NH NO N 2H O 4 2 2 2 1 1 N2 + O2 === NO 2 2 /K 1000 1500 1811 2033 8.86 10 5 3.30 10 3 1.14 10 2 2.21 10 2 CaC2 N 2 CaCN 2C 1000 Na 2CO 34CN 2 2NaCN3CO /Pa NH / 1.01 5.05 1.01 3.03 6.06 10 6 10 6 10 7 10 7 10 7 / 400 3.85 15.27 25.12 47.00 65.20 500 1.21 5.66 10.61 26.94 42.15 1 500 (N2 3H 2 ) NH 3 3
2+ Ru(NH ) N [Ru(NH )5N ]Cl 3 6 2 3 2 2 N2H 4(aq) N 3 ( ) + + N H O NH (aq) 2 3 4 + + N 8H O (aq) === 2NH (aq) 8H O(l) 2 2 4 2
m m C H (n )O = nco 2 H O n m 2 2 2 4 O NO CO HC[ 2 x
) NH ( H ) NH 3 + 4 +
1-1 ( ) 20 21 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 235 NH 4 Cl 24 340 16 17 36 NH 4 HCO 3 60 NH 4 NO 3 34 35 169.6 16 17 NH 3 H 2 O Ca(NO 3 ) 2 KNO 3 17 561 14 ( 334 K39 ) 42 46 CO(NH 2 ) 2 132.7 + 2 NH SO NO 3 + NH 4 4 4
( )
+ 5 + 4 + 5 + 2 N N N N
/ 20 100 200 400 800 1.24 10 14 1.82 10 8 7.42 10 4 12.3 5.6 10 3 ( ) /100kPa / % NO /s 50 90 98 NO 9.92 1 30 12.4 248 2830 O 2 5.68 1 90 25.3 508 5760 8 30 0.19 3.88 36.4 8 90 0.59 7.86 74
K k 1 c[( NO) 2 ] = = k { c( NO)} 2 2 2 1 c[(no) ] = Kc(NO) = k 2 c(no) k 2 k1k3 2 2 k 1k 3 v = { c( NO)} c( O 2 ) = k { c( NO)} ( k = ) k 2 k 2 2LiNO 3 = Li 2O2NO2 1 O2 2 5 2MNO 3 = M2ON 2O 2 (M = NaK) 2 2Fe(NO 3) 2 = Fe 2O 34NO 2 1 O 2 2 2
(1) (2) (2) (3) (4) (1) ( (1) (1) ) (2) (2) ( (3) (2) )
1 v = ν B dc B / dt 1 1 3 v = ν dc / dt ( 1) ( 0.2 moldm / 2s) B B
Ea RT k = Ae
( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( )
K = {c(c)} p q { c( D)} m n { c( A)} { c( B)} 2 2 {c(so 3)} (0.9) K = 2 = 2 = 1620 {c(so )} c ( O ) ( 01. ) 005. 2 2 2 2 2 {c(so 3)} {c(so )} c(o ) = (20.9) (2 ) (2 ) = 4( 0. 9) 2 2 2 2 2 01. 005. 8( 01. ) 005. = 1 2 ( 0. 9) 2 1620 2 ( 01. ) 0. 05
v = k 12 c( A) = 2 v k 1c( A) v = k 2 2{ 2c( B)} 2 = 4 v k { c( B)} 2
+ 2. 3 1. 6 SCN = Fe(SCN) K 10 K 10 2 1 Fe 3+ 15 Fe(SCN) 2+ + 0. 5 Fe(SCN) 2 2
ϕ(so 2 ) / 2.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 ϕ(o 2 ) / 18.1 13.9 12.4 11.0 9.6 8.2 6.7 ϕso 2 / % 97.1 96.5 96.2 95.8 95.2 94.3 92.3 /K 400 500 600 700 800 900 970 1000 1523 136 28.1 9.3 4.2 2.3 1.0 0.98 n(co) n(h O) = 1 / 97.5 92.1 84.1 75.4 67.2 60.2 50.0 50 2
n( CO) H2O CO 500K n( H2O) =1 921 = 1. n( CO) CO 99 8 n( H2O) 6. (H 2 O)/(CO) CO / Fe 2 O 3 MgO Cr 2 O 3 K 2 O 3 5 80 90 CuO Zn Cr 2 O 3 6 10 96 99 ϕ(h ) / 2 94.3 82.6 75.0 66.7 58.8 50.0 35.0 ϕ(n 2 ) / 5.7 17.4 25.0 33.3 41.2 50.0 65.0 ϕ(nh 3 ) / 9.5 18.4 19.5 18.7 16.7 14.1 9.3 c(ch 3 COOH)/mol L 1 0.10 1.0 10 2 1.0 10 3 1.0 10 4 3.6 10 5 / 1.3 4.2 12.5 35 50 c(h + )/mol L 1 1.3 10 3 4.2 10 3 1.25 10 4 3.5 10 5 1.8 10 5
ln K 1 K = H ( T1 T 2) 2 RT1T2 /K HCl = 1 2 H 1 2 Cl 2 2 HBr = 1 2 H 1 2 Br 2 2 HI = 1 2 H 1 2 I (g) 2 2 298 K=2.1 10 17 K=3.8 10 10 K=4.2 10 2 400 2.8 10 13 6.9 10 8 7.1 10 2 600 3.0 10 9 1.2 10 1 800 3.3 10 7 1.6 10 1 1000 5.5 10 6 1.9 10 1 /K H O(g) = H 1 O 2 2 2 2 CO 2 = CO 1 O 2 2 NH = 1 3 2 N 2 3 H 2 2 400 K=5.8 10 33 K=3.9 10 33 K=1.6 10 2 600 2.3 10 19 8.6 10 21 23 800 5.1 10 14 1.3 10 14 3.3 10 2 1000 8.7 10 11 6.3 10 11 1.7 10 3
1 SO2 O 2 = SO3 2 / 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 650 SO 2 / 99.2 97.5 95.8 93.5 90.5 85.6 79.9 73.7
NaOH HCl CH 3 COONa
HF H F H F 1 mol / L HF F 1 2 2 3 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 HF 10 H F H F F = K ε Q Q 1 2 2 r
HgCl 2 CdI 2 / 276 388 / 302 713
K W / K W / 0 10 20 1.138 10 15 2.917 10 15 6.808 10 15 40 50 90 K W 2.917 10 14 5.470 10 14 3.802 10 13 25 1.009 10 14 100 5.495 10 13 GB 310193 ph
c = c V A A B V B
c = c V A A B V B
moll 1 /ml /mol /g H 2 SO 4 0.050 4.9 HCl 2000 0.20 NaOH 0.30 2.4 KOH 250 5.6
A BB = +YY+ZZ
2 2 + Cr2O7 H 2O ==== 2CrO 4 2H ( ) ( ) + 2 H Cr O 2 7 4 2 OH CrO
4Al3O 2Al O 2Al3S Al S 2 3 2 2 3 2Al 3H 2 SO 4 =Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 3H 2 2Al 6H=2Al 3+ 3H 2 2Al 2NaOH2H O=2NaAlO 3H 2Al 2OH 2H O = 2AlO 3H 2 2 2 2 2 2
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 /nm 0.095 0.065 0.051 0.041 0.034 0.029 0.027
c(alo ) c(oh ) = K = c(h + ) = K 2 c ( AlO2 ) a K = 63 + c( H ) c ( OH ) + c(nh ) c(oh ) = K = c(oh ) 2 4 5 = 18. 10 c(nh H O) 15 3 2 w c( AlO 2 ) c(alo 2 ) = 2 = 63 c( OH ) 16. 10 mol / Lc ( AlO ) 2 c(alo) = 157. 10 mol / L 2 m[al(oh) ] = c(alo ) V(AlO ) M[Al(OH) ] 3 2 2 3 2 = 157. 10 mol / L1 L78g / mol = 1. 2g 2
MnO 2+ + 2+ 3+ 5Fe 8H = Mn 5Fe 4H O 4 2 2+ + 3+ 3+ 2 7 Cr O 6Fe 14H = 2Cr 6Fe 7H2O 2+ Fe NO3 NO 2 2
(1) 2HgO 2HgO 2 2 3 2 (2) Fe O 3CO 2Fe3CO (3) 2Al O 4Al3O 2 3 2
2 CuSO SO ) 4 4
3-1 (25 ) ( / ) E /V Li + /Li Li + e Li 3.045 K + /K K + e K 2.924 Ca 2+ /Ca Ca 2+ 2e Ca 2.76 Na + /Na Na + e Na 2.710 9 Mg 2+ /Mg Mg 2+ 2e Mg 2.375 Al 3+ /Al Al 3+ 3e Al 1.706 Zn 2+ /Zn Zn 2+ 2e Zn 0.762 8 Fe 2+ /Fe Fe 2+ 2e Fe 0.409 Ni 2+ /Ni Ni 2+ 2e Ni 0.23 Sn 2+ /Sn Sn 2+ 2e Sn 0.136 4 Pb 2+ /Pb Pb 2+ 2e Pb 0.126 3 H + /H 2 2H + 2e H 2 0.00 Sn 4+ /Sn 2+ Sn 4+ 2e Sn 2+ 0.15 Cu 2+ /Cu Cu 2+ 2e Cu 0.340 2 O 2 /OH - 0.401 Cu + /Cu Cu + e Cu 0.522 I 2 /I I 2 2e 2I 0.535 O 2 / O 2 O 2 2H + 2e H 2 O 2 0.682 Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ Fe 3+ e Fe 2+ 0.770 Ag + /Ag Ag + e Ag 0.799 6 Br 2 /Br Br 2 2e 2Br 1.087 S O Cl 2 /Cl Cl 2 2e 2Cl 1.358 3 2 8 / SO 4 2.0(2.05) F 2 /F F 2 2e 2F 2.87
3 2 + ne - /V Li + /Li Zn 2+ /Zn H + /H 2 Cu 2+ /Cu F 2 / F
Zn 2e =Zn 2+ Zn Zn Cu 2H + 2e =H 2 H+
400
Cl 2Cl 2 CH 2Cl C4HCl 4 2
CnH2n+2 CH 2 ( ) ( ) CH 2
2 2
1 CH 4 1 9 1C 9 H 20 35 2 C 2 H 6 1 10 C 10 H 22 75 3 C 3 H 8 1 11 C 11 H 24 159 4 C 4 H 10 2 12 C 12 H 26 355 5 C 5 H 12 3 13 C 13 H 28 802 6 C 6 H 14 5 14 C 14 H 30 1858 7 C 7 H 16 9 16 C 16 H 34 10 359 8 C 8 H 18 18 20 C 20 H 42 366 319
CH CH OH 170 3 2 CH2CH 2 CH CH + H O CH CH OH 2 2 2 3 2 CH CH Br CH BrCH Br 2 2 2 2 2
p
+ + Br Br + Br
+ + CHCH2[Ag(NH ) ] AgCCAg 2NH 2NH 3 2 + + CHCH2[Cu(NH ) ] CuCCCu 2NH 2NH 3 2 + NH NH 3 4 1 1 sp s p sp 2 2 4 4 3 3
(HONO ) NO NO NO 2 2 2 2 HO SO H HSO SO H 3 3 3
+ (NO ) 2 + + 2 2 HO NO H ONO
HSO 4
CH42O2 CO 22H2O C H 5O 3CO 4H O 3 8 2 2 2
4 10 2 2 2 2C H 13O 8CO 10H O 3 6 2 2 2 2C H 9O 6CO 6H O 4 8 2 2 2 C H 6O 4CO 4H O
1 20
CH3CH2OHCuO CuCH3CHOH 2O
H2O H2O 6 10 5 n 12 22 11 6 12 6 2(C H O ) nc H O n2c H O
Ni 3CH4CO22H2O 4CO8H2
1 CH 2 = CH2O 2CH3CHO 2 1 2CuClO 22HCl2CuCl2H 2O 2 1 CH3CH2OHO 2 CH 3CHOH 2O 2 1 CH3CHOO2CH 3COOH 2
8 18 O
5 1 CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 C 3 H 7 COOC 2 H 5 C 3 H 7 COOC 4 H 9 C 3 H 7 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2
H + (C6H10O 5) n nh 2O nc 6H12O 6 150
C6H12O 6 CH2OH (CHOH) 4CHO
6 1 3.8 7.4 12.9 18.3 20.2 29.3 34.7
+ (1) (R SO 3Na ) 3
+ 2 2 2 2H O 2H O 1
2 C 12 H 22 O 11 (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n ()1 2 ( ) R R 1 R 2 R 3 1 1 3 2 2 3 4 3 5 4
7 1
7 2
7 3 7 4 7 5 - N-
NH + 4
HCl
7 2 A mol / L
3+ + Al 3NH3H 2O = Al(OH) 3 3NH 4 Al(OH) OH = AlO 2H O 3 2 2 2 4 4 2+ Ba SO = BaSO 4a *4 3b moll 3