counts in recent years are given below; numbers have increased since 2008 and the species was returned to the full HK List in A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Chinese Grassbird Graminicola striatus 大草鶯 I NT Scarce and localised resident of grassland above 200m in NT and on Lantau; highest count seven on 3 June 稀少的局部地區性留鳥, 出沒在新界及大嶼山海拔 200 米以上的草原, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 6 月 3 日的 7 隻 Recorded in summer from Tai Mo Shan and Tai To Yan, including juveniles. Elsewhere two at Robin s Nest on 22 March and one at Lantau Peak on 1 October. The Hong Kong population of this NT species may be globally important and observers are encouraged to submit all records to help understand the status of this species. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 270. Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus 畫眉 I Common and widespread resident in shrubland; highest count since The Avifauna, 21 on 2 May 常見且廣佈的留鳥, 出沒在灌木叢, 自 香港鳥類名錄 出版後, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 5 月 2 日的 21 隻 Recorded in all months from widespread locations in northeast, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Lamma, peak count nine at in Sai Kung East CP on 25 May and at southwest Lantau on 6 May. Singles at Kam Tin on 6 May and MPNR on 13 May may be ex-captive

209 Masked Laughingthrush Garrulax perspicillatus 黑臉噪鶥 I Abundant resident in diverse urban and rural lightly-wooded habitats; highest count since The Avifauna, 69 on 23 April 大量的留鳥, 出沒於市區及帶稀疏林地的鄉郊, 自 香港鳥類名錄 後最高紀錄為 2012 年 4 月 23 日的 69 隻 Widespread records in all months, peak count 48 at Ho Sheung Heung on 14 April and at MPNR on 8 August. Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush Garrulax pectoralis 黑領噪鶥 IIA Widespread and locally common resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland of NT and HK Island; highest count since The Avifauna, 40 on 5 January 廣泛分布及局部地區性常見的留鳥, 主要在有濃密樹冠的新界及香港島的灌木叢及林地 自 香港鳥類名錄 後最高紀錄為 2008 年 1 月 5 日的 40 隻 Recorded throughout the year from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, Kowloon and HK Island, peak count 50, mostly juveniles, at Tsiu Hang, Sai Kung on 24 August (MT). This is the highest count since The Avifauna. Peak counts in recent years show increasing counts for this woodland species: a graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Plate 48 Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush Garrulax pectoralis 黑領噪鶥 Shek Kip Mei, 22nd December 2014 石硤尾 2014 年 12 月 22 日 Peter Ho 何文顯

210 Black-throated Laughingthrush Garrulax chinensis 黑喉噪鶥 IIA Widespread and locally common resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland, in NT and on HK Island, its previous stronghold; highest count since The Avifauna, 14 on 28 November 本地常見且廣佈的留鳥, 出沒在新界及香港島有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 香港島曾為其主要盤踞地 自 香港鳥類名錄 後最高紀錄為 2005 年 11 月 28 日的 14 隻 Recorded throughout the year from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island and Lantau, peak count 12 at Ngau Kwu Leng, Lam Tsuen, on 19 April. Records of the dark-cheeked ''lugens" morph came from Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, TPK Headland and North Lantau CP. Observers are encouraged to look for and submit all records of this morph. White-browed Laughingthrush Garrulax sannio 白頰噪鶥 IIA Uncommon locally-distributed resident of shrubland and shrubland edge; highest count since The Avifauna, ten on 11 February 局部地區性的不常見留鳥, 主要出沒在灌木叢及其邊沿 自 香港鳥類名錄 後最高紀錄為 2008 年 2 月 11 日的 10 隻 Only five records, four from scattered locations at the northeast end of the Lam Tsuen valley, Tsui Keng, She Shan, Wun Yiu and Yuen Tun Ha, high count six. This appears to be the remaining stronghold of this species in NT. Eight on Cheumg Chau on 10 December Cheung Chau is the other remaining stronghold although numbers are decreasing here also. Blue-winged Minla Minla cyanouroptera 藍翅希鶥 IIB Locally common resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland of NT; highest count 50 on 8 September 本地常見的留鳥, 出沒在新界有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 9 月 8 日的 50 隻 Recorded in all months with most records from central NT, peak count 15 at Ng Tung Chai on 19 July with 14 at Tai Po Kau on 4 March. Also recorded from Pak Sha O in most months, high count five, and occasional records elsewhere in northeast, southeast and east NT. One at Wong Tai Sin on 5 October may be ex-captive

211 Silver-eared Mesia Leiothrix argentauris 銀耳相思鳥 IIB Locally common resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland in NT and HK Island; highest count 42 on 4 February 本地常見的留鳥, 出沒在新界及香港島有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 2 月 4 日的 42 隻 Recorded in all months with almost all records from central NT, peak count of 22 at Ng Tung Chai on 9 November, high counts 20 at Shing Mun and at TPK Headland. Elsewhere recorded from Lau Shui Heung, Wonderland Villas and Lung Fu Shan on HK Island. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 271. Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea 紅嘴相思鳥 IIA Uncommon localised resident in shrubland and woodland in central NT; highest count 30 on 25 January 不常見的局部地區性留鳥, 出沒在新界中部的灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 1 月 25 日的 30 隻 Recorded in most months from central NT, peak count 20 at Wonderland Villas, high counts 11 at Tai Po Kau and ten at Ng Tung Chai. Also five recorded at Shek Kip Mei, Kowloon, possibly ex-captive. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 271. Vinous-throated Parrotbill Sinosuthora webbiana 棕頭鴉雀 IIA Uncommon localised resident of upland dwarf bamboo, grassland and shrubland edge, almost exclusively reported from Tai Mo Shan; highest count 25 on 11 May 不常見的局部地區性留鳥, 出沒在高地上的矮竹叢 草原及灌木叢邊沿, 幾近所有紀錄皆在大帽山錄得 最高紀錄為 2002 年 5 月 11 日的 25 隻 Recorded at Tai Mo Shan in six months between January and September, peak count 15 on 29 June

212 Plate 49 Chestnut-collared Yuhina Yuhina castaniceps 栗耳鳳鶥 KFBG, 18th March 2014 嘉道理農場暨植物園 2014 年 3 月 18 日 Godwin Chan 陳錫能 Chestnut-collared Yuhina Yuhina castaniceps 栗耳鳳鶥 I Irruptive, otherwise uncommon, winter visitor to wooded areas, with occasional summer records; highest count 120 on 3 January 突發性激增, 否則是不常見的冬候鳥, 偶有夏季紀錄, 出沒在林地 最高紀錄為 2013 年 1 月 3 日的 120 隻 First winter period: higher numbers recorded to 8 March, mostly from central NT, peak count 44 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January with 36 at KFBG and 30 at Tai Po Kau on 13 January. Elsewhere flocks recorded at Hok Tau, Kowloon Hills Catchment and Mui Wo. Breeding season: nest building reported from KFBG and juveniles recorded at Ng Tung Chai. Second winter period: higher numbers recorded from 28 October from the same locations in central NT, high count 35 at Shing Mun on 11 November. Elsewhere 20 at Lau Shui Heung on 28 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 271. Although this species is irruptive, it is now recorded annually with higher peak counts than in the 1990s

213 Plate 50 Chestnut-flanked White-eye Zosterops erythropleurus 紅脇繡眼鳥 Tai Po Kau, 31st January 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 1 月 31 日 Sam Chan 陳迪琛 Chestnut-flanked White-eye Zosterops erythropleurus 紅脇繡眼鳥 I Scarce winter visitor to woodland areas; extreme dates 21 October to 8 April, highest count eight on 3 December 稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地 日子在 10 月 21 日至 4 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 12 月 3 日的 8 隻 First winter period: singles at Aberdeen CP on 29 January and Tai Po Kau on 31 January. Second winter period: singles at Pak Sha O on 15 November, Tai Po Kau on 23 November and Bride s Pool on 11 December. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: high counts in 2009 and 2010 may be due to a woodland census being done over this period

214 Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus 暗綠繡眼鳥 I Abundant and widespread resident of urban and rural wooded habitats with increased numbers in winter; highest count 300 on 4 January 大量且廣佈的留鳥, 冬季時數量較多, 出沒在市區及鄉郊的林地, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 1 月 4 日的 300 隻 Recorded in all months and from widespread locations, mostly from regular surveys at MPNR, Ho Sheung Heung, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Braemar Hill and Po Toi. Regular surveys show this species fluctuates in numbers over the year, but with peaks at different times in different locations. MPNR numbers usually peak in late summer, whereas numbers at Ho Sheung Heung, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Braemar Hill and Po Toi usually peak in mid-winter. Highest counts at these locations in 2014 were: 115 at MPNR on 22 September, 80 at Ho Sheung Heung on 14 April (unusually late), 30 at Yung Shue O on 16 February, 103 at Pak Sha O on 29 December, 30 at Braemar Hill on 13 December and 40 on Po Toi on 4 December. Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis 絨額鳾 IIB Locally common resident of mature woodland in central NT; highest count 20 on 4 January 本地常見的留鳥, 出沒在新界中部成長的林地, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 1 月 4 日的 20 隻 Recorded in all months from central NT, mostly Ng Tung Chai, Tai Po Kau and TPK Headland, peak count nine at Ng Tung Chai on 9 November. Also recorded at Fanling Golf Course, Hang Tau, Lau Shui Heung, Chinese University of HK, Tsing Yi Park and Pak Sha O. Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus 八哥 I Abundant resident of lowland habitats including urban areas; highest count 600 on 7 October 大量的留鳥, 出沒在包括市區的低地, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 10 月 7 日的 600 隻 Widespread records in all months, peak count 225 at Nim Wan on 3 September. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis 家八哥 IIB Locally common resident of open-country areas in the northwest NT; highest count 41 on 9 December 本地常見的留鳥, 出沒在新界西北部的開闊原野, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 12 月 9 日的 41 隻 Recorded in all months with most records from Deep Bay, Long Valley and Shek Kong, peak count 14 at Long Valley. Two at Hung Hom on 21 June and Tai Mei Tuk on 19 September with one at Discovery Bay on 25 December

215 Plate 51 Red-billed Starling Spodiopsar sericeus 絲光椋鳥 Long Valley, 17th November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 17 日 Yip Wai Hung 葉偉雄 Red-billed Starling Spodiopsar sericeus 絲光椋鳥 I Abundant winter visitor to open-country areas, mainly in northwest NT; recent years have seen summer records including breeding. Highest numbers occur from October to April, highest count 11,260 on 25 December 大量的冬候鳥, 近年有夏季及繁殖紀錄, 主要出沒在新界西北部的開闊原野, 數量高峰期在 10 月至 4 月之間, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 12 月 25 日的 11,260 隻 First winter period: most records from northwest NT and Lantau, peak count 2,068 in the February WC with 150 at Lut Chau on 2 February, 60 at Shuen Wan on 17 February and 104 at Pui O on 23 February. Breeding season: most records from MPNR, high count 46 there on 23 June. Second winter period: most records from northwest NT and Po Toi, high count 626 in the December WC with 44 at Airfield Road on 26 November and 150 at MPNR, 59 in Long Valley and 30 at Yung Shue O all on 22 December

216 Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts have been relatively stable since the 1990s except for exceptionally high numbers in the winter of A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page ,000 3,000 2,000 11,260 6,509 2,500 2,000 2,500 3,500 1,076 1,975 2,068 White-cheeked Starling Spodiopsar cineraceus 灰椋鳥 I Locally common winter visitor to open-country areas, particularly Deep Bay, with recent breeding records; mainly present October to April, highest count 430 on 14 December 本地常見的冬候鳥, 近年有繁殖紀錄, 主要出沒在后海灣的開闊原野, 主要出現在在十月至四月之間, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 12 月 14 日的 430 隻 Almost all records from the Deep Bay and Long Valley areas and Lantau. Once again, winter counts were low and the peak count was not in winter. First winter period: high counts 21 at Tai Sang Wai on 16 February and 23 at San Tin on 13 March with 12 at Long Valley on several dates. Two at Chek Lap Kok on 29 January. The peak count was 73 at MPNR on 23 April. Breeding season: small numbers including juveniles recorded from MPNR, Long Valley and Pui O. Second winter period: recorded from 7 September, high count only 14 at Ma Tso Lung on 31 December with 12 at Long Valley on several dates and singles at Tung Chung and Pui O. Two on Po Toi on 16 October. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 271. In the 1990s, White-cheeked Starling was exclusively a winter visitor and passage migrant. The species now breeds in Hong Kong but the numbers in winter and on passage have declined substantially, as shown in Figure 13. It is possible that different populations are involved in winter and summer

217 Figure 13. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - White-cheeked Starling Spodiopsar cineraceus 灰椋鳥 Black-collared Starling Gracupica nigricollis 黑領椋鳥 I Common resident of open-country, village edge and urban habitats; highest count 317 on 10 September 常見的留鳥, 出沒在開闊原野 鄉村周邊及市區, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 9 月 10 日的 317 隻 Widespread records in all months with high counts of birds going to roost, peak count 675 at MPNR on 20 January (JAA), a new highest count, and 196 at Tai Po Waterfront Park on 5 September. Daurian Starling Agropsar sturninus 北椋鳥 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant to open-country areas, rare in spring with three winter records; extreme passage dates 12 April to 12 May and 4 September to 13 November. Highest count 50 on 26 September 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 春季稀少, 有三項冬季紀錄, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 4 月 12 日至 5 月 12 日及 9 月 4 日至 11 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 9 月 26 日的 50 隻 First winter period: one at MPNR on 27 April

218 Autumn: peak count six including five males at Tai Po Waterfront Park on 5 September, an early date. Four at MPNR on 18 September and two, male and female, on Po Toi from 28 September to 12 October. Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts have been relatively stable except for exceptionally high numbers in autumn 2002 and A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Chestnut-cheeked Starling Agropsar philippensis 栗頰椋鳥 I Scarce passage migrant, mainly in autumn, to open-country areas; extreme dates 28 March to 30 April and 26 September to 20 November, highest count four on 22 April 主要在秋季稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 3 月 28 日至 4 月 30 日及 9 月 26 日至 11 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1989 年 4 月 22 日的 4 隻 Two, male and female, at MPNR from 24 to 27 April and a female on Po Toi on 4 May (PC et al.), a new latest spring date. One at MPNR on 20 November (KL) equals the latest autumn date. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: these have been evenly divided between spring and autumn White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis 灰背椋鳥 I Locally common passage migrant and breeding species, and uncommon winter visitor to open-country and village edge habitats mainly in the northwest NT; breeding population has increased due to the use of artificial nest sites; highest count 120 on 23 September 局部地區性常見的過境遷徙鳥和繁殖鳥種, 也是不常見的冬候鳥, 主要出沒在新界西北的開闊原野及鄉村周邊, 使用了人工鳥巢後繁殖群體數量有所增加, 最高紀錄為 2006 年 9 月 23 日的 120 隻 First winter period: one at Nim Wan on 9 January. Spring passage from 26 March, most records from northwest NT and Lantau, high count 24 at MPNR on 11 April with 20 at Shuen Wan on 31 March. Breeding season: recorded from Pak Nai, Nim Wan, MPNR, LMC and Ho Sheung Heung and Pui O, high count 112 at LMC on 21 July

219 Second winter period: recorded to 23 October, an early final date, with most records from MPNR, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count 950 going to roost at the Mai Po access road on 2 September (JAA), easily a new highest count, with 30 at Nim Wan on 3 September and Po Toi on 25 September. Estimated number of birds in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 271. Peak counts have been relatively constant except for Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabaricus 灰頭椋鳥 I Rare winter visitor, with four previous records; extreme dates 12 January to 17 March. Birds that breed in Kowloon Park are considered to derive from ex-captive individuals. 罕見的冬候鳥, 有四項紀錄, 日子在 1 月 12 日至 3 月 17 日之間, 在九龍公園繁殖的鳥相信是由逸鳥所生 Two records at Kowloon Park following none in 2013, four on 14 February, the highest count since 2007, and one on 17 July. This species may be just holding on in Kowloon Park. Rosy Starling Pastor roseus 粉紅椋鳥 I Rare visitor, mostly autumn juveniles; extreme dates 24 September to 28 April. 罕見候鳥, 主要是幼鳥在秋季出現 日子在 9 月 24 日至 4 月 28 日之間 An adult male at San Tin from 25 January to 17 March (DJS et al.). A juvenile at LMC on 3 November (PJL). Estimated number of birds in recent years: Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 紫翅椋鳥 I Scarce late autumn passage migrant and winter visitor to open country areas; extreme dates 16 October to 10 April, highest count 12 on 11 January 稀少的深秋過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 10 月 16 日至 4 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1987 年 1 月 11 日的 12 隻 First winter period: two at San Tin on 8 January and Tai Sang Wai on 14 February, one at LMC on 26 February

220 Second winter period: one on Po Toi on 26 October. Then recorded at Long Valley from 8 November to 7 December, high count six on 10 November, with one at MPNR on 20 November and up to six at Tai Sang Wai from 22 November to 26 December but 25 there on 23 November (J&JH), a new highest count. Two at San Tin on 2 December. Peak counts in recent years are given below: numbers fluctuate considerably. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina 橙頭地鶇 I Scarce winter visitor and passage migrant, and rare breeding species in forest and closedcanopy shrubland; highest count four on 14 April 稀少的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 也是罕見的繁殖鳥種, 出沒在樹林及有濃密樹冠的灌木叢, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 4 月 14 日的四隻 First winter period: singles at Ma On Shan on 27 March, Chek Lap Kok on 10 April, Tai Po Kau on 19 April and a singing male at Pak Sha O on 14 May. Breeding season: records of juveniles at Lai Chi Wo, Shing Mun and Tai Po Kau. Second winter period: recorded from 21 September to 1 November at Lau Shui Heung, Shing Mun and Tai Po Kau with three there on 21 September. A pair at Ho Man Tin from 3 to 19 October and then at Kowloon City Walled Park from 20 October to 1 November. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 272. More breeding season records are now being reported. Siberian Thrush Geokichla sibirica 白眉地鶇 I Scarce migrant and winter visitor to wooded areas; extreme dates 16 September to 23 April, highest count four on 7 February 稀少的遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 9 月 16 日至 4 月 23 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 2 月 7 日的 4 隻 Second winter period: a female at Tai Po Kau on 17 October. Estimated number of birds in recent winters are given below: passage is most common in the first two weeks of October and winter records have occurred in six winters from 2002/03 to 2013/14. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/

221 White s Thrush Zoothera aurea 懷氏地鶇 I Uncommon winter visitor and migrant to woodland edge and open woodland; extreme dates 30 September to 8 May, highest count nine on 21 January 不常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地邊沿及開闊林地, 日子在 9 月 30 日至 5 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 1 月 21 日的 9 隻 First winter period: recorded up to 21 April from widespread locations in north, central and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Cheung Chau, Lamma and Po Toi, high count four at Pui O on 26 January with three at many locations. Second winter period: recorded from 20 October, mostly in central and east NT and Po Toi, high count two. Peak counts in recent winter are given below: winter 2013/14 was a good one for this species. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Grey-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum 灰背鶇 I Common winter visitor and migrant to lightly-wooded areas, shrubland and forest; extreme dates 1 November to 27 April, highest count 70 on 11 February 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在疏落林地 灌木叢及樹林, 日子在 11 月 2 日至 4 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 1 月 11 日的 70 隻 First winter period: recorded to 5 April from north, central and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count 11 at Ho Sheung Heung on 3 February. Second winter period: recorded from 16 November from north, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, high count eight at Ho Sheung Heung on 24 November. Peak counts in recent winters are given below: numbers are lower than the 1990s except for winters 2006/07 and 2007/08. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis 烏灰鶇 I Common winter visitor and migrant to wooded areas; extreme dates 25 October to 8 May, highest count 56 on 25 November 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 10 月 25 日至 5 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 11 月 25 日的 56 隻

222 First winter period: recorded to 10 April from north, central and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count 24 on Po Toi on 7 January, the second highest count since The Avifauna, with ten at TPK Headland on 17 March. Second winter period: recorded from 31 October from north, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, high count seven at Pak Sha O on 13 December. Peak counts in recent winters are given below: a graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Chinese Blackbird Turdus mandarinus 烏鶇 I Common winter visitor and migrant to lightly wooded areas, rare breeding species; typically present early October to March; highest count 500 on 24 November 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 也是罕見繁殖鳥種, 出沒在稀疏的林地, 通常出現在十月至三月之間, 最高紀錄為 1988 年 11 月 24 日的 500 隻 First winter period: recorded up to 31 March from north, central, southeast and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau and Lamma, high count 18 at Ng Tung Chai on 2 January and Ho Sheung Heung on 6 January. Breeding season: breeding for the eighth successive year near the MPNR car park. A juvenile at LMC on 9 July. Second winter period: widespread records from 5 September from NT and islands, peak count of 56 at Hang Tau on 8 November with 49 at Yung Shue O on 26 December and 48 at Shuen Wan on 28 November. Peak counts in recent winters are given below: peak counts almost always occur in the second winter period. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus 白眉鶇 I Uncommon passage migrant and scarce winter visitor although with some high counts, to lightly wooded areas, extreme dates 13 October to 16 May, highest count 150 on 27 April 雖然有少數大量紀錄, 但為不常見的遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地, 日子在 10 月 13 日至 5 月 16 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1988 年 4 月 27 日的 150 隻

223 First winter period: singles to 16 February at Fung Yuen, KFBG, TPK Headland and Tung Chung. Spring passage from 3 April to 6 May with records at Palm Springs, Tai To Yan, Tai Mo Shan with five on 27 April, Tai Po Kau, Ma On Shan, Ho Man Tin, Shek Pik, south Lamma with eight on 4 April, and Po Toi. Second winter period: recorded from 12 November at MPNR, KFBG, Tai Mo Shan, peak count ten on 25 November, Tai Po Kau, TPK Headland, Wonderland Villas, Ma On Shan CP, Cheung Shueng, Pak Sha O, Kowloon Park and Po Toi. Peak counts in recent year are given below: numbers have fallen since 2003, before which peak counts were frequently above 40, mostly from KFBG in early November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Pale Thrush Turdus pallidus 白腹鶇 I Common winter visitor and migrant to lightly wooded areas, extreme dates 4 November to 1 May, highest count 51 on 21 January 常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地, 日子在 11 月 4 日至 5 月 1 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 1 月 21 日的 51 隻 First winter period: recorded to 28 February, an early date, with most records from central NT and islands, high count three on Po Toi on 21 January. Second winter period: recorded from 9 November with most records again from central NT and islands, peak count 21 on Po Toi on 18 December. Peak counts in recent winters are given below: winter 2013/14 was a poor one for this species but 2014 had a good second winter period for numbers, particularly on Po Toi which is a winter stronghold for this species. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Brown-headed Thrush Turdus chrysolaus 赤胸鶇 I Scarce winter visitor and migrant to lightly-wooded areas, extreme dates 20 November to 4 May, highest count three on 22 November 稀少的冬候鳥及遷徙鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地, 日子在 11 月 20 日至 5 月 4 日, 最高紀錄在 2012 年 11 月 22 日的 3 隻 First winter period: singles at Long Valley on 1 January, Yung Shue O on 24 January, TPK Headland on 27 January and 22 February and at Chek Lap Kok on 9 April

224 Second winter period: one on Po Toi from 18 November (CFL), a new earliest date, to 18 December with two there on 4 December and one at Shing Mun on 17 December. Estimated number of birds in recent winters are given below: numbers have been consistently higher since winter , partly due to better understanding of identification. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Plate 52 Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus 斑鶇 Long Valley, 22nd November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 22 日 Jason Pun 潘士強 Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus 斑鶇 I Scarce, previously irruptive, winter visitor to open country areas; extreme dates 31 October to 5 May. Highest count 100 on 18 February 1984, an irruption year. 曾為突發性激增的鳥種, 現為稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 10 月 31 日至 5 月 5 日之間, 最高紀錄 1984 年 2 月 18 日的 100 隻, 為數量激增的一年

225 Second winter period: recorded from 18 November to 5 December with singles at MPNR, Long Valley and on Po Toi. Estimated number of birds in recent winters are given below: numbers can vary considerably between years. The last major influx was in 1995 when an estimated 147 birds were recorded in the first winter period. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Plate 53 Chinese Thrush Turdus mupinensis 寶興歌鶇 Victoria Peak Garden, 22nd January 2014 山頂公園 2014 年 1 月 22 Martin Hale 夏敖天 Chinese Thrush Turdus mupinensis 寶興歌鶇 I Three winter records; extreme dates 18 November to 24 March. One at Victoria Peak Garden from 17 January to 1 February (ET et al.), the fourth HK record

226 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis 鵲鴝 I Abundant resident in urban and rural areas, including mangrove. 大量的留鳥, 出沒在市區及鄉郊地區, 包括紅樹林 Widespread records from all regions including urban centres, peak count 17 at Lam Tsuen on 27 December with 16 at Long Valley on 31 March and 15 at MPNR on 25 November. Plate 54 Grey-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta 灰紋鶲 Po Toi Island, 6th May 2014 蒲台 2014 年 5 月 6 日 Thomas Chan 陳土飛 Grey-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta 灰紋鶲 I Uncommon passage migrant, mostly in spring, to shrubland and open woodland; extreme dates 25 March to 26 May and 29 August to 24 November; highest count 50 on 8 May 1999 in the aftermath of Typhoon Leo. 主要在春季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在灌木叢及開闊林地, 日子在 3 月 25 日至 5 月 26 日及 8 月 29 日至 11 月 24 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 8 日颱風 利奧 過後的 50 隻

227 Spring: one at Yung Shue O on 5 April was an early record. Then recorded from 21 April to 13 May in north, central and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Po Toi and Tung Ping Chau, peak count 30 at southwest Lantau on 6 May with 18 at Tung Ping Chau on 10 May. Autumn: recorded from 11 September to 9 November with most records from Po Toi, high count two there with singles from Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O, Ho Man Tin and Chek Lap Kok. Peak counts in recent years are given below: these are mostly in spring. High counts in the last two years have come from an extensive region (southwest Lantau) at the peak spring migration period in early May. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica 烏鶲 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant to woodland areas, with five spring records; extreme dates 31 March to 8 May and 26 August to 26 December, highest count five on 19 September 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 有五項春季紀錄, 出沒在林地, 日子在 3 月 31 日至 5 月 8 日及 8 月 26 日至 12 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 9 月 19 日的 5 隻 Autumn: recorded from 9 September to 24 November, mostly from central and east NT, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count three on Po Toi on 23 September and at Pak Sha O on 28 September. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 273. Numbers have increased since the 1990s. Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa latirostris 北灰鶲 I Common autumn passage migrant and winter visitor to open and closed-canopy woodland areas; extreme dates 26 August to 12 June; highest count 40 on 18 October 常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在開闊及有濃密樹冠的林地, 日子在 8 月 27 日至 6 月 12 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1959 年 10 月 18 日的 40 隻 First winter period: winter records mostly from MPNR, Ho Sheung Heung and central NT, high count three at Airfield Road on 25 February. Spring passage from 2 April to 12 May, singles only with most records from Po Toi. Second winter period: a good autumn passage from 31 August to end November with widespread records although mostly from MPNR, Long Valley, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, TPK Headland, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count eight on Po Toi on 30 September

228 with six at MPNR on 6 October. December records from MPNR, Ho Sheung Heung, Tai Po Kau and Chek Lap Kok, high count three at MPNR. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 273. Numbers have decreased since the 1990s. Plate 55 Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa latirostris 北灰鶲 Po Toi Island, 9th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 9 日 Vivian Cheung 張香妹 Brown-breasted Flycatcher Muscicapa muttui 褐胸鶲 I Five records before 2012, extreme dates 2 September to 13 April. Successful breeding in Tai Po Kau in 年前 5 項紀錄, 日子由 9 月 2 日至 4 月 13 日, 2012 年在大埔滘成功繁殖 Successful breeding at Tai Po Kau (KPK, KWS). A pair first recorded showing courtship behaviour on 10 April subsequently bred and successfully reared at least three young, although their first and second nests were destroyed by predators. Last record of an adult on 12 July and a juvenile on 16 August. An adult at Shing Mun on 15 September (AP)

229 Ferruginous Flycatcher Muscicapa ferruginea 棕尾褐鶲 I Uncommon spring passage migrant to shrubland and woodland with five autumn records; extreme dates 3 March to 2 May and 23 September to 8 November, highest count five on 1 April 不常見的春季過境遷徙鳥, 有五項秋季紀錄, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 日子在 3 月 3 日至 5 月 2 日及 9 月 23 日至 11 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 4 月 1 日的 5 隻 Spring: a poor spring with only two records. Singles at Tai Po Kau on 28 March and on Po Toi on 5 April. Autumn: one at Tai Po Kau on 16 October is the sixth autumn record. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 273. Numbers are stable. Hainan Blue Flycatcher Cyornis hainanus 海南藍仙鶲 I Locally common summer visitor, passage migrant and scarce winter visitor to closed-canopy shrubland and woodland habitats; approximate dates for peak numbers 24 March to 30 September, highest count 13 on 13 June 局部地區性常見的夏候鳥 過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地, 數量最多約在 3 月 24 日至 9 月 30 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 6 月 13 日的 13 隻 One at Aberdeen CP on 29 January. Recorded from 5 April to 27 September from north, central and east NT, HK Island, Cheung Chau and Tung Ping Chau, peak count seven at Ng Tung Chai and Shing Mun, with records throughout the summer from Lai Chi Wo, Ng Tung Chai, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, TPK Headland and Yung Shue O. Winter records mostly from Yung Shue O and Pak Sha O. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 273. Numbers have increased since the 1990s. Chinese Blue Flycatcher Cyornis glaucicomans 中華仙鶲 I Five records; extreme dates 16 January to 2 May. 四個紀錄, 在 1 月 16 日至 5 月 2 日之間錄得 A male at MPNR on 29 and 30 November (J&JH). This is the sixth record, and the earliest. Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher Rhinomyias brunneata 斑胸鶲 I VU Rare autumn migrant, with seven records; extreme dates 28 August to 8 October. 罕見秋季遷徙鳥, 有七項紀錄, 日子在 8 月 28 日至 10 月 8 日

230 Singles at Ho Man Tin on 26 September (JC) and on Po Toi on 30 September (GW). Singles at Tsing Yi Park on 29 November (KCC) and Shek Kip Mei from 26 December to year end (JC) were both considered ex-captive. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Fujian Niltava Niltava davidi 棕腹大仙鶲 I Scarce winter visitor to woodland; extreme dates 22 October to 10 April. 稀少的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 10 月 22 日至 4 月 10 日之間 First winter period: single males at KFBG on 9 January and at Tai Po Kau from 23 January to 9 March. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: Fujian Niltava has been recorded annually and in higher numbers since Small Niltava Niltava macgrigoriae 小仙鶲 I Rare autumn and winter visitor to woodland; extreme dates 25 October to 4 March. 稀少的秋候鳥及冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 10 月 25 日至 3 月 4 日之間 A male and female at Shing Mun from 27 to 30 November and a male at Bride s Pool from 7 to 15 December. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: Small Niltava has been recorded annually since Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana 白腹姬鶲 I Locally common passage migrant, mainly in spring, to woodland areas; extreme dates 25 February to 4 May and 29 August to 28 December, highest count 15 on 2 April 主要在春季本地常見的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 2 月 25 日至 5 月 4 日及 8 月 29 日至 12 月 28 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1983 年 4 月 2 日的 15 隻

231 Spring: recorded from 22 March to 13 April from MPNR, Ng Tung Chai, Ho Man Tin, Fan Lau, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi, peak count two. One on Po Toi on 4 May equals the latest spring date. Autumn: singles recorded from 27 September to 7 December from Ng Tung Chai, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O, Hoi Ha, Ho Man Tin, Lung Fu Shan and Po Toi, peak count two. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 274. Numbers have increased since the 1990s. Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassina 銅藍鶲 I Uncommon winter visitor to woodland areas; extreme dates 9 September to 15 April, highest count six on 26 February 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 9 月 9 日至 4 月 15 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2012 年 2 月 26 日的 26 隻 First winter period: singles recorded to 24 March, mostly from northeast and central NT, particularly Shing Mun, and Pui O. Second winter period: recorded from 23 September with widespread reports from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count four at Chai Wan on 18 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 274. Numbers are relatively stable. Lesser Shortwing Brachypteryx leucophris 白喉短翅鶇 I Locally common resident and winter visitor to closed-canopy shrubland and woodland, a recent colonist; highest count ten on 24 November 近年在本地落地生根, 現為本地常見的留鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地 最高紀錄為 2012 年 11 月 12 日的 7 隻 Recorded in most months, particularly in March/April (calling birds) and in November/December, with most records from northeast, central and east NT, particularly Ng Tung Chai, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau and Yung Shue O, peak count five at Ng Tung Chai on 9 November. One on Po Toi on 18 March. The number of locations from which it has been recorded in recent years is given below: the first record of Lesser Shortwing in Hong Kong was in Although the number of locations in 2014 is less than 2013, records came from three new locations in northeast and east NT and the species is clearly expanding its range in these areas

232 Plate 56 Lesser Shortwing Brachypteryx leucophris 白喉短翅鶇 Tai Po Kau, 13th April 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 4 月 13 日 Y W Fong 房遠榮 Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora cyane 藍歌鴝 I Scarce passage migrant to shrubland and woodland, with four winter records; extreme passage dates 1 April to 29 April and 4 September to 21 October, highest count three on 25 September 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 有四項冬季紀錄, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 日子在 4 月 1 日至 4 月 29 日及 9 月 4 日至 10 月 21 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 9 月 25 日的 3 隻 The best autumn for this species since Spring: a female trapped at MPNR on 17 April. Autumn: recorded from 11 September to 5 October, mostly first-winter male and female singles, from Lau Shui Heung, Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Ho Man Tin, Mount Austin, Tai O and Po Toi, peak count three at Pak Sha O on 19 September and an estimated total of 11 different birds

233 Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: a graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Rufous-tailed Robin Larvivora sibilans 紅尾歌鴝 I Common winter visitor and passage migrant to woodland and closed-canopy shrubland; extreme dates 16 October to 23 April, highest count 33 on 17 November 常見的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地及有濃密樹冠的灌木叢, 日子在 10 月 16 日至 4 月 23 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 11 月 17 日的 33 隻 First winter period: recorded to 11 April from central, southeast and east NT, Lantau, Cheung Chau, Lamma and Po Toi, mostly singing birds in March and April, high count four at Pak Sha O on 22 February. Second winter period: one at Ho Man Tin on 13 October was considered ex-captive. Recorded from 26 October from northeast, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count nine at Tai Po Kau on 27 November and southwest Lantau on 6 December. One trapped at MPNR on 5 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 274. Japanese Robin Larvivora akahige 日本歌鴝 I Rare winter visitor to woodland; extreme dates 19 November to 29 March, highest count two on 4 February 罕見的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 11 月 19 日至 3 月 29 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 2 月 4 日的 2 隻 A male at Tai Po Kau on 20 December. Bluethroat Luscinia svecica 藍喉歌鴝 I Locally common winter visitor to damp, lowland open country areas, including reedmarsh; extreme dates 27 September to 6 May, highest count 13 on 28 January 本地常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在低地中的潮濕開闊原野, 包括蘆葦沼澤, 日子在 9 月 27 日至 5 月 6 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1994 年 1 月 28 日的 13 隻 First winter period: recorded to 17 March at LMC and Long Valley, high count two. One at Fung Lok Wai on 25 April. Second winter period: recorded from 9 October at MPNR, Long Valley and Yung Shue O, peak count four at Long Valley on 30 November

234 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 274. Bluethroat is no longer seen in higher numbers on spring migration as it was in the 1990s, as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Bluethroat Luscinia svecica 藍喉歌鴝 Siberian Rubythroat Calliope calliope 紅喉歌鴝 I Common winter visitor and passage migrant to grassland-shrubland, open country and reedmarsh; extreme dates 24 September to 10 May, highest count 59 on 27 November 本地常見的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在混雜在草原的灌木叢 開闊原野及蘆葦沼澤, 日子在 9 月 24 日至 5 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 11 月 27 日的 59 隻 First winter period: recorded to 11 April, mostly from MPNR, Long Valley and the Yung Shue O area, high count five on Lamma on 5 January. One at Tung Ping Chau on 10 May equals the latest spring date. Second winter period: recorded from 3 October with most records from northwest, northeast and east NT, peak count 18 at southwest Lantau on 6 December with 14 trapped at MPNR on 27 October. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

235 White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura 白尾藍地鴝 I No previously accepted Category I records. 之前並無第 I 類的紀錄 A female on Cheung Chau from 14 to 22 February (MDW). Acceptance of this record as Category I was followed by a review of all previous records of White-tailed Robin and the acceptance of the following into Category I 23 January 1993 a male at Tai Po Kau 11 January to 10 February 2004 a male at Tai Po Kau 17 December 2011 a male at TPK Headland 26 to 31 December 2012 a female at Shing Mun A female at Pak Sha O from 29 to 31 December 2014 (GJC) was also accepted, making a total of six records as at end Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus 紅脇藍尾鴝 I Common winter visitor and passage migrant to shrubland and woodland, numbers variable each winter; extreme dates 23 October to 18 April, highest count 39 on 21 January 常見的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 每年冬季的數量皆不穩定, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 日子在 10 月 23 日至 4 月 18 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 1 月 21 日的 39 隻 First winter period: recorded to 12 April although with most records in January and February, from north, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma, Po Toi and Tung Ping Chau, peak count 28 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January, the highest since The Avifauna. Second winter period: recorded from 6 November from north, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, high count five. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

236 Plate 57 Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus 灰背燕尾 Tai Po Kau, 3rd May 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 5 月 3 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus 灰背燕尾 I Occasional visitor to streams in closed-canopy woodland and shrubland, at least one breeding record. 茂密樹林及灌木叢中河溪的偶見候鳥, 至少有一項繁殖紀錄 One photographed at Tai Po Kau from 1 to 3 May. Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus 紫嘯鶇 I Common and widespread resident in closed-canopy shrubland and woodland, often near streams and in urban áreas; highest count 12 on 18 November 常見且廣佈的留鳥, 出沒在近溪水及市區有濃密樹冠的灌木叢及林地 ; 最高紀錄為 2013 年 11 月 18 日的 12 隻 Recorded in all months from widespread locations including city centres in all regions except northwest NT, peak count only four

237 Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia 白眉姬鶲 I Uncommon autumn passage migrant to shrubland and woodland with rare spring records; extreme dates 5 to 30 April and 2 August to 17 October, highest count ten on 9 September 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥亦有春季紀錄, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 日子在 4 月 5 日至 30 日及 8 月 2 日至 10 月 17 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2000 年 9 月 9 日的 10 隻 Spring: a female at the Mai Po car park on 13 April is a rare spring record. Autumn: one at Chek Lap Kok on 7 August was an early record. Then singles recorded from 29 August to 1 October at MPNR, Robin s Nest, Tai Po Kau, Sai Kung LNEC, Yung Shue O, Chek Lap Kok and Po Toi. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 274. Numbers have declined sunstantially since the 1990s, when most records were of birds trapped at MPNR and KFBG. Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina 黃眉姬鶲 I Uncommon spring and rare autumn passage migrant to woodland areas; extreme dates 19 March to 2 May and 7 October to 16 December, peak count five on 3 April Most records are of nominate narcissina but there have been records of owstoni in recent years. 不常見的春季過境遷徙鳥及罕見秋季遷過境徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 3 月 19 日至 5 月 2 日及 10 月 7 日至 12 月 16 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2004 年 4 月 3 日的 5 隻 主要紀錄為 narcissina 鳥種, 但近年也有 owstoni 鳥種的紀錄 Spring: recorded from 1 April to 21 April from MPNR, TPK Headland, Pak Sha O, Ho Man Tin, peak count two, Mount Davis, Chek Lap Kok, Discovery Bay, south Lamma and Po Toi. A first-winter male on Po Toi on 10 May (LWC) is a new latest spring record. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 275. Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki 鴝姬鶲 I Uncommon autumn migrant and scarce winter visitor and spring migrant to woodland areas; extreme dates 10 October to 15 May, highest count 30 on 23 November 不常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥 稀少的冬候鳥和春季遷徙鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 10 月 10 日至 5 月 15 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1969 年 11 月 23 日的 30 隻 First winter period: no records for the first time since Second winter period: recorded from 12 October to 22 December at Long Valley, Lau Shui Heung, Bride s Pool, Tai Mo Shan, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O, Pak Sha O, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Park, Lung Fu Shan, Tai O, Fan Lau, Pui O and Po Toi, peak count six at Shing Mun on 29 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

238 Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher Ficedula strophiata 橙胸姬鶲 I Rare winter visitor; extreme dates 28 November to 28 February. 罕見冬候鳥 ; 日子在 11 月 28 日至 2 月 28 日間 An adult male at Ng Tung Chai on 14 February and at Lung Fu Shan on 8 December. Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva 紅胸姬鶲 I Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 26 October to 27 April. 稀少的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 10 月 26 日至 4 月 27 日之間 Another good year for this species, which is being recorded in increasing numbers since the first accepted record in First winter period: winter singles at Tai Sang Wai, Kam Tin, MPNR, Long Valley and Ho Man Tin. One remained at MPNR until 12 April. Second winter period: one at Nam Sang Wai on 24 October (MH) is an earliest autumn record, Then singles recorded from 31 October to 6 December at MPNR (at least two birds), Ngau Tau Kok, Mount Davis, Braemar Hill and on Po Toi. Estimated number of birds in recent years: Red-throated Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla 紅喉姬鶲 I Common migrant and winter visitor to lightly wooded and open country habitats; extreme dates 13 September to 27 April, highest count 12 on 25 October 常見的遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地及開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 13 日至 4 月 27 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1981 年 10 月 25 日的 12 隻 First winter period: recorded to 24 February from MPNR, Long Valley, Sha Ling, Airfield Road, Mui Shue Hang, Yung Shue O, Sham Chung and Shap Long, Lantau, high count two. Singles at Nam Sang Wai on 5 April and MPNR on 28 April (JAA), a new latest spring date. Second winter period: recorded from 30 September at more widespread locations in north, central and east NT, Kowloon, Lantau, Cheung Chau and Po Toi, peak count seven at Beas River on 6 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

239 Plate 58 Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus 北紅尾鴝 Po Toi Island, 8th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 8 日 Jason Pun 潘士強 Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus 北紅尾鴝 I Common winter visitor to shrubland and open woodland; extreme dates 13 October to 2 May, highest count 48 on 17 November

240 常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在灌木叢及開闊原野, 日子在 10 月 13 日至 5 月 2 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 11 月 17 日的 48 隻 First winter period: recorded to 9 April from north, central and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, high count 20 at south Lantau catchwater on 16 February with 13 at MPNR on 3 January. Second winter period: recorded from 27 October from north, central, southeast and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, peak count 24 on Po Toi on 18 November and at southwest Lantau on 6 December. Peak counts in recent winters: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 275. Recorded numbers are increasing. 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Plumbeous Water Redstart Rhyacornis fuliginosa 紅尾水鴝 I Uncommon winter visitor to rocky streams and water catchments; extreme dates 24 October to 19 April. 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在石澗及儲水池, 日子在 10 月 24 日至 4 月 19 日之間 First winter period: a pair at Chung Mei from 12 January to 26 February. Singles at Airfield Road and Sha Tin on 31 January and at Tso Kung Tam on 21 February. Second winter period: singles at Sha Tin on 22 November and Lung Fu Shan on 8 December, a pair at Bride s Pool from 9 to 14 December, a male at Mui Shue Hang on 25 December and a female at Chung Mei on 30 December. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius 藍磯鶇 I Locally common passage migrant and winter visitor, mostly to rocky or coastal areas but sometimes village edge or farmland, with isolated summer records; typically present September to May, highest count 14. Two subspecies occur, philippensis and pandoo, with most records being philippensis. 局部地區性常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 有個別夏季紀錄, 主要出沒在岩石叢或沿岸區域, 間有出沒在鄉村邊沿或農地上, 典型在九月至五月之間出現, 最高紀錄為 14 隻 有兩個亞種,philippensis 及 pandoo, 紀錄以 philippensis 為主

241 First winter period: recorded to 27 April from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, high count four there on 16 January. Second winter period: recorded from 21 August from northeast and central NT, Kowloon, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi, peak count seven there on 29 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 275. Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush Monticola rufiventris 栗腹磯鶇 I Rare winter visitor, mainly to KFBG; extreme dates 2 October to 2 April. 罕見冬候鳥, 主要在嘉道理農場, 日子由 10 月 2 日至 4 月 2 日 The male and female at KFBG at year end 2013 remained there to at least 15 January. White-throated Rock Thrush Monticola gularis 白喉磯鶇 I Rare passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 11 October to 28 March. 稀少的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 10 月 11 日至 3 月 28 日之間 The first winter male at KFBG at year end 2013 remained there to at least 18 January (P&MW) with a different first winter male there on 4 March (JH). Stejneger s Stonechat Saxicola stejnegeri 黑喉石 I Common passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 20 August to 6 May, highest count 60 on 6 November 常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 8 月 20 日至 5 月 6 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1993 年 11 月 6 日的 60 隻 First winter period: recorded to 6 May, equalling the latest spring record, mostly from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley areas but also from the northeast, central and east NT and Lantau, high count 23 at Long Valley on 20 January. Second winter period: two at Tai Mo Shan on 17 August (GH) is a new earliest record for the second year in succession. Then from 29 August from more widespread locations in north, central and east NT and Lantau, peak count 25 at Long Valley on 21 October with 12 at She Shan on 16 October. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 275. Numbers are decreasing

242 Grey Bush Chat Saxicola ferreus 灰林 I Scarce winter visitor and passage migrant; extreme dates 14 September to 20 April, highest count four on 13 April 稀少的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 日子在 9 月 14 日至 4 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1955 年 4 月 13 日的 4 隻 First winter period: two at Keung Shan, Lantau on 1 January with singles at Long Valley from 1 to 6 January, Mount Davis on 16 January, Mo Tat, Lamma on 27 January, Sandy Ridge on 22 February, Yung Shue O from 22 February to 3 April and at MPNR on 3 April. Second winter period: singles at Pak Sha O on 31 October, Lai Chi Wo from 19 to 23 December and at Tsing Yi Park from 24 December to year end. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 275. Orange-bellied Leafbird Chloropsis hardwickii 橙腹葉鵯 I Uncommon resident and winter visitor in closed-canopy woodland; highest count five on 4 October 不常見的留鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在有濃密樹冠的林地, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 10 月 4 日的 5 隻 Recorded in all months except August from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, peak count three at Tai Po Kau on 9 February. Fire-breasted Flowerpecker Dicaeum ignipectus 紅胸啄花鳥 I Uncommon winter visitor and rare breeding species in shrubland and woodland areas; highest count eight on 7 April 不常見的冬候鳥, 有稀少的繁殖鳥種, 出沒在灌木叢及林地, 最高紀錄為 2002 年 4 月 7 日的 8 隻 A good year for this species with more widespread records than usual. First winter period: recorded up to 22 March from Tai Lam CP, Shek Kong, peak count six on 26 January, Ng Tung Chai, KFBG, Tai Po Kau, TPK Headland, Yung Shue O, Sham Chung and the Pak Tam Trail. Breeding season: singing at Tai Po Kau with a juvenile photographed on 10 July. Also recorded at Yung Shue O. Second winter period: recorded from 17 October at Bride s Pool, high count four on 9 December, Sha Lo Tung, Shing Mun, Tai Po Kau, Yung Shue O, Cheung Sheung with high count four on the Pak Tam Trail on 27 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

243 Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker Dicaeum cruentatum 朱背啄花鳥 I Common resident of open woodland and village edge; highest count 20 on 10 November 常見的留鳥, 出沒在開闊的林地及鄉村邊沿, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 11 月 10 日的 20 隻 Recorded in all months and from widespread locations in north, central, southeast and east NT, Kowloon and Lantau, peak count 11 at Luk Keng on 28 September. Mrs. Gould s Sunbird Aethopyga gouldiae 藍喉太陽鳥 I Rare visitor in late winter and spring; extreme dates 15 January to 20 March. 冬末及春季的罕見候鳥, 日子在 1 月 15 日至 3 月 20 日之間 An exceptional year for this species which was first accepted to the HK List in A male at Shing Mun on 16 February, up to three, two males and a female, at KFBG from 24 February to 27 March (KW et al.), a new highest count, a female at Tai Po Kau from 16 March to 6 April (KPK), a new latest date, and at least two males at Chai Wan from 20 to 22 March. Fork-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga christinae 叉尾太陽鳥 I Common and widespread resident and winter visitor in woodland and shrubland; highest count 32 on 21 April 常見且廣佈的留鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在林地及灌木叢, 最高紀錄為 2008 年 4 月 21 日的 32 隻 Recorded in all months and from all regions including islands with most records and high counts in winter months, peak count 27 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January with 17 at Pak Sha O on 15 November. House Sparrow Passer domesticus 家麻雀 I No previous Category I records. 沒有紀錄 Following acceptance of Russet Sparrow into Category I (see below), the Records Committee decided to review the two previous records of House Sparrow. It was agreed to accept the following record as the first accepted record in Category I. 2012: one male and two females at Long Valley from 3 to 6 November 2012 (AC et al.). It was also decided to retain the other record, a male at Mui Wo from 27 to 30 December 1994 (The Avifauna p505), as Category III

244 Plate 59 House Sparrow male and female Passer domesticus 家麻雀 Long Valley, 3rd November 2012 塱原 2012 年 11 月 3 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Plate 60 Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans 樹麻雀 Long Valley, 29th October 2014 塱原 2014 年 10 月 29 日 K C Kong 江覺忠

245 Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans 山麻雀 I Rare autumn migrant and early winter visitor; extreme dates 4 October to 31 December, highest count 14 on 27 October 罕見秋季候鳥及初冬候鳥 ; 日子在 10 月 4 日至 12 月 31 日間 ; 最高紀錄為 2012 年 10 月 27 日的 14 隻 A male at Long Valley at end 2013 recorded to 5 January (A&BL), a new latest date. Up to two males at Long Valley from 14 to 29 October and a female there from 10 to 16 November. Following acceptance of these records, the Records Committee decided to move Russet Sparrow into Category I. This was followed by a review of all recent records of Russet Sparrow and the acceptance of the following into Category I 27 October to 6 November 2011 four, two males and two females, at Long Valley 29 October 2011 a male at Tsim Bei Tsui 4 October 2012 a male trapped at MPNR 25 October to 2 November 2012 up to 14 on 27 October, at least six each males and females, at Long Valley 15 December 2012 a male on Po Toi 14 December 2013 a male at Ma Tso Lung 28 to 31 December 2013 a male at Long Valley Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 樹麻雀 I Abundant resident of lowland habitats, commensal with man; higher numbers sometimes recorded in fish pond areas and on offshore islands in spring. Highest count 500 on 27 January 大量且與人類社會共處的留鳥, 出沒在低地, 春季時, 間有在魚塘區域及離島錄得高數量, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 1 月 27 日的 500 隻 A widespread urban resident species, peak count 410 at San Tin on 26 April with 291 at Long Valley on 20 January

246 Plate 61 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata 白腰文鳥 Long Valley, 10th November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 10 日 Yip Wai Hung 葉偉雄 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata 白腰文鳥 I Common resident of lightly-wooded urban and village-edge habitats; highest count 350 on 25 July 常見的留鳥, 出沒在有稀疏林地的市區及鄉村邊沿, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 7 月 25 日的 350 隻 Highest counts usually in response to seeding rice, peak count 250 at Lai Chi Wo on 16 July with 115 at Long Valley on 29 July. Elsewhere, widespread but with most counts below ten, high count 30 at Airfield Road on 26 January. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 276. Numbers have increased substantially since 2008 with rice planting at Long Valley

247 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata 斑文鳥 I Abundant resident in open-country grassy habitats; highest count 580 on 29 August 大量的留鳥, 出沒在開闊原野的草原, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 8 月 29 日的 580 隻 Most records from MPNR and Long Valley systematic counts, peak count 618 at Long Valley on 30 December (IT), a new highest count, with 261 at MPNR on 8 August. Elsewhere the highest counts were 64 at Nim Wan on 9 January and 60 at She Shan on 6 September. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 276. Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus 山鶺鴒 I Uncommon passage migrant, mostly in autumn, scarce in winter; occurs mainly in mature secondary broadleaf forest, but also a variety of other wooded habitats; extreme dates 28 July to 1 May, highest count three. 主要在秋季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 冬季時稀少, 主要出沒在成熟的次生濶葉林, 亦有出沒在其他各式的林地, 日子在 7 月 28 日至 5 月 1 日之間, 最高紀錄為 3 隻 First winter period: singles at Cheung Sheung on 4 January, Shing Mun from 14 to 21 January, Mui Shue Hang from 19 January to 15 February and The Peak on 31 January. One on Po Toi on 3 May (JAA,MH,JL) and one at Yi O on 6 May (JAA), both new latest spring dates and the first May dates since Second winter period: singles recorded from 5 to 21 September at Tai Po Waterfront Park, Tai Po Kau, TPK Headland, Discovery Bay and Po Toi. One at Tai Po Kau from 26 October to 6 December and at Lau Shui Heung on 11 November. Estimated number of birds in recent years: A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 276. Numbers have increased since Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis 東黃鶺鴒 I Most records from northwest NT and Lantau. Counts of this species appear to have fallen in recent years. Observers are encouraged to record the taxon whenever possible. 請觀鳥者踴躍匯報此鳥種的紀錄 M.t. taivana Common passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 22 August to 18 May, highest count 1,000 on 12 February

248 常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 8 月 22 日至 5 月 18 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1989 年 2 月 12 日的 1,000 隻 Recorded up to 3 May, peak count 70 at MPNR on 26 April, and from 3 September, high count 30 at Tai Sang Wai on 23 November. M.t. macronyx Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 9 September to 20 May, highest count 50 on 7 October 不常見的過境遷徙鳥及冬候鳥, 日子在 9 月 9 日至 5 月 20 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 10 月 7 日的 50 隻 In the first winter period, recorded up to 21 February, high count three. In spring, recorded from 18 April to 3 May, peak count four. In the second winter period, recorded from 19 September to 15 November, peak count 30 at San Tin on 13 November. M.t. tschutschensis Common passage migrant, mostly in spring, and scarce winter visitor; extreme dates 20 August to 25 May, highest count 3,840 on 4 May 主要在春季常見的過境遷徙鳥和稀少的冬候鳥, 日子在 8 月 20 日至 5 月 25 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 4 日的 3,840 隻 Singles at Long Valley on 16 February and the Mai Po access road on 23 February. In spring, recorded between 27 April and 7 May, peak count 100 at San Tin on 7 May with 65 at Long Valley on 3 May. In autumn, recorded from 21 August to 8 December, high count seven. Records unascribed to taxon 不指定亞種 Common passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 15 August to 8 June. 常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 8 月 15 日至 6 月 8 日之間 Recorded up to 19 May and from 19 August, mostly from Deep Bay, Long Valley and Lantau, peak count 120 at LMC on 8 May with 101 at southwest Lantau on 6 May and 66 at Long Valley on 28 October. Peak counts (all subspecies) in recent years are given below: spring roost counts above 2,000 occurred occasionally between 1997 and A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

249 Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola 黃頭鶺鴒 I Uncommon winter visitor and migrant; extreme dates 30 September to 10 May; highest count five on 17 April 不常見的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 日子在 9 月 30 日至 5 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2010 年 4 月 17 日的 5 隻 All records from the Long Valley area. First winter period: recorded up to 7 April, peak count five on 12 January and 5 February, equalling the current highest count. Second winter period: recorded from 12 October, high count four on 23 November. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: numbers have been consistently higher since A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 灰鶺鴒 I Common winter visitor and passage migrant, mostly to watercourses but also other lowland wetland areas; extreme dates 28 July to 31 May with occasional summer records, highest count 1,000 on 16 October 常見的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 偶有夏季紀錄, 主要出沒在水道, 亦有出沒在其他潮濕的低地, 日子在 7 月 28 日至 5 月 31 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1991 年 10 月 16 日的 1,000 隻 First winter period: widespread records from all NT regions and islands to 14 May, peak count 34 at southwest Lantau on 6 May with 26 at Pak Nai on 4 May and 19 in the Lam Tsuen valley on 2 February. Second winter period: recorded at Ng Tung Chai from 11 July (JAA) with two there on 27 July, and at Lai Chi Wo on 16 July (WFL), all earlier than the previous earliest autumn date. Then widespread records from 3 August, high count 15 at Airfield Road on 26 November. Peak counts in recent years are given below are given below: mangrove roost counts at MPNR prior to 2005 regularly exceeded 100. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

250 White Wagtail Motacilla alba 白鶺鴒 I A widespread species although most records and high counts from northwest NT. Observers are encouraged to record the taxon whenever possible, in particular, breeding season reports and records of M.a. ocularis. 請觀鳥者踴躍匯報此鳥種的紀錄, 尤其是繁殖季節紀錄及 M.a. ocularis 鳥種紀錄 M.a. leucopsis Common and present all year but most common on spring passage and in winter, usually in wetland areas but also breeds in other lowland habitats, including village and village-edge, parks and gardens, residential housing; highest count 200 on 18 February 全年可見的鳥, 但在春季過境時及冬季則最常見, 常出沒在濕地區域, 亦有在其他低地繁殖, 包括鄉村及其邊沿 公園 花園及民居地方, 最高紀錄為 1997 年 2 月 18 日的 200 隻 First winter period: peak count 36 at Kam Tin on 26 January with 20 at Pui O on 16 February. Breeding season: recorded from MPNR, high count 27 on 10 June, Tai Long Wan, Shek Pik and Tung Ping Chau. Second winter period: high count 30 at Airfield Road on 26 November. M.a. ocularis Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 24 September to 17 May; highest count 190 on 25 March 不常見的遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 9 月 24 日至 5 月 17 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1995 年 3 月 25 日的 190 隻 First winter period: recorded to 18 April, peak count 55 at Nim Wan on 9 January. Second winter period: recorded from 17 October, high count seven at Airfield Road on 26 November. M.a. lugens Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 1 October to 12 April, highest count four on 28 December 稀少的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 日子在 10 月 1 日至 4 月 12 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2011 年 12 月 28 日的 28 隻 Singles at San Tin on 21 January and 2 March and Yi O on 6 December. A leucopsis x alboides hybrid at Chek Lap Kok throughout 2013 was also there throughout A leucopsis x lugens hybrid at Airfield Road on 26 November. Records unascribed to taxon; highest count 3,000 on 26 October 不指定亞種, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 10 月 26 日的 3000 隻

251 Widespread records in both winter seasons from all regions of NT and islands. First winter period: high count 48 at Long Valley on 17 February with 36 at Kam Tin on 26 January. Breeding season: recorded from Nim Wan, MPNR, Long Valley and Lai Chi Wo. Second winter period: peak count 74 at Long Valley on 27 October with 39 at Nim Wan on 3 September. Peak counts in recent years are given below: high roost counts in excess of 300 occurred in several years in the 1990s. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Plate 62 Richard's Pipit Anthus richardi 理氏鷚 Long Valley, 2nd February 2014 塱原 2014 年 2 月 2 日 Jason Pun 潘士強 Richard s Pipit Anthus richardi 理氏鷚 I Common passage migrant, winter visitor and locally common resident; migratory taxa occur in low-lying open country areas, particularly agricultural land and are common on passage, particularly autumn, and in winter; highest count 102 on 12 October 1979; resident taxon A.r. sinensis is locally common and breeds in grassy and open country areas, often in upland areas; highest count 15 on 20 July

252 在秋冬二季的常見過境遷徙鳥, 尤以秋季為最 冬候鳥和本地的留鳥, 遷徙鳥種多 出沒在低地上的開闊原野, 尤其是農地, 最高紀錄為 1979 年 10 月 12 日的 102 隻 A.r. sinensis 為本地常見的留鳥鳥種, 其多在高地上的草原及開闊原野繁殖, 最高紀錄為 2003 年 7 月 15 日的 15 隻 First winter period: recorded up to 6 May with most records from Long Valley, high count 11 on 3 February, Sham Chung, peak count 14 on 29 January and Chek Lap Kok, high count four. Breeding season: recorded from Ho Sheung Heung, Tai Mo Shan and Shuen Wan, high count four. Second winter period: recorded from 10 September with most records again from Long Valley, high count 13 on 15 December. Regular records also from Lai Chi Wo, Sham Chung, Tai O and Chek Lap Kok, high count there 12 on 14 October. Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts for this species have been low for the last three years in spite of regular counts at Long Valley. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni 樹鷚 I Common winter visitor and passage migrant to lightly wooded and open country areas, including village edge and parks; extreme dates 15 September to 15 May, highest count 150 on 9 January 常見的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在稀疏的林地及開闊原野, 包括鄉村邊沿及公園, 時間在 9 月 15 日至 5 月 15 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1961 年 1 月 9 日的 150 隻 First winter period: recorded to 4 May from the north, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island, Lantau, Lamma and Tung Ping Chau although with most records from the Long Valley area, peak count 103 there on 28 January, the highest since The Avifauna. Other high counts 47 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January and 25 at Pui O on 16 February. Second winter period: recorded from 27 September from widespread locations in north, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island, Lantau and Po Toi, high count 76 at Long Valley on 22 December with 25 at Ho Pui on 26 December and 22 at Yi O on 6 December. Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts for this species have increased over the last five years, probably due to regular counting at Long Valley. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

253 Plate 63 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni 樹鷚 Lions NEC, 17th January 2014 獅子會自然教育中心 2014 年 1 月 17 日 Ken Tsang 曾兆威 Pechora Pipit Anthus gustavi 北鷚 I Scarce passage migrant to damp, lowland areas with dense vegetation; extreme dates 9 April to 29 May and 3 September to 10 November, highest count 103 on 3 May 1999 (Typhoon Leo). 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在低地上潮濕且濃密的植地中, 日子在 4 月 9 日至 5 月 29 日及 9 月 3 日至 11 月 10 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1999 年 5 月 3 日 ( 颱風 利奧 期間 ) 的 103 隻 Spring: five at MPNR on 2 May including one trapped, one at Shuen Wan on 4 May, 25 at MPNR on 7 May including four trapped and one trapped at MPNR on 13 May. Autumn: singles at MPNR on 4 and 12 September with two trapped there on 18 September, singles at Chek Lap Kok from 19 to 22 September, trapped at MPNR on 13 October and at Long Valley on 16 October. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 277. Numbers recorded have been high in three of the last four years

254 Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus 紅喉鷚 I Common passage migrant and winter visitor to lowlands, usually in wet areas; extreme dates 16 September to 17 May, highest count 250 on 17 April 常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 多出沒在潮濕的低地上, 日子在 9 月 16 日至 5 月 17 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 4 月 17 日的 250 隻 First winter period: recorded to 17 April with most records from the Deep Bay area, Long Valley and Lantau, peak count 38 at Long Valley on 17 February with 37 at Airfield Road on 26 January. Second winter period: recorded from 30 September, mostly from Long Valley, high count 35 there on 14 October with seven at Chek Lap Kok on 14 October. Peak counts in recent years A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 277. Numbers on spring passage have declined substantially since the 1990s, as shown in Figure 15 below Figure 15. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus 紅喉鷚

255 Buff-bellied Pipit Anthus rubescens 黃腹鷚 I Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor to lowland wetland areas; extreme dates 18 October to 12 April, highest count 20. 不常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在潮濕的低地上, 日子在 10 月 18 日至 4 月 12 日之間, 最高紀錄為 20 隻 First winter period: peak count 13 at Nim Wan on 9 January, up to three at Long Valley between 18 January and 9 March and up to four at Pui O between 26 January and 1 March. Second winter period: singles at MPNR on 13 October (PJL), a new earliest autumn date, Ma Tso Lung on 19 October, Long Valley from 19 October to year end and at LMC from 3 to 24 November. Peak counts in recent years are given below: numbers have been consistently higher since 2006, possibly due to greater familiarity with identification. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta 水鷚 I One record, 7 to 15 December 一個紀錄 2000 年 12 月 7 至 15 日 One at Sha Po marsh on 20 November (PJL) is the second HK record. Upland Pipit Anthus sylvanus 山鷚 I Uncommon but widespread resident in upland grassland; highest count 20 in late August 不常見但廣佈的留鳥, 出沒在高地上的草原, 最高紀錄為 1983 年 8 月下旬的 20 隻 Recorded from upland areas as follows Ma On Shan from 30 March to 12 April, Sunset Peak, Lantau, on 13 April and 25 May, peak count five, Lantau Peak on 14 and 29 June and Tai Mo Shan on 29 June. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 277. Numbers are stable

256 Brambling Fringilla montifringilla 燕雀 I Scarce passage migrant with one winter record; extreme dates 3 March to 28 April and 21 October to 29 November, highest count seven on 2 April 稀少的過境遷徙鳥, 有一項冬季紀錄, 日子在 3 月 3 日至 4 月 28 日及 10 月 21 日至 11 月 29 日之間 Spring: one at Long Valley on 6 January is the second winter record. Then single males at Nam Chung on 5 April and MPNR on 9 April with two at Long Valley on 10 April. Autumn: a male on Po Toi on 12 October (WD at al.) is a new earliest autumn record. Then recorded from 26 October to 20 November on Po Toi, at least four different birds, and one at Long Valley from 10 to 24 November. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: numbers have been consistently higher since A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Chinese Grosbeak Eophona migratoria 黑尾蠟嘴雀 I Common winter visitor and scarce breeding species in recent years, in wooded, open-country habitats; mostly present November to mid-april, highest count 130 on 30 December 常見的冬候鳥, 近年有稀少的繁殖鳥種, 出沒在有林木的開闊原野, 主要在十一月至四月中旬之間出現, 最高紀錄為 1988 年 12 月 30 日的 130 隻 First winter period: widespread records from north and central NT, Sai Kung, Lantau, Cheung Chau and Po Toi, although in low numbers, high counts 20 at Mui Shue Hang on 19 January and 15 at Sandy Ridge on 22 February. Breeding season: no records in May and June; recorded from the MPNR area in July, high count two with no juveniles reported. Second winter period: less widespread records, mostly from MPNR, peak count there 25 on 15 December. One at Pak Sha O from 21 November. Peak counts in recent years show a fall in numbers. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

257 Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus 普通朱雀 I Scarce winter visitor and migrant to open-country areas; extreme dates 28 September to 3 May, highest count 33 on 13 January 稀少的冬候鳥和遷徙鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 28 日至 5 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1980 年 1 月 13 日的 33 隻 A very good year following two poor ones. First winter period: one at Ho Chung on 16 January. Then a large flock recorded at Shek Kong catchment and Airfield Road, from 26 January to 23 February, peak count 31 on 13 February, the highest count since One at Tai O on 24 February. One at Sai Kung on 10 May (AH) with two on Po Toi also on 10 May (GT,RWL), both latest spring dates. Second winter period: two at Long Valley on 26 and 27 October and one on Po Toi on 4 November. Peak counts in recent years show occasional high counts but no obvious change in numbers. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Grey-capped Greenfinch Chloris sinica 金翅雀 I Scarce resident of open country and village edge; much reduced in numbers since 1970s but with an increase in records in recent years; highest count since 1999, 30 on 17 October 稀少的留鳥, 自 1970 年代數量大幅減少, 但近年紀錄有所增加, 出沒在開闊原野及鄉村邊沿,1999 年後最高紀錄為 2010 年 10 月 17 日的 30 隻 The recovery of this species continues with three new locations and high counts. First winter period: two at Ta Kwu Ling, a new location, on 16 January, two at Long Valley from 1 to 5 February with one there from 10 to 25 April and three at Tuen Mun on 15 April. Breeding season: 14 at Robin s Nest, another new location, on 23 June and a juvenile at Tuen Mun on 5 July. Second winter period: recorded from 14 November at Lai Chi Wo, peak count 40 on fishpond bunds there on 19 December, the highest count since Two at Yung Shue O, the third new location, on 14 December with 14 at Kuk Po and two at Luk Keng on 30 December. The peak counts and number of locations from which this species has been recorded in recent years is given below and shows the recent increase. Most high counts come from the northeast NT where the species appears to be well established. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

258 Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus 黃雀 I Scarce and irruptive winter visitor to woodland areas; extreme dates 13 October to 4 April, highest count 60 on 28 November 稀少及有突發性激增的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地, 日子在 10 月 26 日至 4 月 4 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1990 年 11 月 28 日的 60 隻 First winter period: a male on Po Toi on 4 May was possibly ex-captive. Second winter period: six on Po Toi from 28 October with two there on 9 November. A single flock of 40 at Shing Mun Reservoir on 19 November. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 278. Crested Bunting Emberiza lathami 鳳頭鵐 I Once a common resident, now rare, with no records between 2000 and 曾為常見但現在稀少的留鳥,2000 至 2009 年間未有任何紀錄 A female at Long Valley from 16 November to 6 December. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: this species was breeding in Hong Kong until A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos 白頭鵐 I No records. 沒有紀錄 A female at Long Valley from 11 to 19 November (CMH). Acceptance of this record as Category I was followed by a review of all previous records of Pine Bunting and the acceptance of the following into Category I 25 December 2005 a male at Tai Mo Shan (BM)

259 Tristram s Bunting Emberiza tristrami 白眉鵐 I Uncommon winter visitor to woodland and shrubland areas; extreme dates 20 October to 1 May, highest count 27 on 9 February 不常見的冬候鳥, 出沒在林地及灌木叢, 日子在 10 月 20 日至 5 月 1 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2013 年 2 月 9 日的 27 隻 First winter period: an average year by recent standards following the exceptional year in Recorded to 16 March from northeast, central and east NT, peak count 18 at Tai Lam CP on 1 January, other high counts five at Wonderland Villas on 20 February and four at Hok Tau, Ng Tung Chai and Yung Shue O. Unusually, only one record of a single at Tai Po Kau. One at Victoria Peak garden on 19 January was the only record away from NT. Second winter period: a male photographed on Po Toi on 19 October (HI) is an earliest autumn date. Then recorded from 26 October from northeast, central, southeast and east NT, HK Island and Po Toi, high count five at Route Twisk on 26 November with three at Ma On Shan CP on 23 December. Peak counts in recent winters are given below: two good winters in and following a decline in numbers from A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page /03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/ Chestnut-eared Bunting Emberiza fucata 栗耳鵐 I Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in autumn, with some winter records, to grassland and open country areas; extreme dates 6 October to 12 May, highest count 30 on 19 January 主要在秋季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 有小量冬季紀錄, 出沒在草原及開闊原野, 日子在 10 月 6 日至 5 月 12 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1967 年 1 月 19 日的 30 隻 First winter period: one at Long Valley to 17 March. Then one at Sandy Ridge on 19 March, two at LMC on 25 March and at San Tin from 4 April to 7 May, a late date. Second winter period: recorded at Long Valley from 12 October to year end, high count four on 2 November. Recorded at Deep Bay wetlands from 18 October to 20 November, peak count five at Ma Tso Lung on 19 October. Elsewhere singles at Yung Shue O and Pak Sha O on 24 October, Yi O on 18 November and Shing Mun on 2 December. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page

260 Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla 小鵐 I Common winter visitor and passage migrant in open country areas, especially inactive dry agriculture; extreme dates 24 September to 26 May, highest count 150 on 15 December 常見的冬候鳥和過境遷徙鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 尤其是乾旱的棄耕地上, 日子在 9 月 24 日至 5 月 26 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1985 年 12 月 15 日的 150 隻 First winter period: most records to end March from the Deep Bay area and Long Valley, high count nine at Ho Sheung Heung on 26 January. Records in this period also from Robin s Nest, Sha Tau Kok and Cheung Sheung. All records from islands, Lantau and Po Toi, from 5 April to 12 May, high count seven at Yi O on 6 April. Second winter period: recorded from 11 October, most records from MPNR, Long Valley, Yung Shue O, Lantau and Po Toi, although peak count 26 at Ping Yeung on 24 December with 20 at MPNR on 26 November and 13 at Ho Sheung Heung on 24 November. Peak counts in recent years: A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 278. This species has declined significantly since the 1990s on both passages, particularly spring, and in winter, as shown in Figure 16 below. Little Bunting used to be a widespread and common in Hong Kong: it no longer is. Figure 16. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla 小鵐

261 Yellow-browed Bunting Emberiza chrysophrys 黃眉鵐 I Scarce migrant and rare winter visitor to open-country areas; extreme dates 22 September to 1 May; highest count five on 15 November 稀少的遷徙鳥及罕見冬候鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 22 日至 5 月 1 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 11 月 15 日的 5 隻 First winter period: no records for the first year since Second winter period: one at Long Valley from 10 to 14 October, two on Po Toi from 26 October to 2 November, another at Long Valley on 14 November. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: 2014 was a poor year by recent standards. A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica 田鵐 I Rare winter visitor; extreme dates 3 November to 20 April. 罕見的冬候鳥, 日子在 11 月 3 日至 4 月 20 日之間 Up to four, two males and two females, at Long Valley from 14 to 21 November (PJL,DJS) and a female there on 15 December (IT). Estimated number of birds in recent years: Yellow-throated Bunting Emberiza elegans 黃喉鵐 I Rare passage migrant and winter visitor; extreme dates 7 November to 8 April, highest count eight on 16 November 罕見遷徙鳥及冬候鳥, 日子在 11 月 7 日至 4 月 8 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2009 年 11 月 16 日的 8 隻 A male on Po Toi on 12 April (SMW), a new latest spring date. A female on Po Toi on 6 November (GW), a new earliest autumn date, with another at Wetland Park on 15 November (CYH). Estimated number of birds in recent years:

262 Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola 黃胸鵐 I EN Common autumn passage migrant but with a recent decline in numbers, scarce in spring and rare in winter, to open-country areas; extreme dates 28 August to 23 May, highest count since 1999, 300 on 20 October 常見的秋季過境遷徙鳥, 但近來數量在下降, 春季時稀少, 冬季則罕見, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 8 月 28 日至 5 月 23 日之間, 自 1999 年後最高紀錄為 2002 年 10 月 20 日的 300 隻 First winter period: one at Long Valley on 6 January. In spring, singles at Long Valley from 17 April to 1 May and MPNR from 2 to 13 May with one at San Tin on 7 May. Second winter period: recorded from 2 October with most records and all high counts from Long Valley between 4 and 15 November, peak count 120 on 10 November, the highest since 2002, and high counts 54 on 4 November and 60 on 15 November. Also recorded from the Deep Bay area, Lai Chi Wo, Yung Shue O, Tai O and Yi O, high count four. Peak counts in recent years are given below: low counts from 2005 to 2011 have recovered slightly, probably due to conservation efforts at Long Valley A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 279. As is well known, this species has declined substantially in south China since the 1990s and before, and Hong Kong is no exception, as shown in Figure 17 below. The decline of other bunting species, Little, Black-faced and possibly Chestnut, is perhaps less well known. Figure 17. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola 黃胸鵐

263 Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila 栗鵐 I Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in autumn, with occasional winter records, to shrubland areas; extreme dates 28 September to 16 May, highest count 200 on 6 November 主要在秋季不常見的過境遷徙鳥, 偶有冬季紀錄, 出沒在灌木叢區域, 日子在 9 月 28 日至 5 月 16 日之間, 最高紀錄為 2000 年 11 月 6 日的 200 隻 First winter period: recorded from 24 April to 4 May with single males at Yung Shue O, Mount Davis, Tai O, Chek Lap Kok and two males, adult and first year, on Po Toi. A male at Yung Shue O on 28 May (DT) is a new latest spring date. Second winter period: recorded from 16 October to 9 December from MPNR, peak count ten on 12 November, Long Valley, Tai Mo Shan, one ringed on 9 December, Yung Shue O, high count eight on 18 October, and Po Toi. Peak counts in recent years are given below: peak counts have declined since the 1990s when counts over 100 were quite regular. A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 279. Peak counts have declined since the 1990s when counts over 100 on autumn passage were quite regular, as shown in Figure 18 below. Figure 18. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila 栗鵐

264 Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala 黑頭鵐 I Scarce autumn migrant and winter visitor with one spring record to open-country habitats; extreme dates from 4 October to 14 February and 15 April, highest count three. 稀少的秋季遷徙鳥和冬候鳥及一個春季紀錄, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 10 月 4 日至 2 月 14 及 4 月 15 日之間, 最高紀錄為 3 隻 First winter period: the winter plumage adult male at Long Valley at the end of 2013 remained until 2 January. Second winter period: an immature at Long Valley on 7 October with the same or another there from 26 October to 17 November. Estimated number of birds in recent years are given below: the first accepted record was in 1992 and has been recorded annually at Long Valley since A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page Japanese Yellow Bunting Emberiza sulphurata 硫黃鵐 I VU Scarce spring passage migrant with a few recent autumn records, to open-country areas; extreme dates 27 March to 8 May and 30 October to 4 December, highest count 17 on 6 April 稀少的春季過境遷徙鳥, 近有數個秋季紀錄, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 3 月 27 日至 5 月 8 日及 10 月 30 日至 12 月 4 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1996 年 4 月 6 日的 17 隻 Spring: no records for the first year since Autumn: a female at Long Valley from 2 to 11 November, three, including a male, on Po Toi from 4 to 9 November and two at Ma Tso Lung on 9 November. This is the first year of records only in autumn since autumn records first occurred in A graph of estimated number of birds by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 279. Estimated number of birds in spring and autumn in recent years:

265 Plate 64 Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala 灰頭鵐 Po Toi Island, 9th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 9 日 Peter and Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala 灰頭鵐 I Common passage migrant and winter visitor to open-country areas; extreme dates 19 September to 3 June, highest count 200 on 24 March 常見的過境遷徙鳥和冬候鳥, 出沒在開闊原野, 日子在 9 月 19 日至 6 月 3 日之間, 最高紀錄為 1992 年 3 月 24 日的 200 隻 First winter period: recorded up to 13 May from north, central and east NT, Lantau and Po Toi, high count ten between Tai O and Yi O on 6 April with eight at Ho Sheung Heung on 20 January and Lin Au on 29 March. Second winter period: recorded from 14 October with most records from the Deep Bay area, high count nine at Nim Wan on 4 November, the Long Valley area, peak count 13 at Ho Sheung Heung on 15 December, Yung Shue O, high count seven on 22 December, and Po Toi, high count six on 18 November. Peak counts in recent years:

266 A graph of peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 is given on page 279. This species has suffered a substantial decline since the 1990s, particularly on spring passage when peak counts averaged 50 and were frequently higher, as shown in Figure 19 below. Figure 19. Weekly Occurrence vs Comparison Graph - Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala 灰頭鵐 Pallas s Reed Bunting Emberiza pallasi 葦鵐 I Rare autumn migrant; extreme dates 28 September to 14 December. 罕見秋季遷徙鳥 ; 日子在 9 月 28 日至 12 月 14 日間 A juvenile trapped at MPNR on 7 October (JAA,PJL,DJS,KL) with an adult female trapped there on 10 December (JAA,DJS). An adult male at Long Valley from 4 to 22 November (IT et al). Japanese Reed Bunting Emberiza yessoensis 紅頸葦鵐 I NT One record, an adult female trapped on 21 November 一個紀錄 1992 年 11 月 21 日捕獲一隻成年雌鳥 A first winter male trapped at MPNR on 18 November (JAA,PJL,DJS). This is the second HK record, on a very similar date to the first

267 Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus 蘆鵐 I Rare winter visitor; extreme dates 27 December to 15 April. 罕見冬候鳥 ; 日子在 12 月 27 日至 4 月 15 日間 A first winter female trapped at MPNR on 11 November (PJL,DJS), the first November record, with another first winter female trapped there on 12 November (JAA,PJL,DJS), the second November record

268 CATEGORY III Species for which all published HK records are considered likely to relate to birds that have escaped or have been released from captivity. Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus III A male at Nam Chung on 28 September. Palm Cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus III One at Long Valley on 7 January (IT). Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus III One at Shing Mun on 24 November. Indochinese Green Magpie Cissa hypoleuca III One at Bride s Pool on 26 February (ET). This is the first HK record. Mongolian Lark Melanocorypha mongolica III One taken into care at KFBG from Wong Tai Sin on 17 December. Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush Garrulax monileger III Five at Tai Po Kau on 1 February and up to five there between 7 September and 8 October (KPK). One at Yuen Long Park on 13 April (MC). Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa III One at Tam Kon Chau on 17 January (YYT). Great Myna Acridotheres grandis III Up to six recorded at MPNR and from the Mai Po access road between 4 April and 7 December (JAA et al.). This species was previously recorded as White-vented Myna A. cinereus in The Avifauna. White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus III A male at TPK Headland on 13 February and 5 June (R&KB) and another at Shui Long Wo, Sai Kung West CP, on 20 July (AP). Snowy-browed Flycatcher Ficedula hyperythra III A male at Mount Davis on 17 and 18 November (DJS) and another at Lau Shui Heung on 28 November (DAD). Blue-winged Leafbird Chloropsis cochinchinensis III A male recorded and photographed at Tai Po Kau throughout the year (several observers). Golden-fronted Leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons III Three, a male and two females, at Tai Po Kau on 23 January (MLT) and 2 February (GC) with a single male at Tsing Yi Park on 30 January and 9 March (AP)

269 Red Avadavat Amandava amandava III A male at Long Valley from 24 October to 11 November (several observers). Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica III Singles on Po Toi on 13 April and 4 September. Nine at Nam Sang Wai on 5 December with seven there on 21 December and two on 29 December. References Anon Population Survey of Terns in Hong Kong, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, HKSAR Government. Birdlife International, (2006). Threatened birds of the world. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge, UK. Carey, G. J., Chalmers, M. L., Diskin, D. A., Kennerley, P. R., Leader, P. J., Lewthwaite, R. W., Leven, M. R., Melville, D. S., Turnbull, M. and Young, L The Avifauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong. Kennerley P.R., Hoogendoorn W. and Chalmers, M.L Identification and Systematics of large white-headed gulls in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Report 1994 p127. Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong. Leader, P. J The Status and Identification of Hodgson's and Northern Hawk Cuckoo in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Report p347. Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong. Leader, P. J. and Carey, G. J Identification of Pintail Snipe and Swinhoe's Snipe. British Birds. 96:

270 Errata from the 2013 Hong Kong Bird Report Page 5 and 220 Plate 53 Pied Wheatear. The correct date was 30th November, as given in the Systematic List text. Page Pectoral Sandpiper. The records given are from There were no records in Page Whistling Green Pigeon. The correct date is 27 November, as given in the First paper on page

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291 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Annual Peak Counts and Estimated Number of Birds

292 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index Systematic List Index A Aleutian Tern 123 Alexandrine Parakeet 151 Amur Falcon 149 Amur Paradise-Flycatcher 160 Ancient Murrelet 128 Aquila fasciatus Bonelli's Eagle 66 Arctic Warbler 181 Ashy Drongo 159 Ashy Minivet 152 Asian Barred Owlet 137 Asian Brown Flycatcher 215 Asian Dowitcher 92 Asian House Martin 173 Asian Koel 132 Asian Short-toed Lark 168 Asian Stubtail 177 Azure-winged Magpie 163 B Baikal Bush Warbler 191 Baillon's Crake 74 Barn Swallow 172 Barred Button-quail 79 Barred Cuckoo Dove 130 Bar-tailed Godwit 93 Bay Woodpecker 147 Besra 69 Bianchi's Warbler 187 Black Baza 64 Black Bittern 53 Black Bulbul 171 Black Drongo 159 Black Kite 71 Black Stork 49 Black-browed Reed Warbler 189 Black-capped Kingfisher 143 Black-collared Starling 205 Black-crowned Night Heron 55 Black-faced Bunting 253 Black-faced Spoonbill 51 Black-headed Bunting 252 Black-headed Gull 116 Black-legged Kittiwake 115 Black-naped Monarch 160 Black-naped Oriole 157 Black-naped Tern 125 Black-tailed Godwit 92 Black-tailed Gull 117 Black-throated Laughingthrush 198 Black-throated Tit 177 Black-winged Cuckooshrike 151 Black-winged Kite 63 Black-winged Stilt 80 Blue Rock Thrush 228 Blue Whistling Thrush 224 Blue-and-white Flycatcher 218 Blue-tailed Bee-eater 144 Bluethroat 221 Blue-winged Minla 198 Blyth's Reed Warbler 190 Brahminy Kite 71 Brambling 244 Bridled Tern 124 Broad-billed Sandpiper 112 Brown Fish Owl 136 Brown Noddy 115 Brown Shrike 156 Brown Wood Owl 137 Brown-breasted Flycatcher 216 Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher 217 Brown-flanked Bush Warbler 176 Brown-headed Gull 115 Brown-headed Thrush 211 Buff-bellied Pipit 243 Bull-headed Shrike 156 Button-quail sp

293 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index C Carrion Crow 165 Caspian Gull 119 Caspian Tern 122 Chestnut Bulbul 170 Chestnut Bunting 251 Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush 229 Chestnut-cheeked Starling 206 Chestnut-collared Yuhina 200 Chestnut-crowned Warbler 187 Chestnut-eared Bunting 247 Chestnut-flanked White-eye 201 Chestnut-tailed Starling 207 Chestnut-winged Cuckoo 131 Chinese Barbet 145 Chinese Blackbird 210 Chinese Blue Flycatcher 217 Chinese Bulbul 169 Chinese Francolin 46 Chinese Grassbird 196 Chinese Grosbeak 244 Chinese Hwamei 196 Chinese Penduline Tit 167 Chinese Pond Heron 56 Chinese Sparrowhawk 69 Chinese Spot-billed Duck 39 Chinese Thrush 213 Cinereous Tit 166 Cinnamon Bittern 53 Citrine Wagtail 237 Collared Crow 165 Collared Scops Owl 136 Common Chiffchaff 178 Common Emerald Dove 131 Common Greenshank 98 Common Kestrel 148 Common Kingfisher 143 Common Moorhen 77 Common Myna 202 Common Pochard 43 Common Redshank 96 Common Reed Bunting 255 Common Rosefinch 245 Common Sandpiper 103 Common Shelduck 35 Common Snipe 91 Common Starling 207 Common Tailorbird 195 Common Tern 125 Cotton Pygmy-goose 37 Crested Bunting 246 Crested Goshawk 68 Crested Honey Buzzard 63 Crested Myna 202 Crested Serpent Eagle 65 Crow-billed Drongo 159 Curlew Sandpiper 110 D Dark-sided Flycatcher 215 Daurian Jackdaw 164 Daurian Redstart 227 Daurian Starling 205 Domestic Pigeon 128 Dunlin 111 Dusky Thrush 212 Dusky Warbler 178 E Eastern Buzzard 72 Eastern Cattle Egret 57 Eastern Crowned Warbler 184 Eastern Imperial Eagle 66 Eastern Marsh Harrier 70 Eastern Water Rail 73 Eastern Yellow Wagtail 235 Eurasian Bittern 51 Eurasian Collared Dove 129 Eurasian Coot 78 Eurasian Curlew

294 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index Eurasian Eagle Owl 136 Eurasian Hobby 149 Eurasian Hoopoe 144 Eurasian Jay 162 Eurasian Magpie 163 Eurasian Siskin 246 Eurasian Skylark 167 Eurasian Sparrowhawk 70 Eurasian Spoonbill 49 Eurasian Teal 42 Eurasian Tree Sparrow 233 Eurasian Wigeon 38 Eurasian Woodcock 90 Eurasian Wryneck 145 Eyebrowed Thrush 210 F Fairy Pitta 151 Falcated Duck 37 Far Eastern Curlew 95 Ferruginous Duck 43 Ferruginous Flycatcher 217 Fire-breasted Flowerpecker 230 Forest Wagtail 235 Fork-tailed Drongo Cuckoo 132 Fork-tailed Sunbird 231 Fujian Niltava 218 G Gadwall 37 Garganey 41 Golden-headed Cisticola 194 Goodson's Leaf Warbler 184 Great Barbet 145 Great Cormorant 62 Great Crested Grebe 48 Great Egret 58 Great Knot 104 Greater Coucal 131 Greater Crested Tern 122 Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush 197 Greater Painted-snipe 89 Greater Sand Plover 88 Greater Scaup 45 Greater Short-toed Lark 168 Greater Spotted Eagle 65 Green Sandpiper 100 Grey Bush Chat 230 Grey Heron 57 Grey Nightjar 138 Grey Plover 82 Grey Treepie 163 Grey Wagtail 237 Grey-backed Thrush 209 Grey-capped Greenfinch 245 Grey-chinned Minivet 153 Grey-faced Buzzard 72 Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher 165 Grey headed Lapwing 81 Greylag Goose 34 Grey-streaked Flycatcher 214 Grey-tailed Tattler 101 Gull-billed Tern 121 H Hainan Blue Flycatcher 217 Hair-crested Drongo 160 Harrier sp. 71 Heuglin's Gull 120 Himalayan Swiftlet 138 Hodgson's Hawk Cuckoo 133 House Crow 164 House Sparrow 231 House Swift 140 Huet's Fulvetta 196 Hybrid American Eurasian Wigeon 38 Hybrid Mallard Chinese Spot-billed Duck 39 Hybrid Rosy x Swinhoe's Minivet

295 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index I Indian Cuckoo 134 Intermediate Egret 59 J Japanese Bush Warbler 175 Japanese Leaf Warbler 181 Japanese Night Heron 54 Japanese Paradise-Flycatcher 161 Japanese Quail 46 Japanese Reed Bunting 254 Japanese Robin 221 Japanese Sparrowhawk 69 Japanese Thrush 209 Japanese White-eye 202 Japanese Yellow Bunting 252 K Kentish Plover 86 L Lanceolated Warbler 191 Large Hawk Cuckoo 133 Large-billed Crow 165 Lesser Coucal 131 Lesser Cuckoo 134 Lesser Frigatebird 62 Lesser Sand Plover 86 Lesser Shortwing 219 Little Bunting 248 Little Curlew 93 Little Egret 60 Little Grebe 48 Little Ringed Plover 84 Little Stint 107 Little Tern 123 Long-billed Dowitcher 91 Long-billed Plover 84 Long-tailed Jaeger 128 Long-tailed Shrike 157 Long-toed Stint 109 M Malayan Night Heron 55 Mallard 38 Manchurian Bush Warbler 175 Manchurian Reed Warbler 189 Mandarin Duck 36 Marsh Sandpiper 97 Martens's Warbler 187 Masked Laughingthrush 197 Mew Gull 118 Mountain Bulbul 170 Mountain Tailorbird 174 Mrs. Gould's Sunbird 231 Mugimaki Flycatcher 225 N Narcissus Flycatcher 225 Nordmann's Greenshank 99 Northern Boobook 137 Northern Hawk Cuckoo 133 Northern Lapwing 81 Northern Pintail 41 Northern Shoveler 40 O Olive-backed Pipit 240 Orange-bellied Leafbird 230 Orange-headed Thrush 208 Oriental Cuckoo 134 Oriental Dollarbird 141 Oriental Magpie Robin 214 Oriental Plover 88 Oriental Pratincole 115 Oriental Reed Warbler 188 Oriental Scops Owl 136 Oriental Turtle Dove

296 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index P Pacific Golden Plover 82 Pacific Reef Heron 60 Pacific Swift 140 Pale Martin 171 Pale Thrush 211 Pale-legged Leaf Warbler 182 Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler 192 Pallas's Gull 117 Pallas's Leaf Warbler 179 Pallas's Reed Bunting 254 Parasitic Jaeger 127 Pechora Pipit 241 Pectoral Sandpiper 109 Peregrine Falcon 149 Pheasant-tailed Jacana 89 Pied Avocet 80 Pied Harrier 70 Pied Kingfisher 144 Pine Bunting 246 Pintail Snipe 90 Plain Prinia 195 Plaintive Cuckoo 132 Plumbeous Water Redstart 228 Pomarine Skua 127 Purple Heron 58 Pygmy Wren-babbler 174 R Radde's Warbler 179 Red Knot 105 Red Turtle Dove 129 Red-backed Shrike 157 Red-billed Blue Magpie 163 Red-billed Leiothrix 199 Red-billed Starling 203 Red-breasted Flycatcher 226 Red-breasted Merganser 45 Red-flanked Bluetail 223 Red-necked Phalarope 114 Red-necked Stint 107 Red-rumped Swallow 173 Red-throated Flycatcher 226 Red-throated Pipit 242 Red-whiskered Bulbul 168 Richard's Pipit 239 Roseate Tern 124 Rose-ringed Parakeet 151 Rosy Starling 207 Ruddy Shelduck 36 Ruddy Turnstone 104 Ruddy-breasted Crake 74 Ruff 114 Rufous-capped Babbler 195 Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher 226 Rufous-tailed Robin 221 Russet Bush Warbler 191 Russet Sparrow 233 Rustic Bunting 249 S Sakhalin Leaf Warbler 182 Sanderling 106 Saunders's Gull 116 Savanna Nightjar 138 Scaly-breasted Munia 235 Scarlet Minivet 153 Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker 231 Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 110 Short-eared Owl 137 Short-tailed Shearwater 48 Siberian Blue Robin 220 Siberian Rubythroat 222 Siberian Thrush 208 Silver-backed Needletail 139 Silver-eared Mesia 199 Slaty-backed Forktail 224 Slaty-backed Gull 119 Slaty-breasted Rail 73 Slaty-legged Crake

297 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index Small Niltava 218 Smew 45 Sooty-headed Bulbul 169 Speckled Piculet 146 Spectacled Warbler sp. 187 Spoon-billed Sandpiper 112 Spotted Dove 129 Spotted Redshank 96 Stejneger's Stonechat 229 Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler 195 Streaked Shearwater 47 Striated Heron 56 Styan's Grasshopper Warbler 192 Sulphur-breasted Warbler 186 Swinhoe's Egret 61 Swinhoe's Minivet 152 Swinhoe's Snipe 90 T Temminck's Stint 108 Terek Sandpiper 103 Thick-billed Warbler 190 Tristram's Bunting 247 Tufted Duck 44 Two-barred Warbler 181 U Upland Pipit 243 V Vega Gull 119 Velvet-fronted Nuthatch 202 Verditer Flycatcher 219 Vinous-throated Parrotbill 199 Von Schrenck's Bittern 52 W Water Pipit 243 Watercock 77 Western Osprey 62 Whimbrel 94 Whiskered Tern 126 White Wagtail 238 White's Thrush 209 White-bellied Erpornis 157 White-bellied Green Pigeon 131 White-bellied Sea Eagle 72 White-breasted Waterhen 74 White-browed Crake 76 White-browed Laughingthrush 198 White-cheeked Starling 204 White-rumped Munia 234 White-shouldered Starling 206 White-spectacled Warbler 186 White-tailed Robin 223 White-throated Kingfisher 142 White-throated Rock Thrush 229 White-winged Tern 126 Whooper Swan 35 Wood Sandpiper 101 Y Yellow Bittern 52 Yellow-bellied Prinia 194 Yellow-bellied Tit 166 Yellow-breasted Bunting 250 Yellow-browed Bunting 249 Yellow-browed Warbler 180 Yellow-cheeked Tit 166 Yellow-crested Cockatoo 150 Yellow-legged Button-quail 78 Yellow-rumped Flycatcher 225 Yellow-streaked Warbler 179 Yellow-throated Bunting 249 Z Zitting Cisticola

298 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index 分類總覽雀鳥名稱索引 二劃 八哥 202 八聲杜鵑 132 三劃 三趾濱鷸 106 三趾鶉 79 三趾鷗 115 三寶鳥 141 勺嘴鷸 112 叉尾太陽鳥 231 大天鵝 35 大白鷺 58 大沙錐 90 大草鶯 196 大麻鳽 51 大短趾百靈 168 大鳳頭燕鷗 122 大嘴烏鴉 165 大擬啄木鳥 145 大濱鷸 104 大鷹鵑 133 小仙鶲 218 小田雞 74 小白腰雨燕 140 小白鷺 60 小灰山椒鳥 152 小杓鷸 93 小杜鵑 134 小青腳鷸 99 小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡 150 小嘴烏鴉 165 小蝗鶯 192 小鴉鵑 131 小濱鷸 107 小鵐 248 小鷦鶥 174 小鸊鷉 48 山麻雀 233 山斑鳩 128 山鶺鴒 235 山鷚 243 四劃 中白鷺 59 中杓鷸 94 中華仙鶲 217 中華斑嘴鴨 39 中華攀雀 167 中華鷓鴣 46 中賊鷗 127 反嘴鷸 80 太平洋金斑鴴 82 方尾鶲 165 日本松雀鷹 69 日本柳鶯 181 日本歌鴝 221 日本樹鶯 175 比氏鶲鶯 187 水雉 89 水鷚 243 火斑鳩 129 牛背鷺 57 牛頭伯勞 156 五劃 丘鷸 90 仙八色鶇 151 北灰鶲 215 北紅尾鴝 227 北椋鳥 205 北短翅鶯 191 北鷚 241 北鷹鵑 133 半蹼鷸 92 古氏 [ 冠紋 ] 柳鶯 184 史氏蝗鶯 192 四聲杜鵑 134 巨嘴柳鶯 179 布氏葦鶯 190 田鵐 249 白尾藍地鴝 223 白肩鵰 66 白眉田雞 76 白眉地鶇 208 白眉姬鶲 225 白眉鴨 41 白眉鵐 247 白眉鶇 210 白秋沙鴨 45 白翅浮鷗 126 白胸苦惡鳥 74 白胸翡翠 142 白眶鶲鶯 186 白眼潛鴨 43 白頂玄鷗 115 白喉紅臀鵯 169 白喉短翅鶇 219 白喉磯鶇 229 白斑軍艦鳥 62 白琵鷺 49 白腰文鳥 234 白腰杓鷸 94 白腰雨燕 140 白腰草鷸 100 白腰燕鷗 123 白腹姬鶲 218 白腹海鵰 72 白腹隼鵰 66 白腹鳳鶥 157 白腹鶇 211 白腹鷂 70 白頭鵐 246 白頭鵯

299 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index 白頰噪鶥 198 白頸鴉 165 白額燕鷗 123 白額鸌 47 白鶺鴒 238 矛斑蝗鶯 191 六劃 尖尾濱鷸 110 朱背啄花鳥 231 池鷺 56 灰山椒鳥 152 灰尾漂鷸 101 灰卷尾 159 灰林 230 灰背椋鳥 206 灰背燕尾 224 灰背鶇 209 灰背鷗 119 灰紋鶲 214 灰胸秧雞 73 灰喉山椒鳥 153 灰喉針尾雨燕 139 灰喜鵲 163 灰斑鳩 129 灰斑鴴 82 灰椋鳥 204 灰雁 34 灰腳秧雞 73 灰樹鵲 163 灰頭麥雞 81 灰頭椋鳥 207 灰頭鵐 253 灰臉鵟鷹 72 灰鶺鴒 237 七劃 赤紅山椒鳥 153 赤胸鶇 211 赤麻鴨 36 赤腹鷹 69 赤膀鴨 37 赤頸鴨 38 八劃 亞洲短趾百靈 168 亞歷山大鸚鵡 151 夜鷺 55 岩鷺 60 東方大葦鶯 188 東方中杜鵑 134 東方鴴 88 東黃鶺鴒 235 松雀鷹 69 松鴉 162 林夜鷹 138 林鷸 101 金翅雀 245 金眶鴴 84 金腰燕 173 金頭扇尾鶯 194 金頭縫葉鶯 174 長尾賊鷗 128 長尾縫葉鶯 195 長趾濱鷸 109 長嘴鴴 84 長嘴鷸 91 阿穆爾隼 149 青腳濱鷸 108 青腳鷸 98 九劃 厚嘴葦鶯 190 扁嘴海雀 128 流蘇鷸 114 紅耳鵯 168 紅尾水鴝 228 紅尾伯勞 156 紅尾歌鴝 221 紅角鴞 136 紅背伯勞 157 紅翅綠鳩 131 紅翅鳳頭鵑 131 紅胸田雞 74 紅胸秋沙鴨 45 紅胸姬鶲 226 紅胸啄花鳥 230 紅胸濱鷸 107 紅脇繡眼鳥 201 紅脇藍尾鴝 223 紅隼 148 紅喉姬鶲 226 紅喉歌鴝 222 紅喉鷚 242 紅腰杓鷸 95 紅腳鷸 96 紅腹濱鷸 105 紅領綠鸚鵡 151 紅嘴巨鷗 122 紅嘴相思鳥 199 紅嘴藍鵲 163 紅嘴鷗 116 紅頭長尾山雀 177 紅頭潛鴨 43 紅頭穗鶥 195 紅頸葦鵐 254 紅頸瓣蹼鷸 114 十劃 原鴿 128 家八哥 202 家麻雀 231 家鴉 164 家燕 172 峨嵋鶲鶯 187 庫頁島柳鶯 182 扇尾沙錐 91 栗耳鳳鶥 200 栗耳鵐 247 栗背短腳鵯

300 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index 栗喉蜂虎 144 栗腹磯鶇 229 栗葦鳽 53 栗鳶 71 栗鳽 54 栗頭鶲鶯 187 栗頰椋鳥 206 栗鵐 251 海南藍仙鶲 217 海鷗 118 烏灰銀鷗 120 烏灰鶇 209 烏鵑 132 烏鵰 65 烏鶇 210 烏鶲 215 珠頸斑鳩 129 粉紅 / 小灰山椒鳥 152 粉紅椋鳥 207 粉紅燕鷗 124 純色鷦鶯 195 草鷺 58 針尾沙錐 90 針尾鴨 41 骨頂雞 78 高山短翅鶯 191 十一劃 冕柳鶯 184 強腳樹鶯 176 彩鷸 89 淡色沙燕 171 淡腳柳鶯 182 理氏鷚 239 眼眶鶲鶯 187 硫黃鵐 252 蛇鵰 65 雀鷹 70 十二劃 喜鵲 163 斑文鳥 235 斑尾塍鷸 93 斑尾鵑鳩 130 斑背潛鴨 45 斑姬啄木鳥 146 斑胸濱鷸 109 斑胸鶲 217 斑魚狗 144 斑頭鵂鶹 137 斑鶇 212 普通朱雀 245 普通夜鷹 138 普通秧雞 73 普通翠鳥 143 普通燕鴴 115 普通燕鷗 125 普通鵟 72 普通鸕鷀 62 棉鳧 37 棕三趾鶉 79 棕尾褐鶲 217 棕眉柳鶯 179 棕背伯勞 157 棕扇尾鶯 193 棕腹大仙鶲 218 棕頭鴉雀 199 棕頭鷗 115 棕頸鈎嘴鶥 195 琵嘴鴨 40 畫眉 196 短耳鴞 137 短尾賊鷗 127 短尾鸌 48 短嘴金絲燕 138 紫背葦鳽 52 紫翅椋鳥 207 紫綬帶 161 紫嘯鶇 224 絨額鳾 202 絲光椋鳥 203 雲雀 167 黃眉柳鶯 180 黃眉姬鶲 225 黃眉鵐 249 黃胸鵐 250 黃雀 246 黃喉鵐 249 黃腰柳鶯 179 黃腳三趾鶉 78 黃腹山雀 166 黃腹鷚 243 黃腹鷦鶯 194 黃葦鳽 52 黃嘴白鷺 61 黃嘴栗啄木鳥 147 黃頭鶺鴒 237 黃頰山雀 166 黑水雞 77 黑尾塍鷸 92 黑尾蠟嘴雀 244 黑尾鷗 117 黑卷尾 159 黑枕王鶲 160 黑枕黃鸝 157 黑枕燕鷗 125 黑冠鳽 55 黑冠鵑隼 64 黑眉柳鶯 186 黑眉雀鶥 196 黑眉葦鶯 189 黑眉擬啄木鳥 145 黑翅長腳鷸 80 黑翅鳶 63 黑喉石 229 黑喉噪鶥 198 黑短腳鵯 171 黑腹濱鷸 111 黑領椋鳥 205 黑領噪鶥 197 黑鳶

301 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Systematic List Index 黑嘴鷗 116 黑鳽 53 黑頭鵐 252 黑臉琵鷺 51 黑臉噪鶥 197 黑鸛 49 十三劃 暗灰鵑鵙 151 暗綠繡眼鳥 202 極北柳鶯 181 煙腹毛腳燕 173 葡萄胸鴨與赤頸鴨的雜交種 38 董雞 77 葦鵐 254 遊隼 149 達烏里寒鴉 164 十四劃 漁鷗 117 綠翅金鳩 131 綠翅短腳鵯 170 綠翅鴨 42 綠頭鴨 38 綠頭鴨與中華斑嘴鴨的雜交種 39 綠鷺 56 綬帶 160 蒙古沙鴴 86 蒙古銀鷗 119 蒼背山雀 166 蒼鷺 57 遠東葦鶯 189 遠東樹鶯 175 銀耳相思鳥 199 銅藍鶲 219 領角鴞 136 鳳頭麥雞 81 鳳頭蜂鷹 63 鳳頭潛鴨 44 鳳頭鵐 246 鳳頭鷹 68 鳳頭鸊鷉 48 十五劃 嘰喳柳鶯 178 褐林鴞 137 褐柳鶯 178 褐翅鴉鵑 131 褐翅燕鷗 124 褐胸鶲 216 褐漁鴞 136 髮冠卷尾 160 鴉嘴卷尾 159 十六劃 噪鵑 132 樹麻雀 233 樹鷚 240 橙胸姬鶲 226 橙腹葉鵯 230 橙頭地鶇 208 澤鷸 97 燕隼 149 燕雀 244 霍氏杜鵑 133 鴛鴦 36 鴝姬鶲 225 十七劃 戴勝 144 環頸鴴 86 磯鷸 103 闊嘴鷸 112 十八劃 織女銀鷗 119 翹鼻麻鴨 35 翹嘴鷸 103 翻石鷸 104 藍翅希鶥 198 藍喉太陽鳥 231 藍喉歌鴝 221 藍歌鴝 220 藍翡翠 143 藍磯鶇 228 雙斑柳鶯 181 十九劃 懷氏地鶇 209 羅紋鴨 37 蟻鴷 145 鵪鶉 46 鵰鴞 136 鵲鴝 214 鵲鷂 70 二十劃 寶興歌鶇 213 蘆鵐 255 鶚 62 二十一劃 鐵嘴沙鴴 88 鶴鷸 96 鷂 71 二十二劃 彎嘴濱鷸 110 鬚浮鷗 126 鷗嘴噪鷗 121 二十三劃 鱗頭樹鶯 177 二十四劃 鷹鴞

302 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Brown Noddy First Record Brown Noddy Anous stolidus on Po Toi Island Geoff Welch 23A Block 25, South Horizons, Ap Lei Chau The first Hong Kong record Spring 2006 was the first season during which I stayed overnight on Po Toi on some days, and I was lucky enough to do this during a rare spring typhoon. Typhoon Chanchu (Figure 1) crossed The Philippines on 12 th May and after heading towards Vietnam, suddenly changed track north, passing just to the southeast of Hong Kong on 17 th May. The winds really started to pick up on Po Toi in the morning of 17 th, reaching NW force 7 as I approached my seawatching post at the south-east point of the Island. Many hundreds of swifts, terns and up to 80 Streaked Shearwaters were feeding on the protected side of the cliffs near to the Lighthouse. At about 2pm the rain started to get heavy and I decided to return to my house in the village. As I came into the first bay there were many Common and Bridled Terns feeding on the tideline in the bay about 100 metres offshore and I noticed a slightly larger all dark tern feeding with them. I took many photos with a 300mm lens I was then using, including those shown here (Plate 65). The description written later was as follows. A generally all-dark brownish coloured tern, larger and heavier looking than both Common and Bridled Tern, with slightly paler scapulars and back. The tail was distinctly long and broad when spread, similar in shape to that of a paint brush, as shown in Plate 65. The bill was quite long and heavy. Possible confusion species are juvenile Sooty Tern and Black Noddy. Sooty Tern can be eliminated by tail shape and dark underparts, and Black Noddy by size, the brown rather than black colour and the lack of a pale crown or forehead. All features point to this being a juvenile Brown Noddy, a species that breeds on islands in the north Philippines, and one that could easily have been brought across the South China Sea by the typhoon. Records Committee Comment Brown Noddy A.s. pileatus breeds from the Red Sea and Indian and Pacific Oceans east to Hawaii. It is locally fairly common on the islets of the Philippines (Dickinson et al. 1991) and a scarce summer visitor to Taiwan (Severinghaus et al. 2012). Given this, its occurrence at Po Toi following a typhoon that passed through the Philippines seems perfectly feasible, and indeed there are previous instances of birds reaching the China coast. Records in Fujian comprise single specimens obtained 30 miles up the Min River on 3 Oct 1898 following a typhoon (Rickett 1900), at an unknown locality and on an unknown date in the years (Martens 1910), on the Fuzhou coast on 21 Sep 1912 (La Touche 1917), below Kushan in Apr in the 1920s (Caldwell & Caldwell 1931) and at Fuzhou on 21 July 1928 (specimen in Sun Yat-sen University Museum)

303 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Brown Noddy First Record Plate 65 Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 白頂玄鷗 Po Toi Island, 17 th May 2006 蒲台 2006 年 05 月 17 日 Geoff Welch Figure 1. Track of Typhoon Chanchu 颱風珍珠的移動路徑 (HKO) ( 香港天文台 )

304 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Brown Noddy First Record References Caldwell, H.R. and Caldwell, J.C South China Birds. Hester May Vanderburgh, Shanghai. Dickinson,. E.C., Kennedy R.S. and Parkes K.C The Birds of The Philippines. British Ornithologists Union, Tring, Herts, UK. La Touche, J.D Further Notes on the Birds of the Province of Fohkien in South-east China. Ibis 1917: Martens, G.H Ornis Fokiensis. Journal für Ornithologie 58: , Rickett, C.B Additional Notes on the Birds of Fohkien. Ibis 1900: Severinghaus, L.L., Ding, T.S., Fang, W.S., Lin, W.H., Tsai, M.C. and Yen, C.W The Avifauna of Taiwan. 2 nd edition. Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan. [In Chinese]

305 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Brown Noddy First Record Geoff Welch 鴨脷洲海怡半島 25 座 23A 蒲台的白頂玄鷗 Anous stolidus 香港首個紀錄 2006 年的春季是我首個在蒲台上連續逗留數天的季節, 我很幸運能夠剛好遇上一個罕見的春季颱風 颱風珍珠 ( 圖表 1) 在 5 月 12 日橫過菲律賓後吹向越南, 其路徑突然改變並向北移動, 於 5 月 17 日在香港東南面掠過 蒲台的風勢於 5 月 17 日早上明顯增強, 當我抵達島上東南端的海鳥觀察點時正吹著西北風達 7 級 有數百隻燕子 燕鷗及為數 80 隻的白額鸌在燈塔附近的懸崖背風面覓食 大約下午二時, 雨勢開始轉大, 我決定返回村莊的住所 當我經過第一個海灣時, 有很多普通燕鷗和褐翅燕鷗在灣內離岸大約 100 米的浪頭覓食, 我注意到有一隻體型稍大 全身深色的燕鷗混在其中 我當時用了 300mm 鏡頭拍了很多幅相片, 包括在下文展示那些 ( 插圖 65) 以下是我後來附加的描述..一隻大致全身深啡色的燕鷗, 看起來比普通燕鷗和褐翅燕鷗大型和笨重, 有略為淺色的肩羽和背部 尾部展開時明顯長而寛, 形似一支畫筆, 見插圖 65 喙部頗長而大 有可能和該鳥混淆的鳥種包括烏燕鷗和黑玄鷗的未成年鳥 但基於該鳥的尾部形狀及深色下身與烏燕鷗不符, 及基於該鳥的體型 啡色而非黑色的身軀及缺少了淺色的冠或額與黑玄鷗不符, 兩者皆可被排除 所有特徵都指出該鳥為一隻未成年的白頂玄鷗, 一種在菲律賓北部島嶼繁殖 及容易被颱風帶至橫越南中國海的鳥種 紀錄委員會評註白頂玄鷗 A.s. pileatus 繁殖於紅海 印度洋及太平洋向東延至夏威夷 在菲律賓的小群島, 牠是當地相當普遍的雀鳥 (Dickinson et al. 1991), 但在台灣則是罕見的夏季訪客 ( 台灣鳥類誌第二版 ) 故此, 牠跟隨一個曾橫過菲律賓的颱風出現在蒲台似乎完全有可能, 而過去確實有該鳥到達中國沿海的例子 出現在福建省的紀錄包括 1898 年 10 月 3 日颱風過後在閩江 30 里 (Rickett 1900) 年間在不詳的地點和日期 (Martens 1910) 1912 年 9 月 21 日在福洲沿海 (La Touche 1917) 1920 年代 4 月在鼓山之下 (Caldwell & Caldwell 1931) 及 1928 年 7 月 21 日在福洲 (SYSU) 另外, 有些日期不詳的觀察紀錄包括在台灣管轄的馬祖列島及金門 ( 台灣鳥類誌第二版 ) 浙江(Chen et al 2012) 及近台灣的釣魚台, 另有一紀錄在 2013 年於台灣台東 參考資料 Caldwell, H.R. and Caldwell, J.C South China Birds. Hester May Vanderburgh, Shanghai. Dickinson,. E.C., Kennedy R.S. and Parkes K.C The Birds of The Philippines. British Ornithologists Union, Tring, Herts, UK

306 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Brown Noddy First Record La Touche, J.D Further Notes on the Birds of the Province of Fohkien in South-east China. Ibis 1917: Martens, G.H Ornis Fokiensis. Journal für Ornithologie 58: , Rickett, C.B Additional Notes on the Birds of Fohkien. Ibis 1900: Severinghaus, L.L., Ding, T.S., Fang, W.S., Lin, W.H., Tsai, M.C. and Yen, C.W The Avifauna of Taiwan. 2 nd edition. Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan. [In Chinese]

307 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Chinese Barbet First Record Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber at Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve The first Hong Kong record Yat-tung Yu HKBWS, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Yik-hei Sung Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. While doing a bird survey at Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve in the morning on 30 December 2014, Yik-hei Sung (SYH) and Yat-tung Yu (YYT), walked along the Brown- Yellow Nature Trail in the high area of Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve. SYH noted a large green bird, presumably a barbet, slowly moving between branches above us in a distance about 10m away. We quickly used our binoculars to observe the bird, though we assumed initially that it could only be a Great Barbet Psilopogon virens. However, the first look of the bird revealed that it was not a Great Barbet, and YYT verbally made field notes with SYH for identification of this bird as summarised below. Description The bird was seen high up under the canopy of a tree and therefore we could see only the underparts of the bird, which were mostly green except the throat and upper breast. The vent was apparently slightly paler than the belly. The upperparts, including the wings, part of the upper tail and some of the back were also green. The pattern of the throat and breast were very strikingly distinctive with three bright colours yellow, blue and red. The throat was yellow, a blue band bordered the lower side of the yellow throat and also a thicker red patch joined on the lower side of the blue band. Another distinctive feature was the blue ear coverts. The lateral crown and forehead were black and this black area was quite extensive extending behind the eye, but the mid-crown could not been seen from our position. We also saw a red patch after the black area on the mid-crown or hind crown. The bill was thick but not as big as that of the Great Barbet. The bird was seen alone but its size was clearly smaller than the Great Barbet. No call was noted during our observation. Finally, the bird flew away from us to the deeper part of the forest and we could not relocate it in the same area later on the same day. We kept alert to this bird while we were conducting our bird survey in this area in the following months. On 19 March 2015, the distinctive call of this species was heard at around 1110h in the area about 200 metres away from the location of the previous observation. The calling bird was seen and photographed (Plate 66) by Hak-king Ying, Ivan Wai-lun Tse, Wai-yan Lo and myself, and the call was also recorded during this observation

308 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Chinese Barbet First Record Plate 66 Chinese Barbet Psilopogan faber 黑眉擬啄木鳥 Tai Po Kau 19 th March 2015 大埔滘 2015 年 03 月 19 日 Ivan W.L. Tse 謝偉麟 Identification After getting all these features from the first observation, we realised immediately it was a Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber. Later, YYT checked some literature including Short and Horne (2002), Robson (2005) and Collar (2006) for the identification of this bird and other Asian green barbets. The distinctive pattern of the throat and breast rules out most of the Asian green barbets, except Taiwan Barbet Psilopogon nuchalis. The latter can also be safely ruled out by black forehead of this bird (Collar 2006). Therefore, we concluded this as a Chinese Barbet. Two subspecies of Chinese Barbet are recognised; nominate faber is restricted to Hainan Island while sini has a known range in continental South China including Guangdong and Guangxi (Collar 2006, del Hoyo et al. 2015). The most notable difference between the two subspecies is that the ear coverts are violet-blue on faber and blue on sini (Collar 2006). However, this difference is not very obvious from specimens kept in the Sun Yat-sen University at Guangzhou and perhaps this difference is indeed subtle (Liu Yang in litt. to Yat-tung Yu, January 2015, Plate 67). Other photos found on the internet (e.g. Oriental Bird Images) mainly refer to faber and it is still difficult to find any apparent difference in this feature. Sonograms of the Tai Po Kau bird were analysed with samples of faber and sini recorded by Geoff Carey or available on the internet. The results showed that calls of faber and sini show some overlap, but the call of the Tai Po Kau individual was thought marginally more similar to the call of sini (Geoff Carey pers. comm.)

309 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Chinese Barbet First Record Plate 67 a-c Chinese Barbet Psilopogon faber ssp faber (two on right) and sini (two on left) in views from side (a), top (b) and below (c). faber were collected at Hainan and sini were collected in Guangxi. Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, January 2015 廣州中山大學 2015 年 01 月 Liu Yang 劉陽

310 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Chinese Barbet First Record Range and Status Chinese Barbet was first suggested to be a separate species by Collar (2006), having been treated previously within Black-browed Barbet Megalaima (recently changed to Psilopogon) oorti (e.g. Cheng 1987). In China, Cheng (1987) gave the range of Blackbrowed Barbet as being restricted to Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan. Subsequently the species has been found in many locations in Guangdong since the mid-1990s (Lewthwaite 1996) and is now known from all South China provinces including Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi (Richard Lewthwaite unpub. data) in addition to the provinces listed in Cheng (1987). It is also noteworthy that this species has been recorded at 21 sites within Guangdong since 1991 and one record involved up to three individuals found in the east of Shenzhen in May and July 2008 (Richard Lewthwaite unpub. data). All these information clearly showed a natural range expansion of this woodland species. Therefore this species has been long expected to be found in the forest area of Hong Kong sooner or later. Acknowledgment This bird was found during the survey of the study Assessment of the ecological role of birds in Hong Kong s secondary forests (project no ), which was funded by the Environment and Conservation Fund (ECF) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. We are very grateful to ECF to fund this study and hence to collect more scientific information about ecology of forest birds in Hong Kong. Sonogram analysis from Geoff Carey and reviews of China records from Richard Lewthwaite provided useful information and more insights to the content of this article. We also thank Dr. Liu Yang of Sun Yat-sen University to examine and take photos of the specimens kept at the University. Ivan W.L. Tse and Hak-king Ying assisted the survey and provided the photos of the barbet. Finally, HKBR editors improved the earlier version of this manuscript. Records Committee Comment Natural expansion of this species in South China particularly that within Guangdong made this species very likely to occur in Hong Kong one day. Identification of this species is straightforward up to species level. Instead, identification of two subspecies faber and sini may not be easy and it would require further study of the specimen and probably DNA analysis. Nevertheless, vocalization provides a little support of this bird as sini, which is more likely to occur in Hong Kong than faber. With consideration of various aspects of this record such as place, date, behaviour and plumage condition of the bird, this species was believed to have a natural origin and hence is accepted as Category I in the Hong Kong List. References Cheng, T.H A Synopsis of the Avifauna of China. Science Press. Beijing. Collar, N.J A taxonomic reappraisal of the Black-browed Barbet Megalaima oorti. Forktail 22: del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. and Kirwan, G.M Chinese Barbet (Psilopogon faber). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Saragatal, J., Christie, D.A and de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from on 27 October 2015)

311 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Chinese Barbet First Record Lewthwaite, R.W Forest birds of Southeast China. Hong Kong Bird Report 1995 (pp ). Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong. Robson, C Birds of Southeast Asia. Princeton University Press. Princeton and Oxford. Short, L.L. and Horne, J.F.M Family Capitonidae (Barbets). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., and Saragatal, J. (eds). Handbook of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Jacamars to Woodpeckers (pp ). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona

312 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Chinese Barbet First Record 大埔滘自然護理區的黑眉擬啄木鳥香港首個紀錄余日東香港荔枝角青山道 532 號偉基大廈 7C 香港觀鳥會宋亦希香港九龍塘香港浸會大學生物系 2014 年 12 月 31 日, 我們在大埔滘進行鳥類調查, 在黃啡路一樹上發現一隻類似擬啄木鳥 的大型綠色雀鳥, 用雙筒望遠觀察後, 發現不是香港唯一有紀錄的擬啄木鳥 大擬啄木鳥, 以下是有關此鳥的特徵 描述此個體出現在樹冠層, 其下半身除了喉及胸口上半部分以外主要是綠色, 臀部較腹部淺色, 上身包括翅膀, 尾巴上及背部也是綠色 喉及胸口色彩鮮艷包括黃 藍和紅, 喉中心是黃色, 被藍色包圍, 藍色下方胸口是紅色 臉上耳後覆羽藍色, 頭側及前額黑色, 黑色伸延至眼後 頭頂或頭後方有一紅色斑 嘴巴大, 但較大擬啄木鳥小 體型明顯較大擬啄木鳥小 在觀察過程中, 沒有聽到鳴叫 2015 年 3 月 19 日, 在原先觀察的位置二百米外, 聽到黑眉擬啄木鳥的叫聲, 及後一個體被英克勁 謝偉麟和羅偉仁所見到及拍攝, 其叫聲也被收錄 辦認在第一次觀察的個體, 初步被辦認為黑眉擬啄木鳥 余日東查閱相關文獻包括 Short and Horne (2002), Robson (2005) 和 Collar (2006), 獨特的喉 胸及前額顏色及圖案排除了台灣擬啄木鳥以外的其他亞洲的綠色擬啄木鳥 同時黑色的額頭亦可把台灣擬啄木鳥排除, 因此我們辦認為黑眉擬啄木鳥 黑眉擬啄木鳥分成兩個亞種 faber 和 sini,faber 只分佈在海南, 而 sini 分布較廣泛, 在南中國包括廣東和廣西 根據 Collar (2006), 兩個亞種外型上最大分別在於 faber 有紫藍色耳後覆羽而 sini 耳後覆羽是藍色, 可是存放在廣州中山大學的標本顯示兩個亞種這特徵上的差別并不明顯 透過查閱網上的照片, 發現兩個亞種外型非常相似 叫聲分析顯示叫聲上, 在大埔滘發現的個體較接近 faber 分布與現狀八十年代, 黑眉擬啄木鳥分布於廣西 海南及台灣, 九十年代中期, 觀鳥者的增加及其獨特的叫聲, 在廣東不同地方也被發現 現在, 黑眉擬啄木鳥已知分布於所有南中國的省份, 包括以前未被發現的福建 廣東 貴州 湖南和江西 1991 年後, 在廣東省內, 共有 21 個地方發現黑眉擬啄木鳥, 其中一個紀錄是在 2008 年 5 月和 7 月在深圳東部發現最

313 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Chinese Barbet First Record 多三個個體 以上紀錄顯示此鳥種的分布正在擴散中, 而此鳥種在香港出現也是意料之內 鳴謝我們要感謝香港特別行政區政府環境及自然保育基金資助是次鳥類研究項目 - 研究鳥類對香港次生林演替的角色 我們也感謝 Geoff Carey 先生分析叫聲的頻譜, Richard Lewthwaite 先生審查此鳥種在中國的記錄及分佈, 及對本文內容的提議, 劉陽博士協助檢查存放在廣州中山大學的標本及提供標本的照片作參考 謝偉麟先生及英克勁先生全力協助此項目的野外調查 最後, 香港鳥類報告的編輯為本文的初稿作修改 參考資料 Cheng, T.H A Synopsis of the Avifauna of China. Science Press. Beijing. Collar, N.J A taxonomic reappraisal of the Black-browed Barbet Megalaima oorti. Forktail 22: del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. and Kirwan, G.M Chinese Barbet (Psilopogon faber). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Saragatal, J., Christie, D.A and de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from on 27 October 2015). Lewthwaite, R.W Forest birds of Southeast China. Hong Kong Bird Report 1995 (pp ). Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong. Robson, C Birds of Southeast Asia. Princeton University Press. Princeton and Oxford. Short, L.L. and Horne, J.F.M Family Capitonidae (Barbets). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., and Saragatal, J. (eds). Handbook of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Jacamars to Woodpeckers (pp ). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona

314 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Crow-billed Drongo First Record Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans on Po Toi Island The first Hong Kong record Wing Yiu Yam c/o HKBWS, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong On 7 th September 2014, I was birdwatching on Po Toi Island with Kenny Lee, Lee Yat Ming and Karen Law. At around 1:30 pm, we were on the path between Tiger Lane and the Lower School when a drongo landed in the understorey on the hillside but flew away immediately. I went up Tiger Lane and found the same drongo under a big tree on a climber about 10 metres away and at eye level with its back facing me, giving me a clear view of its upperparts. I could see it was not a Hair-crested Drongo D. hottentottus as there was no metallic blue colour on its greater coverts or strongly upturned outer tail feathers. I also ruled out Black Drongo D. macrocercus because it had a glossy blue head except for the ear coverts and a shorter, more outward-pointed but less forked tail. Also the bill looked stronger, thicker and shorter than Hair-crested or Black Drongo and, unlike other drongos, there was no angle between the bill and the forehead of this bird. The whitish scaling on the underparts suggested it was an immature/juvenile bird. I watched the bird for 10 minutes from different angles and took several record photographs (Plate 68). I thought it might be a Crow-billed Drongo D. annectans, mostly because of the bill size. That night I checked and compared my photographs with the drawings, descriptions and photographs from several field guides and the website of the Oriental Bird Club, and came to the conclusion that it best fitted the features of a juvenile Crow-billed Drongo. More photos of the same individual were taken on a second visit I made on 14 th September at a slightly different location closer to the main path. Records Committee Comment Crow-billed Drongo is a monotypic species that breeds from northeast India through Indochina, Malaysia and Singapore to south China, and winters to the Greater Sundas (Robson 2008). In the Thai-Malay Peninsula, according to Wells (2007), it is a passage migrant and non-breeding winter visitor, regular and common, with the main period of autumn passage extending from mid September through October (extreme dates 23 August-29 November) and return passage from 9 March to 10 May. Information on the timing of migration is otherwise rather scant, though Smythies (2001) reported that Oates found it sweeping through Pegu (southern Burma) every year in October in the 1870s and his collectors obtained great numbers along the Pakchan estuary between 13 December and 10 February. In China, Cheng (1987) described it as breeding in western, southern and southeastern Yunnan and northern Guangxi and occurring as a breeding species and passage migrant (possibly even a resident) on Hainan. It has subsequently also been recorded in Tibet, Guizhou,

315 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Crow-billed Drongo First Record Guangdong and off the coast of Fujian. Though it is distributed over a large part of China, it appears to be very local and has been found in relatively small numbers. Very little is known of its movements in China, though it is clear that it is a migrant species, though some populations may be resident. Plate 68 Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans 鴉嘴卷尾 Po Toi 7 th and 14 th September 2014 蒲台 2014 年 09 月 07 日及 2014 年 09 月 14 日 Wing Yiu Yam 任永耀 Based on this, and the infrequency with which drongos occur in captivity, it was accepted into Category I of the HK List. References Grimmett R., Inskipp C., Inskipp T., Pocket Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent (2nd edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford. MacKinnon, J. and Phillipps, K A Field Guide to the Birds of China. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Robson C., Field Guide to the Birds of South-east Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London. Viney, C., Phillipps, K. and Lam, C. Y Birds of Hong Kong and South China (8th edition). Information Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Adminimistrative Region, Hong Kong

316 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Crow-billed Drongo First Record 蒲台的鴉嘴卷尾 Dicrurus annectans 香港首項紀錄任永耀由香港九龍荔枝角青山道 532 號偉基大廈 7 樓 C 座香港觀鳥會轉交 於 2014 年 9 月 7 日, 我與朋友李啟康 李逸明及羅敬慧一同到蒲台觀鳥及拍攝雀鳥 當日早上鳥況不佳, 無甚收穫, 於下午約一點半, 我們於碼頭後破屋後的一處山坡的林底下正尋覓一隻不知名的伯勞, 而伯勞未有再現, 但發現一隻卷尾剛降落於一支粗藤上, 並隨即消失於林內, 當時未能確定是否屬於該處常見的髮冠卷尾, 但第一眼未有發現到髮冠卷尾應有的 卷尾, 而尾端亦較短及開叉 於是我們便走上右邊一段通往水塘的捷徑從另一個角度嘗試再看清楚一點, 並同時再嘗試尋找失去蹤影的伯勞, 即時再發現該隻卷尾於十米外一棵大樹的攀藤上, 當時該卷尾於視線水平而我能清楚觀察其背部 當時已肯定牠不是髮冠卷尾, 因為其大覆羽不是慣常見到的金屬藍色, 而尾部兩邊未端亦沒有明顯的向上彎曲 同時亦排除是黑卷尾的可能性, 因為牠除耳羽外, 頭部大部分都有輝藍色的羽毛, 而尾部顯得較短及兩端未有像黑卷尾般向外彎曲及更為叉開, 加上其喙部相對髮冠卷尾及黑卷尾或其他卷尾雖較短但更為粗大, 額與嘴相連位置幾乎平直 而該卷尾的下胸及腹部的白斑反映該鳥為未成年或幼鳥 我對該鳥以不同角度觀察了 10 分鐘並拍攝了數張照片 鑑於該鳥嘴部大小, 當時我相信牠可能是一隻鴉嘴卷尾 當晚我以所拍得的照片與多本不同的鳥類圖鑑及 Oriential Bird Club 網頁上的圖畫 照片及相關對鴉嘴卷尾於外表上的形容作參考並作對比, 得出當日所見的雀鳥是鴉嘴卷尾的幼鳥 本人於 9 月 14 日再次到訪, 於另一就近地點拍攝得多張同一隻的鴉嘴卷尾的照片 紀錄委員會評註 鴉嘴卷尾為一種單型鳥種, 繁殖於印度東北部 中南半島 馬來西亞 新加坡以至南中國, 並於大𢁉他越冬 於泰國及馬來半島為過境遷徙鳥及不繁殖冬候鳥, 恆常出現及常見, 秋季主要於九月中至十月 ( 日子由 8 月 23 日至 11 月 29 日 ) 出沒 春季由 3 月 9 日至 5 月 10 日間 其餘的紀錄較為稀少,Smythies(2001) 紀錄 Oates 了 1870 年代每年 10 月於勃固 ( 南緬甸 ) 出現, 他的伙伴曾在克拉百利河口於 12 月 13 日至 2 月 10 日間大量捕穫 在中國, 鄭作新 (1987) 將牠納為西 南及西南雲南及廣西北部的繁殖鳥, 以及海南的繁殖及過境遷徙鳥 ( 更可能是留鳥 ) 隨後更在西藏 貴州 廣東及福建海岸有紀錄 儘管牠們的分布覆蓋大部分的中國, 但主要於部分地區出現並數量稀少 我們對牠們在大陸出現的狀況所知甚少, 只肯定牠們是遷徙鳥及有部分是留鳥 基於以上考慮, 以及卷尾較為少有飼養, 故接納為香港鳥類第 I 類鳥種

317 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Crow-billed Drongo First Record 參考資料 Grimmett R., Inskipp C., Inskipp T., Pocket Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent (2nd edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford. MacKinnon, J. and Phillipps, K A Field Guide to the Birds of China. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Robson C., Field Guide to the Birds of South-east Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London. Viney, C., Phillipps, K. and Lam, C. Y Birds of Hong Kong and South China (8th edition). Information Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Adminimistrative Region, Hong Kong

318 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Asian Short-toed Lark First Record Asian Short-toed Lark Alaudala cheleensis at Lok Ma Chau WMA The first Hong Kong record Paul J. Leader c/o AEC Ltd,127 Commercial Centre, Palm Springs, Yuen Long, Hong Kong On the morning of 20 th November 2014, I was conducting routine surveys of the Lok Ma Chau MTRC Mitigation Area when, at about 0900h, I flushed a small lark that was clearly not a skylark Alauda sp. As it was small and had a very different flight call, I identified it as one of the Short-toed Larks (Alaudala or Calandrella sp.). The bird flew around calling and landed some 100 m away. I quickly took some photos and transcribed the call into my notebook. I returned to the bird some ten minutes later and checked some of the plumage features, but I was reluctant to get too close as it seemed quite flighty and by this stage other observers were on their way. I felt that it was settled and left the bird to continue my survey; however, it was not seen again. Description The overall impression was of a small, poorly-marked, rather cold, sandy lark with a small crest. Size and structure. Clearly substantially smaller than a Northern Skylark Alauda arvensis. In flight, noticeably short-tailed. Body size was estimated to be similar to that of a Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola. At rest it was distinctly short-tailed with an obvious primary projection of at least two primaries well beyond the tertials. The crown feathers were longer, forming a small bushy crest, not as pronounced as in skylarks. The bill was small, pale and conical. The entire upperparts were sandy grey-brown. The crown, nape, mantle and scapulars all had narrow darker centres. These were slightly broader on the crown, resulting in a slightly capped appearance. The greater coverts were dark mid-brown with sandy fringes. The tertials were pale brown with a narrow paler fringe. The exposed primaries were darker than the tertials and had a narrow sandy-coloured fringe on the outer web forming a pale sandy panel in the closed wing. The underparts were very pale, off-white in colour, with a narrow gorget of short blackish streaks across the upper breast, and there were no dark patches on the sides of neck/breast. The head was rather plain, with an indistinct supercilium and eyestripe. The lores were pale. The tail was brown with paler outer tail feathers (not seen well). There was no cage damage apparent, either in flight or on the ground

319 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Asian Short-toed Lark First Record Plate 69 Asian Short-toed Lark Alaudala cheleensis 亞洲短趾百靈 Lok Ma Chau WMA 20 th November 2015 落馬洲 2015 年 11 月 20 日 Paul J Leader 利雅德 The call was transcribed at the time as a soft churring gri-gri-grik. Not an easy call to describe, but clearly very different to both of the skylark species in East Asia. The bird called about three times as it flew around after I originally flushed it. At the time of the observation, I did not think that this was a particularly likely vagrant to Hong Kong. However, subsequent research showed it to be regular in southern Japan (Brazil 1991), and there are at least five records from Taiwan during the months of November to April (Pan Chih Yuan in litt.). Records Committee Comment With the identity of this bird not in doubt, the main question revolved around the likelihood of vagrancy and, thus, whether or not it could have arrived naturally. The species breeds in northeast China as far south as north Jiangsu, and the most southerly mainland record appears to be one at Lishui, Zhejiang on 22 November It certainly appears to be rare south of the Yangtze, and was not recorded by people such as Styan or La Touche. Totally, there appear to be 18 records from Japan, including small islands in the Sea of Japan, and Taiwan between October and April. It appears to be genuinely rare in trade through HK, based on Melville (1982) and casual observations more recently

320 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Asian Short-toed Lark First Record Evidence adduced in favour of natural occurrence related to the recent occurrence earlier in the month of weather conditions to the north favourable to overshoot, the fact that photographs of Taiwanese birds do not show evidence of captivity and the strength and variety of passerine migrants in HK around the same time (including Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos, Rustic Bunting E. rustica, Common Reed Bunting E. schoeniclus, Japanese Reed Bunting E. yessoensis and Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta). Eventually, after much debate it was accepted into Category I of the HK List by a vote of four to two. References Brazil, M.A The Birds of Japan. Christopher Helm, London. Melville, D.S A preliminary survey of the bird trade in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Bird Report 1980 pp Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong

321 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Asian Short-toed Lark First Record 於落馬洲補償濕地的亞洲短趾百靈 Alaudala cheleensis 香港首個紀錄利雅德香港元朗加州花園商業中心 127 號 AEC Ltd. 於 2014 年 11 月 20 日, 我於落馬洲補償濕地進行常規的調查 於上午九時, 我趕起了一隻細小的百靈, 而牠並不是雲雀類 Alauda sp. 由於體形細小而有特別的飛行叫聲, 我辨認此鳥為 Alaudala 或 Calandrella 短趾百靈類 該鳥於附近徘迴並於 100 米外著陸 我趕快地拍了些照片並用記事薄描述其鳴叫聲 十分鐘後我回到那裏找牠, 檢視牠的羽毛狀態 由於該鳥頗為容易飛起, 並且有些朋友已在前來的途中, 故此我並沒有走近牠 我當時覺得牠已經平靜下來, 所以我繼續我的調查工作 ; 但及後並再見不到那隻雀了 描述整體的印象為細小 缺乏明顯特徵 顏色偏淡, 一隻細小的有冠百靈鳥 體形及桔構牠明顯較雲雀細小, 飛行時尾較短, 粗略估計約黃胸鵐般大小, 佇立時尾部明顯短而初級飛羽有兩條明顯較三級飛羽長 冠羽較長, 形成了一個小的鳳頭, 但並不如雲雀那般明顯 喙部小 淡色及呈圓錐形 上半部為帶沙褐色調的灰褐色 冠羽 枕部 背部及肩羽全都有黑色縱紋 冠部的縱紋較明顯, 形成輕微帽子的形狀 大覆羽帶深褐色及沙褐的羽緣 三級飛羽淡褐色及淺色羽緣 初級飛羽較三級飛羽深色及於羽緣部分呈沙褐色, 令翅膀接叠時呈一小幅淡沙褐色 下半部非常淡色, 並帶淡灰色調 上胸的微細縱紋成領巾狀 胸及頸的兩側並沒有黑斑 頭部較平淡, 並沒有明顯眼眉及貫眼紋, 眼先為淡色 尾羽褐色而最外的尾羽較淡色 ( 並沒有清晰看到 ) 無論飛行或者地上, 牠都沒有因籠養而造成的損傷 其叫聲可描述為輕柔的啾唧 gri-gri-grik 其聲難以記錄但可肯定與東亞的雲雀不同 牠在驚覺飛起的原地徘徊叫了三次 當我觀察牠時, 我並未為意牠是一種迷鳥 其後的參閱文獻時發現牠是日本南部的常見鳥 (Brazil 1991), 及在台灣 (Pan Chih Yuan in litt.) 只有五個紀錄, 於 11 月至 4 月其間出現

322 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Asian Short-toed Lark First Record 紀錄委員會評註辨認上不成問題, 但主要問題在於牠是否一隻迷鳥, 及牠是否自然地在香港出現 這鳥種在中國東北繁殖, 最南為江蘇北部, 而大陸的最南紀錄為 2009 年 11 月 22 日浙江的麗水 牠肯定是長江南部的罕見鳥, 亦沒有被史坦及拉都希所紀錄 總括來說, 日本共有 18 項紀錄, 包括 10 月與 4 月期間於日本海的小島嶼及台灣出現 有鑑於 Melville(1982) 及較近期的紀錄所顯示, 牠似乎較少出現於香港雀鳥販賣中 證據顯示牠應為自然出現本港的個體, 並有可能是由於北部的天氣情況帶牠來港的 而事實上台灣的個體亦沒有籠養的損傷痕跡及同期有不少遷徙鳥經過香港 ( 包括白頭鵐 Emberiza leucocephalos 田鵐 E. rustica 葦鵐 E. schoeniclus 紅頸葦鵐 E. yessoensis 及水鷚 Anthus spinoletta) 辯論後投票結果為四比二, 接受此鳥為香港鳥類第 I 類 參考資料 Brazil, M.A The Birds of Japan. Christopher Helm, London. Melville, D.S A preliminary survey of the bird trade in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Bird Report 1980 pp Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong

323 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: White-tailed Robin First Category I record White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura on Cheung Chau Island The first Hong Kong record accepted as Category I Martin D. Williams c/o HKBWS, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong On 14 th February 2014, I was birdwatching at a gully on Cheung Chau, and saw a brown bird with white flashes in the outer tail fly and land on a rock in the stream bed. Thinking it was a Pale Thrush Turdus pallidus, I looked at it through binoculars and realised it was a large robin; the white patches in the tail were near the base of the tail rather than at the tips, and I immediately identified it as a female White-tailed Robin. It was easily seen that day, several times seeking food among the mossy stream bed rocks; but by the time I last saw it on 24 th February it had become more elusive, rarely venturing from dense cover fringing the stream. Records Committee Comment Previous records of White-tailed Robin have presented the Records Committee with a dilemma. Although this species was known to occur in Guangdong as close to Hong Kong as Ba Bao Shan, it was thought to be sedentary or an altitudinal migrant. In addition, male White-tailed Robins have been regularly recorded in cages in Hong Kong. All five records of this species in Hong Kong up to the end of 2011 were males, one of which was trapped at KARC in 1990 and showed signs of captivity. Using the conservative principle adhered to by the Committee in these circumstances, all five records were accepted as Category III. However, this has recently changed. Analysis of recent Guangdong records has shown the species to be a passage migrant and winter visitor within Guangdong. In addition, records of females have occurred in all three winters from to Photographs of this record on Cheung Chau showed no sign of captivity and the bird acted as a wild bird. It was therefore unanimously agreed to accept the Cheung Chau record as Category I. Acceptance of this record as Category I was followed by a review of all previous records of White-tailed Robin and the acceptance of the following into Category I based on their similar pattern of occurrence in midwinter and the lack of any suggestion of cage damage in the records. 23 January 1993 a male at Tai Po Kau 11 January to 10 February 2004 a male at Tai Po Kau 17 December 2011 a male at TPK Headland 26 to 31 December 2012 a female at Shing Mun A female at Pak Sha O from 29 to 31 December 2014 has also been accepted as a Category I record

324 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: White-tailed Robin First Category I record Plate 70 White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura 白尾藍地鴝 Cheung Chau 14 th February 2014 長洲 2014 年 2 月 14 日 Martin Williams

325 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: White-tailed Robin First Category I record 長洲的白尾藍地鴝 Myiomela leucura 香港首個第 I 類紀錄 Martin D. Williams 由香港九龍荔枝角青山道 532 號偉基大廈 7 樓 C 座香港觀鳥會轉交 在 2014 年 2 月 14 日, 我在長洲一個澗谷觀鳥, 看見一隻褐色的鳥飛降在澗床的石上 這隻鳥的外尾羽帶白色 初時我認為牠是一隻白腹鶇, 但透過雙筒望遠鏡細看之下, 發現是一隻大的鴝, 其尾羽的白斑位近基部而非末端, 於是我立刻辨認是一隻白尾藍地鴝雌鳥 當日, 該鳥數度在澗床上滿佈青苔的岩石間覓食, 甚為容易觀察 可是到了同年 2 月 24 日, 也是我最後一次見到這隻白尾鴝時, 牠的行蹤已變得較為隱蔽, 甚少離開澗邊濃密的植被 紀錄委員會評註基於下列過去所有白尾藍地鴝的紀錄全在隆冬錄得, 也沒有被鳥籠損傷的跡象, 故將這些紀錄納入第 I 類, 而在審視這些紀錄之後, 亦將這項紀錄納入第 I 類 1993 年 1 月 23 日 - 大埔滘, 一雄鳥紀錄 2004 年 1 月 11 日至 2 月 10 日 - 大埔滘, 一雄鳥紀錄 2011 年 12 月 17 日 - 大埔滘岬角, 一雄鳥紀錄 2012 年 12 月 26 日至 31 日 - 城門, 一雌鳥紀錄 2014 年 12 月 29 日至 31 日在白沙澳錄得的一雌鳥紀錄亦獲納入第 I 類

326 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Pine Bunting First Record Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos at Long Valley The first Hong Kong record accepted as Category I Stanley Hui Chi Man c/o HKBWS, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong I went to photograph birds at Long Valley on 12 th November It was a quiet day with only a few Yellow-breasted Buntings Emberiza aureola and Chestnut-eared Buntings E. fucata around. I walked past a harvested paddy field and saw a bunting alone in the field. As it was relatively far away, I only took a few photographs, one of which is provided as Plate 71, and moved on. Later at home, I realized it looked different to other buntings, so I posted it on the HKBWS Forum for identification. It was identified as a female Pine Bunting E. leucocephalos. Records Committee Comment Subsequent to Stanley Hui s posting of his photographs on the HKBWS Website and the bird s identification as a Pine Bunting, more photographs appeared showing that the bird had been present the previous day, 11th November. However, Stanley Hui is credited with the discovery of the Pine Bunting as it was his posting that led to the identification. The tail feather shape and lack of wear suggests this was probably an adult, in which case it was a female. There was heavy passage of buntings at the time, with eight species recorded at Long Valley around the same time, including Rustic E. rustica, Pallas s Reed E. pallasi, Yellow-browed E. chrysophrys and Black-headed Buntings E. melanocephala, all scarce to rare in HK. The bird did not show any indication of previous captivity, and, although perhaps a surprising addition to Category I, its occurrence fits well with autumn records of vagrants in Taiwan, which have occurred on offshore islands on 23 October 1990 on Lanyu Island and 25 October 2008 on Guishan Island. There have also been three records on Taiwan offshore islands in the period April, suggesting it might occur in Hong Kong in spring also. Previously present on the HK List in Category III, this record prompted a review of the two earlier records. A male on Tai Mo Shan on 25 December 2005 showed no sign of captivity in either photographs or behaviour and was also placed in Category I. The earlier record of a male at Tsim Bei Tsui on 1 April 1990 was obviously ex-captive and was retained in Category III

327 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Pine Bunting First Record Plate 71 Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos 白頭鵐 Long Valley 12 th November 2014 塱原 2014 年 11 月 12 日 Stanley Hui Chi Man 許志文

328 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Pine Bunting First Record 塱原的白頭鵐 Emberiza leucocephalos 香港首個第 I 類紀錄許志文由香港九龍荔枝角青山道 532 號偉基大廈 7 樓 C 座香港觀鳥會轉交 2014 年 11 月 12 日, 我到塱原拍攝雀鳥, 只見幾隻黃胸鵐和栗耳鵐, 怪冷清的 經過一塊收割完畢的稻田時, 我看到一隻鵐獨個兒停在田裏 由於牠所在的位置與我距離太遠, 我只拍了幾張照片, 便繼續行程 其中一張照片載於插圖 71 回家後, 我發覺牠與其他鵐不大相同, 便把照片上載到香港觀鳥會討論區尋求辨識 最後證實牠是一隻白頭鵐雌鳥 紀錄委員會評註 在許先生上載該鳥的照片到香港觀鳥會網站, 辨識其為白頭鵐之後, 陸續有更多照片刊出, 證實牠在前一天, 即 11 月 11 日已經出現 然而, 全靠許先生上載照片, 才得以辨認這隻白頭鵐, 故此確認許先生為發現者 據這隻白頭鵐的尾羽形狀及其良好狀況, 估計是一隻成年雌鳥 該段時間有大量鵐到港, 塱原共錄得八個鳥種, 包括田鵐 葦鵐 黃眉鵐和黑頭鵐, 全屬香港罕見或稀少 這隻白頭鵐沒有被豢養的跡象 將其加進香港鳥類名錄第 I 類, 或會讓人感到意外, 但這項紀錄切合台灣的秋季迷鳥紀錄, 包括於 1990 年 10 月 23 日在蘭嶼及於 2008 年 10 月 25 日在龜山島等離島的紀錄 在 4 月 15 至 18 日期間, 亦曾有三項紀錄, 意味白頭鵐亦有可能在春季出現 白頭鵐從前屬香港鳥類名錄第 III 類 這項紀錄促使重新檢視 2015 年 12 月 25 日在大帽山的紀錄, 該項紀錄亦獲更正納入第 I 類

329 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus First Breeding Record Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus breeding in the New Territories The first confirmed breeding record for Hong Kong John A Allcock, Martin Hale c/o HKBWS, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong Whilst birdwatching along a sandy beach in the New Territories on 4 th May 2014 I noticed a male Swinhoe s Plover (also known as White-faced Plover) Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus foraging close to the shoreline. Although I tried to contact other birdwatchers or photographers who may have been interested to see the bird, I was unable to get a signal on my mobile telephone. A short while later I noticed a female Swinhoe s Plover was also present on the same section of beach, sometimes associating with the male. After a while the female ran towards the rear of the beach, away from the tideline, and disappeared. Realising that there was a possibility the two birds were paired and perhaps breeding in the area I moved away to try to watch from a distance but did not see the birds again on that day. I contacted a few other birdwatchers and photographers to make them aware of the record, but did not widely disclose details of the observation in order to minimize potential disturbance at the beach in case birds were attempting to breed. The site was visited the following day by Martin Hale. He was able to obtain photographs of the female, and also discovered a nest containing three eggs at the rear of the beach, close to the location where I had seen the female disappear. At one point the female was seen defending the nest against two nearby Crested Mynas Acridotheres cristatellus. I visited again later in the day and was able to observe from a distance as the female incubated the eggs while the male foraged along the tideline. The site was visited periodically over the following days by me, Martin and other birdwatchers in order to track the progress of the nesting attempt. On 18 th May the female was seen with at least three small downy chicks, confirming that the eggs had hatched, probably a few days earlier. All three chicks survived the following weeks, gradually obtaining juvenile plumage and fledged during early June. Following this they dispersed further along the beach and were last reported from the site on 21 st June. A ground nesting species such as this is potentially at considerable risk from disturbance at nesting sites; this could include unintentional disturbance from the presence of birdwatchers and/or photographers close to the nesting site. For this reason it has been decided that the exact location of the breeding attempt should not be publicised at this stage, in case the birds return to the same site to breed in future years. Although the site was monitored again during the 2015 breeding season, no Swinhoe s Plovers were observed at the site

330 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus First Breeding Record Plate 72 Male Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus 白臉鴴雄鳥 Hong Kong 2015 香港,2015 年 Martin Hale Plate 73 Female Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus with chick 白臉鴴雌鳥和雛鳥 Hong Kong 2015 香港,2015 年 Martin Hale

331 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus First Breeding Record After several decades of confusion regarding the identification of Swinhoe s Plover, Kennerley et al. (2008) and Bakewell & Kennerley (2008) described some of the key identification features for the taxon. The taxonomic status is not fully resolved, and dealbatus is currently treated as a subspecies of Kentish Plover by most taxonomic authorities but is sometimes considered specifically distinct. Since the publication of identification criteria, it has been recognized that Swinhoe s Plover breeds on sandy beaches on the coast of south China, including Guangdong, and is locally common at some sites. It does not seem to occur on intertidal mudflats lacking sand, and is therefore not observed on the mudflats of Inner Deep Bay where Kentish Plover (C. a. alexandrinus/nihonensis) is a regular winter visitor. The occurrence of Swinhoe s Plover on sandy beaches in Hong Kong was often predicted before the first record on 26 th October 2013, when a single bird was observed on the beach at Tai Long Wan on the Sai Kung peninsular (Welch 2015). Following this confirmed breeding record, other observations of the taxon may be reported from other beaches in Hong Kong. References Bakewell, D.N. & Kennerley, P.R Field characteristics and distribution of an overlooked Charadrius plover from South-East Asia. BirdingASIA 9: Kennerley, P.R., Bakewell, D.N. & Round, P.D Rediscovery of a long-lost Charadrius plover from South-East Asia. Forktail 24: Welch, G Systematic List Hong Kong Bird Report 2013 pp Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong

332 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus First Breeding Record 環頸鴴的 dealbatus 亞種白臉鴴在香港的首個繁殖紀錄 柯祖毅夏敖天 由香港九龍荔枝角青山道 532 號偉基大廈 7 樓 C 室轉交 香港觀鳥會 2014 年 5 月 4 日, 我沿新界一處沙灘觀鳥時, 發現一隻環頸鴴的 dealbatus 亞種白臉鴴 (Swinhoe's Plover, 亦稱 White-faced Plover) 雄鳥在海岸線附近覓食 我嘗試通知一些或許會想看看這隻鳥的鳥友和攝影者, 但奈何手機沒有訊號 過了一會, 我發現同一段沙灘上還有一隻白臉鴴雌鳥, 不時與雄鳥互動 不久, 雌鳥向沙灘邊奔去, 遠離海岸, 失去蹤影 我想到這兩隻白臉鴴可能是在該處繁殖的一對, 於是退開並試着從遠處觀察, 但當天未再見到這兩隻鳥 其後我通知了數名鳥友和攝影者, 請他們注意這筆紀錄, 但為了減低對這雙可能在繁殖的白臉鴴的騷擾, 觀察的詳情並沒有廣泛公開 翌日, 夏敖天視察該處, 拍到雌鳥一些相片, 更發現沙灘邊緣有一個巢, 巢內有三顆蛋, 地點接近前一天雌鳥消失的位置 他更觀察到雌鳥與附近兩隻八哥 Acridotheres cristatellus 抗衡, 保衛鳥巢 當天稍後時間, 我再到沙灘, 遠遠看見雌鳥在孵蛋, 雄鳥則在岸邊覓食 往後的日子, 我 夏敖天和其他鳥友定期視察該處, 記錄白臉鴴繁衍的進度 5 月 18 日, 雌鳥帶着至少三隻細小並且長滿絨毛的雛鳥, 證實鳥蛋可能在數天前孵化 接下數周, 三隻雛鳥都存活下來, 逐漸長出幼鳥的羽毛, 並在六月初長成, 之後牠們散居沙灘較遠處, 最後一次在該地的紀錄是在 6 月 21 日 像白臉鴴這類在地面築巢的鳥種, 面對鳥巢受到滋擾的風險, 這些滋擾可能源於鳥友或攝影者不自覺地接近巢的位置 考慮到這對白臉鴴往後或會回到同一地點繁殖, 故此決定現階段不應公布繁殖的確實地點 雖然在 2015 年的繁殖季節, 同一地點繼續受到觀察, 卻沒有看到白臉鴴 白臉鴴的辨識在經歷數十年的不確定之後, 終於由 Kennerley et al. (2008) 和 Bakewell & Kennerley (2008) 指出這個分類一些主要的辨認特徵 白臉鴴的分類仍未有定論, 現時大部分分類學權威均視此鳥種為環頸鴴 (Kentish Plover) 的一個亞種, 但有時亦將之視為一個獨特的鳥種 在辨識標準發表之後, 確認了白臉鴴會在華南包括廣東沿岸的沙灘繁殖, 在某些地點屬常見, 但在少沙的潮間帶泥灘不見其蹤跡, 所以在常見冬候鳥環頸鴴 C. a. alexandrinus/ nihonensis 出沒的內后海灣的泥灘並無紀錄 白臉鴴在香港的首個紀錄在 2013 年 10 月 26 日錄得, 當時在西貢半島大浪灣的沙灘上發現一隻白臉鴴 (Welch 2015) 在這之前, 人們已不時預料白臉鴴會出現在香港的沙灘 繼這筆白臉鴴繁殖紀錄, 香港其他的沙灘也有可能錄得這個分類的紀錄

333 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Swinhoe's Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus First Breeding Record 參考資料 Bakewell, D.N. & Kennerley, P.R Field characteristics and distribution of an overlooked Charadrius plover from South-East Asia. BirdingASIA 9: Kennerley, P.R., Bakewell, D.N. & Round, P.D Rediscovery of a long-lost Charadrius plover from South-East Asia. Forktail 24: Welch, G Systematic List Hong Kong Bird Report 2013 pp Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong

334 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Paul J Leader and Geoff J Carey c/o AEC Ltd, 127 Commercial Centre, Palm Springs, Yuen Long, Hong Kong Introduction Publication of The Avifauna of Hong Kong (Carey et al. 2001) came soon after the comprehensive revision of the Golden-spectacled Warbler Seicercus burkii complex following the publication of ground-breaking research (Alström and Olsson 1999, 2000, and Martens et al. 1999, and followed later by Olsson et al. 2004), which resulted in the complex being treated as six rather than one species, largely based on differences in the song of breeding birds. Four of these species were known to breed in central and eastern China and, as the identification and exact distributions of these was poorly understood at the time, a very cautious view was taken in Carey et al. (2001) with only two individuals, both of which had been trapped and photographed, published to species level despite a significant body of historical records of the complex. Since then, there has developed a greater understanding of the identification criteria, species level differences in calls and the distribution of the complex. This has coincided with advances in digital photography which have resulted in a number of birds in Hong Kong being extremely well photographed, and whilst there is undoubtedly more to learn about the complex, we present in this paper identification criteria for the Seicercus warblers occurring in Hong Kong and discuss their current status. Identification In addition to White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis, all four species of the Golden-spectacled Warbler complex likely to occur have now been recorded in Hong Kong. These comprise Grey-crowned Warbler S. tephrocephalus, Bianchi s Warbler S. valentini, Martens s Warbler S. omeiensis and Alström s Warbler S. soror. Chestnut-crowned Warbler S. castaniceps also occurs although the latter is readily identified and is not included in this paper. When encountering a Seicercus warbler, observers are advised to focus on whether (and where) the eye-ring is broken, the extent of the lateral crown stripes, the extent of grey on the median crown-stripes and below the lateral crown stripes, the intensity of the colour of the upperparts and the underparts, the prominence of the wing bars, and to pay careful attention to any calls given. There is some species-level variation in the amount of white in the outer tail feathers, and whilst this is useful in the hand it is of limited use in the field (more detail can be found in Alström and Olsson 1999). Plumage descriptions Grey-crowned Warbler The eye-ring is yellow and with a small but distinct break at the rear of the eye. The lateral crown-stripes are black and well-marked, reaching almost to the bill. There is much grey on the head with both the median crown stripe and the area immediately

335 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong below the lateral crown-stripes being extensively bright grey. The upperparts are yellowish-green and the underparts are a bright rather saturated yellow. The greatercovert wing bars are faint or lacking. The bill is relatively short and thin. The overall impression is of rather bright bird with a well-marked head pattern with extensive grey. The break in the eye-ring at the rear of the eye is diagnostic. Bianchi s Warbler The eye-ring is yellow and unbroken. The lateral crown-stripes are black and reach onto the forecrown, where they are indistinct. The median crown stripe is grey and below the lateral crown-stripes there is moderately extensive grey. The upperparts are dull greyish-green and the underparts are yellow, often with some green on breast sides and flanks. The greater-covert wing bars are usually distinct, but may be faint or lacking. The bill is relatively long and broad. The overall impression is of a moderately well-marked bird with strong wingbars and a larger bill. Separation from Martens s Warbler on plumage alone can be problematic. Alström s Warbler The eye-ring is yellow and unbroken. The lateral crown-stripes are black and relatively short, often only reaching to above the middle of the eye but sometimes extending onto the forecrown, where they can be relatively distinct. The median crown stripe is pale grey and there is very little grey below the lateral crown-stripes and in some birds none at all. The upperparts are dull greyish-green and the underparts are yellow, often with some green on breast sides and flanks. The greater-covert wing bars are usually lacking, but may be faint to distinct. The bill is relatively long and broad. The overall impression is of relatively dull bird, with a poorly-marked head pattern. Martens s Warbler The eye-ring is yellow and unbroken. The lateral crown-stripes are black and reach onto the forecrown where they are relatively distinct. The median crown stripe is grey and below the lateral crown-stripes there is moderately extensive grey. The upperparts are yellowish-green and the underparts are variable in colour, often dull yellow but brighter in some birds. The greater-covert wing bars are usually lacking, but may be faint to distinct. The bill is relatively short and thin. The overall impression is of a moderately well-marked bird typically without wingbars. Separation from Bianchi s Warbler on plumage alone can be problematic. White-spectacled Warbler The subspecies occurring in east China (intermedius) has two colour morphs, a greyheaded morph and a green-headed morph; the latter was originally described as a distinct sub-species, cognitus. Individuals of the grey-headed morph have black and well-marked lateral crownstripes, reaching almost to the bill and have much grey on the head with both the median crown stripe and below the lateral crown-stripes being extensively bright grey. The upperparts are yellowish-green and the underparts are a bright, rather saturated yellow. The wing bars are very broad and unlike the previous species it often shows a very broad median covert wing bar in addition to the greater covert wing bar. The bill is relatively short and thin

336 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong The green-headed morph differs markedly in lacking any grey on the head, although some birds show a little grey on the median crown stripe; it is unclear if such birds are within the range of variation of green-headed birds or are intermediates with greyheaded birds. The overall impression is of a very well-marked bird, with both the very distinct wing bars and the break in the eye-ring above the eye being diagnostic, making this the easiest of the group to identify on plumage alone. Table 1 A summary of the key plumage features of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong. Golden-spectacled Warblers White-spectacled Warbler S. affinis Eye-ring Lateral crown stripes Median crown stripe Lower border of lateral crown stripes Upperparts Underparts Greater covert wing bars Median covert wing bars Relative Bill structure Grey-crowned Warbler S. tephrocephalus Yellow with narrow break at rear Black, distinct, reaching almost to bill Bianchi s Warbler S. valentini Yellow and unbroken Black, extending onto forecrown, where indistinct Alström s Warbler S. soror Yellow and unbroken Black, often reaching only to above midpart of eye, but can extend onto forecrown, where can be distinct Martens s Warbler S. omeiensis Yellow and unbroken Black, extending onto forecrown, where distinct grey-headed morph Yellow. Comparatively broader and with a distinct break in the eye-ring at the top of eye Black, distinct, reaching almost to bill green-headed morph Yellow. Broader and broken at top of eye Black, reaching onto forecrown or almost to bill Bright grey Grey Pale grey Grey Bright grey Olive-green to grey Bright grey and extensive More saturated yellow Faint or lacking Grey, moderately extensive Dull greyish green Yellow, often with some greenish on breast sides and flanks Distinct, rarely faint or lacking Very little grey, sometimes pure olive-green Dull greyish green Yellow, often with some greenish on breast sides and flanks Usually lacking, rarely faint or distinct Grey, moderately extensive Variable but often dull yellow, sometimes very bright Usually lacking, rarely faint or distinct Bright grey and extensive More saturated yellow Very distinct Lacking Lacking Lacking Lacking Often very distinct Slightly shorter and thinner Slightly longer and thicker Slightly longer and thicker Slightly shorter and thinner Slightly shorter and thinner Olive-green Yellowishgreen Yellowishgreen Yellowishgreen Yellowishgreen More saturated yellow Very distinct Often very distinct Slightly shorter and thinner

337 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Calls Although separation of the group on plumage can be difficult, when considering the typical calls in the non-breeding season the situation is more straightforward. Each is fairly distinctive and, perhaps with the exception of Martens s and Grey-crowned, distinctly different from other members of the species group. Figure 1 provides sonograms of the typical calls of each of the taxa that have occurred in Hong Kong. Figure 1 Sonogram of typical calls of Seicercus warblers occurring in Hong Kong Geoff J Carey The calls of Grey-crowned and Martens s Warblers appear very similar on a sonogram, each having a broad frequency range but being of very short duration. Despite this, the two are easily separated, not least because the call of Grey-crowned is a double note; although these are separated by less than 0.1 second, they can readily be distinguished when the call is heard clearly. Compared to the call of Martens s Warbler, that of Grey-headed has a slight rolling quality. In a Hong Kong context, the call of Martens s Warbler most resembles that of a Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus, especially in terms of delivery, with regular calls interspersed with more frequent and more irregular utterances; it is, however, not so flat and sounds slightly higher-pitched. The call of Bianchi s Warbler is the only one of the group in which the pitch markedly falls. It begins at a pitch slightly higher than that of White-spectacled, but falls to a level slightly lower. It can be transcribed as pyoo or tyoo

338 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong The typical call of Alström s Warbler is distinctive in that it has the highest pitch of the group. It is also a double note that can be transcribed as ch-chee ; there appears to be a slight fall in pitch, but this is not as marked as in the call of Bianchi s. The frequency range of this call is approximately khz, and consequently this is the only call that, in pitch, broadly matches that of Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus. The typical call of White-spectacled sounds like a double-note call, though as can be seen from the sonogram it consists of four elements, the latter three being very close together. It is fairly high-pitched and begins with a single whistled note, followed by a slightly inflected, slurred whistle, almost a trill, and can be transcribed as chi-chirree. Thus, if typical calls are heard well, identification to species should be relatively straightforward. Status in Hong Kong up to the end of Grey-crowned Warbler One record on 14 November 1993, at Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre. Bianchi s Warbler Seven records, with a mix of late autumn migrants and mid-winter records, ranging from 5 November to 23 January; four of the records are from Po Toi. Alström s Warbler Five records, all mid-autumn migrants between 30 September and 16 October. Two records each from Tai Po Kau and Po Toi, and one from Mai Po Martens s Warbler Six records, all in the second half of the winter and covering the period 28 December 15 February; most records are from mature woodland sites. White-spectacled Warbler Sixteen records of about 14 individuals, all mid-winter from 17 November to 24 February. Twelve of the records are from Tai Po Kau. As such, although not listed in Carey et al and first recorded in 2002 (Wong and Wong 2009), White-spectacled is the commonest Seicercus in Hong Kong (although this may reflect the relative ease with which this species can be identified) followed by Bianchi s Warbler. All others are distinctly rare, although with six records since the first in 2013 (Carey 2015) Martens s Warbler has presumably been overlooked in the past. Given that Grey-crowned Warbler is distinctive both in terms of plumage and call, it seems reasonable to conclude that this is a genuinely rare species in Hong Kong. Records are summarized in Figure

339 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Figure 2 Weekly numbers of all identified Seicercus records to end 2014 Summary Whilst it may not be possible to identify all Seicercus warblers encountered in Hong Kong, based on a combination of plumage criteria and calls many individuals can be identified in the field; furthermore, the marked seasonality of some species may also assist in the process

340 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong References Alström, P. & Olsson, U The Golden-spectacled Warbler: a complex of sibling species, including a previously undescribed species. Ibis 141: Alström, P. & Olsson, U Letter: Golden-spectacled Warbler systematics. Ibis 142: Carey, G. J., Chalmers, M. L., Diskin, D. A., Kennerley, P. R., Leader, P. J., Leven, M. R., Lewthwaite, R. W., and Young, L. (2001) The Avifauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Birdwatching Society, Hong Kong. Carey 2015 Martens's Warbler Seicercus omeiensis at Pak Sha O, Sai Kung: The first Hong Kong record. Martens, J., Eck, S Päckert, M. and Sun, Y. H The Golden-spectacled Warbler Seicercus burkii a species swarm (Aves: Passeriformes: Slyviidae). Zool. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden 50: Olsson, U., Alstrom, P. and Sundberg, P Non-monophyly of the avian genus Seicercus (Aves: Sylviidae) revealed by mitochondrial DNA. -Zool. Scri. 33: Wong, P and Wong, M White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis at Tai Po Kau: The first record for Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Report The Hong Kong Birdwatching Society, Hong Kong

341 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Plate 74 Grey-crowned Warbler S. tephrocephalus 灰冠鶲鶯 KARC, 14 th November 1993 嘉道理農業研究所 1993 年 11 月 14 日 Paul J. Leader 利雅德 Note the break in the eye-ring at the rear of the eye, the lack of wing bars and the extensive grey below the lateral crown stripes. 眼圈在眼後方出現缺口, 沒有翼斑, 側冠紋下方有大片明顯的灰色 Plate 75 Grey-crowned Warbler S. tephrocephalus 灰冠鶲鶯 KARC, 14 th November 1993 嘉道理農業研究所 1993 年 11 月 14 日 Paul J. Leader 利雅德 Note the extensive and bright grey in the median crown stripe and below the later crown stripes and the welldefined, black lateral crown-stripes which almost reach to the base of the bill 在中央冠紋及側冠紋下方有大片明亮的灰色, 而明確的黑色側冠紋差不多伸延至嘴基

342 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Plate 76 Bianchi's Warbler S. valentini 比氏鶲鶯 Po Toi Island, 19 th November 2009 蒲台 2009 年 11 月 19 日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Note the unbroken eye-ring, black lateral crown-stripes and limited grey below the lateral crown stripes and the moderately distinct greater covert wing bar. 眼圈完整, 黑色的側冠紋下方只有小許灰色, 大覆羽翼斑清晰可見 Plate 77 Bianchi's Warbler S. valentini 比氏鶲鶯 Po Toi Island, 13 th November 2014 蒲台 2014 年 11 月 13 日 Koel Ko 高偉琛 Note the indistinct lateral crown stripes on the forecrown. 側冠紋於額前位置較為模糊 Plate 78 Bianchi's Warbler S. valentini 比氏鶲鶯 Po Toi Island, 29 th November 2009 蒲台 2009 年 11 月 29 日 Bill Man 文權溢 A bird with better marked lateral crown stripes and more extensive grey below the lateral crown stripes recalling Greycrowned. However, note the unbroken eye-ring and the well-defined greater covert wing bar which rules out that species. 此個體有著灰冠鶲鶯較明顯的側冠紋及其下方較多的灰色, 然而, 牠那完整的眼圈及清晰的大覆羽翼斑均否定了灰冠鶲鶯

343 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Plate 79 Alström's Warbler S. soror 純色尾鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 30 th September 2012 大埔滘 2012 年 9 月 30 日 Wallace Tse 謝鑑超 Note the unbroken eye-ring, the poorly marked head pattern (looking almost unmarked on this view), the poorly marked greater covert wing bar, the relatively dull upperparts and the rather long bill. 眼圈完整, 頭上條紋不清晰 ( 此圖看起來差不多沒有條紋 ), 模糊的大覆羽翼, 下體色澤比較暗淡, 較長的嘴 Plate 80 Alström's Warbler S. soror 純色尾鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 9 th October 2004 大埔滘 2004 年 10 月 9 日 Peter & Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 Note the poorly defined head pattern with indistinct lateral crown stripes, limited grey on head and the lack of wing bar. 頭上條紋並不清晰, 側冠紋模糊, 頭上只有小許灰色, 沒有翼斑 Plate 81 Alström's Warbler S. soror 純色尾鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 30 th September 2012 大埔滘 2012 年 9 月 30 日 Peter & Michelle Wong 黃理沛江敏兒 Note the lack of lateral crown stripes and grey on the forecrown 額冠上沒有側冠紋和灰色

344 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Plate 82 Martens's Warbler S. omeiensis 峨嵋鶲鶯 Pak Sha O, 14 th January 2014 白沙澳 2014 年 1 月 14 日 Mei Ling Tang 鄧美玲 Note the unbroken eye-ring and the well-marked greater-covert wing bar, and the overall similarity with Bianchi's Warbler. 眼圈完整, 清晰的大覆羽翼斑, 與比氏鶲鶯大致相似 Plate 83 Martens's Warbler S. omeiensis 峨嵋鶲鶯 Pak Sha O, 14 th January 2014 白沙澳 2014 年 1 月 14 日 Mei Ling Tang 鄧美玲 Note the well-marked lateral crown stripes, the grey on the median crown stripe and below the lateral crown stripes, and the well-marked greater covert wing bar. 清晰的側冠紋, 中央冠紋及側冠紋下方可見灰色, 大覆羽翼斑非常明確

345 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong Plate 84 White-spectacled Warbler S. affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Tai Po Kau, 16 th December 2014 大埔滘 2014 年 12 月 16 日 Aaron Lo 羅瑞華 Grey-headed morph. Note the obvious break above the eye in an otherwise broad eye-ring, the very broad greatercovert wingbar, the well-defined head pattern, and the bright yellow underparts. 灰頭型, 寬闊的眼圈上方有一明確的缺口, 大覆羽翼斑亦非常寬闊, 頭上條紋清晰, 以及下體呈現明亮的黃色 Plate 85 White-spectacled Warbler S. affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Aberdeen CP, 4 th February 2014 香港仔郊野公園 2014 年 2 月 4 日 Wallace Tse 謝鑑超 Green-headed morph. Note the obvious break in the eye-ring and the wellmarked greater and median covert wing bar 綠頭型, 眼圈有明確的缺口, 大及中覆羽翼斑清晰可見 Plate 86 White-spectacled Warbler S. affinis 白眶鶲鶯 Aberdeen CP, 25 th January 2014 香港仔郊野公園 2014 年 1 月 25 日 Kevin Lok 駱正華 Green-headed morph. Note the obvious break in the eye-ring, the welldefined lateral crown-stripes, the total lack of grey on the head and the obvious greater covert wing bar. 綠頭型, 眼圈有明確的斷口, 清晰的側冠紋, 頭上缺乏灰色, 大羽翼斑非常明顯

346 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong 香港 Seicercus 屬鶲鶯的鑑別 利雅德及賈知行 香港元朗加州花園商場 127 號 AEC Ltd 簡介香港鳥類名錄 (Carey et al. 2001) 出版不久之前, 一項突破性的研究 (Alström and Olsson 1999, 2000, 及 Martens et al. 1999, 之後有 Olsson et al. 2004) 導致為金眶鶲鶯 Seicercus burkii 組合作出了全面性的修訂, 由一個鳥種變成六種, 主要基於牠們繁殖期的鳴叫聲的差別 其中四個鳥種已知在中國中部及東部繁殖, 但牠們的鑑定及精確分佈在當時來說所知甚少, 所以香港鳥類名錄 (Carey et al. 2001) 當時採取保守的觀點只列出兩個曾被捕捉及拍照的鳥種, 儘管當時已有不少這個組合成員的紀錄 自始, 我們更了解牠們的鑑定標準, 鳴叫聲的差別及分佈 同時間數碼相機的進步令我們得到一些拍攝得極好的相片, 令我們對這個組合了解更多 我們在此介紹在香港出現的 Seicercus 類鶲鶯的鑑別準則及討論牠們現時在香港的情況 鑑定除了白眶鶲鶯 Seicercus affinis, 所有可能出現在香港的四種歸納在 金眶鶲鶯 組合的鳥種都已經被記錄了 這些包括灰冠鶲鶯 S. tephrocephalus, 比氏鶲鶯 S. valentini, 峨嵋鶲鶯 S. omeiensis 和純色尾鶲鶯 S. soror 儘管栗頭鶲鶯 S. castaneiceps 也在香港出現, 但後者很容易識別, 所以並不包括在本文中 當遇到 Seicercus 類鶲鶯時, 建議大家留意牠的眼圈是否有缺口 ( 和位置 ) 其側冠紋的範圍 中冠紋和側冠紋下端灰色的範圍 上體和下體顏色的強度 翼斑是否突出, 並留意牠的叫聲 外部尾羽白色的程度在個別鳥種有一些變異, 這項特徵只在捕捉在手時看到, 在野外觀察並未能起到實際作用 ( 更多細節可以在 Alströmand and Olsson1999 中找到 ) 羽衣描述灰冠鶲鶯黃色眼圈, 眼圈後部有一細小但明顯的缺口 清晰黑色的側冠紋幾乎延伸到喙部 較多灰色在頭部的中央冠紋及側冠紋下端的位置 側冠紋下端位置的灰色較廣泛及鮮明 上體黃綠色, 下體則鮮黃 大覆羽的翼斑淺淡或是從缺 喙部比較短小 整體感覺是一隻顏色鮮艷的鳥, 頭部覆蓋了明顯廣泛的灰色, 而眼圈後部的缺口為最決定性

347 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong 比氏鶲鶯眼圈黃色兼且沒有缺口, 黑色側冠紋延伸到前冠但不太顯注 灰色中央冠紋, 側冠紋下端的位置有適度廣泛灰色 上體暗淡灰綠色, 下體黃色, 但胸部邊沿及側腹常有一些綠色 大覆羽翼斑通常會明顯, 但亦可能會淺淡或缺乏 喙部比較長和厚 整體感覺是隻有清楚翼斑及喙部較大的鳥, 如只從毛色去鑑定牠與峨嵋鶲鶯的分別就比較困難 純色尾鶲鶯眼圈黃色且沒有缺口 黑色側冠紋相對短小只延伸到眼的中間位置以上, 但有時則顯注地延伸到前冠 淺灰色的中央冠紋, 側冠紋下端只有小量灰色, 有些甚至沒有灰色 上體暗淡灰綠色, 下體黃色, 但胸部邊沿及側腹常有一些綠色 大覆羽翼斑一般從缺, 但亦可能會淺淡或清晰 喙部比較長和厚 整體感覺是一隻較暗淡的雀鳥而頭並沒有甚麼明顯特徵 峨嵋鶲鶯眼圈黃色沒有缺口 黑色側冠紋顯注地延伸到前冠 灰色中央冠紋, 側冠紋下端有適度廣泛灰色 上體黃綠色, 下體卻可能有不同的顏色, 通常是暗黃色但有些又比較鮮黃 大覆羽翼斑一般從缺, 但亦可能會淺淡或清晰 喙部比較短小 整體感覺是隻適度標記清楚但沒有翼斑的鳥, 如只從毛色去鑑定牠與比氏鶲鶯的分別就比較困難 白眶鶲鶯此在中國東部亞種出現的亞種 (intermedius) 有兩顏色型 : 灰頭型和綠頭型 後者最初被描述為不同的亞種 : cognitus 灰頭型的個體有黑色標記清楚的側冠紋, 幾乎延伸到嘴喙, 中央冠紋和側冠紋下端有廣泛亮麗的灰色 上體黃綠色, 下體則鮮黃色 翼斑則非常寬廣, 跟前述的鳥種有所不同的是, 除了有明顯的大覆羽翼斑, 牠有着寬闊的中覆羽翼斑 喙形比較短小 相反, 綠頭型的個體並沒有灰色在頭頂, 雖然個別鳥種有少許灰色在中央冠紋, 這種鳥是綠頭型的變異範圍之內, 或與灰頭型的中間體, 目前尚不清楚 整體感覺是隻標記清晰的鳥, 非常明顯的翼斑, 及眼圈上的缺口都是很決定性的, 令到牠是此群組最容易辨識的鳥

348 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong 表一 : 香港 Seicercus 類鶲鶯羽毛鑑別摘要 金眶鶲鶯 白眶鶲鶯 S. affinis 灰冠鶲鶯 S. tephrocephalus 比氏鶲鶯 S. valentini 純色尾鶲鶯 S. soror 峨嵋鶲鶯 S. omeiensis 灰頭型 綠頭型 眼圈 黃色眼圈 黃色眼圈 黃色眼圈 黃色眼圈 相對較寬的黃 較寬的黃色眼 眼圈後部有一 沒有缺口 沒有缺口 沒有缺口 色眼圈 ; 眼圈 圈 ; 眼圈上方 細小缺口 上方有一明顯 有缺口 的缺口 側冠紋 黑色的 ; 明顯 黑色的 ; 不明 黑色的 ; 通常 黑色的 ; 明顯 黑色的 ; 明顯 黑色的 ; 延伸 的 ; 差不多延 顯的延伸到前 只延伸到眼睛 的伸延到前冠 的 ; 差不多延 到前冠或嘴喙 伸到嘴喙 冠 的中間位置, 伸到嘴喙 但有時會明顯 的延伸到前冠 中央冠紋明亮的灰色灰色暗灰色灰色明亮的灰色橄欖綠到灰色 則冠紋下端 廣泛及明亮的 適度廣泛的 小量灰色, 有 適度廣泛的 廣泛及明亮的 橄欖綠 灰色 灰色 時只有橄欖綠 灰色 灰色 上體黃綠色暗灰綠色暗灰綠色黃綠色黃綠色黃綠色 下體鮮黃黃色, 但胸部 黃色, 但胸部 不定, 通常是 鮮黃 鮮黃 邊沿及側腹常 邊沿及側腹常 暗黃色, 但有 有一些綠色 有一些綠色 時會鮮黃色 大覆羽翼斑淺淡或從缺明顯 ; 很少會 通常從缺 ; 通常從缺 ; 很明顯 很明顯 淺淡或從缺 很少會淺淡或 很少會淺淡或 明顯 明顯 中覆羽翼斑從缺從缺從缺從缺通常很明顯通常很明顯 喙部 ( 相對而言 ) 略短及薄略長及厚略長及厚略短及薄略短及薄略短及薄 叫聲雖然單從羽毛上辨識各種鶲鶯比較困難, 但在非繁殖季節從其叫聲來辨識就簡單得多 牠們每一種叫聲都各具特色, 或許除了峨嵋和灰冠鶲鶯外, 牠們跟其他鶲鶯有著顯著的分別 圖一提供了在香港出現的各種鶲鶯的典型聲譜圖 峨嵋和灰冠鶲鶯的叫聲在聲譜圖極為相似, 每一節都具有較廣的頻率範圍但持續時間很短 儘管如此, 這兩個鳥種卻很容易分辨, 不單只是因為灰冠鶲鶯的叫聲是雙音節 ; 雖然這些是小於 0.1 秒分別, 如果可以清楚聽到牠們的叫聲就能立即把牠們分辨出來 相比起峨嵋鶲鶯的叫聲, 灰冠鶲鶯的叫聲有輕微的滾動聲

349 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong 在香港, 峨嵋鶲鶯的叫聲跟褐柳鶯 (Phylloscopus fuscatus) 很相似, 尤其在傳送方面, 在正常鳴叫聲中與更頻繁更不規則的叫聲穿插 ; 但叫聲不太平均及聽似更高音 比氏鶲鶯的叫聲在此群組中唯一一種其叫聲會下沉的, 相比起白眶鶲鶯的叫聲, 開始時稍為高音然後會下沉, 可以被轉錄為 'pyoo' 或 'tyoo' 純色尾鶲鶯的叫聲在此群組中最容易辨別因為牠是最高音的, 雙音節的叫聲可以被轉錄為 'ch-chee' ; 叫聲似乎有下沉但並不如比氏鶲鶯那麼明顯 此調用的頻率範圍大約為 khz, 因此牠的叫聲跟黃尾柳鶯 (Phylloscopus inornatus) 大致相同 白眶鶲鶯的典型叫聲就像一個雙音節, 但從聲譜圖中可以看出它包括四個要元素, 後三個是非常接近 這是相當高音, 開始時像吹著口哨, 隨後略有屈折, 含糊不清, 幾乎開始顫音, 可以被轉錄為 chi-chirree 所以, 如果聽得清楚其典型叫聲, 鑑定牠們就比較簡單了 圖 1: 在香港出現的 Seicercus 鶲鶯的典型聲譜賈知行 香港的現況 ( 至 2014 年底 ) 灰冠鶲鶯 比氏鶲鶯 1993 年 11 月 14 日在嘉道理農業研究所錄得一個紀錄 深秋到冬季的過境鳥中錄得 7 個紀錄, 日期由 11 月 5 日到 1 月 23 日 當中有 4 個紀錄在蒲台錄得 純色尾鶲鶯五個紀錄, 全部都是秋季過境鳥, 從 9 月 30 日到 10 月 16 日錄得 兩個從大埔滘, 一個從蒲台, 一個從米埔錄得

350 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong 峨嵋鶲鶯 白眶鶲鶯 六個紀錄, 都是在冬季後期錄得, 日期由 12 月 28 日到 2 月 15 日, 大部分紀錄都是從成熟林地錄得 16 個紀錄中有 14 個在冬季中段錄得, 日期由 11 月 17 日到 2 月 24 日,12 個紀錄從大埔滘錄得 雖然在 2001 年出版的香港鳥類名錄沒有被列出, 及只在 2002 年第一次錄得 (Wong and Wong 2009), 白眶鶲鶯是香港最常見的 Seicercus 類鶲鶯 ( 雖然可能反映了這個物種相對容易辨別 ), 其次為比氏鶲鶯 所有其他的都明顯罕見, 儘管自 2013 年由第一個紀錄後錄到 6 個紀錄 (Carey 2015) 峨嵋鶲鶯可能以往被忽視 鑑於灰冠鶲鶯既的羽毛和叫聲都很獨特, 似乎有理由斷定灰冠鶲鶯在香港是一個稀有鳥種 紀錄總結於圖 2 圖 2 : 各種 Seicercus 鶲鶯直至 2014 年底的每週數目

351 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: The identification of Seicercus warblers in Hong Kong 總結雖然可能無法在香港識別到所有 Seicercus 類鶲鶯, 但從羽毛的條件及其叫聲, 個別的鳥種應該可以在現場被確定, 加上出現的季節性亦相信可以幫一把! 參考資料 Alström, P. & Olsson, U The Golden-spectacled Warbler: a complex of sibling species, including a previously undescribed species. Ibis 141: Alström, P. & Olsson, U Letter: Golden-spectacled Warbler systematics. Ibis 142: Carey, G. J., Chalmers, M. L., Diskin, D. A., Kennerley, P. R., Leader, P. J., Leven, M. R., Lewthwaite, R. W., and Young, L. (2001) The Avifauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Birdwatching Society, Hong Kong. Carey 2015 Martens's Warbler Seicercus omeiensis at Pak Sha O, Sai Kung: The first Hong Kong record. Martens, J., Eck, S Päckert, M. and Sun, Y. H The Golden-spectacled Warbler Seicercus burkii a species swarm (Aves: Passeriformes: Slyviidae). Zool. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden 50: Olsson, U., Alstrom, P. and Sundberg, P Non-monophyly of the avian genus Seicercus (Aves: Sylviidae) revealed by mitochondrial DNA. -Zool. Scri. 33: Wong, P and Wong, M White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis at Tai Po Kau: The first record for Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Report The Hong Kong Birdwatching Society, Hong Kong

352 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Geoff Welch, John Allcock, Richard Lewthwaite c/o HKBWS, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Background and Data Selection The Hong Kong Bird Report 2013 (pp ) presented graphs of annual peak counts from 1990 to 2013 for all waterbird and shorebird species. These were very instructive in showing changes in numbers by species over the most recent 24 year period and we decided to see if similar data could be presented for land bird species in the 2014 Hong Kong Bird Report. Survey results, systematic counts and individual records by HKBWS members over the past 50 years or more have accumulated to form a very large data set of the birds of Hong Kong. From the available data, population changes of waterbird species can be assessed from the data collected by regular systematic counts conducted since 1979 in the Deep Bay area, by far the most important site in Hong Kong for waterbirds, producing a data set which is considered to be representative of Hong Kong as a whole. However, for land birds, no single representative site exists where regular surveys have been conducted, so the challenge is to find data which can be used to show changes in individual land bird species over time. We started by collecting annual peak counts by year from 1990 to 2014 for as many land bird species as possible. The peak counts were then charted in the same way as for waterbirds. Rather surprisingly, these single figures per year did appear to show significant and consistent changes over time for many species, as shown by these two examples, Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica and Chestnut-collared Yuhina Yuhina torqueola The problem then was to decide whether these apparent changes in numbers were real or simply reflected advances in identification, higher levels of observer coverage or some other factor. This is much more difficult to do. Two ways were chosen: 1. Use some alternative data to compare with the peak count data;

353 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Ask experienced observers who were in the field over this period whether these apparent changes corresponded with their experience. The Avifauna of Hong Kong (Carey et al. 2001) is the main source of Hong Kong bird data up to 1998, and fortunately the data used in its preparation is available in digital form, mainly as charts of the sum of peak weekly counts for each species. These add together the peak counts for the species by week for every different location, a much more representative set of data than a simple peak count across Hong Kong for one year. Combining data from The Avifauna and subsequent observations, the sum of peak weekly counts can be produced for each year from 1990 to 2014 for most land bird species and we have used these to compare the weekly data for two separate 10- year periods, and , as on the following charts for Japanese Quail and Chestnut-collared Yuhina By comparing the black lines ( ) with the red lines ( ), it can be seen that Japanese Quail has almost ceased to be a winter visitor to HK although autumn migration numbers are similar, whereas for Chestnut-collared Yuhina, numbers are consistently higher in autumn and winter in the latter period with some recent summer records suggesting breeding. These graphs, together with experienced observer comment, confirm that Japanese Quail has declined in winter, probably due to loss of preferred habitat, and Chestnutcollared Yuhina has increased since 1990 and is now an established breeder in small numbers, probably as a result of the spread and maturation of woodland. We have analysed a total of 267 land bird species in a similar way, using annual peak counts and sum of peak weekly counts. Most of the remaining species are either too common or too rare for useful analysis. Not all species give such clear conclusions as the two above although surprisingly many do. Of the 267, 147 show significant change based on the peak count graphs alone, 45 appearing to show decline and 102 appearing to show growth. We have looked at these in detail and concluded that 27 are genuine declines with 11 requiring further review and 27 are genuine growth including nine newly colonising species. A list of species in each of these categories is given in the Appendix to this paper. The remainder of the 147 may appear to show a change due to bias in the data or reporting effort rather than a real change

354 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: This paper concentrates on the species showing decline; those showing growth will be reported in more detail in a future paper. At this time, it is difficult to identify reasons for many of these declines. One purpose of publishing this paper is to make others, both regionally and locally, aware of these changes in the hope this may lead to identifying the reasons and taking remedial action where it is possible. Buntings Buntings show the most serious declines of all species. Although the regional decline in Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola is well known (BirdLife International 2015), we were surprised to find this also applied in Hong Kong to Little E. pusilla, Black-faced E. spodocephala and probably also Chestnut Bunting E. rutila as the charts show. Both Little and Black-faced have declined substantially in spring, when flocks of between 50 and 150 were regularly recorded, as confirmed by experienced observers. Yellow-breasted and Chestnut have declined in autumn although for Chestnut Bunting this may be partially related to changes in observer coverage at certain key sites. We have little doubt these declines are due to trapping in China, where ricebirds can be of any species of bunting or other species

355 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Swifts and Swallows All these species, White-throated Hirundapus caudacutus and Silver-backed Needletail H. cochinchinensis, Pacific Swift Apus pacificus, House Swift A. nipalensis, Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica and Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus, were regularly seen in large flocks in early spring, particularly in the Deep Bay fishpond area and particularly in certain weather conditions. These large spring flocks no longer occur, but the reason for the declines is not clear. Suitable weather conditions still occur, although it is possible that the timing or frequency of these has changed. Alternatively, the decline may be related to changes in local fishpond management or to changes in habitat area or quality outside Hong Kong. Such of these changes could also affect the wetland margin species discussed below

356 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Wetland Margin Species Oriental Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis is the most affected species of this group with substantial declines in both migration seasons. Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis has declined as a wintering species, particularly at Long Valley, and spring migration numbers of both Bluethroat Luscinia svecica and Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus are now substantially below their earlier numbers. The reasons for these changes are unclear and may be different in each case. Oriental Reed Warbler is probably a regional issue, Zitting Cisticola possibly a local issue. The reasons for Bluethroat and Red-throated Pipit declines are not known but are probably regional as the declines are in the spring migration season

357 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Woodland and Scrubland Species Many of the species under this heading have increased in numbers, due to considerable spread and maturation of native woodland in Hong Kong since the 1980s. This is shown in the list of Growth and Colonising species given in the Appendix below. However, there are some which have declined. Japanese Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata shows a decline in spring passage in spite of greater coverage of offshore islands where they are more regularly seen in spring. Japanese/Manchurian Bush Warbler Horornis diphone/borealis and Palelegged/Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes/ borealoides are combined due to difficulties in field identification. Japanese/Manchurian Bush Warbler winter counts were previously much higher, particularly at Mai Po Nature Reserve. Pale-legged/ Sakhalin Leaf Warbler was regularly recorded in daily counts of more than ten at several locations in Hong Kong, particularly Tai Po Kau. These high daily counts are no longer recorded. Declines in these three species are probably regional factors. White-cheeked Starling Spodiopsar cineraceus shows a decline in winter but recently has increased in breeding numbers, for reasons which are unknown at this time

358 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Kingfishers Systematic counting of both White-throated Halcyon smyrnensis and Black-capped Kingfisher H. pileata in the Deep Bay area began in 1998 and account for the increase in peak counts from that time. However, since the early 2000 s peak counts of both species have declined, and records as well as feedback from experienced observers confirm that Black-capped in particular has declined substantially throughout Hong Kong. Crested Kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris is another species which has declined, although from a low base. These declines are likely the result of regional factors. Raptors Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes has declined on autumn migration and been lost as a breeding species, for regional reasons and/or because of the loss of large areas of Masson Pine Pinus massoniana from Hong Kong. Wintering numbers of Imperial Eagle Aquila heliacal declined from the 1990s but have now stabilised; the decline was probably due to the loss of duck farming activities in the Deep Bay area, which may have provided a food source. Potential sources of declines Although this paper does not intend to address the potential causes of declines in individual species, there are some impacts that may be causing simultaneous declines in multiple species. Addressing these issues may help to reverse the declines in some of the impacted species, perhaps allowing numbers to recover to previous levels

359 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Local habitat changes Hong Kong has undergone long-term habitat changes, especially from increased urbanization, the abandonment of farming practices and the succession of open country habitats (grassland and farmland) into shrubland and ultimately forest. Not all such habitat changes are detrimental to bird species and the increase and maturation of forest has resulted in growth in numbers for many species, some of which have recently colonised or re-colonised Hong Kong. The authors intend to publish a paper on increasing species showing this, in the hope it can be an example to other regions of the positive benefit of habitat protection. Nevertheless declines have occurred in several species due to local habitat changes. Black Baza, Eurasian Jay, Oriental Skylark and Crested Bunting have all been lost as regular breeding species due to habitat changes within Hong Kong. The decline in wintering Japanese Quail is highlighted above as another species potentially affected by habitat changes. Some buntings, wetland margin species or early succession forest species may also have been impacted. Habitat changes outside Hong Kong Migratory species require sufficient habitat outside Hong Kong at their breeding or wintering sites, or at migration stopover sites. Loss of habitat elsewhere in the region may therefore explain some of the observed population changes within Hong Kong. Loss of rainforests in south east Asia and The Philippines continues, and this can be expected to impact species wintering in these forests. This may be a contributory factor in the observed declines of Japanese Paradise Flycatcher and Pale-legged/Sakhalin Leaf Warbler. Draining of wetlands for agricultural, residential or industrial use may affect some wetland margin species mentioned above. Trapping/hunting Fortunately illegal trapping and hunting of birds is not common in Hong Kong, so resident populations are largely safe from such activities. Despite this, migratory birds are still at risk once they leave the boundaries of Hong Kong to travel between breeding and wintering ranges elsewhere in the region. Trapping and hunting of birds in East Asia commonly occurs for human consumption and to provide birds for the ongoing cage bird trade, and nets are also commonly set around crops to prevent bird damage and even at airports to prevent collision with planes. Species impacted by trapping are not restricted to those species caught intentionally, as mist-nets are indiscriminate and will also trap non-target species that may be left to die in the nets. Trapping is widely acknowledged to be one of the leading causes of the decline in Yellow-breasted Bunting. As mentioned earlier, other bunting species are also declining in Hong Kong, and trapping may be a major factor for these. Other species are also no doubt impacted by these activities, but without more data on the trade in wild birds or the species trapped in the region, it is difficult to predict which other species are currently suffering from this activity

360 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Global climate change Global climate change resulting from human emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants is commonly accepted to be a potential source of current and future changes in species populations. To date, most work on this subject has been carried out in Europe and North America, but the same principles apply for species in East Asia. The effects of global climate change are complex and vary in different regions. Bird species occurring in Hong Kong could be affected by changes in habitat conditions as a result of increased temperature or variation in rainfall patterns at breeding, wintering or migration sites. Even without a change in regional population size, for some species the number of individuals observed in Hong Kong may be affected by changes in weather patterns. Storms and weather fronts can force migrant species to stop in Hong Kong and a change in the timing or frequency of these could affect the number of birds seen in the territory. One of the potential causes behind the observed decline in swifts and swallows may be a change in the weather conditions previously associated with the presence of large flocks of these species. Summary The detailed data available in the archives of the Hong Kong Bird Watching Society from 1980 onwards have allowed a comparison of land bird species numbers over the period Although that data inevitably contains some observer bias, its detailed nature and the input of experienced observers has allowed a reasonably accurate assessment of changes in species numbers over that time. The purpose of this paper is to highlight those species which are thought to have declined substantially, particularly those which may be due to regional issues, and with the publication of this paper it is hoped that regional as well as local interest can be established in identifying the reasons for decline, and that some action can be taken to halt and perhaps reverse the decline. Acknowledgement Although the content of this paper remains the responsibility of the authors, they would like to express their appreciation to those birders from the 1990s who have contributed their experience and ideas on the above M.L. Chalmers, H.F. Cheung, D.A. Diskin, P.R. Kennerley, E.M.S. Kilburn, A. Lamont, M.R. Leven, M. Turnbull and M.D. Williams. References BirdLife International Species factsheet: Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola. Downloaded from on 30/12/2015. Carey, G. J., Chalmers, M. L., Diskin, D. A., Kennerley, P. R., Leader, P. J., Lewthwaite, R. W., Leven, M. R., Melville, D. S., Turnbull, M. and Young, L The Avifauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong

361 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Appendix: List of Land Bird Species showing Decline, Possible Decline, Growth and New Colonisation over the period Decline Japanese Quail 鵪鶉 Coturnix japonica NT Black Baza 黑冠鵑隼 Aviceda leuphotes Eastern Imperial Eagle 白肩鵰 Aquila heliaca VU White-throated Needletail 白喉針尾雨燕 Hirundapus caudacutus Silver-backed Needletail 灰喉針尾雨燕 Hirundapus cochinchinensis Pacific Swift 白腰雨燕 Apus pacificus House Swift 小白腰雨燕 Apus nipalensis White-throated Kingfisher 白胸翡翠 Halcyon smyrnensis Black-capped Kingfisher 藍翡翠 Halcyon pileata Crested Kingfisher 冠魚狗 Megaceryle lugubris Japanese Paradise Flycatcher 紫綬帶 Terpsiphone atrocaudata NT Eurasian Jay 松鴉 Garrulus glandarius Oriental Skylark 小雲雀 Alauda gulgula Barn Swallow 家燕 Hirundo rustica Asian House Martin 煙腹毛腳燕 Delichon dasypus Japanese/Manchurian Bush Warbler 日本樹鶯 / 遠東樹鶯 Horornis diphone/borealis Pale-legged/Sakhalin Leaf Warbler 淡腳柳鶯 / 庫頁島柳 Phylloscopus tenellipes/borealoides Oriental Reed Warbler 東方大葦鶯 Acrocephalus orientalis Zitting Cisticola 棕扇尾鶯 Cisticola juncidis White-cheeked Starling 灰椋鳥 Spodiopsar cineraceus Bluethroat 藍喉歌鴝 Luscinia svecica Red-throated Pipit 紅喉鷚 Anthus cervinus Crested Bunting 鳳頭鵐 Emberiza lathami Little Bunting 小鵐 Emberiza pusilla Yellow-breasted Bunting 黃胸鵐 Emberiza aureola EN Chestnut Bunting 栗鵐 Emberiza rutila Black-faced Bunting 灰頭鵐 Emberiza spodocephala Possible Decline Eastern Marsh Harrier 白腹鷂 Circus spilonotus Watercock 董雞 Gallicrex cinerea Oriental Turtle Dove 山斑鳩 Streptopelia orientalis Red Turtle Dove 火斑鳩 Streptopelia tranquebarica Common Kestrel 紅隼 Falco tinnunculus Yellow-bellied Tit 黃腹山雀 Pardaliparus venustulus Eyebrowed Thrush 白眉鶇 Turdus obscurus Yellow-rumped Flycatcher 白眉姬鶲 Ficedula zanthopygia Grey Wagtail 灰鶺鴒 Motacilla cinerea White Wagtail 白鶺鴒 Motacilla alba Japanese Yellow Bunting 硫磺鵐 Emberiza sulphurata VU

362 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: Growth Asian Koel 噪鵑 Eudynamys scolopaceus Himalayan Swiftlet 短嘴金絲燕 Aerodramus brevirostris Blue-tailed Bee-eater 栗喉蜂虎 Merops philippinus Amur Falcon 阿穆爾隼 Falco amurensis Collared Crow 白頸鴉 Corvus torquatus NT Eurasian Skylark 雲雀 Alauda arvensis Chinese Penduline Tit 中華攀雀 Remiz consobrinus Chestnut Bulbul 栗背短腳鵯 Hemixos castanonotus Brown-flanked Bush Warbler 強腳樹鶯 Horornis fortipes Golden-headed Cisticola 金頭扇尾鶯 Cisticola exilis Chestnut-collared Yuhina 栗耳鳳鶥 Yuhina torqueola Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler 棕頸鉤嘴鶥 Pomatorhinus ruficollis Rufous-capped Babbler 紅頭穗鶥 Stachyridopsis ruficeps White-shouldered Starling 灰背椋鳥 Sturnia sinensis Hainan Blue Flycatcher 海南藍仙鶲 Cyornis hainanus Daurian Redstart 北紅尾鴝 Phoenicurus auroreus Fork-tailed Sunbird 叉尾太陽鳥 Aethopyga christinae Brambling 燕雀 Fringilla montifringilla New Colonisation Hodgson's Hawk Cuckoo 霍氏鷹鵑 Hierococcyx nisicolor Lesser Cuckoo 小杜鵑 Cuculus poliocephalus Brown Wood Owl 褐林鴞 Strix leptogrammica Speckled Piculet 斑姬啄木鳥 Picumnus innominatus Bay Woodpecker 黃嘴栗啄木鳥 Blythipicus pyrrhotis Mountain Bulbul 綠翅短腳鵯 Ixos mcclellandii Pygmy Wren-babbler 小鷦鶥 Pnoepyga pusilla Mountain Tailorbird 金頭縫葉鶯 Phyllergates cuculatus Lesser Shortwing 白喉短翅鶇 Brachypteryx leucophris IUCN Red List Categories are given where appropriate: CR Critically Endangered; EN Endangered; VU Vulnerable; NT Near Threatened

363 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 部分香港陸鳥數量的下降 : 賈知行 Richard Lewthwaite 柯祖毅 由香港九龍荔枝角青山道 532 號偉基大廈 7 樓 C 座香港觀鳥會轉交 背景及數據選擇香港鳥類報告 2013 刊登了由 1990 至 2013 年所有水鳥及涉禽每年最高數量的圖表 (2013 香港鳥類報告 頁 ) 這展示了過去 24 年間鳥種數量的變化, 並十分具有啟發性, 因此我們也希望能於 2014 的香港鳥類報告展示陸鳥的類似數據 香港有幸擁有 1980 以至更早不同鳥種的詳細觀察記錄及檔案, 可是要展示有意義的陸鳥數據, 比起水鳥來說更具挑戰 自 1979 年始, 我們便已恒常地數算后海灣的水鳥數目 由於后海灣是水鳥活動的主要範圍, 而且數算出來的數量大致可以代表全港的數量, 因此原始數據本身也已經十分具有意義並可以加以使用 可是就陸鳥而言, 大部分鳥種沒有這樣恒常的數算, 也缺乏一個如此舉代表性的地區, 故此要找出可以大致顯示陸鳥鳥種數目改變的數據實在是一大挑戰 我們盡可能搜集了由 1990 至 2014 年間陸鳥鳥種的每年最高數量, 並把每年最高數量以和水鳥數量相同的圖表展示 令人驚訝的是, 很多鳥種每年的數量似乎顯示了重要並貫徹的轉變, 如以下這兩個例子 : 鵪鶉和栗耳鳳鶥 接著便要決定這些轉變是由於真實數目的改變, 或是由其他原因如加強對物種的辨認 野外種群覆蓋範圍的增加或其他誤差所引致 這是十分困難的 我們使用了以下兩個方法 : 1) 利用其他數據和最高數量作出比較 2) 諮詢於數據搜習期間有在野外觀鳥的資深觀鳥者, 有關轉變是否符合他們的觀察香港鳥類名錄是至 1998 年為止香港鳥類數據的主要來源, 幸好這些數據已被數碼化 香港鳥類名錄就每一鳥種展示了每周最高數目總和的圖表 這數據把每一物種每周於不同地點的最高數量加起, 這相比起只把全港全年錄得的最高數量更具代表性 把香港鳥類

364 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 名錄的數據以及往後的觀察綜合起來, 便可得到 年間大部分鳥種的每周最高數量總和 我們比較了兩個不同十年的數據, 及 , 例如以下有關鵪鶉和栗耳鳳鶥的相關圖表 比較圖表中的黑線 ( ) 和紅線 ( ) 可以發現儘管鵪鶉於秋天過境的數目大致相同, 牠們於本港已幾乎不再是冬侯鳥 ; 反觀栗耳鳳鶥過去數年秋冬的數字則持續高企, 近期並有夏季記錄, 顯示可能已有繁殖 這些圖表結合富經驗觀鳥者的意見, 肯定了鵪鶉在冬天數目的下降, 這很可能是由於喜好生境的減少 ; 至於栗耳鳳鶥則可能因林地的改善, 數目自 1990 年起上升, 並已有少數於本港繁殖 我們利用每年最高數目和每周最高數量的總和, 一共分析了 267 個陸鳥鳥種 其餘沒有進行分析的鳥種則多為十分常見或過於罕見, 以致數量不能作出有用的分析 出奇地很多鳥種的數據能夠給予清楚的結論, 但並不是每一種均可以 在 267 個鳥種中, 根據最高數量的圖表及數據資料, 其中 147 種有明顯的轉變,45 種的數量似乎在下降而另外 102 種則有所上升 我們再詳細分析這些數據, 發現 27 種的數目真的正在減少,11 種的數目則需要再作評估, 另外 29 種的數目呈現真正的升幅 在 147 個鳥種中餘下鳥種數目的改變則很可能是由於增加對特定鳥種的報告或其他數據的誤差, 而不是真正的改變 本文集中討論數目下降的鳥種, 而有關數目呈升幅物種的討論則會於另一文章作出探討 直至現時, 仍然很難解釋很多物種數目下降的原因 我們撰寫此文的目的是希望讓本地以至地區內有關人士可以得知這些轉變, 從而可以幫助找出其中的原因並執行相應措施

365 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 鵐 鵐在所有物種中呈現最嚴重的跌幅 儘管黃胸鵐數量在區域內的下降已廣為人知 ( 國際鳥盟物種報告 ), 圖表顯示本港小鵐 灰頭鵐, 甚至栗鵐的數目也有相似走勢, 情況令人驚訝 小鵐和灰頭鵐在春天數量的跌幅十分明顯, 資深觀鳥者的報告顯示只有 隻可被經常記錄 黃胸鵐和栗鵐的數目在秋天下降, 儘管就栗鵐來說, 部分原因可能是由於在部分重要地點觀察者的覆蓋範圍的轉變所引致 毫無懷疑這些跌勢是由於國內對這些泛指為 禾雀 的鵐或其他鳥種的捕獵所引致 雨燕及燕子

366 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 以下這些物種, 包括白喉針尾雨燕 白背針尾雨燕 白腰雨燕 小白腰雨燕 家燕和煙腹毛腳燕曾經大群出現, 並定期地於春天時被觀察, 特別在后海灣及特定的天氣狀況下 但這些鳥種於春天大群出現的情況已不再發生, 其中原因仍然未清楚 儘管仍然有合適的天氣情況, 但有可能時間及出現的頻率已有改變 另外, 本地魚塘管理的轉變或其地本地情況的改變也有可能導致數目的下降 這些轉變也有可能影響接著討論的濕地邊緣物種 濕地邊緣鳥種

367 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 在這類別中, 東方大葦鶯是最受影響的鳥種, 數量在兩個遷徙季節均顯著減少 ; 棕扇尾鶯數量減少並變成越冬物種, 尤其在塱原 ; 藍喉歌鴝和紅喉鷚的春季遷徒數目也較早期明顯下降 這些變化原因不明, 而且不同情況原因也許不同 東方大葦鶯的減少很可能是區域問題, 棕扇尾鶯則可能是地方問題 藍喉歌鴝和紅喉鷚減少也是原因未明, 觀乎其春季遷徙數目下降, 很可能也是區域問題 樹林和灌木林鳥種在這類別中, 很多鳥種數量均有所增加, 因為自 1980 年代以來, 香港原生林的狀況明顯改善 然而, 有些鳥種數量卻減少了

368 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 紫綬帶於春季較常見於離島, 於離島錄得的數目亦有所增長, 然而整體春季過境數目卻下降了 日本樹鶯 遠東樹鶯和淡腳柳鶯 庫頁島柳鶯, 因為在野外難以辨別而合併記錄 過往日本樹鶯 遠東樹鶯的冬季數量要高很多, 尤其在米埔自然護理區 淡腳柳鶯 庫頁島柳鶯也曾於香港多個地點每日錄得超過十隻, 尤其在大埔滘 這些頗高數量的每日紀錄如今不再出現了 以上三種鳥種數量減少應屬區域問題 灰椋鳥的數量在冬季有所下降, 但近期繁殖數量增加, 原因暫未明確 翠鳥科 白胸翡翠和藍翡翠的統計, 於 1998 年開始在后海灣範圍進行, 因此, 那時兩種翠鳥錄得的最高數目均有所增加 然而, 自 2000 年代早期以來, 兩種翠鳥在該地的最高數量也下降了, 與此同時, 各種紀錄及資深觀察員均確認, 尤其藍翡翠的數目在香港各處也顯著減少 另一種數量減少的鳥種是冠魚狗, 雖然基數很低 這些均應是區域問題 猛禽 黑冠鵑隼的秋季遷徙數目下降, 也不再是繁殖物種, 這是區域因素所致, 及 / 或由於大範圍的馬尾松 Pinus massoniana 在香港消失 白肩鵰的越冬數目在 1990 年代有所下降, 現在穩定下來 ; 數目減少可能是后海灣內養鴨作業消失所致, 因為養鴨作業能為雀鳥提供食物來源

369 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 引致數量下降的潛在原由儘管本文目的並非指出個別鳥種數目下降的潛在原因, 然而, 某些影響也許正在導致不同物種的數量同時減少 提出這些問題, 或能有助逆轉某些受影響鳥種減少的情況, 使其數量回復昔日的水平 本地生境轉變香港經歷了長期的生境轉變, 尤其源於城市化加劇 摒棄農業, 以及生境的演替由開闊郊野生境 ( 草地及農地 ) 變成為灌木林以至樹林 這些生境變化並非全都對物種有害, 林區增加並漸趨成熟, 即造就了很多鳥種數目增長, 有些並於近期在香港形成種群或重新形成種群 筆者擬另文討論生境轉變致使鳥種數目增長的情況, 期望藉此展示生境保護的正面效益, 供其他地區借鑒 儘管如此, 仍有多種鳥種的數目因本地生境轉變而下降 黑冠鵑隼 松鴉 小雲雀和鳳頭鵐不再屬於恆常繁殖鳥種, 正是由於香港的生境出現變化 上文曾重點討論鵪鶉的越冬數目減少, 這是另一種可能受生境變化影響的物種 ; 某些鵐科和濕地邊緣鳥種, 或是演替早期的林區物種, 也可能受到影響 香港以外的生境轉變遷徙物種在香港以外的繁殖地 越冬地或是遷徙中途停歇地, 均需要充足的生境 區域內其他生境的消失, 也許能解釋某些在香港所見種群的變化 東南亞和菲律賓的雨林持續消減, 對在這些林區越冬物種的影響可想而知 ; 這也可能是紫綬帶和淡腳柳鶯 庫頁島柳鶯錄得下降數目的成因 抽乾濕地作為農業 住宅或工業用途, 也可能影響上文提及的一些濕地邊緣鳥種 設網捕鳥 狩獵非法設網捕鳥和狩獵, 在香港可幸並不常見, 因而留鳥種群大都不受這些活動所影響 儘管如此, 遷徙雀鳥在往返區域內其他繁殖地和越冬地時, 一旦離開香港境域, 生命就會受到威脅 在東亞地區, 設網捕捉和狩獵雀鳥以供食用和作籠鳥買賣, 情況相當普遍 ; 農作物周邊也經常設網 ( 阻攔雀鳥損毀作物 ), 甚至機場一帶也會設網 ( 防止雀鳥與飛機相撞 ) 受網捕影響的鳥種並不限於目標獵物, 非目標鳥種同樣會遭霧網一網打盡, 最終可能被遺棄並困死網中 眾所周知, 網捕是導致黃胸鵐數目下降的主要原因 如前所述, 其他鵐科物種的數量在香港同樣下降, 網捕可能就是主要原因 其他鳥種無疑也會受這些捕獵行為影響 然而, 在未有更多關於區域內野鳥買賣或墮網鳥種的數據時, 很難估算現時還有哪些物種正受這些行為威脅 全球氣候變化人類排放二氧化碳和各種污染物, 釀成全球氣候變化, 一般認為, 這是導致物種種群在現時及未來出現變化的潛在原由 至今為止, 有關研究主要在歐洲和北美進行, 其實相同原理也適用於東亞鳥種 全球氣候變化帶來的影響很複雜, 於不同區域也有所差異 在香港出現的鳥種會受 ( 繁殖 越冬或遷徙地的 ) 生境狀況的變化影響, 這些變化源於溫度上升或降雨模式的轉變 即使在區域內的種群數量不變, 由於天氣模式轉變, 某些鳥種在香港出現的數目也會受到影響 風暴和鋒面會逼使遷徙鳥種停留香港, 這些氣象發生的時間或頻度轉變, 均會影響境內可見雀鳥的數目 雨燕科和燕科的數目均呈下降, 其潛在原因可能就是天氣狀況出現變化 ; 這些天氣變化昔日也曾與這些鳥種大集群地出現有關

370 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Declines in some Hong Kong land bird species: 總結香港觀鳥會的資料庫載有自 1980 年以來的詳盡數據, 可供比較 年整個時段中陸鳥鳥種的數目 儘管當中難免會有觀察偏差, 然而由於數據本身非常仔細, 加上資深觀察員的努力, 使該時段物種數目的轉變仍能得到頗為準確的評估 本文旨在揭示相信已顯著減少的鳥種, 尤其受區域因素影響而減少的鳥種 期望透過本文, 能引起區域以及地區的關注, 辨析鳥種數量下降的原因, 進而採取行動, 停止甚至扭轉跌勢 鳴謝筆者謹此向多位 1990 年代以來的鳥友致意, 他們為上述討論提供了寶貴的經驗和意見, 包括米湛士 張浩輝 D.A. Diskin P.R. Kennerley 吳敏 A. Lamont 利偉文 譚寶爾和 M.D. Williams 參考資料 BirdLife International Species factsheet: Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola. Downloaded from on 30/12/2015. Carey, G. J., Chalmers, M. L., Diskin, D. A., Kennerley, P. R., Leader, P. J., Lewthwaite, R. W., Leven, M. R., Melville, D. S., Turnbull, M. and Young, L The Avifauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong

371 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Diving as an escape strategy by Common Sandpiper Diving as an escape strategy by Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos David J Stanton c/o AEC Ltd, 127 Commercial Centre, Palm Springs, Yuen Long, Hong Kong At dusk on the 12th September 2011 on Lamma Island, a hunting Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus flushed a Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos that was foraging on the edge of a freshwater lake. The sandpiper flew low across a stretch of water, for about 20m, when the Peregrine stooped in an attempt to snatch the bird. At the very last moment, the sandpiper dived head-first beneath the water s surface, where it remained for a several seconds before it reappeared, slightly forward from its plunge point. On the surface, the bird bobbed along towards the nearest bank, swimming much in the manner of a phalarope. The Peregrine returned for a second attempt whereby the sandpiper this time performed a surface dive, evading the falcon. Once it resurfaced, it managed to get to the bank, where it was able to disappear in bankside vegetation where it remained under cover. The Peregrine was an immature bird and was obviously an inexperienced hunter as observations were made in the following 20-minute period of failed attempts on a White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis, a migrating flock of Chestnut Bulbuls Hemixos castanonotus and a Little Egret Egretta garzetta. Fortunately for the Common Sandpiper, the combination of this inexperienced predator combined with last-ditch escape strategy prevented a messy outcome. This escape strategy has been described previously in Great Britain for Common Sandpiper adults and full-grown chicks (Moggridge 1851, King 1951, Dougall 2002, Norman 2002, Yalden 2002) and has also been seen by closely-related Spotted Sandpiper A. macularia (Martin & Atkeson 1958, Murie 1934, Stone 1925, Sutton 1925). Other wader species recorded using this strategy include Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, Pied Oystercatcher H. longirostris and Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus (Minton 2001), American Avocet Recurvirostra americana (Sordahl 1982) and Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia (Nethersole-Thompson & Nethersole-Thompson 1979). References Dougall, T Common Sandpipers also dive to escape danger: In Scotland. Wader Study Group Bulletin 97: King, B Dipper-like behaviour of Common Sandpiper. British Birds 44: Martin, L.M. & Atkeson, T.Z Escape diving by a Spotted Sandpiper. Wilson Bull. 70: 281. Minton, C Waders diving and swimming underwater as a means of escape. Wader Study Group Bulletin 96: 86. Moggridge, M The Kestril (sic) in pursuit of prey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 501. Murie, A Spotted Sandpiper eludes Eastern Kingbird by diving. Auk 51:

372 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Diving as an escape strategy by Common Sandpiper Nethersole-Thompson, D. & Nethersole-Thompson, M Greenshanks. Poyser, Berkhampstead. Norman, D Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos attempting to evade capture by swimming underwater. Wader Study Group Bulletin 98: 48. Sordahl, T.A Antipredator behaviour of American Avocet and Black-necked Stilt chicks. Journal of Field Ornithology 53: Stone, W Diving of the Spotted Sandpiper. Auk 42: 581. Sutton, F.L. Jr Swimming and diving activity of the Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia). Auk 42: Yalden, D.W Common Sandpipers also dive to escape danger: In England. Wader Study Group Bulletin 97:

373 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Diving as an escape strategy by Common Sandpiper 磯鷸 Actitis hypoleucos 以潛水作逃脫追捕的策略 David J Stanton 香港元朗加州花園廣場 127 號 AEC 轉交 2011 年 9 月 12 日, 一隻游隼於南丫島趕起了一隻正在淡水湖邊覓食的磯鷸 遊隼企圖捕獵, 磯鷸最初在水面上飛行 20 米 當最危急關頭, 該磯鷸潛了入水中數秒, 及後在潛入水的位置附近再出現 在水面上, 磯鷸以類似半蹼鷸的游泳方式游向岸邊 遊隼再次襲擊, 磯鷸再潛入水中 冒上水面後磯鷸游到岸邊的草叢並隱身其中 該遊隼是一隻無甚經驗的未成年個體 其後的 20 分鐘見到牠繼續捕獵白胸翡翠 一群栗翅短腳鵯及一隻小白鷺 幸運的磯鷸的逃脫奇技及遊隼的不純熟技巧, 令最後沒有慘烈收場 這種逃脫方法在英國的磯鷸成鳥及羽翼剛成的幼鳥, 及近似的斑腹磯鷸 A. macularia 曾有所描述 其他曾用這種方法脫逃的涉禽包括蠣鷸 Haematopus ostralegus 澳洲斑蠣鷸 H. longirostris 及黑翅長腳鷸 Himantopus himantopus (Minton 2001) 褐胸反嘴鷸 Recurvirostra Americana (Sordahl 1982) 及白腰草鷸 Tringa nebularia (Nethersole- Thompson & Nethersole-Thompson 1979) 參考資料 Dougall, T Common Sandpipers also dive to escape danger: In Scotland. Wader Study Group Bulletin 97: King, B Dipper-like behaviour of Common Sandpiper. British Birds 44: Martin, L.M. & Atkeson, T.Z Escape diving by a Spotted Sandpiper. Wilson Bull. 70: 281. Minton, C Waders diving and swimming underwater as a means of escape. Wader Study Group Bulletin 96: 86. Moggridge, M The Kestril (sic) in pursuit of prey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 501. Murie, A Spotted Sandpiper eludes Eastern Kingbird by diving. Auk 51: 231. Nethersole-Thompson, D. & Nethersole-Thompson, M Greenshanks. Poyser, Berkhampstead. Norman, D Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos attempting to evade capture by swimming underwater. Wader Study Group Bulletin 98: 48. Sordahl, T.A Antipredator behaviour of American Avocet and Black-necked Stilt chicks. Journal of Field Ornithology 53: Stone, W Diving of the Spotted Sandpiper. Auk 42: 581. Sutton, F.L. Jr Swimming and diving activity of the Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia). Auk 42: Yalden, D.W Common Sandpipers also dive to escape danger: In England. Wader Study Group Bulletin 97:

374 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Guidelines for the Submission of Records Guidelines for the Submission of Records HKBWS Records Committee Recording and record submission One of the most important functions of the Hong Kong Bird Watching Society is the publication of the Hong Kong Bird Report. The value of this publication, which includes a detailed summary of birds recorded each year, depends on members submitting records of their observations. The submission of records also provides the raw data on which the Society and other researchers can draw conclusions about such things as the importance of a particular site or habitat in Hong Kong, the rarity of a particular species, patterns of migration or habitat preferences. For these reasons, members are encouraged to submit records at the end of each year. What kinds of records are required? The answer to this question is most kinds, except those relating to species that are common and widespread in appropriate habitat, unless these have been recorded as part of a systematic study. In particular, we welcome records of all but the most common migrants and winter visitors, of scarce residents or records of common residents occurring in unusual numbers or habitat. If in doubt, it is best to submit the record. The Society prefers to receive records entered into a simple Excel spreadsheet as this facilitates analysis and allows easy extraction of records for both species and sites. This Excel file should contain seven columns containing the following data: species number, species name, date, place, number of birds, notes and observer name. Observations can then be entered, using one row for each record. A sample and blank copy of the Excel file is given on the HKBWS website. Rarities While the birds of Hong Kong are better known than those of many parts of Asia, new species are regularly being added to the Hong Kong List, and the status of a number of other species remains uncertain or is undergoing change. Further, field identification techniques for some species still require refinement. The Society has a Records Committee to assess records and ensure that a high standard of reporting is maintained. This quality control provides, in part, the Society with a reputable voice in relation to the birds of Hong Kong and the region. While the Records Committee may examine any record submitted, close attention is generally only given to those of rarities. The list of species for which substantiation is required is given in the HK List provided on the HKBWS website. Adequate substantiation in the form of a written description, photograph, video, audio recording or some combination of these is required if the record is to be considered valid and published. A standard recording form for unusual records (URF) is available on the HKBWS website. Ideally, field notes of rarity should cover the following points:

375 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Guidelines for the Submission of Records 1. Date, time, duration and location of sighting, number present and sex or age, if known. 2. Binoculars or telescopes used, distance of bird from observer, weather and light conditions. 3. Description of habitat and a record of other birds, if any, it was associating with. 4. Activity of bird (at rest, in flight, swimming etc). 5. General size, shape and structure compared with other more familiar species. Structural features that may be important should be detailed (e.g. bill length compared to length of head, relative position of wing tips to tail tip, primary projections, hind claw length etc). 6. The most detailed description possible of plumage and bare parts, and not just those considered helpful in identification, should be provided. Try to organise the components of the description logically, for example: head, upperparts, upper- and underwings, upper- and undertail, underparts, bare parts (iris, bill, gape if seen, legs and feet) 7. Vocalisations. Try to indicate the quality of the sound (harsh, piercing, rattling, hoarse, liquid etc), the volume and the pitch, and compare it with calls of other species. 8. Previous experience with the species or similar species. 9. Names of other observers or photographers present. A rough sketch or diagram is often very helpful, and photographs, of course, are invaluable. Try to get others to see the bird, as two descriptions are better than one, and make sure you take notes on the spot, as it is all too easy to imagine field marks after consulting a book! Records of species not on the Hong Kong List generally require more than usually detailed descriptions for acceptance. With regard to species that have distinctive vocalisations, the Records Committee realises that in some cases call only records are acceptable. However, no matter how distinctive, the call should be described in as much detail as possible. If you are able to take reasonable notes of a bird but still cannot identify it, send in the description as it may be possible for the Committee to identify it for you. The increasing number of field guides on the market often make positive identification appear straightforward, but it should be remembered that there are still a number of species that are difficult to separate, and it is only by careful observations that some birds can be identified

376 Hong Kong Bird Report 2014: Notes for applications to visit Mai Po Marshes Notes for applications to visit Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve Members should note that entry to the Mai Po Nature Reserve is restricted in order to minimize disturbance to the wildlife. Applications for permits to enter the restricted area will not normally be entertained unless the applicants are experienced bird watchers, scientists conducting research or on official duty to the area. When applying for a permit, HKBWS members and birdwatching visitors to Hong Kong are advised to state clearly reasons for wishing to visit the reserve. To apply, write to the following address, marking the envelope Application for Mai Po permit : Director of Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Cheung Sha Wan Government Offices 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong You should send photocopies of the following together with your application letter: HKID card or Passport Hong Kong Bird Watching Society membership fees receipt Previous entry permit, if any Visitors should note that it is a requirement of the Wildlife Protection Ordinance that a permit is obtained to enter the Reserve. Furthermore, it is a requirement of WWF- Hong Kong, who manages the Reserve, that users of its facilities are members of that organization. Relevant applicant forms for HKBWS and WWF-Hong Kong could be obtained from the following websites: Further details about access to Mai Po, including information about how to apply for a Frontier Closed Area (FCA) permit to visit the floating bird watching hides, are available from the following websites:

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378 MAI PO NATURE RESERVE A BIRD- WATCHER S PARADISE 觀鳥者天堂 : 米埔自然保護區 Mai Po Nature Reserve is one of the top birdwatching destinations in Hong Kong and throughout China. Visitors can enjoy the sight of tens of thousands of migratory birds, including Black-faced spoonbills, Nordmann s greenshank, Asian dowitcher and Spoon-billed sandpiper. Your support to WWF will help to protect the diverse habitats in Mai Po, home to a wide range of species, and provide facilities for the present and future generations. Further volunteering and membership information can be found at wwf.org.hk. 米埔自然保護區多年來一直深受區內觀鳥者歡迎的雀鳥天堂 訪客可在此欣賞成千上萬的候鳥, 例如黑臉琵鷺 小青腳鷸 半蹼鷸及勺嘴鷸 世界自然基金會期待有您的支持, 協力保護米埔這具重要生態價值的地方, 令這裡繼續成為野生物種及自然愛好者的天堂 歡迎到 wwf.org.hk 了解更多義務工作機會及成為會員的詳情 PHOTO CREDITS (FROM THE LEFT): ANGUS LAU, JOHN & JEMI HOLMES, NEIL FIFER, LORETTA LUK

379 守护 栗斑腹鹀 在我們的身邊, 一些鳥兒正無聲無息地消失, 而樣子長得和普通的麻雀差不多的栗斑腹鵐就是一個例子 近 40 年栗斑腹鵐的棲息地發生了巨大變化, 因為生境破壞 碎化等原因令分佈地逐漸縮小, 現在只在中國東北部幾個地區才能找到它們, 而目前種群估計僅餘不足 250 只, 若不加以保護這珍貴的小鳥便會步向滅絕 捐款 Donation: 已知的分佈區及周邊的種群數量不超過 250 隻在 世界自然保護聯盟 (IUCN) 列為瀕危 (EN) 在 中國瀕危動物紅皮書. 鳥類 中列為稀有種牠們面對的威脅包括過度放牧 乾旱 人為干擾 草原火燒 朱雷 北京观鸟会

380 CHINA PROGRAMME BirdLife International / The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society Introduction: China is immensely rich in birds and other biodiversity. It is home to about 1,300 species of birds (of which 89 are globally threatened) and to date 568 Important Bird Areas have been identified there. Given the importance of China for conservation, BirdLife International and The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society jointly launched a China Programme in April The aims of the programme are to support the development of bird watching and conservation in mainland China with Chinese public participation, and in particular to: 1. Support the development of civil society bird watching and conservation groups throughout China; 2. Raise awareness of the importance of China for birds and of the key areas for conservation; 3. Help build the capacity of the civil society groups to participate in species and site conservation, and education and awareness activities; 4. Promote the development of bird and site conservation projects and activities in China. The China Programme plays a leading role in promoting bird watching and conservation in mainland China. It has aided the development of bird watching societies, building their capacity in research and monitoring, and environmental education, as well as helping to raise the conservation awareness of the Chinese bird watchers and the public. When the China Programme was launched in 2005, there were about 10 Chinese bird watching and conservation societies, but now more than 30 of these groups have been established or are emerging. Timeline and milestones 1990s Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner) developed links with Chinese bird experts, leading to the joint publication of a Bibliography of Chinese Ornithology, establishment of a regional Crane Network and preparation and implementation of Species Action Plans for Black-faced Spoonbill and Great Bustard. The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society initiated its China Conservation Fund, which provides small grants to projects in mainland China Threatened Birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book published, including information compiled by experts from China Ornithological Society BirdLife/HKBWS China Programme launched, and supported for three years by the Darwin Initiative of the UK Government. Training workshops held to build the capacity of Chinese bird watching societies to play an active role in conservation. National China Bird Festivals held in 2006 and 2007 to raise awareness of birds and the environment China Coastal Waterbird Census launched, which conducts monthly monitoring at sites along the eastern coast of China Projects initiated for the conservation of the Critically Endangered Chinese Crested Tern and Blue-crowned Laughingthrush Directory of Important Bird Areas in China (Mainland): Key Sites for Conservation published, including information compiled by a team of Chinese experts Projects initiated for the conservation of the Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper, with support from Disney Friends for Change, and the Endangered Jankowski s Bunting Project launched to restore a breeding colony of Chinese Crested Tern, one of the rarest birds in China. What we do: Capacity Building The programme has helped to build the capacity of the Chinese bird watching societies by organizing a series of technical training workshops in areas such as bird surveys, site conservation activities, environmental education and public awareness, as well as organizational management. Enhancing Communication The programme has established a webpage, with an associated discussion forum which is regularly visited by many bird watchers to exchange information, and has also supported the establishment of a newsletter named China Bird Watch. Fig.1 Locations of established bird watching societies in mainland China between 2004 and 2012.

381 Promotion and Education In order to raise public awareness and generate interest in bird watching and bird conservation, the programme organised a China Bird Festival in 2006 and 2007, as part of BirdLife s World Bird Festival. The Chinese bird watching societies organised China Bird Festival events in Beijing, Liaoning, Henan, Jiangsu, Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Wuhan, Luzhou, Mianyang and Kunming, which attracted participation by at least 45,000 citizens each year. Publication - Directory of Important Bird Areas in China (Mainland): Key Sites for Conservation - Bird Conservation Project Management - a practical handbook - Methods for Bird Surveys - a practical handbook - Educating for BirdLife (Simplified Chinese version) - China Coastal Waterbird Census Reports: & The programme has also aided the organization of the China Coastal Waterbird Census, which was initiated by a group of keen bird watchers in September 2005, with the aim of understanding the distribution, migration and seasonal changes of waterbirds along the eastern coast of mainland China through monthly surveys. At present, waterbirds are regularly counted at 13 coastal intertidal wetlands every month in mainland China. Research and conservation of species Since 2008, the programme has initiated projects for the conservation of threatened species under BirdLife s Preventing Extinctions Programme, covering the Critically Endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush, Chinese Crested Tern and Spoon-billed Sandpiper, and the Endangered Jankowski s Bunting. Zheng Jiangping Chen Shuihua Chinese Crested Tern (CR) Zhu Lei Spoon-billed Sandpiper (CR) Rufous-backed Bunting (EN) Future plans The China Programme aims to continue and expand its capacity building, education and awareness, and species conservation activities. Plans for new activities include: - An increased focus on the conservation of the highly threatened intertidal wetlands along the coast of China - A citizen science programme to monitor forest and open country birds, with the aim of Keeping common birds common in China - A new initiative to help address the illegal hunting of wild birds in China Zhang Yingquen Blue-crowned Laughing thrush (CR) Contact information: China Programme Officer Address: The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong Telephone no.: (852) info@chinabirdnet.org Website:

382 The map reproduced with permission of The Director of Lands, Government of Hong Kong SAR. Licence No. 25/2016 Series HM200L/E

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