53 1 3-1 1
54 一 閩南語及閩南族群的形成 1. 4-1 2. 7 3. 2 669 6,600 2 9 4. 6 8 10 5. 2
55 3-1 ( b ( a ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( b ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( a b 60 1/3 1/3 1/3 6. 19 30 15 23 1662
56 50-100 7. 19 4-1 3-2 (ciah 8 b m bi 5 ber 5 ( be 5 bue 5 be 5 bue 5 me 5 muai 5 mui 5 mue 5 mai 5 ( muai 5
57 mi 5 3 moi 1 moi 1 3-2 1. (1(khue 1 khere 1 1. (2(khir 3 er ir 2. (3(chinn 1 (4 (pher 5 ue 5 2. (5(ber 5, be 5 be 5 (6(luah 8 3. (7(hoo 2 3. hoo 2 41 (8 (long 5 ioh 8 1. (1(khue 1 1. ( (2(khi 3 2. (3(chinn 1 2. (4 (phe ue er ir (5 (be 5, bue 5, me 5 3. (6(luah 8 3. ho 2 hoo 2 41 (7(ho 2 (8 (long 5 ioh 8 4. 1. (1(khe 1 1. (2(khi 3 uinn 2. (3(chenn 1 (4 (phue 5 e 5 2. (muai 5 (5(mue 5 ;muai 5 3. j [dz] (6(juah 8 3. (7(ho 2 199726 53 (8 (long 5 ioh 8 4. 1. (1(khe 1 1. (2(chinn 1 2. (3 (phue 5 e 5 2. (4(hng 5 l (5(mue 5 j (6(luah 8, juah 8 3. (7(ho 2 4. 53 (8 (long 5 ioh 0 3. (... (1 1. (1(khe 1 1. (2(chinn 1 ( (2 (3 (phue 5 e 5 ( ( (4(hng 5 (3 2. (5(muai 5 ( 2. muai 5, (6(juah 8 luah 8 (7(ho 2 juah 8 be 5, luah 8 3. (8 (long 5 ioh 0 3 moi
58 20015 二 客家族群及客家語的形成 ~ 400 3-2 1. 2. 3. 4. 畲 4 4 畲 36 2 畲 畲 畲
59 3-2 5. (1 300 (2 280-200 50~100 (3 200-100
60 3-3 一 臺灣漢人常見的堂號
61 70-80 (1 3-3 3-4 3-1 (2 (3 4-5 3-3 ( ( ( b ( ( 凃 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ([ ] ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ([ ] ( [ ] ( c
62 3-3 ( ( [ ] ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ([ ] ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( d ( ( ( ( [ ] ( ( ( ( ( [ ] ( ( c ( [ ] ( ( ( ( b c d 1981264-331 19914-8 (1996 3-4 ~ ( (
63 3-4 1 ( ( ( ( ( ( (? ( ( ( ~ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ~ ( ( ( ( 100 ( (
64 4-4 2 ( ( ( ~ ~ ~ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 50 ( ( 20 ( ( ( ( 1996 37 3-5 %9371.5 2519.2 53.8 75.4 13099.9 3-4 5 90.6% 9.4% 1996 5 117 106 11
65 3-3 1. 6 2. 3. 3-6 ( [ ] ( a ( ( c ( d b ( e 6
66 15 a 13(1748 95% (2001 b ( 687 c d e 1980 4-7 a b c ( d ( e ( f ( g h ( ( ( ( [ ] i ( j 1915 ( ( ( (
67 a b c d (1 (2 (3 (4 e 14 f 53 30 6 g 荆 荆 黄 决 荆 h i j 1981264-331 1979 4 1. 2. (1 (2 3.
68 7 4. 二 臺閩人 臺客人庶民文化的比較 畲 8 扌 (ku 7 8 23
69 1987 (1 (2 (tai 7 (koo 5 (chai 7 ; sai 7
70 1990
71 一 臺閩語的語音特色 3-8 3-9 9 9 3,394 1,127 2,267 1990139
72 3-8 2005 8 27 ( king kiong 3-8 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 44 41 21 32 224 41 33 44 kun kún kùn kut kûn kún kun kut TLPAkun 1 kun 2 kun 3 kut 4 kun 5 kun 2 kun 7 kut 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (1 8 7 (2 12345 53 11 200016
73 3-9 24 11 31 55 32 55 fú fu fù fu fuk fuk 53 55 24 11 44 55 22 fù fu fú fu fū fuk fuk 200198-100 2001809 3-10 i er san sih u liou chi pa ciou shih ji( it li( sam su ngoo liok chit pat kiu sip cit nng sann si goo lak chit pueh kau cap cit nng sann si goo lak chit peh kau cap i ngi(liong sam si ng liuk chit pat ciu sihp rhih ngi(liong sam si ng liuk chit pat ciu ship TLPA rh ih ï fl liong liu liuh 二 臺閩語 臺客語 臺國語三方言聲母 韻母之比較 1. 4-11 (IPA b/md/ng/ N dz/š 4 mn N 3 l z 5 š b d g dz 4
74 TLPA b d g j 10 4 (gua ua p t k c 3-11 p h t h k h p t k? b g ts h ts dz m n N l s h z 1995 3-12 ( ( (TLPA b g d( l (TLPA b g d( l (TLPA b g j (TLPA b g j( ( d( ( ( b g j d b (bun 5 v m g (gu 5 ng g j (ji 7 IPA dz d d l IPA l 11 10 bak-khu io-bi lin-goo 11 199762 l (19908-9 199068 d
75 thit 4 to 5 ( ta 1 poo 1 ( din 5 keh 4 lin 5 keh 4 ( chit 4 to 5 ( ca 1 poo 1 ( jin 5 keh 4 ( 2. (IPA t t " í 3-13 ( a ( zh ch sh r z c s (TLPA b z c s ( z c s ( zh ch sh r z c s a IPA ts, ts", s b 3. IPA fl ï 13 12 2001286 13 (1 (2 (3 (cir 2 c 2
76 u i 3-14 ( ( zhi chi shi ri zi ci si (TLPA a ( zi ci si ( zhi chi shi ri zi ci si 4. IPA Ò l C t t " j q x IPA í i 7 7 3-14 j, q, x 4-15 ( ( b p d t g k m n l h j q x f (TLPA p ph t th k kh m n l h ( b p d t g k m n l h f v ( b p d t g k m n l h j q x f v 5. f v f v
77 f f h hu 6. Õn Õng ng n 1. u o u i 3-16 ( ( i u üyu (TLPA i u ( i u ( i u 2. 3-17 ( a ( a e i e u o yu/ü (TLPA a e i o u o ee oo er ir (TLPA a e i o u o ee oo (TLPA a e i o u o ee oo (TLPA a e i o u o ee oo ( a e i e u o ( a e i e u o er a ee oo e o oo o TLPA oo
78 er ir r 14 3. 1/41/8 p t k h 4 p t k h p t k 3 h 15 4. ng n m m n ng m (m u (im in (m mou (im n ng 5. IPA ã ĩ u e õ 16 14 r (ko 3 [k V] (cir 6 [c I](ta 1 (png 3 (buai 2 (cia 8 (ber 5 [bw] (chuan 5 (sam 1 (su 3 (ker 6 [k W] (kere 1 kue 1 (hir 5 [hû] (tir 1 [hû] (ker 6 (ker 2 (khir 3 15? 16 (1 (2
79 6. r qer IPA? 3-18 ( ( ng n r (TLPA ng n m nn h p k t (TLPA ng n m nn h p k t (TLPA ng n m nn h p k t (TLPA ng n m h p k t ( ng n m p k t ( ng n m p k t 1. l am m 7 e 3 bue 3 or be 3 m 7 ai 3 buai 3 (uai n vai (3 (cuan 5 (cuann (ban 2 (bann 2 (kuann 1 (kuan 1
80 e 5 hng 1 eng 5 ca 5 hng 1 cang 5 tit 8 eh 8 leh 8 ( cit 8 eh 8 jeh 8 ( cu 1 ia 7 cia 1 ( ; cu 2 ia 7 cia 5 ( hit 4 ia 7 hia 1 ( ; hi 2 ia 7 hia 5 ( siann 5 lang 0 siang 2 ( ; siann 5 lang 5 siang 5 ( (khi 1 lai 0 khiai 2 (loh 8 lai 0 luai 2 cit 1 tin 0 cin 2 cu 1 tian 2 tsian 2 sio 1 kang 5 siang 5 khi 2 to 5 ui 0 tue 2 hit 1 tin 0 hin 2 hit 8 tian 2 hian 2 e 1 ca 2 khi 2 e 1 -cai 2 ca 1 -boo 2 coo 2 khi 2 to 5 a 0 ta 0 2. 17 (1 HONA hontaß YAMAHA yamahaß (2 1990 ( sann 1 7 gerh 8 sann 1 7 geh 8 sann 1 gueh 0 ( pun 2 5 -lai 5 pun 2 lai 0 ( biau 5 3 -lik 8 biau 5 -lik 0 miau 5 -lik 0 ( cit 8 8 tun 7 cit 1 tin 0 cin 2 ( hit 1 tun 7 hit 1 tin 0 hin 2 17
81 ( siann 5 lang 5 siang 5 siann 5 lang 0 siang 2 to 2 5 ui 7 to 2 1 ui 0 tue 0 ( khi 1 lai 0 khiai 2 khi 1 lai 0 khiai 0 ( loh 4 8 lai 0 luai 2 lok 8 4 lai 0 luai 0 18 (3 -h 8 8 (long 5 7 ioh 8 0 (chann 1 1 geuh 8 0 (im 1 7 gah 8 0 (kim 1 7 giah 8 0 (ioh 8 3 cai 5 (geuh 8 3 te 2 (gah 8 3 ti 7 7 (giah 8 3 soo 3 4 3. o o ou e ee (ei au ao IPA x IPA h 三 臺閩語的變調系統 3-4 3-5 1 44 55 2 53 41 3 21 4 32 5 224 24 6 22 18 ioh vs iok o o 2 luai 2 luai 0
82 7 33 8 44 11 1 la 3 mi la mi 1 5 1 1 1/4 3-4 1. (1 (2 4 (3 1 7 2 1 3 2 5 7 3 7 19 3 (4 A.4 -h ptk 8 2 20 8 19 7 3 7 6 22 6 6 7 3 32 20 4 32 3
83 2001143-159 B.8 4 3 21 3-5 2. (1 (chui 3 3 ta 1 chui 3 2 ta 1 22 (2 A. (tan 5 5 chu 3 0 (tan 5 5 ka 1 0 (cit 4 4 -gue 8 0 (ke 3 3 lang 5 0 B. (cau 3 3 a 1 0 (tan 5 5 e 1 o 21 3 2 21 4 7 33 7 3 6 22
84 3. 1990114-116 (1 178 5 2 2 3-3 sin 1 5 sin 1 7 sin 1 ku 7 5 ku 7 3 ku 7 tit 8 5 tit 8 4 tit 8 (2 234 12 ling 2 1 ling 2 1 ling 2 chau 3 2 chau 3 2 chau 3 kip 4 8 kip 4 8 kip 4 (3 5 1 2 2 ang 5 5 ang 5 3 ang 5 ang 5 5 ang 5 7 ang 5 四 臺閩語次方言間變調的差異 1. 5 5 5 3 5 7 (tai (gi 5 7 (tai 5 3 (gi 5 7 2. 6 22 41 2 24 24 7 3 11 1 7 44 3. 2 23 2 44 6 7 7 6 4. 2 3 2 53 3 2 41
85 51 3-5 5. 五 臺客語的變調系統 24 53 3-9 1. 2. (1 (2 2001xvii 5 7 5 六 綜合比較
86 1. 2. r 3. 4 3 4. r r 5. f v 6. 7. n ng m m m n ng 8.
87 9. 8-10 3-19 3-18 a 3-19 a F D D B A B B G D A A A B A c E B C C B A C D C C C A B B A,B A A,B B B B B B B C B B A r c A B C E A E A A C E A E c A B D B D A B D C D B B A B D,E B B B A A E A B B A C E C B B A B D B b
88