5 IEEE802 FDDI VLAN OSI 5.1 LAN LAN 20 70 20 90 LAN LAN Ethernet 10 Mbps Ethernet 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps 5.1.1 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps 10 000 Mbps 10 8 10 11 75
5.1.2 1 Star-Topology 5.1 Hub 5.2 5.1 5.2 76
2 Bus Topology 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 10 77
3 Ring Topology 5.5 5.5 4 Tree Topology 5.6 5.6 78
5 5.7 5.7 6 1 2 3 79
5.2 IEEE 802 1980 2 IEEE IEEE802 IEEE 802 5.2.1 IEEE 802 1985 IEEE IEEE 802 ANSI ISO 802 IEEE 802 IEEE 802.1 1997 IEEE 802.1G MAC 1998 MAC IEEE 802.1H 2.0 MAC 1997 IEEE 802.1Q 1998 IEEE 802.2 LLC 1998 IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD 1998 IEEE 802.3ab 1000Base-T 1999 IEEE 802.3ac VLAN 1998 IEEE 802.3ad Aggregation of Multiple Link Segments 2000 IEEE 802.3i 10Base-T IEEE 802.3u 100Base-T IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-X IEEE 802.3ae 10GBase-X IEEE 802.4 Token-Bus IEEE 802.5 Token-Ring 1997 IEEE 802.5t 100 Mbps 2000 IEEE 802.6 MAN 1994 1995 MAN DQDB IEEE 802.7 IEEE 802.8 FDDI IEEE 802.9 1996 IEEE 802.10 1998 IEEE 802.11 1999 IEEE 802.12 100VG-AnyLAN IEEE 802.14 CATV 1998 IEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network WPAN IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Standards 80
802.10 802.1 802.3 CSMA/CD MAC 802.4 Token Ring MAC 802.2 LLC 802.5 Token Bus MAC 802.6 MAN MAC 802.7 FDDI MAC 802.11 5.8 IEEE 802 5.8 802 5.8 IEEE 802 802.3 5.2.2 OSI 5.9 OSI OSI 3 IP IEEE 802 ISO/OSI LLC MAC AUI PS MAU PMA 5.9 IEEE 802 81
1 OSI 4 PMD PMA AUI PS 2 LLC Logical Link Control MAC Medium Access Control MAC MAC LLC MAC LLC LLC SAP Service Access Point IEEE 802 LLC MAC DSAP Destination Service Access Point SSAP Source Service Access Point LLC LLC LLC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC LLC LLC LLC LLC MAC OSI 5.3 82
3 5.3.1 1 2 3 5.3.2 3 CSMA/CD Token Ring Token Bus 1 CSMA/CD CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection CSMA/CD CSMA/CD 83
Backoff Time CSMA/CD 2 Token Ring Token Ring Token Passing Ring 01111111 01111110 84
3 3 Token Bus 5.3.3 Ethernet Xerox 1975 1980 Xerox DEC Intel IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 1 IEEE 802.3 5.10 IEEE 802.3 SFD 7 1 6 6 2 20 0 1500 4 5.10 IEEE 802.3 7 SFD 85
0 1518 64 4 CRC 2 MAC IEEE 802.3 MAC 6 IEEE 802.3 3 MAC IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD 802.3 4 4 10 Mbps 10Base-5 10Base-5 10Base-2 10Base-2 10Base-T 10Base-T 10 Mbps 10Base-F 10Base-F 10 Mbps 5 IEEE 802.3 5.11 CSMA/CD AUI 10Base-5 10Base-2 10Base-T 10Base-F 5.11 5 86
6 10Base-T 10Base-T 10 Mbps Base T Twisted-pair 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10Base-T 5.12 5.12 10BASE-T 10Base-T Hub Hub 100 m Hub 5-4-3-2-1 Hub 10Base-T 10Base-5 10Base-2 10Base-T Hub 10Base-T 10 Mbps 2 1 5.1 CSMA CD MAC IEEE 802.3 10Base-T 10Base-2 10Base-5 5.1 IEEE 802.3 10Base-5 10Base-2 10Base-T 10Base-F Mbps 10 10 10 10 m 500 185 100 2000 m 2.5 0.5 50 Ω 50 ΩUTP 87
5.3.4 1 1985 IBM IEEE 802.5 4 Mbps 16 Mbps STP/UTP STP 100 m UTP 45 m Token Ring Token Ring Token Ring 5.13 Token Ring Media Access Unit MAU 5.13 MAU Token Ring 88 5.13 4 8 12 16 RI Ring-In RO Ring-Out RI RO MSAU Multi-Station Access Units MAC MAC 2 Token
5.14 C C A A C C CSMA/CD A A D T B D B C C a b A A D B D B c C d 5.14 C 89
5.4 5.4.1 1 CSMA/CD 2 3 5.4.2 5.5 100 Mbps 5.5.1 100Base-T 10Base-T 1995 IEEE 802.3u 100 Mbps 10Base-T IEEE 802.3u MAC CSMA/CD IEEE 802.3 100 Mbps 90
1/2 20 Mbps 10 Mbps 4B/5B 1 5.15 IEEE 802.3u OSI 2 100Base-T 5.13 100Base-T 3 5.2 3 MAC 100 Mbps MAC Medium Independent Interface MII 3 LLC 802.2 100 Base T CSMA CD MII 100 Base-TX 100 Base-T4 100 Base-FX 2 5 UTP 1 STP 4 3 4 5 UTP 2 5.15 100Base-T 5.2 100Base-T 100Base-T4 3/4/5 UTP 4 100m 8B/6T 3 UTP 100Base-TX 100Base-FX 5 UTP/RJ-45 1 STP/DB-9 62.5µm /125µm ST SC 2 100m 4B/5B 2 2000m 4B/5B 1 100Base-TX 100Base-TX ANSI TP-PMD 100Base-TX ANSI TP-PMD 100Base-TX 91
5 1 100Base-TX MDI 5 5 8 RJ-45 MDI IBM STP DB-9 5 UTP 5 UTP 100Base-TX UTP MDI RJ-45 8 4 4 + RJ-45 [1 2] [3 6] MDI 5.3 100Base-TX UTP MDI 5.3 100Base-TX UTP MDI 1 + 2 3 + 4 5 6 7 8 1 STP 100Base-TX 150 Ω D ANSI TP-PMD DB-9 [1 6] [5 9] 5.4 100Base-TX STP MDI 5.4 100Base- TX 9 STP MDI 1 + 2 3 4 5 + 6 7 8 9 10 100Base-T MDI MDI 92
8 RJ-45 8 RJ-45 5.5 100Base-TX 100Base-TX EIA/TIA-568 MDI 100Base-TX DTE DTE 100 m 5.5 100Base-TX 5 UTP 1 STP 1 + + + + 2 3 + + 4 5 + + 6 7 8 9 N/A N/A 10 N/A N/A 2 100Base-FX 100Base-FX EMI 100Base-FX NIC 2 km 62.5/125 µm LED 820 nm 2 km 9/125 µm 1300 nm 3 100Base-T4 100Base-T4 100Base-T PHY 100Base-T4 3 4 100Base-T4 3 4 5 100Base-T4 4 100Base-T RJ-45 100Base-T4 4 3 4 93
+ 5.6 100Base-T4 UTP MDI 5.6 100Base-T4 UTP MDI 1 TX_D1 + 2 TX_D1 3 RX_D2 + 4 BI_D3 + 5 BI_D3 6 RX_D2 7 BI_D4 + 8 BI_D4 + 100Base-T4 MDI MDI 8 RJ-45 8 RJ-45 5.7 100Base-T4 5.7 100Base-T4 1 TX_D1 + 1 RX_D2 + 2 TX_D1 2 RX_D2 3 RX_D2 + 3 TX_D1 + 4 BI_D3 + 4 BI_D4 + 5 BI_D3 5 BI_D4 6 RX_D2 6 TX_D1 7 BI_D4 + 7 BI_D3 + 8 BI_D4 + 8 BI_D3 8B6T 8B6T 6T 6 8B6T 6T 3 100 Mbps 33.3 Mbps 33.3 6/8 25 MHz MII 100Base-T4 PHY PLL 3 5.16 100 Mbps 10Base-T IEEE 802.3 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 94
5.16 100Base-T 5.5.2 100 Mbps 1996 3 IEEE 802 IEEE 802.3z 1998 6 1000 Mbps 1Gbps 10 Mbps IEEE 802.3z IEEE 802.3ab 5.17 LLC LLC 802.2 MAC 802.3 CSMA/CD GMII IEEE 802.3ab IEEE 802.3z 1000 Base-CX 1000 Base-T 1000 Base-LX 1000 Base-SX 150ΩSTP 5 6 UTP 5.17 5.17 1000Base SX 1000Base-LX 95
Base-CX 1000 Base-T 4 1 1000 Base-SX 1000 Base-SX 62.5 µm 50 µm 850 nm 260 m 525 m 8B/10B 2 1000 Base-LX 1 1000 Base-LX 50 µm 62.5 µm 850 nm 550 m 8B/10B 2 1000 Base-LX 9 µm 1300 nm 1550 nm 8B/10B 3 1000 Base-CX 1000 Base-CX 150 Ω STP 25 m 1.25 Gbps 8B/10B 4 1000 Base-T 1000 Base-T 4 5 UTP 100 m 1 Gbps UTP MAC CSMA/CD CSMA/CD - 10 2 3 CSMA/CD SNMP 96
5.18 10 Mbps 5.18 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 2 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps Access Layer Core Layer Distribution Layer 1000 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 5.18 5.5.3 1999 IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gbps 2002 IEEE 802.3ae 10GE 1000 Base-X 1000 Base-T 97
1 PHY OSI 1 MAC MAC OSI 2 PHY PMD PCS PMD PCS 64B/66B 40 Gbps 100 Gbps 10 Gbps 40km QoS WAN/MAN LAN 4 40 Gbps 2 7 98 2 5.19 IEEE 802.3ae 1 IEEE 802.3ae PHY 10 Gbps LAN
LAN PHY SDH/SONET 9.58464 Gbps WAN WAN PHY WAN PHY SONET OC-192 WAN PHY OC-192 SONET/SDH SONET PHY 10GBase-S 850 nm 10GBase-L 1310 nm 10GBase-E 1550 nm 3 300 m 1 0km 40 km MAC MAC B XGMH XGMH XAUI XGMH 8B/10B 64B/66B 64B/66B SDH Framer WIS WDM 1310nm 850nm 1310nm 1550nm 850nm 1310nm 1550nm MMF/SMF MMF SMF MMF SMF 10GBase-LX4 10GBase-SR 10GBase-LR 10GBase-ER 10GBase-SW 10GBase-LW 10GBase-EW LAN-PHY WAN-PHY 5.19 IEEE 802.3ae MAC CSMA/CD CSMA/CD 802.3 10 Gbps 5 1550 nm LAN 1310 nm WWDM LAN 850 nm LAN 1550 nm WAN 1310 nm WAN 5.8 PMD PMA PMD PMD 99
5.8 10 Gbps 10GBase SR 805 nm LAN 50/125 µm 65 m 10GBase LR 1310 nm LAN 62.5/125 µm 300 m 10GBase ER 1550 nm LAN 50/125 µm 240 m 10GBase LW 1310 nm WAN 10 km 10GBase EW 1550 nm WAN 40km PMA PCS PMD PCS PMA PMA WIS PMA PCS ANSI SONET STS-192c ITU SDH VC-4-64c PCS GMII PMA PCS MAC PCS RS/MAC XGMII PMA PMA RS XGMII 10 Gbps XGMII PLS MAC/PLS XGMII 10 Gbps MAC XGMII MAC 2 IEEE 802.3ae 9/125 µm 50/125 µm 62.5/125 µm 3 10GBase-CX4 3 IEEE 802.3ae 802.3 IEEE 802.3ae CSMA/CD IEEE 802.3ae 100 3 1 5.20 10GE
S S S 10GE R 10GE(SMF) 40km R 10GE S (MMF) S S 5.20 10GE 10GE 5.21 R R 10GE S S GE trunk S S S S 5.21 10GE SDH DWDM 5.22 10GE S S S 10GE (SMF) S S 5.22 10GE 10GE 101
10GE 5.22 10GE CWDM WAN SDH DWDM 5.23 S S S 2 5.23 10GE 10GE GE 100 QoS RPR MPLS 10GE 10GE 5.6 5.6.1 100VG-AnyLAN IEEE 802.12 100VG-AnyLAN 100 bps 100VG VG Voice Grade 3 Any IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.5 100VG 95 MAC Demand Priority 100VG HP 100VG 100VG 100VG 4 2 102
100VG 100 Mbps 100VG HP 100Base-T 5.6.2 FDDI FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI IEEE IEEE 802.7 FDDI 100 Mbps FDDI 500 2 km FDDI 100 km 200 km FDDI 1 FDDI FDDI PMD FDDI FDDI SMF MMF FDDI 4 PMD MMF-PMD MMF ANSI PMD LED 850 nm 1300 nm 2 km SMF-PMD SMF 1300 nm 60 km MMF LCF-PMD TP-PMD FDDI 5 UTP 100 m FDDI SAS Single Attached Station SAS 500 FDDI 200 km 100 km PMD 4 FDDI MIC A DAC DAS B DAC DAS M SAS DAS DAC SAC S SAS SAC SAC SAS 103
2 FDDI MAC FDDI MAC IEEE 802.5 ETR IEEE 802.5 FDDI IEEE 802.5 3 FDDI FDDI ANSI FDDI 4 LAN FDDI Hub 4 FDDI 5.9 5.9 FDDI 100 Mbps 125 Mbps 500 2 km 40 100 km 200 km 4500 B 5 FDDI FDDI 4 FDDI FDDI 104
5.6.3 HIPPI HIPPI High-Performance Parallel Interface HIPPI ANSI HIPPI 800 Mbps 1600 Mbps 6.4 Gbps 5.6.4 HIPPI SCSI IBM IEEE 802 IP ATM 3 50 µm 62.5 µm 10 km 175 m 10 km 25 100 m 10 35 m STP 50 100 m 200 Mbps 100 Mbps 5.7 Wireless Local Area Network WLAN 5.7.1 Home RF IEEE 802.11 Home RF 1994 PDA IEEE802.11 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802 1997 IEEE IEEE 802.11 WLAN IEEE 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d IEEE 802.11e 802.11f 802.11g 802.11h 802.11i WLAN IEEE 802.11 MAC OSI IEEE 105
802.11 WLAN MAC IEEE 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11h 802.11e 802.11f 802.11i IEEE 802.11 3 IR RF 2.4 GHz FHSS DSSS IEEE 802.11 DSSS 3 1 1 µ 1 2 Mbps 106 2 DSSS DSSS 1 2 Mbps 3 FHSS GSM 50 /s FHSS 1 Mbps 22 79 DSSS FHSS IEEE 802.11 MAC Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidation CSMA/CA IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS RTS RTS CTS 5.7.2
PCI PCMCIA 5.24 USB 5.25 5.24 5.25 USB AP AP AP Ethernet AP AP AP AP 5.26 5.26 AP 3 Antenna Uni-directional Omni-directional 1km 107
5.7.3 WLAN 802 WLAN 802.3 WLAN 3 5.7.4 AP 1 Ad-Hoc 5 5.27 2 Infrastucture AP 5.28 AP 5.27 5.28 AP AP 11 Mbps IEEE 802.11b 1 Mbps 2 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 108
11 Mbps 4 54 Mbps IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11g 54 Mbps 48 Mbps 36 Mbps 24 Mbps 18 Mbps 12 Mbps 11 Mbps 9 Mbps 6 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 2 Mbps 1 Mbps 12 5.29 AP Internet 3 Internet 5.29 WLAN Internet WLAN DSL FTTX 5.8 5.8.1 109
ARP Virtual Local Area Network VLAN VLAN 1996 3 IEEE 802 IEEE 802.1q VLAN IEEE 802.1q VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN 5.30 VLAN 4 9 3 3 LAN1 A1 B1 C1 LAN2 A2 B2 C2 LAN3 A3 B3 C3 LAN1 A3 B3 C3 LAN2 A2 B2 C2 LAN3 A1 B1 C1 VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN2 5.30 VLAN 110
9 3 3 VLAN VLAN1 A1 A2 A3 VLAN2 B1 B2 B3 VLAN3 C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 B3 VLAN2 B1 B2 B3 A1 C1 B1 5.8.2 1988 IEEE 802.3ac 4 VLAN 5.31 4 VLAN 6 6 4 2 46 1500 4 802.3 FCS MAC Port Port 802.1Q 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CFI VID 2 2 5.31 VLAN 4 MAC VLAN 0x8100 0x0600 802.1q MAC 0x8100 4 VLAN 3 CFI Canonical Format Indicator 12 VID VLAN IEEE 801.1q 4 VLAN 4 1518 1522 5.8.3 VLAN 111
112 VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN 2 VLAN IEEE 802.1p VLAN VLAN 5.8.4 1 VLAN VLAN ID VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN 2 MAC VLAN VLAN MAC VLAN MAC
VLAN VLAN 3 VLAN 7 3 IP IPX VLAN VLAN IP 1 1 VLAN IP 2 2 VLAN IPX 1 3 VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN MAC VLAN 4 VLAN VLAN VLAN MAC IP 5.8.5 VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN 1 VLAN VLAN VALN VLAN VLAN VLAN 2 VLAN VLAN MAC IP VLAN VLAN MAC IP 113
MAC VLAN VLAN MAC VLAN VLAN MAC VLAN MAC VLAN MAC VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN 5.8.6 VLAN 1 VLAN VLAN 2 VLAN 3 3 Switching Routing 5.9 114 5.9.1 1 NOS Network Operation System CPU Windows2000/2003 TCP/IP NetBEUI DLC Telnet FTP E-mail
Windows 2000/2003 2 NOS PC 5.9.2 Windows Linux UNIX NetWare 1 Windows Windows Microsoft 1993 Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 3.1 Microsoft Windows Windows NT 3.5 Windows NT 4.0 Windows Server 2000 Windows Server 2003 Windows 1 Microsoft Windows NT 2000/2003 Windows NT UNIX 2 Windows NT Windows NT 3 Windows NT Windows Windows NT 115
4 Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Windows2000 2003 VLM Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Windows 2 UNIX UNIX SCO XENIX SNOS Berkeley BSD AT&T V UNIX UNIX 30 UNIX UNIX Mainframe UNIX 24 365 Scalability UNIX PC UNIX SMP MPP Cluster UNIX Internet TCP/IP UNIX TCP/IP UNIX UNIX Internet 70% UNIX NFS DCE IPX/SPX SLIP PPP UNIX UNIX Interoperability UNIX Oracle Informix Sybase Progress UNIX UNIX UNIX UNIX 116
WWW UNIX TCP/IP UNIX UNIX UNIX UNIX 3 Linux Linux Linux UNIX UNIX Linux 1992 Linus B.Torvolds Internet Internet PDA Linux Linux GPL General Public License Linux Red Hat Linux Slackware Debian Linux S.u.S.e Linux Linux Xteam Linux 4 NetWare Novell NetWare NetWare v6 Novell NetWare NetWare PC NetWare NetWare NetWare NetWare NetWare NetWare3.X SFT TTS NetWare NetWare4.1 NDS Net Directory Service 117
NetWare 1 2 CSMA/CD 3 IEEE 802.5 4 5 6 7 VLAN 8 9 NOS 10 Windows NT 11 NetWare 12 Windows Linux UNIX NetWare 4 118