1 / L A N WA N 1.1 1.1.1 2 0 60 70 IBM S N A X. 25 SNA 1974 I B M 3270 1-1 I B M S N A S N A S N A I B M / I B M Advanced Program-to-Program Communication, APPC A d v a n c e d P e e r-to-peer Networking, APPN IBM IBM 1-1 SNA I B M
2 C i s c o 1.1.2 (automatic repeat request, ARQ) (forward error correction, FEC) IBM P C P C P C L A N P C P 1-2 L A N 2 0 70 80 WA N D E C VA X D E C 1-2 LAN P C I B M L A N
1 3 1.1.3 60 70 7 0 S N A 70 1-3 [ I T U - T ] C C I T T ] [ I S O ] L A N WA N I n t e r n e t LAN LAN 1-3
4 C i s c o i n t e r n e t w o r k ( ) i n t e r n e t ( ) i n t r a n e t ( ) e x t r a n e t ( ) i n t e r n e t i n t e r n e t w o r k I n t e r n e t ( ) i n t r a n e t I n t e r n e t We b e x t r a n e t i n t r a n e t I n t e r n e t 1.1.4 / M T B F M T T R I n t e r n e t I P
1 5 1.2 1.2.1 ( L A N ) 1-4 L A N L A N AUI 1-4 LAN L A N 20 70 L A N 1-5 L A N
6 C i s c o 1-5 L A N L A N I P I P X L A N L A N L A N L A N L A N LAN L A N M A C L A N L A N
1 7 1.2.2 AT M L A N M A N WA N WA N M A N M A N IEEE 802.6 DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus 1985 Q P S X Queued Packet Synchoronous Exchange 1-6 Q P S X D Q D B h t t p :// w w w. a r c h. s u. e d u. a u / ~ n g _ m o / d q d b 1. h t m A 53- A A A B n B B B 53- B 1-6 IEEE-802.6 D Q D B WA N WA N T 1 1.544 Mbps WA N 1-7 AT M I n t e r n e t I S P Internet Service Provider e x t r a n e t e x t r a n e t I n t e r n e t
8 C i s c o T 1 / T 3 ( ) 1-7 WA N WA N WA N L A WA N WA N T D M WA N WA WA N WA N WA N WA N X. 25 WA N T 1 / E 1 / C S U / D S U Integrated Service Digital Network, ISDN / 1 TA / N T 1 Te l n e t X. 25 PA D WA N AT M
1 9 WA N Switched Multimegabit Data Service, SMDS 1. WA N WA 2. local exchange carrier, LEC long-distance interexchange carrier, LXC I n t e r n e t 3. DSL D S L Digital Subscriber Line T 1 D S L 16 K b p s 52 M b p s D S L 4. I S D N I S D N I S D 64 K b p s 128 K b p s I S D N 64 K b p s
10 C i s c o 5. X. 2 5 I n t e r n e t AT M / / WA N WA N AT M Q o S S M D S 6. I n t e r n e t 7. Internet I n t e r n e t I S P I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t (virtual private network, VPN) V P N I n t e r n e t 1.2.3 20 80 90 T C P / I P We b i n t r a n e t 1. D O S
1 11 Apple Macintosh U N I X 1-8 DOS NetWare IBM OS/2 DEC VAX UNIX 1-8 Internet Packet Exchange I P XT C P / I P Systems Network Architecture S N A Windows NT T C P / I P U N I X / M i c r o s o f t s Windows Open Service Architecture Windows W O S A W O S A O D B C Open Database Connectivity The Open Group s Distributed Computing Enviroment ( DCE) SQL Access Group (SAG) and the X/Open Group S Q L X / S Q L Structure Query Language Distributed Relationship Database Architecture D R D AS Q L I B M I B Object Management Group O M G
12 C i s c o 2. Common Object Request Broker Architecture C O R B A O M G Object Management Architecture O M A T C P / I P T C P / I 1994 We b We b We b We We b 1 9 9 5 We b I n t e r n e t We b I B M M a c i n t o s h P C U N I X We b We b We b We b We b We b We b J a v a A c t i v e X L A N
2 OSI O S I 2.1 O S I 2-1 1 Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 1 Layer 3 Layer 2 2 Layer 1 2-1 OSI 3 / L A N X. 25 I S D N 4
14 C i s c o 5 6 A S N. 1 Abstract Syntax Notation One A S N. 1 7 O S I 7 2.1.1 O S I 7 1 2 2-2 1 2 2-2 OSI
2 OSI 15 2-2 1 2 2.1.2 OSI / 2-3 01 0 2-3 / Transmission Control Protocol T C P Internet Protocol I P 1.
16 C i s c o T C P I P 2. X. 25 L A N T C P I n t e r n e t I P T C P I P T C I P T C WA N S V C switched vitual circuits AT M 2.1.3 OSI 2-4 1
2 OSI 17 ( S A P ) _ 1 _ 2 2 _ 2 _ 2 _ 3 _ 1 _ 4 _ 1 2 (N+1) 1 3 N 2-4 OSI N N - 1 1 2 2 2 ( S A P ) S A P S A ( S A P - I D ) S A P S A P I D S A P N S A S A T S A S A P P S A P 2.1.4 OSI n+1 n SAP O S I O S I O S I O S I O S I
18 C i s c o O S I (Government OSI Profile, GOSIP) I T (National Institute of Standards and Te c h n o l o g y, NIST) Government Centre for Information System 2.1.5 OSI O S I O S I O S O S I O S 7 7 O S I O S I X. 400 F TA M R D A X / O p e n T C P R D A O S I 1 ~ 4 O S I 2.2 O S I / I E E E 802 4 (Physical Layer Signaling, PLS) (Attachment Unit Interface, AUI) (Physical Medium Attachment, PMA) (Medium Dependent Interface, MDI) P L S A U I P M A M D I 10 B A S E 5 O S I 2 IEEE 802 L L C M A
2 OSI 19 2.2.1 L L C IEEE 802.2 L L C 2-5 L L C M A C L A N L L C L L I E E E M A C L L C H D L C L L C L L C M A C LLC MAC 2-5 L L C 2.2.2 L A N IEEE 802 2-6 L L C L A N M A C L L C M A C M A C L A N
20 C i s c o LLC MAC 2-6 MAC Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection, C S M A / C D Token bus Manufacturing Automation Protocol, MAP Token ring IEEE 802.5 Fiber Distributed Data Interface, FDDI Distributed Queue Dual Bus, DQDB D Q D B IEEE 802.6 M A N IEEE 802.12 1 0 0 V G - A n y L A N M A C L A N I E E E M A C L A N M A C L A N I P L A N L A N 2.3 O S I
2 OSI 21 T 1 X. 25 T C P / I P I P / / I P 2-7 R= L=LAN 2-7
22 C i s c o I n t e r n e t I P I P I n t e r n e t I P I n t e r n e t T C P / I P I n t e r n e t M A C I P 2.4 T C P / I P T C P 2-8 2-8
2 OSI 23 T C P 3 3 2.5 B S C Binary Synchronous Communication b i s y n c
24 C i s c o Network File System, NFS X X Windows SystemA p p l e Talk A p p l e Talk Session Protocol A S P Digital Network Architecture Session Control Protocol, D N A S C P 2.6 6 E B C D I C A S C I I 2.7 /
3 O S I O S I I P I O S I M A C I P I P T C P / I P A R P I P I P I I P Maximum Transmission Unit, MTU I P M T U M T U M T U M T U M T U 3.1
26 C i s c o L A N WA N 3.1.1 I P N I C I P O S I I P I 10. 1. 1. 1 10. 1. 1. 2 N I C 10. 1. 1. 2 N I 1. F D D I AT M I P 2. A R P I P T C P / I A R P I A R P A R I P I P A R P A R P I P L A N A R P A R A R P L A N 3. A R P A R P A R P A R P RFC 1027 M A C A R P L A N I P T C P / I P A R P A R P I M A C
3 27 4 I P R A R P R A R P I P R A R P WA N 3.1.2 LAN L A N E t h e r n e t I E E E 802. 3 Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet LAN L A N 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 E t h e r n e t 20 70 X e r o x Ethernet V1 D i g i t a l I n t e l X e r o x Ethernet (DIX) V2 I E E E IEEE 802.3 Ethernet LAN L A N C S M A / C D 3-1 Ethernet LAN C S M A / C D 3-1 A A D D M T U 64~1 516 Ethernet LAN
28 C i s c o IEEE 802.3 3-2 IEEE 802.3 3-2 Ethernet IEEE 802.3 10 B a s e 5 1 0 B a s e 2 10 B a s e F 3 U T P 5-4 - 3 5 4 3 3-1 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 G b p Gigabit Ethernet 3-1 1 0 B a s e 5 1 0 B a s e 2 1 0 B a s e T U T P 5 0 0 m 1 8 5 m 1 0 0 m 5-4 - 3 5-4 - 3 5-4 - 3 100 30 1 IEEE 802.8u 10 Mbps 10 1 0 0 B a s e T x 1 0 0 B a s e T 4 1 0 0 B a s e F x 10 Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.3z 10
3 29 Gigabit Ethernet ( 1000 B a s e S x ) ( 1000 B a s e L x ) U T P ( 1000 B a s e T ) Gigabit 100 B a s e T Gigabit Ethernet LAN 40 % 40 % 5 U T P 3 U P T 10 M b p s L A N 10 Mbps 10 M b p s Gigabit 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 3-2 10 Mbps 3-2 M b p s 2 0. 0 6 4 M P E G - 1 0. 6 0. 3 8 4 < 4 / / 100 Mbps 10 10/100 Mbps 100 M b p s Gigabit Gigabit 100 Mbps Gigabit
30 C i s c o Ethernet LAN I n t e r n e t S o H o 2. /IEEE 802.5 I B M IEEE802.5 LAN I B M 2 0 70 L A N 1 4 1 6 M b p s I E E E 100 M b p 3-3 D A B B D B C D D A 3-4 3-3 L A N ( l o b e ) 3-4
3 31 L A N L A L A N 8 L A N L A N 3. F D D I 20 80 L A N L A F D D I 100 M b p s F D D I dual attatchment station ring D A S A B 3-5 3-5 FDDI D A S D A D A S 3-6 F D D I
32 C i s c o F D D I 100 Mbps 100 Mbps F D D I F D D I 4. LAN 3-6 FDDI F D D I L A N AT M L A N 3-3 3-3 LAN F D D I C S M A / C D ( M b p s ) 10 / 100 / 1000 1 / 4 / 16 / 100 100 / 64 ~ 1516 32 ~ 15 K 32 ~ 4400 S o H o
3 33 F D D I F D D I I n t e r n e t I P / 3.1.3 WA N WA N A B WA N WA N L A N WA WA N L A L A N WA N WA N L A N 3-4 3-4 LAN WA N L A N WA N 4 1 0 1 6 1 0 0 1 5 5 9. 6 1 4. 4 2 8. 8 5 6 6 4 1 2 8 2 5 6 k b p s 6 2 2 M b p s 1 G b p s 5 1 2 k b p s 1. 5 2 4 5 1 5 5 6 2 2 M b p s WA N L A N 1. 64 k b p s 4 5 m b p s I P I P X P P P / D S U / C S U D S U / C S U WA N 2 X. 25 X. 25 2 0 70
34 C i s c o International Telecommunication Union, ITU I T U X. 25 X. 25 WA N X. 25 D T E D T E D T / PA D PA D D T E D C E D C E D C E D T E D C P S E P S E P S X. 25 X. 2 5 X. 25 A R P I P X. 25 X. 25 P V C P V C S V C S V C X. 25 O S I 3-7 3-7 X.25 O S I X. 25 I P RFC 1356 R F C X. 25 I P X. 25 X. 25 I P I P P D UP D U X. 25 P D U X. 25 M X. 25 P D U X. 25 RFC 1356 1 600 P D U RFC 877 I P 1 500
3 35 576 1 600 L A N WA N 1 500 I P X. 25 X. 25 X. 25 X. 2 I P X. 25 X. 2 X. 25 X. 2 X. 2 5 X. 25 X. 25 T C P / I P X. 25 X. 2 WA N T C P / I P T C P / I T C P / I P X. 25 X. 25 X.25 Transport Protocol, XTP T C P / I P X. 25 X. 25 3-8 3. I S D N I S D N B R I P R IB R I 2 64 kbps B 1 16 kbps D B H D L C 64 k b p s D X. 25 P R I T 1 E 1 T 23 64kbps B 64 kbps D E 1 30 64 kbps 64 - k b p s I S D N I S D N I S D N I S D N I S D N I S D N I S D N X. 25 X. 31 I T U X. 31 I S D N X. 25 ISDN BRI-D X. 25 X. 31 9 600bps X.25 D X.25 PVC S V C
36 C i s c o X.25 TCP X.25 X.25 4. 3-8 IP X. 25 1. 5 4 4 M b p s 2. 048 M b p s X. 25 D T E X. 25 U N I N N 3-9 D L C I D L C I L A N M A C D L C I
3 37 D L C I D L C I 8 8 D L C I P V C P V C D L C I P V C B A 3-9 S V C P V C S V C S V C P V C T C P / I P A R P 1 3-10 Forward Explicit Congestion Notification, FECN 1 Backward Explicit Congestion Notification, BECN 1
38 C i s c o Discard Eligibility, DE 1 D E D T E D E B F 3-10 F E C N / B E C N D E D E 2 P V C S V C D T E Committed Information Rate, CIR C I R C I R D T E C I R Burst Committed B C B C Burst Exceeded B E B E B C
3 39 C I R B E C I R B E Local Management Interface, LMI L M I P V C S V C L M I L M I A R P R I P 3 I P RFC 2427 R F C RFC 1490 S N A P I D Network Level Protocol ID, NLPID S V C B P D U N L P I D I S O I T U I P C L N P I E E E IEEE Subnetwork Access Protocol, SNAP I P I N L P I D I P S N A P I P I I P O x C C N L P I D S N A P 48 X. 25 I P N L P I D S N A P RFC 1490 P V C B R S 4 M T U Q. 922 exchange identification, X I D X I D ( I ) D L C Q. 922 1600 8 D T E 5 A R P
40 C i s c o P V C S N A P - A R P A R P D L C I A R P I P I P D L C I A R P I D L C D L C A R P D L C A R P I D L C I D L C I P P V C I P I P A R P D L C I P D L C I D L C I 6 I P I P P V C OSPF Open Shortest Path First, O S P F O S P F n o n - b r o a d c a s t multiaccess, NBMA O S P F O S P F I P 3-11 hub and spoke P V C O S P F C i s c o O S P F I P P V C 7 S V C I P S V C S V C I P D L C I
3 41 3-11 P V C S V C 3-12 B 123 A 3-12 S V C
42 C i s c o S V C I P R I P S O P F B G P - 4 5. I P S L I P T C PA / I P I P S L I P S L I P S L I P I P S L I I P I P S L I P T C P I P T E L N E T S L I P Van Jacobson S L I P 6. P P P I n t e r n e t S L I P P P P P P S T D 51 RFC 1661 RFC 1662 P P P Link Control Protocol, LCP Network Control Protocol, NCP P P P P P P H D L C P P P P P P L C P P P P P P L C P N C P 3 I P I P X D E C n e t Banyan VINES A P P N / H P R 3 I P I P IP Control Protocol, I P C PN C P N C
3 43 1 P P P P P P Password Authentication Protocol, PA P PA P RFC 1334 I D / Challenge/Handshake Authentication Protocol, CHAP C H A P RFC 1994 Microsoft PPP CHAP M S - C H A P M i c r o s o f t - C H A P Wi n d o w s Shiva Password Authentication Protocol S PA P S PA P S h i v a L C P C H A P 2 P P P N C AppleTalk AT C P Banyan VINES B V C P B C P N B C P N B F C P DECnet D N C P IP I P C IPv6 I P v 6 C P IPX I P X C P OSI O S I C P APPN HPRCP APPN APPN ISRCP I P C P RFC 1332 Van Jacobson I P I P I I P I P I P P P I P C P 3 P P P P P P M P P P P P P
44 C i s c o P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P M Nways 221x P P P Bandwidth Allocation Protocol, BAP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol, BACP P P P P P P Bandwidth on Demand, BOD P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P B A P B A C P P P P P P P M P B O D M P P P P P P P Nways 221x P P P 2 3.1.4 AT M 25 1 00 1 55 6 22 M b p s 2. 4 G b p s L A N WA N L A N WA L A N AT M L A N AT M 53 AT M Quality of Service, QoSAT M L A N V L A N AT M L A N L A N I P AT M
3 45 1. I P I P L A N I P C I PRFC 1577 AT M I P I P AT M A R P I P I P A R P I A R RFC 1577 I P I logical IP subnet, L I S L I S A R P L I S I AT M L I S A R P I AT M AT M A R P A R P A R P A R P A R P C I P A R AT M C P A R P AT M Locally Administered Address, LSA A R P End System Identifier, ESI A R P R F C RFC 1577+ L I S A R P A R 1 IP(CIP OVER PVC) C I P CIP over PVC ATM WA N AT M 50 G b p s ~ 100 G b p s S V C CIP over P V C I P AT M Vi r t u a l Path Identifier, VPI Virtual Channel Identifier, VCI AT M CIP over PVC CIP over PVC AT M P V C P V C 2 C I P C I P AT M AT M 25 1 55 622 M b p s 2. 4 G b p C I P AT M L A N L A N L A N E C I P AT M V C
46 C i s c o A R P L A N E C I P CIP over PVC P V 2. LAN C I P AT M I P L A N L A N E AT M L A N E AT M L A N A M T L A N E C I P L A N LAN Emulation Configuration Server, LECS L E C S E L A N L E C L E C S L A N LAN Emulation Server, LES L E S C I P A R P L A N AT M B U S B U S Lan L E C L E C L A N E L A N E C I P LANE L A N E D H C P I P C I P L A N E C I P Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) 3-5 AT M L A N 3-5 AT M L A N L A N C I P L A N E 4 / 16 / 100 / 1000 25 / 155 / 622 25 / 155 / 622 B U S Q o S I P / / / / P C L A N A R P AT M ELAN LECS LES/BUS ELAN ( < 2 %) ( > 10 %) ( > 10 %) AT M L A N WA N L A N WA L A N WA I S D N
3 47 L A N WA N AT M 3.2 I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e t O S I 3.2.1 3-13 O S I
48 C i s c o O S I 3-13 10 Mbps 10 M b p s 3.2.2 O S I 3-14 3-14 O S I 3 254
3 49 L A N M A C L A N M A C L A N L A N Source route transparent, SRT S S RT S RT L A N S RT L A N Source routing-transparent bridge, SR-TB S RT L A N S R - T B 3.2.3 O S I 3 3-15 I P I
50 C i s c o I P I P I P C P U F T P T E L N E T 3-15 O S I L A N I S D 3-6 T C P / I P data-link switching, DLsW
3 51 3-6 O S I M A C M A C T C P O S P F 3.2.4 O S I C R C 3-16 1. L A N L A N V L A NV L A N V L A N V L A N I P I P X V L A N P V L A N I P D H C I V L A N V L A 2 V L A N T C P / I P 3 2
52 C i s c o
3 53 V L A N V L A N V L A N V L A N 2 3 Switched Virtual Networking, SVNz I B M 3.2.5 LAN L A N L A N L A N 2 10 M b p s 20 M b p s V L A N /IEEE 802.1Q V L A N V L A N V L A IEEE 802.1Q VA L N / I G M P I G M 1. L A N L A 3 L A N L A N A M T 2. AT M AT M L A N WA N AT M
54 C i s c o ATM LAN ATM LAN 25 Mbps AT M U T P 155 Mbps A M T AT M AT M AT AT M L A N AT M AT M 155 M p b s 622 M b p AMT WA N ATM WA N I S D N A M T V L A N L A N L A N 500 10 L A N Q o S Q o S 801. D S N M P We b We b 5 6 0 G b p s
3 55 3 Gbps 10 3 Gbps 33 3 + 10 3 2 66 G b p s 6 G b p s 3.3 AT M L A N AT M AT M WA N AT M AT M X C A D / C A M WA N AT M 53 5 P C L A N AT M ATM NIC ATM NIC L E S B U S L E C S V C V C C AT M L A N L A N AT M L A N AT M P N N I V L A N L A N AT M L A N AT M 3.4
56 C i s c o 3.4.1 L A N 2 000 L A N L A N 3.4.2 L A N 3.4.3 A B C D 3.4.4 k b p s 1. 5 M b p s 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 70 % 3.4.8
3 57 3.4.9
4 Cisco 4.1 C i s c o C i s c o 4.1.1 A S C I I P C 4-1 4-1 V T Y T E L N E T T F T P T F T
4 Cisco 59 T F T P U N I X P C T F T P C i s c o Wo r k s HP OpenVi e w 4-2 R A M / D R A M / R A M / D R A M R A M N V R A M N V R A M Flash Memory C i s c o I O S Cisco IOS R O M R O M C i s c o 2500 Cisco 4000 Cisco 4500 R O M Cicso IOS Cisco 7000 Cisco 7500 R O M Cisco IOS R O M C P U I n t e r f a c e B R I AT M F D D I S N A C I P B R I AT M F D D I S N A H S S I High-Speed Serial Interface F E I P M I P Cisco IOS 4-2 4.1.2 R O M Cisco IOS Cisco IOS T F T P R O M Cisco IOS Cisco IOS
60 C i s c o I O S 13 R O M R O M N V R A M N V R A M 4-3 Cisco IOS E X E C ( ) E X E C E X E C E X E E X E C ( o n e _ t i m e ) s h o w c l e a r s h o w c l e a r E X E C 4-3
4 Cisco 61 R O M R O M 1. E X E C Cisco IOS E X E C E X E C E X E C E X E C E X E C > R o u t e r > s e t u p R o u t e r h o s t n a m e 2. E X E C c o n f i g u r e c o n f i g u r e E X E C d e b u g E X E C h o s t n a m e R o u t e r R o u t e r # E X E C Router> e n a b l e P a s s w o r d : R o u t e r # 3. E X E C Cisco IOS Router# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R o u t e r ( c o n f i g ) # 4. F D D I
62 C i s c o i n t e r f a c e i n t e r f a c e R o u t e r ( c o n f i g - i f )# Router(config)# interface serial 0 <CR> R o u t e r ( c o n f i g - i f ) # e x i t E X E C e n d C t r l - Z 5. A R PA Advanced Research Projects Agency I P X Internetwork Packet exchange S N A P Subnetwork Access P r o t o c o l I P X 2 2. 1 2 1 R o u t e r ( c o n f i g - s u b i f ) # Router(config)# interface serial 2 R o u t e r ( c o n f i g - i f )# encapsulation frame-relay Router(config-if)# interface serial 2.1 R o u t e r ( c o n f i g - s u b i f ) # e x i t E X E C C t r l - Z 6. ROM R O M 60 reload EXEC B r e a k R O M copy running-config starrup-config r e l o a d > > E X E C c o n t i n u e i i b 7. 17
4 Cisco 63 w w w. c i s c o. c o m 4.2 C i c s o Cisco IOS C i s c o Cisco IOS Cisco C i s c o Cisco IOS C i c s o 4.2.1 C i s c o K E N T 0 Kent con0 is now available Press RETURN to get started. R e t u r n E n t e r R e t u r n I O S I O S R e t u r n I O S C a p s - L o c k Press RETURN to get started. User Access Verification P a s s w o r d : 30 3 Press RETURN to get started. User Access Verification P a s s w o r d : %Password: timeout expired! P a s s w o r d : Press Return to get start R e t u r n User Access Verification P a s s w o r d : %Password: timeout expired! P a s s w o r d : P a s s w o r d : %Bad passwords
64 C i s c o I O S I O S I O S E x i t L o g o u t Q u i t I O S I O 10 I O S I O S 1 4.2.2 1. E X E C ( Cisco IOS ) Router>? Exec commands: < 1-99 > Session number to resume c o n n e c t d i s c o n n e c t e n a b l e e x i t h e l p l a t l o c k l o g i n l o g o u t Open a terminal connection Disconnect an existing telnet session Turn on privileged commands Exit from the EXEC Description of the interactive help system Open a lat connection Lock the terminal Log in as a particular user Exit from the EXEC menu Start a menu-based user interface mbranch Trace multicast route for branch of tree -- more -- M o r e R e t u r n 2. E X E C E X E C Router#? Exec commands: < 1-9 9 > Session number to resume a c c e s s - e n a b l e a c c e s s - t e m p l a t e b f e c l e a r Create a temporary Access-List entry Create a temporary Access-List entry For manual emergency modes setting Reset functions
4 Cisco 65 c l o c k c o n f i g u r e c o n n e c t copy d e b u g d i s a b l e d i s c o n n e c t e n a b l e e r a s e e x i t h e l p l a t l o c k l o g i n l o g o u t m e n u m b r a n c h -- more -- Manage the system clock Enter configuration mode Open a terminal connection Copy configuration or image data Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') Turn off privileged commands Disconnect an existing telnet session Turn on privileged commands Erase flash or configuration memory Exit from the EXEC Description of the interactive help system Open a lat connection Lock the terminal Log in as a particular user Exit from the EXEC Start a menu-based user interface Trace multicast route for branch of tree M o r e R e t u r n 3. Cisco IOS 4-1 4-1 h e l p < Ta b > word help c l c l Router# c l? clear clock Router# c l o c k %Incomplete command
66 C i s c o s e t Router# clock? set Set the time and date Router# clock set? Current Time (hh:mm:ss) Router# clock set 15:00:00 %Incomplete command C t r l + P Router# clock set 15 : 00 : 00? <1-31> Day of the month MONTH Month of the year C i s c o 10 Te r m i n a l No History C t r l + P C t r l + Show History C t r l + N Ta b s h o w s h ^ I O S Router# clock set 15:00:00 15 5 %Invalid input detected at '^' market. ^ C t r l + P Router# <1993-2005> Year clock set 15:00:00 15 May? R e t u r n
4 Cisco 67 Router# clock set 15:00:00 15 May 1999 4. C i s c o Cisco IOS C t r l + B ( ) E s c + B C t r l + A C t r l + F ( ) E s c + F C t r l + E D e l e t e B a c k s p a c e C t r l + D C t r l + K C t r l + U C t r l + X C t r l + W E s c + D 10 $ Router# config Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# $16.2.5 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.6 255.255.255.0 eq 45 C t r l + B E s c + C t r l + A Router# config Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# access-list 101 permit tcp 172.16.2.5 255.255.255.0 172.16.1 (Ö) 4.2.3 4-4 )
68 C i s c o 4-4 show version show version EXEC show processes show processes EXEC show buffers show buffers EXEC show ip protocol show ip protocols EXEC show protocols show protocols EXEC I P D E C n e t I P X A p p l e Ta l k show memory show memory EXEC show ip route show ip route EXEC show flash F l a s h R A M show running-config show running-config EXEC write terminal show startup-config show startup-config EXEC N V R A M ) C O N F I G _ F I L E show configuration show interfaces show interfaces EXEC
4 Cisco 69 1 show version Cisco IOS 10.0 show version EXEC Router> enable P a s s w o r d : Router# show version IOS (tm) 3000 Software (IGS-J-L), Version 11.3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fcl) Copyright (C) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Tue 06-May-97 by mkamson Image text-base: 0x030372E0, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE ROM: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), Version 10.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE Router uptime is 1 week, 3 days, 32 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "c2500-js-1", booted via tftp from 171.69.1.129 Cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision D) with 8192K/2048K bytes of memory Processor board ID 03272326, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software. SuperLAT software copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp. X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant. TN3270 Emulation software (copyright 1994 by TGV Inc). Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface. 2 Serial network interfaces. 1 ISDN Basic Rate interface. Cisco IOS Version 11. 3 router uptime is 1 week, 3 days, 32 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "c2500-js-1", booted via tftp from 171.69.1.129 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE ROM: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), Version 10.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE Router uptime is 1 week, 3 days, 32 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "c2500-js-1", booted via tftp from 171.69.1.129 Cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision D) with 8192K/2048K bytes of memory
70 C i s c o Processor board ID 03272326, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software. SuperLAT software copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp. X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant. TN3270 Emulation software (copyright 1994 by TGV Inc). Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface. 2 Serial network interfaces. 1 ISDN Basic Rate interface. 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Configuration register is 0x2102 show version T F T P T F T 2. show processes show processes 5 1 5 C P U P I D I Router# show processes CPU utilization for five seconds: 2%/2%; one minute: 5%; five minutes: 5% PID Q Ty PC Runtime (ms) Invoked usecs Stacks TTY Process 1 M E 305109C 36 21 1714 1426/2000 2 Virtual Exe 2 L E 3040184 74254712 708734 104775 908/1000 0 Check heaps 3 M E 30676AE 0 2 0 964/1000 0 Timers 4 L E 3096BFE 156 334 467 734/1000 0 ARP Input 5 L E 30C06B2 0 1 0 924/1000 0 Probe Input 6 M E 30C024A 0 1 0 962/1000 0 RARP Input 7 H E 30B294C 287160 263357 1090 1572/2000 0 IP Input 8 M E 30D9192 3592 487257 7 706/1000 0 TCP Timer 9 L E 30DAE6E 100 62 1612 648/1000 0 TCP Protoco 10 M E 30BD382 2176 6733 323 790/1000 0 BOOTP Serve 11 M E 3118FFC 158256 366449 431 822/1000 0 CDP Protoco 12 M * 0 1264 145 8717 1140/2000 0 Exec 13 L T 318A9A2 132 40586 3 878/1000 0 IP Cache Ag 14 M E 322B58E 12 2 6000 1740/2000 0 SNMP Traps 15 M E 3036610 68 8 8500 740/1000 0 Net Backgro 16 L E 30618D0 8 7 1142 884/1000 0 Logger 17 M P 3040EB2 1101876 2435192 452 758/1000 0 TTY Backgro 18 H E 30368C2 108248 583920 185 374/500 0 Net Input 19 M P 3036544 1137656 40587 28030 734/1000 0 Per-minute 20 M E 30ECB98 0 2 0 1806/2000 0 IP SNMP 21 M E 32D696C 0 2 0 1948/2000 0 IPX SNMP 22 M E 31795C0 27868 40602 686 926/1000 0 IP-RT B a c k g r o u n d 23 M E 31AD32A 2250872 343468 6533 1152/1500 0 RIP Router
4 Cisco 71 Q H M L Ty P C R u n t i m e C P U I n v o k e d U S e c s S t a c k s T T Y P r o c e s s 3. show memory show memory Router# show memory H e a d T o t a l ( b ) U s e d ( b ) F r e e ( b ) L o w e s t ( b ) L a r g e s t ( b ) P r o c e s s o r B 0 E E 38 5181896 2210036 2971860 2692456 2845368 q Processor memory A d d r e s s B y t e s P r e v. N e x t Ref P r e v F N e x t F Alloc PC W h a t B 0 E E 3 8 1 0 5 6 0 B 0 F 2 8 0 1 1 8 F 1 3 2 List Elements B 0 F 2 8 0 2 6 5 6 B 0 E E 3 8 B 0 F D 0 8 1 1 8 F 1 3 2 List Headers B 0 F D 0 8 2 5 2 0 B 0 F 2 8 0 B 1 0 7 0 8 1 1 4 1 3 8 4 TTY data B 1 0 7 0 8 2 0 0 0 B 0 F D 0 8 B 1 0 F 0 0 1 1 4 3 5 3 C TTY Input Buf B 1 0 F 0 0 5 1 2 B 1 0 7 0 8 B 1 1 1 2 8 1 1 4 3 5 6 C TTY Output Buf B 1 1 1 2 8 2 0 0 0 B 1 0 F 0 0 B 1 1 9 2 0 1 1A110E Interrupt Stack B 1 1 9 2 0 4 4 B 1 1 1 2 8 B 1 1 9 7 4 1 970DE8 * I n i t * B 1 1 9 7 4 1 0 5 6 B 1 1 9 2 0 B 1 1 D B C 1 1 8 F 1 3 2 m e s s a g e s B 1 1 D B C 8 4 B 1 1 9 7 4 B 1 1 E 3 8 1 19ABCE Watched Boolean B 1 1 E 3 8 8 4 B 1 1 D B C B 1 1 E B 4 1 19ABCE Watched Boolean B 1 1 E B 4 8 4 B 1 1 E 3 8 B 1 1 F 3 0 1 19ABCE Watched Boolean B 1 1 F 3 0 8 4 B 1 1 E B 4 B 1 1 F A C 1 19ABCE Watched Boolean 4. show buffers show buff e r s Router# show buffers Buffer elements: 334 in free list (500 max allowed) 2235660 hits, 0 misses, 0 created Public buffer pools: Small buffers, 104 bytes (total 50, permanent 50): 50 in free list (20 min, 150 max allowed) 731498 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created Middle buffers, 600 bytes (total 25, permanent 25):
72 C i s c o 25 in free list (10 min, 150 max allowed) 263838 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created Big buffers, 1524 bytes (total 50, permanent 50): 50 in free list (5 min, 150 max allowed) 121827 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created VeryBig buffers, 4520 bytes (total 10, permanent 10): 10 in free list (0 min, 100 max allowed) 0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created Large buffers, 5024 bytes (total 0, permanent 0): 0 in free list (0 min, 10 max allowed) 0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created Huge buffers, 18024 bytes (total 0, permanent 0): 0 in free list (0 min, 4 max allowed) 0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created Interface buffer pools: Ethernet0 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 64, permanent 64): 16 in free list (0 min, 64 max allowed) 48 hits, 0 fallbacks 16 max cache size, 16 in cache Ethernet1 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 64, permanent 64): 16 in free list (0 min, 64 max allowed) 48 hits, 0 fallbacks 16 max cache size, 16 in cache Serial0 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 64, permanent 64): 16 in free list (0 min, 64 max allowed) 48 hits, 0 fallbacks 16 max cache size, 16 in cache Serial1 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 64, permanent 64): 16 in free list (0 min, 64 max allowed) 48 hits, 0 fallbacks 16 max cache size, 16 in cache TokenRing0 buffers, 4516 bytes (total 48, permanent 48): 0 in free list (0 min, 48 max allowed) 48 hits, 0 fallbacks 16 max cache size, 16 in cache TokenRing1 buffers, 4516 bytes (total 32, permanent 32): 32 in free list (0 min, 48 max allowed) 16 hits, 0 fallbacks 0 failures (0 no memory) 5. show flash show flash Router# show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 5596900 igs-j-1.103-10 [5596964 bytes used, 2791644 available, 8388608 total]
4 Cisco 73 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) show flash I O S I O I O S I O S 6. show interfaces show interfaces ( E 0 ) Router# show interfaces Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 0000.0c8d.c30d (bia 0000.0c8d.c30d) Internet address is 172.16.168.1 255.255.255.0 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 4:00:00 Last input 0:00:05, output 0:00:02, output hang never Last clearing of show interfaces counters never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 189272 packets input, 30218862 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 188063 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 222 input errors, 222 CRC, 1 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort - - m o r e - - 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 373246 packets output, 36074209 bytes, 0 underruns 1 output errors, 1850 collisions, 1 interface resets, 0 restarts 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffer trapped out 7. show protocols show protocols I P I P Route# show protocols Global values: Internet Protocol routing is enabled BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 172.16.128.1 255.255.255.0 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 172.16.65.2 255.255.255.0 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 172.16.67.1 255.255.255.0
74 C i s c o 8. show ip protocol show ip protocol I P I R I Router# show ip protocol Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 1 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Routing for Networks: 194. 125. 0. 0 172. 16. 0. 0 Routing Information Sources: G a t e w a y D i s t a n c e Last Update 172. 16. 128. 3 120 0 : 00 : 25 172. 16. 67. 2 120 0 : 00 : 00 172. 16. 65. 1 120 0 : 00 : 21 Distance: (default is 120) R I P show ip route I P 9. show running-config show start-up show startup-config show running-config N V R A M C O N F I G _ F I L E C i s c o 7000 c o p y running-config startup-config boot config C O N F I G _ F I L E Router# show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration:! version 11.2 no service udp-small-servers no service tcp-small-servers! hostname Router2!...! e n d
4 Cisco 75 N V R A M Cisco 7000 show startup-config running-config startup-config Cisco 7000 show startup-config C O N F I G _ F I L E Cisco IOS C O N F I G _ F I L E N V R A M show startup-config N V R A M Router# show s t a r t u p - c o n f i g Using 5057 out of 32768 bytes! version 10.3! enable-password xxxx service pad! boot system dross-system 172.16.13.111 boot system dross-system 172.16.1.111! exception dump 172.16.13.111! no ip ipname-lookup! decnet routing 13.1 decnet node-type area decnet max-address 1023! interface Ethernet 0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 172.30.1.0 ip accounting ip gdp decnet cost 3! ip domain-name BOSTON.COM ip name-server 255.255.255.255! e n d 10. show ip route show ip route 131. 119. 0. 0 Router# show ip route 131.119.0.0 Routing entry for 131.119.0.0 (mask 255.255.0.0)
76 C i s c o Known via "igrp 109", distance 100, metric 10989 Tag 0 Redistributing via igrp 109 Last update from 131.108.35.13 on TokenRing0, 0:00:58 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 131.108.35.13, from 131.108.35.13, 0:00:58 ago, via TokenRing0 Route metric is 10989, traffic share count is 1 Total delay is 45130 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes Loading 2/255, Hops 4 I S - I S I P I P I I P show ip route I S - I S I P Routing Descriptor Blocks I P 10. 22. 22. 2 I S - I S 10. 0. 0. 1 / 32 I P 223. 191. 255. 247 Router# show ip route 10.0.0.1 Routing entry for 10.0.0.1/32 Known via "isis", distance 115, metric 20, type level-1 Redistributing via isis Last update from 223.191.255.251 on Fddi1/0, 00:00:13 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 10.22.22.2, from 223.191.255.247, via Serial2/3 Route metric is 20, traffic share count is 1 223.191.255.251, from 223.191.255.247, via Fddi1/0 Route metric is 20, traffic share count is 1 4.3 Cisco C i s c o 4.3.1 Cisco WA N L A N 4-5 :
4 Cisco 77 F D D I H D L C H D L C H D L C I O S 9. 1 10. 3 Cisco IOS 9. 1 10. 3 Cicso IOS TFTP 4-5 B O O T P R A R P ( ) I P T F T T F T P T F T P T F T P Cisco IOS copy runningconfig tftp R A M T F T P T F T P T F T D N S T F T P 4-6 BOOTP DNS S L A R P B O O T P I P B O O T R A R I P I P T F T P I T F T P n e t w o r k - c o n f i g h o s t n a m e - c o n f i g T F T P
78 C i s c o SLARP TFTP IP TFTP TFTP TFTP TFTP 4-6 I P T F T P T F T P 4-7 D N S I P TFTP DNS DNS DNS TFTP 4-7 T F T P D N S h o s t n a m e - c o n f i g T F T P T F T P r o u t e r- c o n f i g T E L N E T F D D I T F T P
4 Cisco 79 interface ethernet 0 ip address 172.16.25.5 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 172.16.10.10 interface IP address E 0 I P IP helper- a d d r e s s T F T P E 0 T F T P T F T P H D L C I P T F T P interface serial 1 ip address 172.16.16.5 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 172.16.16.0 I P T F T P E n c a p s u l a t i o n Frame-relay map ip I P 172. 16. 11. 10 D L C I ( ) 39 interface serial 1 ip address 172.16.16.5 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 172.16.16.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map ip 172.16.11.10.39 C i s c o Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 11-Mar-96 19:34 by tamb Image text-base: 0x0302E6A8, data-base: 0x00001000 Cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision L) with 6144K/2048K bytes of memory. Processor board serial number 02975066 SuperLAT software copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp. TN3270 Emulation software (copyright 1994 by TGV Inc). X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant. Bridging software. Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface. 2 Serial network interfaces. 1 ISDN Basic Rate interface. 32K bytes on non-volatile configuration memory 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) --- System Configuration Dialog --- At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help. Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
80 C i s c o Default settings are in square brackets '[]'. Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes]: y e s R e t u r n n o C t r l + C First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: Any interface listed with OK? value NO does not have a valid configuratio Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol BRI0 unassigned NO not set up up Ethernet0 unassigned NO not set up down Serial0 unassigned NO not set down down Serial1 unassigned NO not set down down R e t u r n, Configuring global parameters: Enter host name [Router]: sandox Enter enable password: shovel Enter virtual terminal password: pail Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]: Configure IP? [yes]: Configure IGRP routing? [yes]: Your IGRP autonomous system number [1]: 200 Configure DECnet? [no]: Configure XNS? [no]: Configure Novell? [no]: yes Configure Apollo? [no]: Configure AppleTalk? [no]: yes Multixone networks? [no]: yes Configure Vines? [no]: Configure bridging? [no]: Ye s N o 0 1 6 B
4 Cisco 81 Configuring interface parameters: Configuring interface Ethernet0: Is this interface in use? [yes]: Tokenring ring speed (4 or 16)? [16]: Configure IP on this interface? [no]: yes IP address for this interface: 172.16.92.67 Number of bits in subnet field [0]: Class B network is 172.16.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.0.0 Configure Novell on this interface? [no]: yes Novell network number [1]: Configuring interface Serial0: Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]: IP address for this interface: 172.16.97.67 Number of bits in subnet field [0]: Class B network is 172.16.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.0.0 Configure Novell on this interface? [yes]: no Configuring interface Serial1: Is this interface in use? [yes]: no interface Ethernet0: ip address 172.16.92.67 255.255.0.0 novell network 1 no mop enabled! interface Serial0: ip address 172.16.97.67 255.255.0.0 interface Serial1: s h u t d o w n! router igrp 200 network 172.16.0.0! e n d Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes [ o k ] Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this c o n f i g u r a t i o n. Ye s N V R A M N o Ye s N o Ye s
82 C i s c o w w w. c i s c o. c o m C i s c o 4.3.2 N V R A M show startup-config 10. 3 Cisco IOS show config R A M show running-config 10. 3 Cisco IOS write term show startup-config N V R A M Router# show startup-config Using 5057 out of 32768 bytes! version 10.3! enable-password xxxx service pad! boot system dross-system 172.16.13.111 boot system dross-system 172.16.1.111! exception dump 172.16.13.111! no ip ipname-lookup! decnet routing 13.1 decnet node-type area decnet max-address 1023! interface Ethernet 0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 172.30.1.0 ip accounting ip gdp decnet cost 3! ip domain-name CISCO.COM ip name-server 255.255.255.255! e n d
4 Cisco 83 Router# show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration:! version 11.3 no service udp-small-servers no service tcp-small-servers! hostname Router!...! e n d copy running-config to startup-config Router> enable P a s s w o r d : C i s c o Router# configure Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? c o n f i g u r e N V R A M T F T P configure terminal Configure terminal config term c o n f i g R e t u r n i n t e r f a c e Router> enable P a s s w o r d : Router# configure Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# interface serial 0 Router(config-if)# clock rate 64000
84 C i s c o F D D I P V C T 1 w w w. c i s c o. c o m The Dial Solutions Configuration Guide C o n f i g u r i n g Channelized E1 and Channelized T1 Cisco IOS AT M AT M w w w. c i s c o. c o m Configuring ration Fundamentals Command Reference Platform Support w w w. c i s c o. c o m Wide-Area Networking Command Reference AT M C o m m a n d I P w w w. c i s c o. c o m Network Protocols Configuration guide I P D D R w w w. c i s c o. c o m Dial Solutions Configuration Guide Configuring IP Routing Protocol Inde pendent Features I P X I P X N o v e l l I P X I P X w w w. c i s c o. c o m Net Work Protocols Command Reference, Part2 Novell IPX Commands w w w. c i s c o. c o m Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part1 Configuring IP Routing Protocol-Independtnt Features R O M R O M R O M n e t w o r k
4 Cisco 85 Router> enable P a s s w o r d : Router# configure Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# router rip Router(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 Router# configure terminal Router(config)# boot system flash gsnew-image [ C t r l - Z ] Router# copy running-config startup-config T F T P Router# configure terminal Router(config)# boot system test.exe 172.16.13.111 [ C t r l - Z ] Router# copy running-config startup-config R O M Router# configure terminal Router(config)# boot system rom [ C t r l - Z ] Router# copy running-config startup-config N V R A M E E P - R O M ( ) T F T P R O M R O M Cisco IOS show flash i g s - j - l Copy Flash TFTP T F T Router# show flash 4096K bytes of flash memory on embedded flash (in XX). file offset length name
86 C i s c o 0 0x40 1294637 igs-j-1 [903848/2097152 bytes free] Router# copy flash tftp IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 172.16.13.111 filename to write on tftp host? igs-j-1 write igs-j-1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! successful tftp write. Copy TFTP Flash Cisco IOS T F T P Router# copy tftp flash T F T P I P IP address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 172.16.13.111 Name of configuration file? [igs-j-1]? <Return> copy igs-j-1 from 172.16.13.111 into flash memory? [confirm] <Return> xxxxxxx bytes available for writing without erasure. erase flash before writing? [confirm]<return> Clearing and initializing flash memory (please wait)####...### Loading from 172.16.13.111:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK 324572/524212 bytes] Verifying checsum... V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Flash veritification successful. Length = 1204637, checksum = 0x95D9 show flash [ d e l e t e d ] [ d e l e t e d ] igs-j-1 10 U D P V 4.3.3 4-8 show running-config T F T P N V R A M Copy running-config tftp R A M T F T P
4 Cisco 87 4-8 Router# copy running-config tftp Remote host[]? 172.16.2.155 Name of configuration file to write [Router-config]? router.2 Write file router.2 to 172.16.2.155? [confirm] y Writing router.2!!!!!!!! [OK] R o u t e r # copy tftp running-config T F T P T F T Router# copy tftp running-config Host of network configuration file [host]? IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 172.16.2.155 Name of configuration file [Router-config]? Router.2 Configure using Router.2 from 172.16.2.155? [confirm] y Booting Router.2 from 172.16.2.155:!! [OK 874/16000 bytes] I P
88 C i s c o I P 172. 16. 2. 155 T F T P Cisco IOS U N I X D O S U N I X h o s t n a m e - c o n f i g n e t w o r k - c o n f i g D O S 8 3 r o u t e r. c f g copy startup-config running-config N V R A M erase startup-config N V R A M show startup-config N V R A M C i s c o enable password Router> enable P a s s w o r d : R o u t e r # config term l i n e Router# config term Router(config)# line? <0-6> First Line number aux Auxiliary line console Primary terminal line vty Virtual terminal line console 0 l o g i n p a s s w o r d Router (config)# line console 0 Router (config-line)# Router (config-line)# login password cisco line vty 0 4 T E L N E T l o g i n p a s s w o r d Router (config)# line vty 0 4 Router (config-line)# login Router (config-line)# password cisco config term h o? Router> enable
4 Cisco 89 P a s s w o r d : Router# config term Router (config)# ho? h o s t n a m e h o s t n a m e hostname? h o s t n a m e Router (config)# hostname? WORD This system's network name B o s t o n hostname Boston C t r l + Z Router (config)# hostname Boston^Z R e t u r n R o u t e r # %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console B o s t o n # show running-config Boston# show r u n n i n g - c o n f i g Current configuration:! version 11.3 no service upd-small-servers no service tcp-small servers! hostname Boston! enable secret 5 $1$xmb1$CW2.ZcrS8oDfh8IXCm5si1 enable password eve!! interface Ethernet0! ip address 172.16.128.1 255.255.255.0 no mop enabled interface Serial0! ip address 172.16.65.2 255.255.255.0 interface Serial1 ip address 172.16.67.1 255.255.255.0 clockrate 64000 - - m o r e - - show startup-config
90 C i s c o Current configuration:! version 11.3 no service upd-small-servers no service tcp-small servers! hostname Router! enable secret 5 $1$xmb1$CW2.ZcrS8oDfh8IXCm5si1 enable password eve!! interface Ethernet0! ip address 172.16.128.1 255.255.255.0 no mop enabled interface Serial0! ip address 172.16.65.2 255.255.255.0 interface Serial1 ip address 172.16.67.1 255.255.255.0 clockrate 64000 - - m o r e - - R A M N V R A copy running-config startup-config c o n f i g m e m config mem configure memory R o u t e r Boston# config mem R o u t e r # %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console R o u t e r # Router# show running-config Current configuration:! version 11.3 no service upd-small-servers no service tcp-small servers! hostname Router! enable secret 5 $1$xmb1$CW2.ZcrS8oDfh8IXCm5si1 enable password eve!
4 Cisco 91! interface Ethernet0 ip address 172.16.128.1 255.255.255.0 no mop enabled! interface Serial0 ip address 172.16.65.2 255.255.255.0! interface Serial1 ip address 172.16.67.1 255.255.255.0 clockrate 64000 -- m o r e -- 4.4 C i s c o C D P C i s c T E L N E T C i s c o T E L N E T 4.4.1 Cisco C D P C D P 4-9 C D P C D Cisco CDP Cisco SNAP 4-9 CDP S N A P C D L A N S M D S WA N AT M C D P C D P C i s c o C D P C D C i s c o C D P Cisco IOS C i s c o C D P C D P C D P C i s c o C D P C D P I P X
92 C i s c o A p p l e Ta l k C D P C D P C D P C D P C D show cdp interface 0 0 1 C D P 0 A R PA 0 1 H D L C Router> enable P a s s w o r d : Router# config Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# interface serial 0 Router(config-if)# cdp enable Router(config-if)# ^Z R o u t e r # %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router# show cdp interface Ehternet0 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is ARPA Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Serial0 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Serial1 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds C D P 60 C D P 180 C D P Router# show cdp entry Vermont Device ID: Vermont Entry address(es): IP address: 198.92.68.18 CLNS address: 490001.1111.1111.00 AppleTalk address: 10.1 Platform: AGS, Capabilities: Router Trans-Bridge Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID(outgoing port): Ethernet0 Holdtime: 155 sec
4 Cisco 93 C D P I P Apple Ta l k C L N S show cdp neighbors C D P I D Router# show cdp neighbors Capability Codes: R Router, T Trans Bridge, B Source Route Bridge S Switch, H Host, I IGMP Device ID Local Interface Holdtime Capability Platform Port ID Maine Ser 0 130 R 2500 Ser 0 New Hampshire Ser 1 156 R 2500 Ser 1 show cdp neighor all show cdp entry show cdp neighbors C D P M a i n e Ve r m o n t Router# show cdp neighbors all Device ID: Maine Entry address(es): IP address: 172.16.65.1 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0 Holdtime: 169 sec V e r s i o n : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 3000 Software (IGS-J-L), Version 11.1(4), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 17-Jun-96 14:55 by mkamson ------------------------- Device ID: New Hampshire Entry address(es): IP address: 172.16.67.2 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial1, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1 Holdtime: 134 sec V e r s i o n : - - m o r e - - 4.4.2 T C P / I P T E L N E T
94 C i s c o T E L N E T I P T E L N E T M a i n e Vermont> enable P a s s w o r d : Vermont# telnet 172.16.67.2 Trying 172.16.67.2 O p e n User Access Verification P a s s w o r d : M a i n e > D N S T E L N E T M a i n e D N S I P I P M a i n e D N S T E L N E T M a i n e User Access Verification P a s s w o r d : M a i n e > e x i t [Connection to Maine closed by foreign host] Vermont# Maine Trying Maine (172.16.67.2)... Open User Access Verification P a s s w o r d : M a i n e > e x i t T E L N E T C t r l + S h i f t + 6 + X T E L N E T C o n n e c t i c u t Maine> < C t r l + S h i f t + 6 + X > Vermont# Connecticut Trying Connecticut (172.16.65.1) O p e n User Access Verification P a s s w o r d : C o n n e c t i c u t > show sessions T E L N E T
4 Cisco 95 Connecticut> <Ctrl+Shift+6+X> Vermont# show sessions Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 Maine 172.16.67.2 0 1 Maine *2 Connecticut 172.16.65.1 0 1 Connecticut V e r m o n t # R e t u r n T E L N E T 1 M a i n e Vermont# < R e t u r n > [Resuming connection 2 to Connecticut ] Connecticut> 1 [Resuming connection 1 to Maine ] M a i n e > d i s c o n n e c t T E L N E T d i s c o n n e c t C o n n e c t i c u t 2 Vermont# disconn 2 Closing connection to Connecticut [confirm] V e r m o n t # q u i t e x i t T E L N E T M a i n e Ve r m o n t Vermont# 1 Maine# exit [Connection to Maine closed by foreign host] V e r m o n t # e x i t C t r l + S h i f t + 6 + X 4.4.3 O S I T E L N E T T E L N E T T C P / I P T E L N E T T E L N E T T E L N E T T E L N E T P i n g p i n
96 C i s c o p i n g V e r m o n t > e n a b l e P a s s w o r d : Vermont# ping 172.16.65.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.65.1, timeout is 2 s e c o n d s :!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/38/40 ms V e r m o n t # p i n g Vermont# ping 172.16.65.3 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.65.3, timeout is 2 s e c o n d s :..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) V e r m o n t # ping user EXEC A p p l e Ta l k C L N S I P Novell IPX A p o l l o V I N E S D E C n e t X N S t r a c e Tr a c T T L T T 1 T T L T T L show ip route 172. 16. 129. 0 172. 16. 192. Vermont# show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EGIRP, EX EGIRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level 1, L2 IS-IS level 2, * - candidate d e f a u l t Gateway of last report is not set 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 is subnetted, 4 subnets
4 Cisco 97 R C C C V e r m o n t # 172.16.129.0 [120/1] via 172.16.64.4, 00:00:28, Ethernet0 172.16.128.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 172.16.67.0 is directly connected, Serial1 172.16.65.0 is directly connected, Serial0 Vermont# show interface serial1 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 172.16.67.1 255.255.255.0 show interface MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 2000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 0:00:07, output 0:00:06, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 1177 packets input, 75807 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 1031 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 0 input errors, 0 crc, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 1300 packets output, 75807 bytes, 0 underruns 0 oputput errors, 0 collisions, 16 interface resets, 0 restarts show interface d e b u g d e b u Vermont# debug ip-rip RIP protocol debugging is on V e r m o n t # RIP: received update from 172.16.65.1 on Serial0 172.16.68.0 in 1 hops 172.16.66.0 in 2 hops 172.16.32.0 in 1 hops 172.16.1.0 in 2 hops RIP: received update from 172.16.128.3 on Ethernet0 172.16.129.0 in 1 hops RIP: received update from 172.16.67.2 on Serial1
98 C i s c o 172.16.192.0 in 1 hops 172.16.68.0 in 2 hops 172.16.66.0 in 1 hops 172.16.1.0 in 2 hops d e b u g d e b u d e b u g d e b u g U N I X