编 著 黄 长 胜 冬 虫 夏 草 天 津 科 学 技 术 出 版 社
CIP ) /. :, 2005 ( ) ISBN 7-5308-3929-2.......... R282.71 CIP (2005 ) 027415 : : : : 35 300051 (022 )23332393 : ww w.tjkjcb s.co m.cn 787 960 1/ 32 6.25 93 000 2005 4 1 1 :00. 00
,,,,, :,,,, 7 8,,,,,,,,, ( ) 8,,, 8
, 17,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 20 70,,,, 90,,
( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( ) ( 4 ) ( ) ( 5 ) ( ) ( 9 ) ( 19) ( ) ( 19) ( ) ( 20) ( 22) ( ) ( 22) ( ) ( 22) ( ) ( 24) ( ) ( 24) ( 27) ( ) ( 27) ( ) ( 29) ( ) ( 37) ( 39) ( ) ( 39)
( ) ( 40) ( ) ( 41) ( ) ( 42) ( ) ( 43) ( 44) ( ) ( 44) ( ) ( 47) ( ) ( 49) ( 50) ( 53) ( ) ( 53) ( ) ( 54) ( ) ( 56) ( ) ( 56) ( ) ( 59) ( ) ( 59) ( ) ( 60) ( ) ( 60) ( ) ( 61) ( ) ( 61) ( ) ( 63) ( ) ( 64) ( ) ( 64) ( ) ( 65) ( 68) ( ) ( 68 )
( ) ( 75 ) ( ) ( 92 ) ( ) (101) ( ) (130) (137) ( ) (139) ( ) (146) ( ) (149) (178) ( ) (179) ( ) (180) ( ) (181) ( ), (183)
( ), ( )
, ( ) 8, 17,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,
:,,,,,,,?,,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,
,,, ( ),, Cordyceps sinensis ( BerK.) Sace.,,,,,,,
400,,,, ( ),,,,?,,,, ; ; ;, 1.
, 4 5 ( 5 7 ), ( 4 ), ( 4 5 ),,,,,,,,, 4,, 5 10,, 10, 5 6,,,,,,, 8 9 (5 6 ),,,,, 2. 3 000 4 500 3 000, 4 700, 4 500 5 000
3. 2 8, 32, - 36 4 7, 16 24 4 6, 5, 0.9, 20 ; 10, 0.4, 15 ; 15 0.2, 14. 5 ; 20, 0, 14. 2,, 4., 15 60, 15 25,,,, ( ), 50, 5.,
3 000 3 500, ;4 000 4 500, ; 4 500,,, ph 4 6,,,,,,,,,,,, 8% 20% 6. 550, 559 680, 949, 40 290, 5 10, 75%, 50% 90%, 15% 60%,, 3 000 4 500,,
,, 15 25,,,, ( ) 1., 30 300,,,, 1965, 1, 4 30,,
,,,, 3 000, 20,,, 11,,, 4 1 4 :, 3, 4,, 3.6 6 7 ; 2.6 3.5 4 6 ; 2.5
2 4,,,,,, - 6.2 15.3 : 0, 6, - 3, 5, - 6,, 1 3 > 4 5 > 6 8,,,,,,, 10,,, 10 ; 2 4 10 20, 30 50, 5
9 5 20 ; 25, 40%, 60% 10%,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 8, 60,,, 55, 1,, 10 15,,,,
4,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 35 40, 37,,, 3.6 4.5,,, 2 4, ;,,,, 2,,,, 2 4,, 25 28,
11:00 16: 00, 12: 00 1 100 800, 437,, 0.2 0.5, l 3, 3 5 20 22,, 2 3,, 2.,, 352 379 6,, 2 ( 7 8 ),,,,, :,,, ( ),,,
,,,,,,,, ( 1.5 2.5) (21.5 30),,,,,,,,, 4 8,,, 10 2 9,,,,,,,, 10,
,, 11 2,,, 3 4,,,, 4, 15,, 3, 5,,,,,, 10 20,,,,, 2 8 25, 40, 48,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,, 2.6% 16.1%, 4 5, 90% 4 5, 6, 3,, 2 (8 ) 6.5 9.2, (6 12 ), 40%,,,, 13,,,, 3. (1), : 20 25 ;10 20 ; 6 10 ;6 12 : 5 10
, (2), 40%, 50% 80% ;, 60% 70% ; 10% 20% ;, 80% 90% (3),, :, ;,, ;, ;,,,, ;, (4), (5)pH, ph 5 6.5,, ph 6 6.3,,,,,,
( ), 3 5, 0.3 0.8, 20 30, 8, 3, 4, 1, 4,,,,,,, 4 7, 0.3,,,,, ( ) :,, ( ),, 2 3,, 4 11, 1.5 4,,,, ; 1 4.5,
2.5 6, 1.5 5.5,,,, 1 3, 4,,,, 160 470, 5 6.5 ( ),,,,, 6 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,, ( a),, ( b ), ( c), ( d),
( ), :, :, :,, :, :,, ( ), :, :, ( ),,,,,, :, ;, ;, :,
: :, ; :,, : :,,, :,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
( ),,,,, ;,,, ;,, ;,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, ;,,,, ;,,, ( ),,, 3,,,,,,,,, 1 3, 2 3
,, 3,,,, 1, 1, 1,,,,,, ( 1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,
, ( ),, : 23.5% 35.8% 18 8, :
21.2% 25.8%, 41.7% 48.8% : : (3 - ) :,,,, 23.87% - 42.0%, D - D - 1 4.3,, = 10.3 3.6 1, :,, Al( ) Fe( ) Ca( ) Na( ) Zn ( ); K( ) Si( ) Mn( ) Sr ( ) Ba( ) Cu( ) Zr ( ) ; Ni( ) Nb ( ) Ce( ) Cs( ) As ( ) Be( ) Ga( ) B( ) Ti( ) Li ( ) Hg ( ) Pb( ) ; Y( ) Yb( ) Cd( ) Pt( ) Rb( ) Br( ) B1 : B12 2.6 4.4 / ; 401 635 / ; E 223 301 /
, C B2 K : 7.6% 9.1%, 11.1% 13.6% ; 80.2% 82.5%, 12, 14 - - 3-9 - 14 - - 9-11 -, -, 8.9% 11.3%, 16.2% 19.5%,,1, 3 - P ( ) 1. -,,,,,
,,, T T T,,,,,,,,,,, 2. Lewis,,, LAK,,
,,, 5,8 - - 24( R) - - 6, 22 - - 3 - D - 5, 6 - - 24( R) - - 7, 22 - - 3 - K562, Jurkat WM - 1341 HL - 60 RPMI - 8226 ( PSCS) U937 PSCS (10 / ) ( PSCS - MNC - CM) U937, 78% 83% PSCS - MNC - CM 50% ( NSE) CD11b CD14 CD68 IFN - TNF - IL - l MNC - CM, PSCS 3. :,, ( 1 1)
0.5 1 /,,,, G, ; :, 32 / 58 4 ( 107 6 49 3 ), 45, 150 /, 68.9 7.3%, 4.
,,,,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 6.
(3 / ),, 2 3, ( hcg),,,,,, 7.,, 8.,,
, N - - 9.,,,,, 10.,,,,,,,, 11. :,, 1 4 000 1 100 000
12.,, ( CFU - S),, Go S, -, ( SOD) ( LPO), (GSH - PX) SOD ( MAO - B) 13., 100 /, 14, 10 /, 3,,,
, 1.25 5 /,,, ( ) 1., 0.25, 3, 5, 3 8, TTT GFT 75%,, 2. 6, 2,30 1 18 44.4% 50%, 33.3% 38.9%, 50% 80% 3., 4 ( 250 ), 3, 30 16, 4, 12 4, 6, 6, 62. 5% :
, 4., 3, 6,, 4 1 43, 23, 17 ( 3, 14 ) : 26 ( ), 60.5% ; 14 ( ), 32.5%, 93%, 29, 23 ( 79.3% ), 30 27,,,
( ),, 3 4, 3 5, 10,,,,, ;,,,,, 4 7, 40, 20,,,,, ( ),,,
,,, 7 8,, ( ), ( ),,,, 3,, ( ) ;, ;,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 3,, ;,,,,,,,,,,
( ),, 1.,,,,,,,,, 2.,,, 3., 3 5, 0.3 0.5,,, 20 30 ; 8, 4, 3, 1 4., 1, 4 11, 1.5 4,,,,,
( ),,,, (30 ),, ( 80% ),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,
,,,,,,? ( ),,, 1. ( ),, 5 7 ;,,,, 2 5,,
;, 1 1.5, 1.5 5 ; 2.5 3, 2 3,,,, 2. ( ),, 3 5, 4 5,,,, 20 30 ; 3, 1, 4,,, ;,,,,, 2 3, 4 8,,,, 1 1.2, 3 6, ;, 2 4,,,,, ( ) ( ) 3. ( ) ( ), 3 6, 0.6 1,,
,,, ;,,,,, 10 30, 1 2,,, ;, ( ),,, 4. ( ), 2 4, 2 5 ;, 20 40, ;, 8, 4 ;,,, 1, 1 ;,,,, 5., 3 5, 5 6 ;,, 25 35 ; 8, 4,
,, 1 3,, 1 3 5,,,, 3 55, 15 40,, ;,,,,,,, 6.,, 5 7,, 12, 1,,,, 1, 2,, 1, 1 3,, 5 8, 0.3 0.4,,, ( ) 1.,,,,
2.,, 3.,,,, 4.,,, X, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
( ),,,, 1. 2 11,, 3 8, 0.3 1,,,,, 4 ( ), 2.,,,,,,,,
,,, 20 50 100,60 50 80, 90 5 15, 20 90 3 300,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, 400, 60,,,,,,,
( ) 10 000, 120 000, Martinf(1950),, Ainsworth(1971, 1973),,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ( ) 1. 4 10, 1 100 :,,,, :,, 2. 2 7, 610 :,
,,, 3. 1 950, 15 000 : 4. 900, 22 000 (1), ;, (2), ;,,,, ;, (3),, ;,, 5. 1 800, 26 000 300 (1) (2) (3)
(4) ( ) 1928, A. Fleming, ( Penicilliumnotatum), 10,, Selman A. Waksman 20 40,, 20 50, 1 000, 40, ( ), 3 000,, ( ) ( ),
, :,,,,, :, ;, ;, ;, ;,, 6,,, 1, 80%, 10%, 1%, ;,
,, 1 7 1 500, 20,, 10,,,, 20 60 1 900, ( ) 40, 2 000 :,,, ( ),,,
300,, ( ) ( ) 5 (1) (2), ( ) (3), (4) (5) ( ),,, 1985, 3 ( ) : : :
( ), 2 Lovastatin: ( Moascuspur pureuswent) :,, :,,,, Merch Lovastatin, 12.5 Lovastatin, Lovastatin :,,,5, Andrea Atierla Taxomyxes andreanae, ( ) 20, 10
, 8 000,,,,, 51 387,, 44 345 ; 7 28 ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( )
26.3%, 9.5% 1, 4%, 3 6,,,,,,, L, 70% 2 8, ; VB1 VC ;,,,,,,,
( ),, : : 7,,, 200, 30, : C5H8,,, : 12 - :, :,,,, LZ - 8 :,
( ) 5,, 10, ( ),,, ( ),, 400, 20 50,,
, 40 1900,, 50, 30, 6 ( 450 ) 10,,, : 1 20 60, : 60 90,, ( ), 20, 100, ;
711 ; ;, ; ( ), ;,, ;, ; ( ), 350, 60,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
( ) 1. 3, 10, 3, 3, 3, 3, 10 ;, 1,, 2, 2, 2,,,, 2, 3, 2. 10, 30,
100, 30, 100,, ;,, ;, 2,, 2 ; 2,,,,, 3, 1,,,,, 3. 15, 1,, ; ;,,,, 3, 5,,,,
,,,,, 3 5, 4. 15, 50, 30,, ; ;,,, 3, 5,,,,,,,, 3 5, 5.
3, 4, 18,, ;,, 2, 3,,,,,,, 81.1%, ( ),, 6. 5, 15, 15, 25, ;, 20, 2 ; 2,, 1, 2,,,,,,,
7. 10, 15, 12, 2, ;, 1, 2, 1, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8. 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 9, 15,,, ;,, 2 ; 2,,
1, 2,, 1 2,, ; 2 ; 1, X,,, 3,, 3, 9. 5, 10, 15, 30 4 30,, 20, 2, 2,, 2, 1, 15 1, 10. 10, 10, 10, 30, 30
,,, ;, 30,, 10, 2, 2, 3,, 2,,,,, 11. 5, 20, 20, 10, 6, 15, 15 7, 30,,, 2, 2, 1, 2,,,,,,,, 12.
10, 10, 1,, ;, ; 3,, 3, 0.5 1,,,,,,,,,, 96.7%,,,, ( ) 1. 5, 10, 6, 6, 15, 12, ; 5,, 2 ;
2, 1, 2 1, 2. 10, 50, 50, 50, 50, 30, 30, ; ;,,, 0.3, 3, 5,,,,,, 3. 3, 12, 10, 12, 12, 12, 18
, 12, 12, 30,, 1 ;, 20,, 30, ;, 2, 1, 2,,,,, 4. 15, 60, 60, 30, 60 ; ;,, 3, 10,,,,
,,,, 5. 3, 5, 10, 6, 15, 10, 10,,, ;,, 2, 1, 2,,,, 6. 3, 10, 10,, ;, ; 3
,, 3, 3,,,,, 7. 5, 5, 5, 15, 15, 20, 10 7, 30, 20, 2, 2 1, 2,,, 8. 6, 15, 15, 15, 10, 20, 10, 10, 6 9 30,, 20, 2, 2,
1, 2,,,, 9. 6, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 15, 20, 5 30, 30,, 20, 2,, 2, 1, 2 3,,, 10. 3, 10, 10, 6, 5 ;,, 2,
1, 2, 38 ( ), 81.6%,,, 11. 3, 6, 6, 15, 6 ;, 1,, 2, 2, 1, 2,,,,
12. 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 12, 30 ;,, 2, 1, 2 ( ),,,,, 13. 3, 10, 10, 10, 30, 5, 1 ;,, 2 ; 2 1, 2,,
,,,,, 14. 15, 10, 10, 10, 10, 5, 15,, 1,, 25, 2 ;, 1, 2,,,,,, 15. 5, 15, 30, 30, 20, 10, 15, 20,
30, 5 20, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2,,,,,, 16. 3, 12, 12, 30, 10, 20, 12, 12,, 30, 7 20, 2, 2 1, 2,,,,,
17. 5, 6, 20, 15, 10, 10, 6, 15 8, 30,, 20, 2, 2 1, 2, 18. 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, ;,, 2, 1,,, 1,
, 1, 3 19. 15, 30, 60, 60, 60, 45, 45,, ; ;,,, 3, 3, 20. 10, 60, 50, 50, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, ; ;,,, 3, 5, ;
( SOD),,,, 21. 3, 3, 3,, ;,, ;,, 15 1,, 45, 30,,,,,,, 22. 5, 30, 10,
20, 10, 10, 6, 1, 30 ;,, 2 1, 2, ;,,,, 23. 5, 20, 10, 10, 10, 15, 15, 10, 20, 30,, 30, 2, 2, 1, 2,,,,,
, 24. 10, 10, 30, 50, ;,,, 2, 1,,,,,,, 25. 6, 10, 10, 3, 10, 15, 10, 30, 6, 30, 7, 20, 2, 2,
1, 2, 2 1 1,, 26. 5, 30, 15, 30, 15, 20, 30, 10, 30, 15 10, 30, 20, 2, 2 1, 2,,, 27. 3, 15, 15, 15, 30 ;,, 30 ;, 2, 2
1,,,,, 28. 15, 15, 12,, 30,, 30, 2 1, 2,, 3,, 2, 2,, 29. 30, 60, 30,,,,,,
3, 3,,,,,,,,,, 30. 2, 5, 12, 12, 10 ;, ; 3, 1,,, 30 ;,, 2, 1, 2 ( ) 1. 5, 12, 12, 12, 20
5 30,, 20, 2, 2 1, 2,, 2. 5, 6, 6, 10, 10, 15, 10, 5, 5 9, 30, 20, 2, 2, 2, 2 1,,,, 3. 5, 10, 15, 10, 10, 10, 5
7,,, 30,, 20, 2, ( ), 2, 1,,, 2,,,, 4. 3, 3, 15, 12, 10, 12, 3,, 1 ;,,,,,, 2 1, 2,,,,,,,,,,
,, 5. 30, 250, 250, 60, 60, 60, 60, 30, 120, 120,, ;,, 1, 2, ;,,,, 1, 2,,, 6. 30, 60, 120, 120, 30,,,, 2,, 5,,
, 7. 3, 3, 10, 10, 30, 1 ;,, ;, ;,,, 1,,,,,,, 8. 15, 10, 100, 100, 250,, ; ;,, ;,,,
2, 3,,,,,, 9. 30,,, 20, 3,,,,, 17-17 - ( ) 20, 2,,, 10. 5, 15, 15, 15
;, 1,, 2, 2 1, 2, 2,,, 11. 3, 10, 10,, 1 ;, 30,, 20 ; 2, 1, 2,,, 12. 10, 50
,,,, 30, 2, 2,, 2, l,, 13. 5, 5,,,, 30, 2, 2, 1, 2 ;,,,, 14. 10, 10, 10,
,, 3,, 2,, 15. 10, 60,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,, 16. 10, 20, 20, 15
;,,, 2, 2 1, 2,, ( ) 1. 6, 50, 10, 12, 6,, ;, ;,, 2, 3,,,,,,, 2. 3, 15, 15
, 10, 10, 10, 10 ;, 1,, 2, 2, 1, 2,, 3. 15, 15, 60, 100, 15,,, 3, 5,,,,,,, 4. 30, 50, 50
, 500, 1,,, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,, 2, 1,,,,,, 5. 5, 5, 5, 10, 5, 30, 8, 15, ;, 20,, 20, 2, 2, 1, 2,
,,, 6. 3, 15, 20, 15, 15, 10,,, ;,, 2, 2, 1, 2,, 7. 3, 3, 5, 3, ;, 20, 2, 2, 1, 2
, 8. 3, 3, 150, 40, 10, 5, 10, 1, 10,,, ;,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,
,, 9. 15, 20, 45,,,, 5, 10,, 2, 10. 5, 5, 12, 12, 10, 5 6, 30, 20, 2, 2 1, 2,,, 11.
3, 10, 3, 10, ;,, 2, 2, 1, 2,,, ;, 12. 3, 10, 10, 5, 5, ;, 1, 2 1, 2,,, 13.
3, 10, 10, 10, 2, ;, 1,, 2, 2 1, 2,,, 14. 3, 10, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2,,
15. 3, 6, 6, 10, 10, 15, 3 ;, 1,, 2, 2, 1, 2, 16. 5, 20, 20, 15, 5, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2,,,
17. 15, 6, 12, 2 20 ;, 20, 2 ; 2 1, 2,,,,,,,,, 18. 3, 20, 15, 10, 10, 20, 10, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2,,
, 19. 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15, 5, ; ;, 1, 20,, 20,, 5, 2 ; 2,, 1, 2 2, 20. 15, 15, 12, 6, 10, 30, 1, ;, 1, ;, 2 1, 2
,,,,, 21. 15, 18, 15, 12, 15, 6, 15, 6, 6,, 1, 2, 2, 2,,,, 22. 15, 12, 30, 30, 15, 30, 30, 15, 12,,, 2, 2
1, 3,,,,, 23. 30, 30, 30, 30, 60, 30, 60, 300,, ; ;, 2, 30, 20,,,,,,,, 2, 3, 24. 15, 3, 3, 6, 10, 6, 10
;, 2, 20 ;, 1, 2, 1, 2 2,,,,, 25. 3, 10, 15, 10, 15, 10, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2, 1,,,, 26.
6, 30,, ; ;,,, 2, 3,, 30,,,, 4.5 6,, 2 6,,,,, 27. 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 6, 10 ;, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2,
,,,, 28. 12, 9, 12, 12, 12, 9, 12 ;, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2,,,,, 29. 3, 10, 30
;,, 2, 2 1, 2 30.,,, 2 3, 1 2, 31. 6, 15, 10, 10, 10, 10, 30, 10, 10, 15 10 30,, 20,, 2, 2 1, 2
,,, 32. 5, 15, 15, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 8, 30,, 20, 2, 2 1, 2,,, 33. 5,,,, 1, 2 1, 3, A,,,
,,,,,,,,, 0.33, 3, 4, 3, 2, 34. 30, 60, 60,, ;, ;,, 0.25 3, 4,,,,, T T T,,
, 35.,, 135 2, 75,,,,,, 3, 12, 10, 10, 3, 10, 15, 10, 15, 36. 3, 10, 15, 10, 10, ;, 1, ; 2, 2,, 1, 2
, 37. 30, 30, 30, 15, 15, ; ;,,, 3, 3,,,,,,,,, ;, 38. 5, 5, 5, 10, 5, 30, 8,
15, 1, 20 ;, 20, 2, 2 1, 2,,, 39. 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10,,,, 1, 2, 7, 1,,, 40. 5, 30, 10, 5
, 20,, 20, 2, 2, ;, ; 1, 2, 2 3,, 41. 30, 300,, ;, ;,, 3, 2,,,,,,,, 42. 3, 10, 30
, ;, ;, 2,, 20, 2 ; 2 1, 2,,,,,,,, 43. 3, 15, 15, 15, 5, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2, 44. 5, 10, 10, 10, 12, 12, 15, 15, 15, 2
, 30,,, 2, 2, ;,, 1, 2,, 45. 50, 100, 100, 100, 100, ; 4,,,, 6,, 2 3, 46. 3, 10, 10, 10, 12, 10, 6 7 30,, 20, 2, 2,
1, 2,,, 47. 3, 15, 10, 10, 10, 20, 10, 30, 6, 20, 2, 2, 1, 2,,, 48. 5, 15, 15, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 8 30,, 20, 2, 2, 1, 2
,, 49. 30, 60, 90,, ; ; 3, 3, 6,,,, 3 1 50. 10, 30, 60, 100, 120, 300, 100,, ; ;,,,
2, 5,,,,, 51. 3, 30, 30, 30, 30, 10, 18, 15, 10,,, ;, ;,, 2, 2 1, 2, ;,,,,, 52. 3, 10, 12, 12, 9, 3, 12, 12, 12
, 1,, 2, 2 1, 2,,,,, 53. 3, 12, 15, 12, 15, 15, 15, 12, 6, 1,, 2, 2 1, 2,,,, 54. 30, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 300
,,,, 2, 6,,,, 55. 5, 15, 15, 15, 15, 10, 1, ;,, 2, 1, 2,,,,,,, ( ) 1.
, 0.25 3, 2 3,,,,, 188, 74.4% 79.6%,, 50, 88.0%, 2.,, 0.25 3, 2,,,,,,,
,, 3.,, 0.33 3, 3,,,,,, 4.,, 0.25 3, 0.5 1.5,
19,,,,,,,,,, 5., 0.2 3, 5,,,,,,
6., 0.25 3, 2,,,,,,, 7.,, 0.1 3, 3 5,,,,, 3, 1,, 7, 3,, ( HBV - DNA), 96, 3 9, 51%, 90% 8.
, 0.3 2, 2,,,,,, 9. 3, 5,, 12 000,
95% ;, 92%,,,,, 10., 0.25 3, 2 4,, 3,,,,,,
:,,, 500,, 60,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,
,,,,, 1. 30, 15, 60, 10, 1 000, ; ;,, 7 2, 30,,,, 2. 6, 30, 30, 30, 15, 15, 30, 5 000, ; ;,,, 15, 2, 30
,,, 3. 30, 30, 60, 150, 30, 1 500, ;, ; 4, 15, 1, 30,, 4. 6, 6, 30, 1 000, 100, ;,,, 2, 25,,
5. 90, 20, 2 000, ; ;, 1 000,, 15 ;, 1 000, 15, ; 2 1, 20 30,,, 6. 30, 20, 1 500, ; ;,,, 10,
2, 25,,,, 7. 60, 100, 100, 100, 100, 1 500 5,,, 6, 10 15, 1 2,,,, 8. 30, 30, 1 000, ; ;,,, 7 2, 20,,
,,,,,,,, 9. 10, 30, 60, 60, 2 500 ;, ;,,,,, 2, 15,,,,,,, 3, 10. 30, 100, 100, 2 500, ;,
;,,, 15 2, 10,,,,,,, 11. 1, 10 20,,, 12. 2, 20 30 13.
2, 20 30,,, 14. 2 3, 20 30,,,,,,,, 15. 2, 15 20,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,
1. 2, 10, 3,, ; ;,, 1,,,,,,, 2. 3, 10, 10, 15, 5,, 1,,,,,, 3.
3, 10, 10, 15, 5,, 1,, 2, 2, 1,,,,,,,,, 4. 10,,, 6, 1 2 5. 5 10, 5, 10
2 3 6. 6, 6, 10, 5, 10 6 7, 20 30, 7. 5, 5, 10, 10, 20 10 20,, ( ),,,,,
,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,, 1 500,,, 8 10,,?,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, :, :,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,, 1. 3, 1, 10, 30, 10,,, ;,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,, 2. 5, 20, 10
, 15,, ;, 20, 2 ; 2,, 1, 2,,,,,,,,, 2,, 2, 10, 1 3. 6, 10, 50,,, ;, ;,,,,,,
,, 4. 50, 3, 9, 3, 50,, ;,,, 10 ;, ;,,,,, 1,, 5. 3, 100, 5, 10, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,
;,,, 1,,,, 6., 30, 30, 60, 12, 10, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 2,,,,,, ; ;, ;, ;,,, 7.
15, 1, 3,,,,, 3,, ;,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 8. 15, 10, 100, 30, 30, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,
, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 9. 3, 6,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
10. 15, 500, ;, 3, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 11. 30, 1 ( 750 ),,,,, ;, ; 3, 1, ( ), ;,,,,,, 3,
,,,, :,,, 3 5,,,,,,,,,, 12. 1 ( 1 ), 15, 30, 200, 50, 15,,,,,,,,, 2 ;, ;,,,, 3,
,,, 13. 5, 1, 3, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 14. 10, ( ) 1, ;,,, ;,,,
, 2,, 15. 1, 25, 30, 10, 25, 25, 30,,, ;,, ;, ;,,,,,, 3,,,,,, 16. 3, 1, 10
, 10, 10, 10, 30, ;,, ;, 1 ;, 2 ;,, 2,,,,,, 17. 3, 50, 1 ( 1 000 ), 30,,, 8 10 ;, 1, ;,,, 1,,,,, 1 2,,,,
,,, 18. 10, 2, 60, 50, 30, 15,,,,,, ;,,,, ;, ;,,,,, 1,,, ;,,, 2,,,,, ;,,,, 19. 1, 3, 30
, 30, 15 ;,,,,,, ;,,, 2,,,,, 20. 10, 100, 50, 100 ;, ;, ;,,,,,, 10,, 21.
10, 60, 1 ;, ;,, ;,,,,, :,,, 22. 15, 1 000, 30, 120, 30, 5 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,
, 23. 1 ( 500 ), 10, 20 4,, 3,,, ;,,, 2,,, 24. 1, 10, 10, 15, 15, 10, 10,,, ; ;,,, 2, 2,,,
,,,, 25. 5, 50, 500,,,,,,, 2 3,, 26. 3, 1, ;,,,, 2,,,,
,, 27. 200, 5, 20, 20, 10,, ; ;,,,,, 40,, 2,, 1, 3 6,,, 28. 10, 20, 20, 1,,,,, ;, 15,,,,,,
, 29. 10, ( ) 1, 250, 10, 4,, 1,,,, ;, ; ;,,,, 2,,,,,,, 30. 15, 1 ( 500 ),
,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,, 31. 3, 10, 100,, ; 4, ; ;,,,,,,,, 32.
10, 1 ( 500 ), 20, 4,, 3,,, ;,,, 2,,, 33. 20, 1 ( 1 000 ), 15,,, 8 10 ;, ;,,,, 1,,,, 1 2,,,
,, 34. 1, 6, 150,, ;,, ;,,,, 5, ;,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 35. 10, ( ) 1, 1 ( 750 ), 50,
, 1,,,, ;,, ;, ;,,, ;,, 2,,, ;, ; ;,,, 36. 50, 10, 10, 5, 500,, ; ;,,,, 2 3,,
,, 37. 3, 2, 15, 15, 10, ;,,,,,, ;,,,, 2,, 38. 9, 50, 9,,, 40,,
39. 10, 1, 10, 15, 15, 25, 1, ;,,, ;,,, 2 2,,, 40. 3, 10 ;, ;,, 1,, :,
,,,,, 41. 3, 100, ;,, ;,, 42. 3, 5, ;,,,,, 1,,,,,,
,, 43. 3, 6, 2, 100,, ;, ;,,,, 3 1,,,,
,,, 20 70, 10,,, : ( ), ( ),,,,
,, ( ),, ( ),, ( ) 4 : ; ; ( );,,, :, ; ; ; ; ;,, : ;,, ;
;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 4,,,, : ; ; ;,
, 2 ;,,,,,,,, ( ) :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,
,, 1951,,,, :,,,,,, 20 70,,,,, 20,,,,,
,,,,,, 22, 13,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,
:,,,,, :, ;,,