2002 4 8 2002 9 3 60 4000 11 8 1
9 2002 2002 7 19 24 2002 30 11 8 19 24 11 1993 150 150 2
2002 8 25 28 52 43 7 4 6 20 70 1 2 21 3
2002 8 25 28 2002 9 6 9 50 2002 9 11 9 90 4
9 22 2002 9 11 18 13 5 5
7 1982 32 9 30 <> <>< > <> <> 6
Xu 1939183-234 1976281-283 197877-82 198816-22 Norman-MeiHashimoto AA 7
1 gal rool Karlgren (1957)[g ar] Li1971 [gar]rai1953 Pulleyblank (1962)[gal] Pulleyblank gal rool 1 gal rool 2 34 5 12 3 rool 1976 1978 2 1600-1100 jiangheshuichuan 20 ( 1980) 1 8
0 2 20 5 11 28 27 13 9 26 24 7 1 2 16 16 0 0 1 2 2 6 22 26 419 53 52 27 0 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 4 9 44 1 14 26 --- --- 12 20 211 21 9 10 50 14 21 14 71 8 10 9 49 6 18 7 30 5 23 54 --- --- 339 831 743 278 381 785 1029 307 506 1184 1086 371 504 357 365 126 1 jiang he shui chuan 3 he Xu 1963224 T8d8 1964581 2 2 58-147 Xu 1963248 9
Xu 196356 Hao 1982 5 2 18 53-18 Qian 198420 Ruan 1980 934 Zuo 1978447 2 he he 3 3 Fan 19653346 466-527 Wang 19843 he 4 he rool 13 E er&wuyun 1980rool 13 m ren Urshiun mren () the Urshiun River E er&wuyun 198050927 Kilkho mren ()& E er&wuyun 1980157951 1644-1911the Kilkho River Shin mren () the Indian River Amui mren ()the Amui River 206 24 ula E er&wuyun 19807321039 ula the Songhua Riverrool Ghorkhan E er&wuyun 198026920 Tnggelig ghorkhan ( ) Tnggelig Tana ghorkhan Tana Ke un ghorkhan () Eke ghorkhan ()the Son-Mother River 10
Altan ghorkhan ()the Gold River 13 rool Yu-Zhi 1708 ula ike rool ula E er 19826384 4 13 18 18 ula la ike rool 18 rool 13 ula ula the Black Dragon River sahali yan lathe Songhua River sungrari larool ula rool Meng 1955 Dao 1983172&176 Zhaona 1981a96&1021981b 96&102 Liu 1981111&118 Zhong 198293&100 Bu & Liu 198283&90 5 5 Language Mongolian T osou Tung-hsiang East yogor Dahur Pao-an Orochon Manchu Korean water river river ωs morō gol morō gol şdzu muroon raal gol usu dzian moron --- qusun mereen mereen gol ditch stream or gully gœ-ι os mur gol xwarəg su:sə dziang morung --- mu pir pirxan Pərxan mu la bira biran mul mul kang mul hats ən 5 cinε kεul 11
usu u müren morung rool dzian dziang kang river üla ula 14 rool rool morō müren he müren tan 19821991 197877-82 (the Hutuo River) 220-280(the Dadu River)(the Tibetan River)(the Bian River) 586-618[the Xindu River 206-220]the Wu River(the Yeyu River )[the Zouma River 475-221] (the Puyang River)(the Jiangnan River) 960-1279 (the Nalin River)(the Eerhun River)6 6 () (the Chu River) (the Amu River)(the Liao River)(the Yili River)(the Luan River) 1271-13687 7 12
2002 4 8 13 1600-1100 25-220 19652648 6 1 1976274-277281-283 - -9 9 - Language Form for River Vietnamese song Sedang krong Bahnar krong Katu karung Bru klong Gar rong Koho rong Laven dakhom Biat n hong Hre khroang Old Mon krung (Yakhontov,1960)(Pulleyblank,1962) 13
-r--l- (Li1971) krung9 krung klong krung Yan 1981:65,244-245 Zhou & Yan 1984:25 & 165 jiang mississippi wisconsin (Algonquin) jiang -(Mon-Khmer) jiang - jiang - jiang - jiang jiang 3 644-646 a. ( Guo 1961673) b. ( 276-339)( Fang 19741747) 5 mississippi Buddha 11a11b 14
a. 1021-1086( Wang 1975115) b. 768-824( Han 1991201) 2000 3000 tan 19821991 1100-771 1 15
Mao et al. 1982 Wang 1980a1980b - - (Maspero 1912)s-*cr- song krong 12 *cr- s- *cr- > s- *krong > song - krong song - song krong songkrong jiang jiang song krong s-*kr-*k-r- Bodman 1980; pan 1983 *kr *k-r- k- l-13 kr- > k- k-r- / > l- - s- *kr-*k-r-14 16
- zhong *krjung sung shu *grjug so - s- l- wang 1948: 460-587 Mineya 1972: 64-161 chi - syc lian- lien - sen l- -Bodman1980 l- *c-r- pan1980*k-r- s-*cr- lian jian Ruan 1980: 37915 jian lian *kren *k-ren lian kra16 jian kren --- lian k-ren kra song *krong Xu 1963: 224 T8d8 1964: 30617 Bi 1936: 28 Wang 1983: 21 Wu 1980: 373 Takada 1975: 369 (kochuhen) 17
Xu 1963: 163 Xu 1963: 109 Xu 1963: 152 Ruan 1980: 434 Xu 1963: 80 Ruan 1980: 399 *hrwjəd *khrjiən *khlig *kluk *klug *klwats *gluk *skljung *krung 20 Hao 1982: 8 2 10 [krung][skljung]20 jiang *krung *KR- K=k, kh, g; R=r, l jiang *krung krung stung krung krung krung krung krung krung krung 18
Dakhom n hong21 Bahnar krong Sedang krong Wa klong Katu karung Gar rong Koho rong La?ven dakhom Khmer stung Biat n hong - krung krung krung - krong klong rom Rom water rom 22 North Chuang 19 ram Bao-ding Loi nom Weng-ang Puyi ram Thai nam Liang 1980 Ouyang & Zheng 1980 Wei&Tan 1980 Yu 1980 Zhang 1980 Yan 1981 Zhou&Yan 1984rom klong rom krongrom krum rom sary rom klong rom klong krung - song - Sima 1959: 2967-2978 Sima 1959: 2979-2984 Ban 1962: 3837-3869
jiang jiang 420-589 Tan 1982199123 jiang jiang jiang 20
jiang krung jiang Xu 1939, 1941 huei nam ta kjiangklong khongjiang krung (the Mekong River) (Northern Chuang) (Loi)(Puyi)(Sui)(Kam)(Dai)(Mao-nan) (Mulao)(Kehlao)(Lakia)(Thai)(Lao) Wei&Tan 1980: 103; Ou&Zheng 1980: 109; Yu 1980: 85; Zhang 1980: 89; Liang 1980a: 89, 1980b: 95; Yu&Luo 1980: 110 ta nam (ta) (river) (nam)(river)(water) mə:ng huei huei xi ta Luo 1983 tuo tuo ta nam Ren 1954the Nam Ngum River nam (the Rock River) ngum (rock) (the Nam Ou River)(the Nam Theun River) (the Nam Khan River)(the Nam Lik River)(the Nam Tu River) (the Nam Tha River) (the Nam Laie River)(the Nam Ka River)(the Nam Thin River)(the Nam Houn River) nam Nam kham the Gold RiverNan pa ka Nan peng Nan wen long 21
Nan shang Nan ao nam Nam mun Paknampho Paknam pak paknam Qu 1700: 89 (Nan) (nan) () nam kjangklong khlong 1976: 280 khlong klong Kjangklong khong *kl-*kr- Li 1977 *kl- > kl, kj, tc, k *kr- > kr, kh, h, l nam maenam klong khong(the Maenam River) Maenam Chao Phraya maenam chao phraya the Chao-phraya River(the Mother River)Maenam Nan, Maenam Yon, Maenam Wang, Maenam Ping Maenam Datshin (the Nam River) (the Rong River)(the Wang River)(the Ping River)(the Datshin River) maenam river (the Mekong River) Maenam Khong the Khong River the Mekong River Maenam Khong the Menam Kong River kong khongmenam Kong River maenam maenam kong khong (river) kong khong (the Lancang 22
River) Tao 1973 jiang Xu 1939, 1941; Luo 1950 jiang yu jiang - jiang jiang jiang klung (Pan 1992 ) 1976-r--l- jiang klung -l- -r-(bodman 1980) yao yu tchuklung (the Yarlung Zangbo River) qu tchu tchu *tl- klung tchu *kl- Pan 1992jiang he jiang 1000 he jiang 1000 rool 1300 Norman-Mei 1976: 276 23
1000 3000 jiang he 1500 [ 220-420] jiang jiang (a) 574-648 (b) 1769-1841 (i)(ii) Ruan 1980: 1497-9 jiang he 266-581 Haung&Deng 1988: 396 1130-1200 Zhu 1958:1 69 li 1969: 118-127 69 69 44 25 25 44 20 24 jiang jiang 1400 X 5 5 24
X jiang *krong (jiang) jiang jiang 1100-221 206-24 265-420 618-907 960-1279 (i)(ii) jiang X X jiang jiang 1976: 281jiang 265-420jiang X jiang krong X krong 195059-62 63 X 40 X50 X 1630-1696 17 X Qu 1700: 89 nan jiang 25
XX a. X b. X c. X d. X e. X a. Mae Nam XMenam XMaeNam Songkhram Menam Khong b. Lam XNam XRom X Lam Se BaiNam Ngum Rom Sary c. Sông XSông Ma d. Sé XSé Pone e. Stœˇng XStœˇng Chinit f. Sungai XSungai Pahang g. Batang XBatang Kemena a. X ulasungrari ula b. X mrenkilkho mren c. X ghorkhantana ghorkhan jiang nan X X nan X Xenic jiang he jiang he jiang he 26
Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Volume 26, Number 1, January 1998. * William S.-Y. Wang ()Tsai-fa Cheng, Yafei Li, Shangfang Zhengzhang ()Rujie You ()Wuyun Pan () Christine Colby Matthew Splitek 1996/1997 Chiang Ching-Kuo 1997-1998 Song 1976: 2 ghorkhan Fan 1965: 2648 jiang Ruan 1980: 148-149 10a10b Swadesh 1952: 452-63 1976: 276 30 Wang 1980b: 454-565 29 Wang 1980a: 124-449 Bodman (1980) (1983)*kr-*k-r- gong gong gong gong [k/g/ŋ ŋ/g/k] k-g- ŋ- -ŋ-g -k (broad) (huge) (enlarge)karlgren: 1934; Wang: 1982c[g-g][k'-k] ju gong Ju gong[k-ng] 19711980Bodman19801983Baxter1992 27
jiang Shi: 1979; Wang: 1982a, 1982b; Chen: 1982; Li: 1984 ( Huang&Deng 1988: 40) nadu liu chuang-tong nata lu:k Xenic 28