Chapter 01-4 TCP/IP Protocol Suite, VLANs, and VPNs WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 Figure 2-15
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network Circuit-Switching
Circuit-Switching Node
Def: Packet Switching 將資料切割成一段段封包 (packets) 再送收的交換技術 The use of packets Packet Switching Advantages Provides speed conversion Appears nonblocking Efficient utilization Disadvantages Complex routing and control Traffic congestion Delay - can be long and variable
Figure 24-2 TCP/IP and the OSI Model
Figure 24-3 IP Datagram Figure 24-5 Internet Classes
Figure 24-7 Class Ranges of Internet Addresses Figure 24-12 Masking
Figure 5-3 Addresses in a network with and without subnetting Figure 5-6 Example 2
Figure 5-7 Comparison of a default mask and a subnet mask ABC 公司組織圖 ( 各部門個人用 PC 需求數 ) 6 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 10 60 5 15 30 25 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 2
二樓 (2F): 品技部 開發部 公司機房資訊室 開發部 研發課 品技部 品管課 技術課 Figure 5-10 Variable-length subnetting
Subnet: 子網路,Internet 上主機所在的區域網路 ( 切割網路成一些較小網路 ) 網際網路 通訊傳輸媒介通訊傳輸媒介網際網路 Subnet Mask: 子網路遮罩, 用以決定本主機所在子網路的元件 子網路 II 網際網路 通訊傳輸媒介通訊傳輸媒介網際網路 子網路 I A
Gateway: 閘道器, 一種可以將兩種不同網路系統連結在一起的裝置或電腦 子網路 II C 網際網路 通訊傳輸媒介通訊傳輸媒介網際網路 子網路 I A --> B : 廣播 A --> C : 不同子網路透過閘道器 B A 203.7.64.123 ms1.ccjc.edu.tw DNS: 網域名稱伺服器 (Domain Name Server), 用來提供 IP 位址的查詢服務 子網路 II 網際網路 通訊傳輸媒介通訊傳輸媒介 C ms2.nctu.edu.tw 114.3.60.12 DNS 139.41.7.64 A 203.7.64.123 ms1.ccjc.edu.tw
網域名稱負責單位 www.twnic.org.tw 域名申請相關流程
域名收費標準
Figure 15-2 Client-server model Figure 15-3 Client-server relationship
Figure 15-5 Connectionless iterative server Figure 15-6 Connection-oriented concurrent server
Picture sources by Cisco Systems, Inc. Figure 24-15 UDP Datagram Format
Figure 11-3 Port numbers Figure 11-6 Socket addresses
Figure 24-16 TCP Segment Format Figure 12-28 Three-way handshaking
Figure 12-29 Four-way handshaking
Figure 24-14 Port Addresses Stop-and-Wait Flow Control Simplest form of Frame-Oriented Control Source may not send new frame until receiver acknowledges previous one Very inefficient, especially when a single message is broken into many small frames buffer size of receiver is limited if error, detected sooner and less data need be retransmitted
Error Correction Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) Stop-and-Wait ARQ
Figure 2-15 他人 LAN
Picture sources by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Windows Ping 工具程式參數
ipconfig 參數表 ipconfig 使用範例 C:\>ipconfig /all Ethernet adapter 區域連線 : Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : dhcp.vbird.org Description........... : Realtek RTL8139(A) PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter Physical Address......... : 00-41-95-31-43-B4 DHCP Enabled........... : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled.... : Yes IP Address............ : 192.168.1.98 Subnet Mask........... : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway......... : 192.168.1.254 DHCP Server........... : 192.168.1.2 DNS Servers........... : 167.95.1.1 149.165.11.21 Lease Obtained.......... : 2005 年 11 月 24 日 AM 11:32:54 Lease Expires.......... : 2005 年 11 月 27 日 AM 11:32:54 C:\> ipconfig /renew
Figure 25-23 HTTP Transaction Figure 25-27 URL
URL( 全球資源定址器 ) 格式 : 存取方法 :// 主機全名 : 埠號 / 路徑 / 檔名 example http://www.asia.edu.tw:80/ 教務處 /index.htm http://www.asia.edu.tw/ 教務處 /index.htm ftp://ftp.asia.edu.tw mailto:rjchen@dragon.asia.edu.tw gopher://gopher.edu.tw Figure 25-8 Remote Login
Figure 25-10 FTP ftp: the file transfer protocol user at host FTP user interface FTP client local file system file transfer FTP server remote file system transfer file to/from remote host client/server model client: side that initiates transfer (either to/from remote) server: remote host ftp: RFC 959 ftp server: port 21
ftp: separate control, data connections ftp client contacts ftp server at port 21, specifying TCP as transport protocol two parallel TCP connections opened: control: exchange commands, responses between client, server. out of band control data: file data to/from server ftp server maintains state : current directory, earlier th ti ti FTP client TCP control connection port 21 TCP data connection port 20 FTP server Figure 20-2 Opening the control connection McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Figure 20-3 Creating the data connection McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Winodws FTP Server 的設定 2 1 3
1
2
3
Windows IIS 安裝與使用
http://127.0.0.1 http://localhost http://163.23.249.201
1. 取消打勾 滑鼠右鍵 內容
http://127.0.0.1 http://localhost http://163.23.249.201 已不需要密碼驗證了
複製來或自做一個
http://127.0.0.1 http://localhost http://163.23.249.201 Figure 25-12 UAs and MTs
SMTP 運作架構 為了能適用於各種網路系統, 因此 SMTP 的運作程序很簡單 何謂 POP?
Figure 25-13 Relay MTAs Figure 25-16 The Entire E-mail System
Chapter 26 VLANs and VPNs Figure 26-1 A switch connecting three segments
Figure 26-2 A switch using VLAN software Figure 26-3 Two switches in a backbone using VLAN software
Figure 26-4 Private network Figure 26-5 Hybrid network
Figure 26-6 Virtual private networks Figure 26-7 VPN techniques
Figure 26-8 Authentication Figure 26-9 Encryption
Figure 30-4 Tunneling Figure 30-5 Addressing in a VPN