( CIP ) /. :, 2005.7 ISBN 7-311-02607-5.........:. R39233 CI P ( 2005 )081695 222 : 8912613 : 730000 E-mail: press@onbook.com.cn http :/ / w ww.onbook.com.cn : 7871092 1/ 16 :6.5 2005 8 1 2005 8 1 :127 : 12000 ISBN7-311 - 02607-5/ R112 :10.00, : ( 0931) 8914298
,,,,,, 80, 2000,,,,,,,,, 15,, ;,,,,,,,, 2005 7 1
1 3 7 CD35 10 12 T CD2 15 NK 18 21 26 30 33 37 I 39 41 43 45 T CD4 + T CD8 + T 47 T 50 B 53 B (XTT ) 56 58 63 T 71 73 75 80 83 87 93 94 95 2
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4. 0. 5 1, 5. 2 0.5 6., 3724 37 1., 2.,,,, 3. 1,, + : + + + +,, ; + + +,,, ; + +,,; +,,; -,, 4.,,,,,,,,,, 5., ( + + ) ( 1 140 ), 140 ( 6 11280 ), 11280 ( ),,,, : ( ),,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,, 28
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,,,,, 1., 2.,, 3., 4.,,, 5. ( 7.2 ) 6., () 7. 1 %, 4 36
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,,,,,,,, 90%, 10 %,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 2.,, 0. 1% 2 3 3. 0. 5,,, 1. 0.1 % 2 3 2 2. 4 3. 0.2, 1 ( 1 ) 5 ( 5 ), 20, 0. 1% 2 3 680, 1 5 ( 1 5 ) 43
= ( 1-5 )/ ( 5-1 ) = / 1/ 3 1 44
, 3,,, 1. :, 0. 25 %,,,, 2. :,,,,, 100 1. :,, 1000 / 10, 110 6 / 2., : 100 100, 3730 ;, 2000 / 5, ( 110 8 / ) 50, 37 30 ; 100, 0. 25 % 50,,,, 3 3, 100, 3., : 100100, 37 30,,, ( 1 10 8 / ) 50, 3730 ;, 4., : 100, 3730, ( ),, 50,3730, 45
1., 2. 3., 4., 78 46
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: ( 210 6 / ) 0. 3 3 4 8 20 20 20, 3710 500 /, 5, 0.1 0. 8% 3 15 2,, 3 + 4 + 8 + 1.,, 3 3 2. 200, 3.,,, 3 + 60% 80%, 4 + 40% 60%, 8 + 1. 52.0 20 % 30 % ; 4 + / 8 + 1., 2., 3., 4., 20 %,,, 48
5.,,, 6., 500 /,, 7., 23,, 49
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, 1220, 1216, 68, 13,,,, 3 -, (3 - (4, 5-2 ) 2, 5 ) (),,, 1. :,, 2. : 40,, 2 1., 210 6 / 6, 3 ( 3 ), ( 10) 0.1, 3 51
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4. 1,, ( + + ),,,,, 55
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, 96, 2,,,, 1. :, 75% 10-1640,,, 120, - 4,, 1000 2000, 10,, 1640, 10002000, 10,, 1640 () 2. : 90%, 110 6 210 6 / 3. : 96, 100, 6, 3 10/, 3 ; 2, 37 5% 2 72 4. / 5028 5.,, 450500, 650 1. 2. 3. /,, 57
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3. :, 25 0,, 4 4. 4 3, 62
( ) 1975,,, (, ),,,,, ( ),, 1., : 110 7 / 0. 5, 1), 23 2), 3 3) 10, 4) 3, 2.,, ( ) 1), 550 /,, 0. 2 /, 63
3 2),,, 3 3),,,, 710,, 23 4), 50, 5) 3, ( ),, :, : ( ), 3 3,,, : 1., 610 / 2., 75%, 35,, 68,, 3. 10, 120056 4. 20% ( ) ( ), 110 5 / 96, 100 /, 372, 510 6 810 6,, 510 6 /, 110 6 /, (3 3 )110 5 /, 100 / ( ),, : 1 2/ 063 8. 653, 1640 10% 20%, 10 6 /, 110, 35 1620,,,, 36 8 - ( 8 ),, 95%, 64
( ) 3,,, :,,, 2, 210 8 ( ) 1. 2/ 0,10005,,,, 2 2., 2 3. 110 15, 50 1,1200, 8 4.,, 5., 6. : (1 )30 37 1 45% (, 4000), 5 % -, (2 ) 90, 120 (3 ) 37,, 2 1 2 3 4 5 10 7., 800, 6 8., 6 20% 1640,, 9. 96,, 96 10 10. 96, 100 /, 37 5% 2 ( ) ( ), 65
, 5,,,,,, ;,,, ( ) ( )( ) ( ) :,,,,,,, - ( ) ( ) 8 - ( 8 - ) 6 - ( 6 - ), ( - ) ( - ),,,,, : 24, ( 50, 1 50 20 % ), 200 /, 3 50 510-3 / 210-5 / 810-4 /,,, 66,
1/ 10,,,, 1. () 2. 3. () 4., ( ),,,,,,, ( ), 1. (1 ) ( ) (2 ), 110 3 50 3 / ( 3)130 6. 5, 20, 100 / 2 2.9 2. 9, 10,100 /, 1 2. 2 2. 2, 5, 100 /,, 0.5 (4 ) 45,, 200 / (5 )89,, : 2. 67
(1 ) : 20% ( )2 1640; 1% :,42; 0. 5% : 1 1% 1 20% 2 1640, 42 (2 )0.5% ( )15 9, (3 )100/, 500/ 5000/ (4 )1 0.5 % ( 42 ) 1 (5 ), 10,, 37 5 % 2 (6 )46, 710, 24 (7 ),, ( ), 110 6,,, 24,, :50%, 40 %,10% ( ), 0, 2 3, - 70 ; - 70,,,, : 1. : ( ), 68
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(4 ), 3. (1 ),,,, (2 ), (3 ),,, 4.,,, 70
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-,,,, 2. :,,, 1. 4 0.1 3 3 4 8 0. 1 ; 4 30, 45 2. 3, 1000 / 2, 2, 3., 0. 1 -, 30,45 4. 3,, 1000 / 2 5., 2, 0.5 6. 20, 1.,,,,,, 2., 3., 4., 72
(, ),, 20 80,,,,,,,, :, ( ), (, ), 10,,,, (, );,,,, ( - ),, ( ), 1. :, ( ) 2. : 37,,,,,, 1., 1, 73
10,, 37, 30 2.,,, 37, 4, 0.5, 1 3. 0. 5, 10, 37, 30 4., 0.5, 0.5, 510 5., 0.5, 2,, 6. : : 29 28 13.5 ; 73 32 17. 5 ; 52 ; 48 47 45 ; 86 70-70 ; 55 0-1 ; 38 16.5 15 7. :, ; - -, ; - 70 ; 0-1 / ;, 1., 1,,,,,, 2.,, 3.,, / 4., 0 5. 74
,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1. : -,, 3, 3 - ( 3, 3 - -, ),,,,,, 3 % 2 2,, 7.2, 0.05 -, 1.0 /, 6. 0 0. 01 /, 0. 2% 2. :, 60,,, 50,,,,,,, 1. :,, 95% 75
, 2. - : 3, 1000, 60,, ()0.5, 100,, 3/ 4,,,, 3. : 10 %,, 45, 3 60, 4. :, 12 95 %, 1 80% 1, 5. : ( ), 3% 2 2 10 3, 2 (), 92 98, 810, 10 (, ), 6. (- ) (1 )0. 5% 30, 100% 95% 70% 5, 3, 5 (2 ), 110 ( ), 10,,, 76 (3 )( ), 3, 5
(4 ), 1 3, 5 (5 ), (6 ): 410, 1% 35, 1 10 0. 5% 12 ) : 95% 2, 2 2, 2-2, 2, : 1. / : 2. : 3. :,, 4. :, 5. : 1. :,, 2. :,,,,, 3. :,, 4. :, 77
;,,, 5., 6.,, 7.,, ; ; ; 2 2 8., ; ; 9., 2 2 ; ; ; ;, 1.,, 4,,,,, 2. (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ),,,, (4 ),, (5 )0.01 /,, (6 ),,,,, 78
(7 ), 9, 6 150 1100 1150 120 + + + + ( + + ) + + ( - ) + ( - ) 140 + + ( - ) + ( - ) + ( - ) 160 + ( - ) + ( - ) + ( - ) :, 150 120,,, 150 1100 79
, : ( ), :,, - 2, ;, ( ),,, - 2/ - 2-2(- 2) - 2,, (, ) - 2, - 2, 133, 15, - 2,, 57 / 6, 1977, - 2-2, - 2 ( 3 - ( 4, 5 - - 2 - ) - 2, 5 - -, ), ( ),,, - 2, 3-80
1. : - 2 2. : 10% 1640, - 2,,, ( ),,, 3. : 96, 2,,, 1. - 4 10% 1640 2, 1000, 5, - 2 2. 110 5 210 5 / 3. 96 100 (110 4 210 4 / ) 4. - 2, 100, 3 5. 2 1824 6. 10 ( 5 / ), 374 7. 150, 150 ( ) ( 0. 04 / ) 8. 10, (570) 1.,,, - 15, 2. - 2, 3., - 2-2 ( - 2 ) ( - 2 ),,,, - 2-2,, (- 2 ),, 81
2,, 1. :,,,,,,, - 102 2, 2. :,, 37, 4, 2, 1. ( ) : 10,,, 24, 210 6, 10 % 1640 + ( 3 /, ),37 5% 2 72,, - 20 2. : 0.05 / 9. 6 ( 1 )5/,, 100/, 472 3. : 1% -,200 /, 372 4. : - 3, 11024, 100-102 2 ( - 2 ), 10 % 1640 37, 2, 5. : 2, 100372, 6. : 100, 3715 7. : 2% 50 8. : (410) 1., 2., 1% 3., 4. 5., - -, 82
( ),,, ( ), 1. :, 2. : 4% 2. 5%, ( 1 /,, 4) 3. :,,, 1., ()3 / 2. 2, ( ),, 3. ( ),,, 83
,, 3, 5, 4, 25 / ( ) - 10- - ( ) 1. : ( 10 ( ) 100,, 4), 0.01 / 6.8 2. :,,, 1., 110 7 / 2. 95, 5 3.,, 4. 4,,,,,, ( ), 1. 5%,,, 1. :,, ( 10 / ),,, 84
2. :, 1. 10 6,1000 / 5, 2. 4, 3., 5 ( ) 4. 0.51, 50,, 5. 1 (, 5000, 5 ) 6. 1/ 10 3 / 2.5, 7. 10, 10000, 5, 70% 1,, 500 8. 25, 37, 30 9. 1.5 %,,, (), -,,, (, ),, ( 1 ), 1,,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,, 1. : ( ), ( 1 / ), 70%, 0.01 / 7. 2 2. :, 85
( ) 1. (1 ), (2 )8001000 /, 5, 2 (3 )400 2 2. (1 ), (2 ) (3 ), 1020 ( 200/ ), 37,30, (4 ), (5 )200 2 ( ) : (1 ) 70%, 4 (2 ) (3 )200, 3730 (4 )800, 430 (5 )488, 1,,,,,, 86
1. :0.01 / 7.2 :10 / 8. 0-2 : 0.2 / 2 2. 1 / 10 / -, 8. 0 150 / 10 / 0. 4% () 10015, 3. ( )( 4) 100/ - 100 1. 0% 0. 9% 4. 0. 01 / 2 412 2 2. 58 2 42 2 0. 48 7. 50 1000 5. 1 / - 2 121 800 87
, 100 0. 1 / 0. 1 /, 0. 1 0. 1 0.1 ( 25) / ( ) (25) / ( ) ( 25) / ( ) 7. 2 89. 4 7. 8 69.0 8.4 34.4 7. 3 86. 8 7. 9 64.0 8.5 29.4 7. 4 84. 0 8. 0 58.4 8.6 24.8 7. 5 80. 6 8. 1 52.4 8.7 20.6 7. 6 77. 0 8. 2 45.8 8.8 17.0 7. 7 73. 2 8. 3 39.8 8.9 14.0 6. 0. 01 / 7.6 0. 01 / 7.6 : 0. 2 /, 2 4 2 27.6 ( 2 4 2 2 31.2 ),, 1000 : 0. 2 /, 2 47 2 53. 6 ( 2 412 2 71.6 2 42 2 35.6 ),, 1000 13 87 2000, 0.01 / 7.6, 0.85% 2000, 0. 01 / 7. 6 7. () 2 412 2 1.04 2 4 0.1 4.0 0.1 500 ) 8. - 4 ( -, - : 20.60 / 10 ; : 8.30 / 4 90 ;, 7.2 88
9. 4, 1000,, 1500 /, 10, 4 %, 1. 8% 1, 2%,, 10. 60 1 /, 0. 22, 5,, 11. 0.15 /, 0. 22, 0. 5,, 12. /, 37, 5 0. 10.2, 13. 2 4 2 4 3 8. 47 4. 11 1. 36 0. 1 20 1000 14. 3 4 1. 0 8. 3 37 1000 15. 25 % 3. 2 2. 0 89
100 16. 1640 88, ( 56 30 ) 10, / (2 ) 1, 3% 1, 5% 3 7.4 17. ( 4 )2 4 ( ) 400425, 50 80 500, 20, ( 15 / 4 ) 7.4, 18. 2 11. 5, 8, 50,, 20% 50 19. : : (1 ) 2.8, 8, 47 2 2, 26 2 2, 800 (2 )2.8 100 ( 1) (2 ), 1000, 2 ( 0. 01 % ), 4 : 2 412 2 3.04, 1.2, 20, 800, 0. 4% 1, 1000, 2, 4 : 1 + 1 + 18, 10 1015,4 7. 27.4 20., 21., 1 /,, 10 10 4 1 0.1 90
22.0.8 % (25% ) 0. 25, 9.5,3.5 % 0. 25, 28 1 23.20% 20, 80, 2 2 / 24.0.05 / - (1 ) 6.1 50, 1 / 37, 1000 (2 )0.05 / - ( ) : 100 0. 85 % 900 25.1.0 / 37 % () 9. 87, 100 26.0.2 % 365, 125, 1.0, 0.1, 8.8, 10.0 27. 6.0 0.01 / ( ) : (1 )0.1 / : 21.1 ( 6 8 72 ) 1000 (2) 0. 1 / : 29. 41 ( 6 15 3 72 2 ) 1000 : 9 (1 ) 41 (2 )450, 6.0 28. 6 0. 05 / - 7. 6 10 3% 2 2 5 29. = 7.2 0.01 / 5 /,, 91
30. 100 ( 37% )0.3 31. (1 ) : 2. 5 25.0 2. 5 1. 25 20.0 500. 0 (),,,,, 2,,,, (2 ): 0. 51.0 75 95 % 25 12,,, (3 ): 0. 5, 75 % 100 (4 ) :, (1 ),,, 4 (2 ), : ( ) 5 ( ) 5 100% 2 95% 1 80% 1 75% 1 2 (3 )5, 1 (4 ) 30 ( ) (5 )15 ( 50)5 (6 ) 2 (7 ),, : 95% ( ) 1 95% () 1 100% ( ) 1 100% () 1 ( 31 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (8 ) 92
1. (): () 1 (, ) = 10 3 = 1000 1 (, ) = 1000 1 (, ) = 1000 1 ( ;, ) = 10-3 = 1000 1 (, ) = 10-3 = 1000 1(, ) = 10-6 = 1000 1 (, ) = 10-4 = 1000 1 (, ) = 10-9 = 1000 1 (, ) = 10-12 1(, ) = 10-12 2. : / 1 / 2 4 1 1 2 4 3. : 100, %, : (1 ) / : 100 ( ) ; (2 ) / : 100 ( ) ; (3 ) / : 100 ( ) 4. : 1, 1 1,,, 11000 1000 1 5. :, 0. 012 6.0210 23 0. 012, 1 93
,,, : 1., 2., 3. 4., 5.,, 6.,, 7., 8.,,,, 9., 10.,,,, 94
[1 ],,.., 1996 [2 ].., 1999 [3 ].., 2002 [4 ].., 1999 [5 ].., 2003 [6 ],.., 2002, 18 (1 ) : 52-53 [7 ].., 1994 [8 ],,. 60.,1994, 6( 2) :40 [9 ],..,2002 [10],.., 2004 [11]..,2002 [12],.., 1994 [13]..,1997, 26 (2 ) : 124 [14]..,1982 [15],,,..,1995 95