() 1 3.5km 60 70 1
2 1 2
3 10 20 300 100 3
4 bye bye 4
5 800 2000 30 500
6 80% 5 2002 1 1
7 100 6
8 5 6
9 7 4 3 U
10 8 70 9 2 8 10
100 () 1 30 2 60 70 11
12 2 5 18
13 3 80 20 5 60
4 14
15
16
17 5 100
20 50 18
19 2003 6 50
7 20
() 1 5 6 21
50 400m 2 22
23
24 6 3 5 5 5
25 4
26 5
27 6 7
8 1 28
29 9 0.5m3/s
() 1 30
31 100 1000 20 2 1998
32 5 6
3 80 3 5 33
() 150 1 34
35
2 36
37
38 3 3
39 70 50
4 40
41 5 1998 40 10
42 10 () 1 11
2 43
44
45 3
46
47
6670 760 48
49 287
50
51 2003 2 21
52 20
53
54 90 1985 90
18 97.2% 2.8% 78.6% 0.01% 0.001% 41 78% 22% 55
99% 7000 18 1000 34 50 1.2 42 1.2 33.5 21 42 20 40 1.2 1 2 2010 56
6 2 8 0.53 1997 1 29 2 5 7 1.02 3.1 60 2.7 2.8 60 3 8 57
1 20 50 1000 50 1052 83 577.8 58
4000 40% 1/3 19 20 21 ( )()( ) 140 59
290 0.8 5826 14 60-80% 10 60
H 2 O H:O 61
(6 ) ( ) 62
63 ( ) 70 (Sr) (Zn) (Se) (Li) (Br) (I) (CO2) (H2SiO3)
64 8700 / 23 2900 /
65 ( ) 1 10 2 7 8
30 1974 26 60 80 50 90 45 20 1975 50 1300 72.5 66
1996 37 PH 67
10s CCM-1 ph GB17323-1998 100 50 100 80% 68
(Ph 8.5 ) ( ) 69
21% 38% 70
2 2 4 2 4 6 2 2 68.2% 2 4 88.7% 2 4 6 85.6% COD 87.7% ( ) 90 71
89 10 6 18 96 1 8 17 3 7 4 80% 2 14 80% 72
30cm 10.8% 20% 3 1 2 1.68m 73
(1) 5 PH PH 6.8 7 3(NTU) (2) (3) 1.68m ( ) 1mpa 1 (1) 0.4 1mpa (2) 100m 2.5cm 0.45 (3) 2cm 60cm 120 3cm 3mm 74
200cm 30cm 40cm (4) 6 (5) 98% 3 30 6kg (6) 1500L (7) 18 30cm (8) 1 1500L 1 1 1 1.5 ( ) 30 50 80 1200C 2 20 30 3 50 50 4 3 5 75
7 1 60 1 10.8% 3.2% 70% 2 20% 45% 3 7-8m/h 9m/h 2 3NTU 0.5NTU 60% 85% PH 6.8 7 33 76
7 8 7 400mm 400mm 7 0 5 1.0mm 1.0 1.0mm K80 1.46 D80 0.76 D50=0.63 D10=0.52 K80 1.5 D80 1.59 D50=1. 34 D10=1.06 1000mm 8 0.8 1.2mm K80 1.42 D80 1.18 D50=1.01 D10=0.83 10m/h 12m/h 14m/h 16m/h INTU 2.5M 10 25NTU 16M/H 12m/h 16m/h 72 77
23 92m/h 1 7 8 7 11015.8-2013m3/t m 2 1629m3/Tm 2 8 857 7 8 1 2 7 92.4 221.9h 8 68.3 164.6h 7 8 28h 2 0.5NTU 3 8 7 4 2.95% 7 2.15% 7 8 7 40cm 8 78
7 8 0.87% 7 0.15% 7 8 8 1.2 5 15.gL/S m 2 42.55 7 8 7 600 m 3 9NTU 1000 1200 m 3 18NTU 8 PLC V 79
47 M3/ 42 M3/ 5 M3/ 1/3 PLC+PC PLC TE PLC S7 PLC 10 55 3 PLC PLC PLC PLC 80
81 3 1 PLC 24 2000
3-4 PLC 2001 8 PLC ( 2 ) PLC PLC PLC (PLC ) 3 PLC PLC 82
A. B. PLC C. PLC 83
( ) SCADA DCS PLC+PC PLC+PC PLC( ) PLC PLC PLC AB GE 20.83% AB 14.58% 8.33% GE 6.25% 4.17% PLC PLC PLC PLC 84
PLC PLC PLC PLC IPC( ) (PC ) PC IPC IPC PC 22.22% Intel 11.11% IBM 5.56% FANUC SIEMENS 3.70% 1.85% DCS( ) DCS DCS Hyneywell 22.5% 17.5% 12.5% 10% SIEMENS 85
7.5% Westing House Foxboro 5% FCS( ) DCS Frost Sulliva 2000 PLC 76 50% ;14% DCS 41 ;27% PC 21.3 PID 13.7 ;9% PLC PLC PLC 86
PLC PLC PLC AB GE PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC 87
PLC PLC ( ) PLC PLC AS-I PLC IEC PLC TE PLC PLC PLC TSX PLC PLC Modicon TSX 88
Premium Micro PLC FIPWAY PLC 1M 10M PLC PLC : 2 11 PLC Micro PLC Premium PLC FIPWAY PLC TSX 40 PLC 10M PLC : TE 20 30 PLC TELWAY 7 89
MODBUS PLC TE 40 PLC TELWAY 7 FIPWAY MODBUS PLC TSX Premium Micro PLC FIPWAY MODBUS TELWAY ( 19200BPS)MODBUS ( 19200BPS)FIPWAY ( 1M) A. TSX 37 57PLC PLC B. C. PLC 90
D. PLC PROFIBUS INTERBUS WORLDFIP I/O 2 2 PLC 2 91
15 PLC 1.2 1 1.19-1.21 V PLC 92
PLC TE( ) PLC TE PLC PLC 1.2 93
40 PLC PLC 12 12 PLC 3 4 3000 PLC 11 15 900 30 ( PLC) 3 PLC PLC ( PLC 94
95 ) PLC 24V 9000 300 (256~250)
96 ( ) 3 10 ( ) 0.56 10
-- 2.3 6 2595 70 100 15.8 1 27 8.39 3/2 271.5 141 3 1 2 280 34 3 120 18 3000 1970 12 31 1981 6 7 1983 1981 1988 12 97
4 () ( 221 ). ( 323 ) ( ) ( ) 98
( 279 ) ( 8km) ( ) ( 256 250 ) ) () ( 221 589 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 99
( ) 2 ( ) 100
(219 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (87 ) (190 ) (260 ) (321 ) ( 18km) 101
3 ( 185 ) 4000 H (250 ) ( ) 28km 20 ) () (581 1279 ) 1 ( ) ( ) 102
18 36 (707 710 ) ( ) (978 ) 10 (738 ) (1125 ) (110 ) ( ) 103
2 ( ) (739 ) 770 ) (821 822 ) (808 ) 598 (792 ) 104
105 (105 106 ) ( ) (999 ) (1055 ) 11 (1228 ) (813 ) ( )
106 (1241 1252 ) 3 (1170 ) () (1280 1949 ) 1
107 ( ) 2 (1274 ). 1912
3 10 (1788 ) 12 20 4 1957 1500km 108
1300km 400km 1931 5 2500km 1935 1931 70 ) () ( 20 ( ) 109
6 1 ( 651 ) 9 8 ( 555 ). ( 550 ) ( ) 25 25 ( 359) ( ) 110
( ) ( 225 ) ( ) 12 H ( 168 ) ( ) ( 132 ) ( ) 23 ( ) 70 ( 29 ) 32 4 111
2 10 ( 11 ) ( ) ( 69 ) () 900 2 453 ( 112
422 )( 20kg) ( 246 ) ( 140 87 ) ( ) ( 119 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 60 ( 73 49 ) 113
114 ( ) 3 ( 647 ) ( ) ( ) ( 482 ) ( 361 340 ) ( )
( 29 ) 18 () ( 70 1127 ) 1000 1 400 400 300 20 168 (960 1127 ) 115
(1034 ) ( ) (104 ) (1060 ) 2 ( ) ( ) (225 ) (357 385 ) (395 ) ( ) (444 ) ( ) 116
117 (550 ) H (562 ) ( ) (582 ) ( ) (825 )
(1068 1077 ) 3 (204 ) ( ) ( ) (584 ) 118
(605 ) ( ) (608 ) ( ) (610 ) ( ) ( ) (741 ) () 38 (1127 1949 ) 119
1 ( ) 20 (1234 ) (1351 ) ( ) 10 (1392 ) (1448 ) 8 (1455 ) (1492 120
) 3 11 13 4 (1578 1580 ) (1593 ) (1677 ) 121
122 1938 9 2 3 (1289 )
123 (1411 ) (1566 ) (1604 ) ( ) (1688 ) ( ) (1855) 4
( ) 219 (174 ) (692 ) (864 ) () ( ) 28 (1087 ) 93 12 124
(1011 ) (l043 ) (1230 ) () 27 6 5 16 (1396 ) 72 370 125
(1368 ) 400 210 2 1 1949 165 137 1.2 1 (1394 ) () 126
1937 3 1942 1.4 1914 ( ) 1915 450 365 1920 1924 6 10m km2 1947 800 420 127
1937 1845 (355kW) ( 514 470 ) ( ) (245 ) ( 13km) ( ) 14 128
(664 665 ) (777 ) (260 ) (321 ) ( 18km) (481 ) (445 ) 20 (530 ) (813 ) 129
(780 ) (824 ) ( ) (807 ) (810 ) (763 ) (1068 11077 ) 130 130 260 130
(1089 ) (1111 1118 ) ( ) ( ) (1317 ) ( ) 9929 (1401 ) (1436 1449 ) (1460 ) (1494 ) (1521 ) (1544 (1569 ) 131
2000 4 (1727 1731 ) (176 ) (1824 ) 5 132
(713 ) 40 24)( 1153 ()12 ( 446 397 ) ( ) ( 133
) ( ) (204 213 ) ( ) (250 ) (295 ) (517 ) ( ) ( ) ( 134
135 ) ( 1963 ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( 15km) (1069 1078 ) ( ) ()12 (1153 ) 3 12 34 ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 136
( ) ( ) (1206 ) 3 12 34 ( ) ( ) (1172 ) ( ) (1205 ) ( ) ( ) 137
( ) (1293 ) 600 (1698 1772 ) 6 27 3 (1738 1894 ) 138
139 18 (488 1880 ) 7 ( ) ( ) ( )
140 (1855 ) () 1 2600
(196 ) ( ) (241 ) 2 3 5 2 6 482 141
361 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 10 (514 516 ) ( 142
143 ) 4 () (1129 1855 (1128 ) 400 ( )
6 1280 1855 575 230 2 144
( ) (1855 1949 ) 1855 700 1931 1937 1938 6 2 6 11 20 400 m 9 1947 3 15 145
146 400km 30 80km 9
147 6 20 ( ) 598 591 548
148 () 256 3 ( 34 ) () ( 246 ) ( 95 ) ( 1)
() () ) 149
() ( () 150
151 ( ) ( ) (140 ) () (444 ) (250 ) () (278 )
( ) ( ) ( ) () (806 820 ) 598 (1173 ) 104 (1174 ) ( ) 2245 (833 ) 152
153 (1116 ) (lll9 ) () ()
() (1069 ) 154
() () (1439 1449 ) 48 100 155
156 ( ) ( ) () (1802 ) ( ) (1845 ) 185
157 ( 1903 ) 20 ( 1276 ) () 3
() (1231 1316) 13 (1313 ) 60 9 158
() 20 30 2000 1935 59 1947 7 138 159
60cm 1933 480m 38 5 4m 1935 3 7m 1924 1930 4 1934 1404 3379 88 1009 94% 1927 1935 6 160
1920 1930 225 1916 I 8000 33 1947 1938 1945 39 57 () 1931 5 1934 12 1935 161
162 1942 71 1943 1944 (996 ) 176
163 (250 )
164 (1228 ) ( ) ( 279 ) ( 8km) ( )
(769 ) (1055 ) (1162 ) 39 (1066 ) 49 (1183 )46 10 2100 ( ) ( 20km) 165
( ) ( ) (233 ) ( ) (547 ) ( ) 1935 1971 (743 ) (1056 1063 ) 7 4 166
167 20 km2 2000 () ( 256 251 ) (
1km ) ( ) ( ) 30 50m 8 12m 2m 150 200m 168
169 20 50 1.3 (1335 ) ( ) (1877 )
13 1936 31.4m 8.85m 3m 1979 20 60 () ( ) 170
30.02cm) ( 171
( ) ( ) (1827 ) (1877 ) 1936 () ( 141 ) ( ) 172
1 ( ) (735 ) (742 756 ) (847 859 ) ) (874 879 ) ( ) (1741 ) 1938 300 173
20 50 60 1974 104 4m 8 12m 7700m3/s 4130m3/s ( ) 50 1952 1956 1954 60 174
678 70 1981 207 429 1987 867.16 (126 ) ( ) 4 ( ) 5 463 3000 (1330 ) 175
(1522 1566 ) (1600 ) 24 3 2 5 300 ( 119 ) 176
( ) ( 115 ) ( 111 ) () ( ) ( ) (701 ) ( ) 9 70 ( ) ( ) 177
( 16 9 ) ( 42 ) m 8 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 126 ) (1825 ) 160 5 771 70 255 90 315 85 770 178
83 82 (1869) 102 45 (1857 ) 11 212 (185 ) 500 1420 5651 9000 (1903 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 179
(1851 1925) 12 1914 1925 1935 200 (14 ) 69 180
181 ( ) 5.8km2 ( ) 80 100m 10 20m
2m 1m 30km ( ) () () () Karez () 18 19 30 (1845 ) 60 ) 185 182
20 20 50 5000 ( ) (250 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (262 ) (295 ) 3/4 200 (519 ) (565 ) ( 183
(650 655 ) ( ) (1171 ) 30 (1302 ) (1342 ) (1342 ) 184
( 128 117 ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) 10 H (56 ) (583 ) ( ) 1927 1928 185
70km 14 250 1928 1931 6 7 lm 1975 116 (106 ) (1075 ) (1083 ) km 100 3km 186
32 (1315 ) (1341 1368 ) 3 28 (182 ) 309km 350 17 1283m2/S 3000 m3 20 1000kg 187
( ) ( 34 ) ( ) ( ) ( 31 ) (445 ) ) (1552 ) 36 14 48 20 24 188
189 ( 122 117 ) ( ) ( ) () () ( ) (444 ) ( ) (773 ) ( ) ( )
8 (820 ) ( ) () 1032 1048 ( ) 10 68 (1264 ) ( ) ( ) 190
( ) (1708 ) (1726 ) 1936 3000 1.8 1959 2000 1/4 () 191
192 (1572 ( ) 30km (
) ( 598 591 ) ( 298 263 ) (89 ) ( ) (200 ) 5 4 2 (1086 1094 ) (1492 ) 193
(1673 ) ) (1758 ) (1727 ) (1820 ) ( ) 16 194
(1794 ) (1041 1043 ) (1170 1171 ) 1 23 (1193 ) 1940 135.5m 4.3m 14 1976 195
(1537 ) 28 108m (140 ) (722 ( ) 80 196
197 280m3/S 3d 110mm 1979 2500m (1618 ) 1946
7km 1959 47m 677m3 1966 1976 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (654 ) ( ) (669 ) ( ) (743 ) 198
(833 ) ( ) 36 80 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 199
(1242 ) 3 ) (125 (1536 ) ( ) (1857 ) 3 (1914 134.4m 4.8m (1683 ) 20 (1895 ) (l 14.6 ) 200
20 10 4 300 1937 700 1937 400 1946 1948 800 (1793 ) ( ) (1898 ) 33km 29km 2 1904 10 1948 37 (1837 ) 46 1948 15.6 1920 1930 ( ) 3.1km 201
1273m 5.6m 1.67 m3 150 70 1944 60 112km 1200km 500 km 1928 33 1933 3.5 (755 ) 202
40 80 72( 74 ) ( ) 14 74 26 203
204 14 ()
(1086 1077 ) 265 132 28 2 24 (502 519 ) ( ) 205
206 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1000 (196 220 ) (74O )
207 ( ) ( ) ( ) 860m 34 (1802 ) 154 1955 52 ( 101
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1911 ( ) ( ) ( ) (1802 ) (1802 1808 ) 6 ( 208
) (1734 ) (1826 ) ( 20km ) ( 425 ) 12 8 ( ) 209
( ) (535 ) 20km ( ) (580 ) (672 ) ( 9km) ( ) (1735 ) 210
211 1959 (115 ) (1ll3 ) (1165 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( 246 ) ( ) ( 95 ) ( ) (357 385 ) 3 3 ( 25km) (650 655 ) 212
(76 779 ) ( ) 6 (963 968 ) (995 ) (1006 ) (1036 ) (l047 ) (1072 ) (1108 ) 213
(1304 ) (1314 ) 1166 135 300 10 (1464 1482 ) 5 (1516 ) (1737 ) 1932 (lif pump 214
( ) (186 ) 215
216 (186 )
( ) 40 30 217
5 6 (778 ) 80 (1097 ) 218
219 ( ) 1 m
220