SPring-8 2007/07/20 < > 3-D 3D http://sp-mac4.pse.tut.ac.jp/ 3D 3D + ( ) 3D ( )
CT voel (tiff) (2000piel 2000piel) 1312slice 8bit = 4.88 Gbte (2000piel 2000piel) 1312slice 16bit = 9.78 Gbte 8 bit =1 bte= 0 ~ 255 16 bit=2 bte = 0 ~ 65535 1024bte=1kbte 1024kbte=1Mbte 1024Mbte=1Gbte (PC) 4GB for 32bit Sstem = 2GB 4 = 8GB STEP1 STEP2: ) STEP3
slice b slice D Count, n ( 10 5 ) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Mg 2 Si Al Air Al 6 CuMg 4 Al 2 CuMg Al-Cu-Mg (2024) Al-Mg-Si (6000series) 20keV Al 2 Cu 0.0-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Liner absorption coefficent, μ / mm -1 CT Binar image Digital image Binar image
(a) (b) Pores Sample Air (c) 50μm (d) 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2D 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 4-8- 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 3D 6-2bit 16bit 8 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 5 5 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 4 4 0 18-26-
( 1, 1, 1 ) ( 2 2, 2 ) ( 1, 1, 1 )-( 2 2, 2 ) Marching Cubes ( 1, 1, 1 ) ( 2, 2, 2 ) Marching Cubes 8voel( ) 15
3D i j k m = f (, ijk,,, ) 1 (,, ) f (,, ) = 0 (g, g, g ) = ( m 100 /m 000, m 010 /m 000, m 001 /m 000 ) I = M 020 M M M ijk + M 110 101 002 =,, M ( g M 200 M 110 + M 011 i ) ( g 002 M 101 M 011 M + M 200 j ) ( g ) 020 k f (,, ) λ 1,λ 2,λ 3 v 1, v 2, v 3 λ 1 λ 2 λ v 2 v 3 g v 1 v 3 v 2 g v 1 v 3 v 2 g v 1 a) : λ 2 / λ 1 1 v 2 v 3 g b) : λ 3 / λ 1 1 ( ) c) : λ 2 / λ 1 0 v 1 1 2 ) ( 36πV 3 S
3D SR-CT /FOV SPring-8 2kN() 1kN() 7.5mm 6kg hold0.1μm CT image CT image Load 1 Load 2 CT Particles, Micro-pores, etc micro-gauge l 0 l 1 l 2 l 3 1st 2nd 3rd 4th... Loading step () Tracking
(MPP) CT-volume A μ-markers Registration CT-volume B μ-markers Registration Yes Calculation of MPP, M p M p M th1 p Yes ΔM p M th2 p No Pended marker No Tracked Rejected marker marker M th1 p,m th2 p : Threshold value for tracking Matching Probabilit Parameter (MPP), M p M p (i, j) = α M L (i, j)+ β M V (i, j)+ γ M S (i, j) M L : Parameter for Location M V : Parameter for Volume M S : Parameter for Surface area α, β, γ : Parameter's weight (α +β +γ = 1) (1) ma(m p ) M p th1 (2) ΔM p = ma(m p ) ma 2nd (M p ) M p th2 (MTP) CT-volume A μ-markers MTP CT-volume B μ-markers Macroscopic Trajector Prediction (MTP) Calculation of MPP, M p M p M th1 p No Yes Yes ΔM p M th2 p No Pended marker Tracked Rejected marker marker M th1 p,m th2 p : Threshold value for tracking Before deformation Prediction Poisson0.5 After deformation
(SMA) CT-volume A μ-markers MTP CT-volume B μ-markers Spring Model* Algorithm (SMA) * PIV Pended marker Yes Calculation of MPP, M p M p M th1 p Yes ΔM p M th2 p No Pended marker No b 4 pended marker matched marker b 3 b 7 b 6 b 8 b 9 b 10 b 5 b 1 Before deformation b 2 b ' 4 b ' 8 b ' 9 pended marker b ' b ' 3 7 b ' 6 b' b ' 10 5 b ' 1 After deformation b ' 2 SMA Tracked Rejected marker marker M th1 p,m th2 p : Threshold value for tracking E sp E sp = N 1 N sp sp i= 1 b b i b i i N sp : number of springs b and b': spring vectors α: β: γ = 1: 0: 0 r s = 118.5 μm M p th1 = 0.8 M p th2 = 0.1 Ratio of success tracking, η (%) 100 80 60 40 20 (a) MPP MPP+MTP MPP+MTP+SMA 0 5 10 15 20 25 Strain difference, Δ (%) Ratio of tracked marker, ρ (%) 100 (b) MPP MPP + MTP SMA 80 60 40 20 MPP MPP+MTP MPP+MTP+SMA 0 5 10 15 20 25 Strain difference, Δ (%)
Delauna (FEM)3-D Strain components: {ε, ε, ε, γ, γ, γ } t = [B]{δ i, δ j, δ k, δ l } t [B]: FEM B-matri δ : marker displacement i j k l / μm / μm / μm Strain, ε / μm / μm (a) Δ=12.4% (1st-2nd) ρ = 97.9%, η = 100% / μm / μm (b) Δ=16.3% (1st-3rd) ρ = 97.7%, η = 100% / μm / μm (c) Δ=22.1% (1st-4th) ρ = 63.3%, η = 98.3%
Position, / μm Tomographic slice after fracture strain, ε Position, / μm Sectional strain map of ε at =100μm (1) a b a b crack crack 6.6%
Void crack Void crack p 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 100 m particle void (2) (Ga Ga) ) wetting 3-D (LAC) 2024Al Ga CT Gallium
Grain 2 Grain 1 Grain 5 Notch Grain 6 Grain 3 Grain 4 100μm Grain6 (284 particles) Rotation angle, θ (degree) 4 3 2 1 0-1 -2-3 Strain, ε (%) 15 10 5 0 (a) Grain 6-5 ε -10 ε ε -15 0 1 2 3 Nominal Strain, Δ (%) (b) Grain 6 -ais -ais -ais -4 0 1 2 3 Nominal Strain, Δ (%) l 0 l 0 l 1 l 1 l1 l ε = l 0 0
3D CT 3D 3D CT 3D3D (e) 543K CubeSCuBrassGoss 10 TD LAGBHAGB CSL RD ESRF,APS