9 21 1.1.1 1.1.2 1 2
2 Windows 7+Office 2010 3 4 5 6 4 7 1.1.3 5 1.1.4 1
3 2 NII 1993 3 CNNIC 2014 1 16 33 1 2013 12 6.18 5358 45.8% 2012 3.7 2 2013 12 5 19.1% 2012 74.5% 81.0% 2013 3G 2013 12 2.47 2012 1.12 83.8% 3 2013 2012 2013 5.32 2012 6440 86.2% 2013 2012 59.5% 54.7% 3.38 234 2013 12 2.15 2012 7594 54.5% PC 4 2013 2013
4 Windows 7+Office 2010 3.02 48.9% 2012 6.0 2013 1.41 22.8% 2012 8.0 54.3% 2013 23.5% 26.8% 20.9% 1.2.1 20 40 1946 John Mauchly J.P.Eckert ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator 1-1 18000 1500 10000 7000 30 170 150 3 5000 1-1 1 1946 1957
5 2 1958 1964 FORTRAN COBOL 3 1965 1974 IC Integrated Circuit Pascal C 4 1974 5 1.2.2 1956 1960 107 1964 119 1978 1983 12 22 -I 1-2 -I 1 1992 -II 1-3 1993 6 22 -II 10 1993 3 10
6 Windows 7+Office 2010 1-2 -I 1-3 -II 1997 1000 1997 6 19 -III 1999 9 3840 500 48 2002 8 9 LSSC-2 1.027 500 24 2005 4 CPU 2 2007 12 26 2F KD-50-I KD-50-I 2008 9 16 5000A 1-4 5000A 230 120TB 700TB 2009 10 29 1-5 1-4 5000A 1-5
7 1206 563.1 Linpack 100 2010 6 1 3000 1271 2012 2 24 863 6000 1-6 20 6000 400 1-6 6000 2000 4000A 2013 1.2.3 1 2 π 3 Linpack Linear system package Linpack
8 Windows 7+Office 2010 4 5 6 1.2.4 1 2 3 4 CAD Computer Aided Design CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing CAT Computer Aided Testing CAE Computer Aided Engineering CAI Computer Assisted Instruction 5 AI 6
9 7 8 Electronic Commerce 20 60 20 90 Business to Business B2B Business to Customer B2C Customer to Customer C2C 9 Government to Government G2G Government to Business G2B Government to Citizen G2C 1.2.5 IEEE 1 2 3
10 Windows 7+Office 2010 4 5 1.2.6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1+1=10B 10 2 + 11 2 = 101 2
11 1.3.1 1 0 1 R R 10 16 8 2 R i R i 0 1 1-1 -2 1 123.45 10 1 10 2 2 10 1 3 10 0 4 10-1 5 10-2 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 1234.56 1234.56=1 10 3 +2 10 2 +3 10 1 +4 10 0 +5 10-1 +6 10-2 2 0 1 2 2 (1101.11) 2 (1101.11) 2 =1 2 3 +1 2 2 +0 2 1 +1 2 0 +1 2-1 +1 2-2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 (1261.11) 8 (1261.11) 8 =1 8 3 +2 8 2 +6 8 1 +1 8 0 +1 8-1 +1 8-2 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 (2D5F.2A) 16 (2D5F.2A) 16 =2 16 3 +13 16 2 +5 16 1 +15 16 0 +2 16-1 +10 16-2 B O D H
12 Windows 7+Office 2010 100 100B (100) 2 100 100O (100) 8 100 100D (100) 10 100 100H (100) 16 1.3.2 1 1-1 101.11 (101.11) 2 =1 2 2 +0 2 1 +1 2 0 +1 2-1 +1 2-2 =4+1+0.5+0.25 5.75 1-2 136.4 (136.4) 8 =1 8 2 +3 8 1 +6 8 0 +4 8-1 =64+24+6+0.5=94.5 1-3 2A.C (2A.C) 16 =2 16 1 +10 16 0 +12 16-1 =32+10+0.75=42.75 2 1-4 75.375 2 2 7 5 1 2 3 7 1 2 1 8 0 2 9 1 2 4 0 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 0.375 2 0.750 0 2 1.500 1 0.5 2 1.0 1 (75.375) 10 =(1001011.011) 2 75.375
13 0.33 3 1 0 2 0 1-5 10010011.1011 672.25 010 010 011. 101 100 6 7 2. 2 5 2 2 3. 5 4 110 111 010. 010 101 (10010011.1011) 2 =(223.54) 8 (672.25) 8=(110111010.010101) 2 4 1 0 2 0 1-6 11111010011.101101 3B5.6A 0111 1101 0011. 1011 0100 3 B 5. 6 A 7 D 3. B 4 0011 1011 0101. 0110 1010 (11111010011.101101) 2 =(7D3.B4) 16 (3B5.6A) 16 =(1110110101.0110101) 2 0 1-1 1-1 0 0000 0 0 1 0001 1 1 2 0010 2 2 3 0011 3 3 4 0100 4 4 5 0101 5 5 6 0110 6 6 7 0111 7 7
14 Windows 7+Office 2010 8 1000 10 8 9 1001 11 9 10 1010 12 A 11 1011 13 B 12 1100 14 C 13 1101 15 D 14 1110 16 E 15 1111 17 F 1.3.3 1 4 0+0=0 0+1=1 1+0=1 1+1=10 0-0=0 1-0=1 1-1=0 10-1=1 0 0=0 0 1=0 1 0=0 1 1=1 0 1=0 1 1=1 1-7 (1100) 2 + (101) 2=(10001) 2 1 1 0 0 + 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1-8 (1110) 2 - (101) 2=(1001) 2 1 1 1 0-1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 4 1 AND 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 OR
15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 NOT 0 0 = 1 1 = 0 0 1 1 0 4 XOR 0 0=0 0 1=1 1 0=1 1 1=0 1 0 10 0 1 BCD ASCII BCD ACSII 1.4.1 26 A B Z a b z + - * / $ % CR LF BEL BCD ASCII 1 BCD BCD Binary Coded Decimal 0 1 8421 4 4
16 Windows 7+Office 2010 2 3 =8 2 2 =4 2 1 =2 2 0 =1 8421 129 8421 BCD 0001 0010 1001 3 1-2 8421BCD 1-2 8421BCD 8421BCD 8421BCD 8421BCD 0 0000 10 0001 0000 100 0001 0000 0000 1 0001 11 0001 0001 101 0001 0000 0001 2 0010 12 0001 0010 102 0001 0000 0010 3 0011 13 0001 0011 103 0001 0000 0011 4 0100 14 0001 0100 104 0001 0000 0100 5 0101 15 0001 0101 200 0010 0000 0000 6 0110 16 0001 0110 211 0010 0001 0001 7 0111 17 0001 0111 222 0010 0010 0010 8 1000 18 0001 1000 876 1000 0111 0110 9 1001 19 0001 1001 999 1001 1001 1001 BCD 4 BCD (0001 0010 1001) BCD 129 2 ASCII ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 7 ASCII 8 ASCII 7 ASCII ASCII 0 128 0 9 52 8 ASCII ASCII IBM ASCII 8 256 ASCII 128 1-3 1-4 1-3 ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII 0 00 NUT 32 20 sp 64 40 @ 96 60 1 01 SOH 33 21 65 41 A 97 61 a 2 02 STX 34 22 66 42 B 98 62 b 3 03 ETX 35 23 # 67 43 C 99 63 c 4 04 EOT 36 24 $ 68 44 D 100 64 d 5 05 ENQ 37 25 % 69 45 E 101 65 e 6 06 ACK 38 26 & 70 46 F 102 66 f 7 07 BEL 39 27, 71 47 G 103 67 g
17 ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII 8 08 BS 40 28 ( 72 48 H 104 68 h 9 09 HT 41 29 ) 73 49 I 105 69 i 10 0A LF 42 2A * 74 4A J 106 6A j 11 0B VT 43 2B + 75 4B K 107 6B k 12 0C FF 44 2C, 76 4C L 108 6C l 13 0D CR 45 2D - 77 4D M 109 6D m 14 0E SO 46 2E. 78 4E N 110 6E n 15 0F SI 47 2F / 79 4F O 111 6F o 16 10 DLE 48 30 0 80 50 P 112 70 p 17 11 DC1 49 31 1 81 51 Q 113 71 q 18 12 DC2 50 32 2 82 52 R 114 72 r 19 13 DC3 51 33 3 83 53 X 115 73 s 20 14 DC4 52 34 4 84 54 T 116 74 t 21 15 NAK 53 35 5 85 55 U 117 75 u 22 16 SYN 54 36 6 86 56 V 118 76 v 23 17 TB 55 37 7 87 57 W 119 77 w 24 18 CAN 56 38 8 88 58 X 120 78 x 25 19 EM 57 39 9 89 59 Y 121 79 y 26 1A SUB 58 3A : 90 5A Z 122 7A z 27 1B ESC 59 3B ; 91 5B [ 123 7B { 28 1C FS 60 3C < 92 5C / 124 7C 29 1D GS 61 3D = 93 5D ] 125 7D } 30 1E RS 62 3E > 94 5E ^ 126 7E ~ 31 1F US 63 3F? 95 5F 127 7F DEL 1-4 ASCII NUL VT SYN SOH FF ETB STX CR CAN ETX SO EM EOY SI SUB ENQ DLE ESC ACK DC1 1 FS BEL DC2 2 GS BS DC3 3 RS HT DC4 4 US LF NAK DEL
18 Windows 7+Office 2010 3 1-7 1-7 1 1981 GB2312 80 7445 3755 3008 682 1995 12 GBK 21003 883 GB2312 80 2 0 7 1717 BCD 0001 0111 0001 0111 2 ASCII 1 1 0 ASCII 1717 9797 BCD 1001 0111 1001 0111 ASCII GB2312 80 3 4 ABC QQ
19 4 M N 16 16 24 24 32 32 1.4.2 0 1 1.4.3 1 bit bit b 0 1 2 Byte Byte B 1B=8bit KB MB GB TB 1KB=1024B 1MB=1024KB 1GB=1024MB 1TB=1024GB 3 word 4 32 64