Apache22_Tomcat60_MySQL50_mod_jk

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1 Apache Tomcat MySQL mod_jk 整合在前一篇 Apache 及 Tomcat 的結合 (New window) 的文件中, 說明了使用 mod_jk2 把 Apache 與 Tocmat 相結合的實例最近小弟遇到了主機的擴充案, 重新調整了 Apche 的編譯, 並且使用新版本的 Tomcat Connectors JK 版本來做兩者之間的溝通本篇文章同時也介紹了 Tomcat 6.0 的 MySQL Connection Pool 用法 ( 同時適用於 Tomcat 5.5), 實做中也提及如何測試資料庫的連線此文章與前一篇 Apache 及 Tomcat 的結合 (New window) 並不相容,Tomcat 3 和 Tomcat 5.5 的 Connection Pool 用法已不同 ; 而 mod_jk2 也不再維護,Tomcat 組織以 mod_jk 為主要的發展對像, 所以在這些改變之下, 決定重新寫此篇文件以供大家參考, 若有不明或有誤的地方請大家提出架構使用者在瀏覽網站時, 是對應到 Apache Server, 而 JSP 程式則是放在 Tomcat 主機上, 當然了資料庫也是獨立的使用這種架構可分散網頁檔案與程式之間的損失風險第 1 頁

2 架構設計之初, 應避免把應用伺服器與資料庫伺服器暴露在網路之中, 可以選擇使用內部的虛擬 IP 或防火牆來防止使用者可任意尋找露洞的機會當然了, 安全性的研究不在本次的議題裡, 大家可以參閱查詢相關資料以下 IP 為本次的實例分配 : Apache: (Apache 2.2.9,Tomcat Connector ) Tomcat: (Tomcat ) MySQL: (MySQL ) 第 2 頁

3 Apache 服務要完成整個 Apache 伺服器的設定, 需要下例套件配合 : Sun Java JDK(Java version 1.6.0_06) Apache(httpd 2.2.9) Tomcat(tomcat ) Tomcat Connector(Tomcat Connector ) 以下會逐一說明下載安裝 Apache 下載 Apache 並解壓縮最新版本的 Apache 可以到 Apache 官方網站下載 : root # wget root # tar -jxvf httpd tar.bz2 編譯 httpd 若是採用此方式, 在您的環境中必需要有 gcc 編譯器 root # cd httpd root #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --with-mpm=worker > --enable-cache --enable-file-cache --enable-disk-cache > --enable-mem-cache --enable-mime-magic --enable-headers > --enable-ssl --enable-http --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite > --enable-so --with-suexec-gidmin --with-suexec-logfile root # make root # make install 以上編譯到安裝的過程可能需要一段時間, 結束之後 httpd 會安裝到 /usr/local/httpd 目錄, 使用下例指可以啟動 http 服務, 即可使用瀏覽器聯結 root # /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start 查看 httpd 是否有啟動並設定連接埠 root # ps aux grep httpd; netstat -ntulp grep :80 第 3 頁

4 root ? Ss 18:55 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start daemon ? S 18:55 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start daemon ? Sl 18:55 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start daemon ? Sl 18:55 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start daemon ? Sl 18:55 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start daemon ? Sl 18:57 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start root pts/0 S+ 22:16 0:00 grep httpd tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3021/httpd 下載安裝 Tomcat Sun Java JDK 與 Tomcat Connector Tomcat 可到下載 Tomcat Connector 可到下載, 本例中 Java JDK 是採用 Sun 所發展的 Sun Java JDK, 可至下載 JDK 即可下載 Tomcat Connector root # wget /tomcat-connectors src.tar.gz 下載 Sun Java JDK root # lynx ' ite/en_us/-/usd/verifyitem-start/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin?bundledlineit emuuid=fr9ibe.pedaaaaeaagaocbiq&orderid=ytfibe.pnk8aaaea9_8ocbip&prod uctid=vxzibe.ootiaaaeztrbakqve&filename=/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin' 下載 Tomcat 第 4 頁

5 root # wget Apache Tomcat MySQL mod_jk 整合 tar.gz 搬移檔案至 /opt 目錄 root # mv apache-tomcat tar.gz tomcat-connectors src.tar.gz jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin /opt/ 解壓縮檔案 root # tar -zxvf apache-tomcat tar.gz ; tar -zxvf tomcat-connectors src.tar.gz ; chmod +x jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin 設定與安裝 Tomcat Tomcat Connector 與 Sun Java JDK 安裝 Sun Java JDK root #./jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin Sun Microsystems, Inc. Binary Code License Agreement for the JAVA SE DEVELOPMENT KIT (JDK), VERSION 6 SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED BELOW TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS BINARY CODE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS (COLLECTIVELY "AGREEMENT"). PLEASE READ THE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. BY DOWNLOADING OR INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT. INDICATE ACCEPTANCE BY SELECTING THE "ACCEPT" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY ALL THE TERMS, SELECT THE "DECLINE" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE AGREEMENT AND THE DOWNLOAD OR INSTALL PROCESS WILL NOT CONTINUE. 1. DEFINITIONS. "Software" means the identified above in binary form, any other machine readable materials (including, but not limited to, libraries, source files, header files, and data files), any updates or error 第 5 頁

6 corrections provided by Sun, and any user manuals, Apache Tomcat MySQL mod_jk 整合 programming guides and other documentation provided to you --More-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt file, the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provisions in paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Binary Code License Agreement shall apply to all Software in this distribution. H. Termination for Infringement. Either party may terminate this Agreement immediately should any Software become, or in either party's opinion be likely to become, the subject of a claim of infringement of any intellectual property right. I. Installation and Auto-Update. The Software's installation and auto-update processes transmit a limited amount of data to Sun (or its service provider) about those specific processes to help Sun understand and optimize them. Sun does not associate the data with personally identifiable information. You can find more information about the data Sun collects at For inquiries please contact: Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no] yes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`` Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed. Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits: * Notification of new versions, patches, and updates * Special offers on Sun products, services and training * Access to early releases and documentation Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration 第 6 頁

7 supports a browser, the Sun Product Registration form for the JDK will be presented. If you do not register, none of this information will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation directory) in a browser. For more information on what data Registration collects and how it is managed and used, see: Press Enter to continue... Done. 安裝 Tomcat root # mv apache-tomcat tomcat; mv jdk1.6.0_06/ java 設定環境變數在安裝 mod_jk 之前, 需先設定 tomcat 與 java 的目錄, 可在 /etc/profile 設定 JAVA_HOME=/opt/java CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat CLASSPATH=./:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext:${CATALINA_HOM E}/common/lib export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME CATALINA_BASE CLASSPATH export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${CATALINA_HOME}/bin:${PATH} 設定完成後可使用 source 指令或. 指令讓修改的項目生效 root #. /etc/profile 編譯安裝 mod_jk 完成以上設定後, 即可開始編譯 mod_jk 編譯 mod_jk 第 7 頁

8 root # cd tomcat-connectors src/native/ root #./configure --with-java-home=/opt/java --with-apxs=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs root # make Apache Tomcat MySQL mod_jk 整合安裝 mod_jk.so 至 httpd root # cp apache-2.0/mod_jk.so /usr/local/httpd/lib/ 以上完成編譯安裝之後, 就可以開始設定 apache, 讓 mod_jk 生效 apache 的設定檔在 /usr/local/httpd/conf/ 目錄下設定 Apche 與 mod_jk 編輯 httpd.conf 在 httpd.conf 中加入載入 mod_jk 模組與 mod_jk 設定檔項目 LoadModule jk_module lib/mod_jk.so # mod_jk settings Include conf/mod_jk.conf 在 /usr/local/httpd/conf/ 目錄加入 mod_jk.conf root # touch mod_jk.conf 在 mod_jk.conf 加入以下內容 #setup the workers.properties file path, default prefix path is httpd's home (/usr/local/httpd) JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties JkLogFile /var/log/jk.log JkShmFile /var/log/jk-runtime-status JkLogLevel error JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" # Sample JkMounts. Replace these with the paths you would # like to mount from your JSP server. # syntax: JkMount ${URL_DIR}/*.jsp worker_name 第 8 頁

9 JkMount /project1/*.jsp jsp-ap207 JkMount /project2/*.jsp jsp-ap207 JkMount /project3/*.jsp jsp-ap207 Apache Tomcat MySQL mod_jk 整合增加 conf/workers.properties 檔案 root # touch /usr/local/httpd/conf/workers.properties 設定 workers.properties # BEGIN workers.properties # setting tomcat_home and java_home workers.tomcat_home=/opt/tomcat workers.java_home=/opt/java # worker.list defined worker_name, used by mod_jk.conf worker.list=jsp-ap207 worker.jsp-ap207.port=8009 worker.jsp-ap207.host= worker.jsp-ap207.type=ajp13 worker.jsp-ap207.lbfactor=1 重新啟動 Apache 經過了以上步驟後, 在 Apache 的部份可說是已完成設定 ( 當然細項目份還需要調整 ) 現在可重新啟動 Apache root # /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl stop root # /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start 第 9 頁

10 Tomcat 服務要完成整個 Tomcat 的設定, 需要以下套件配合 Tomcat( Java JDK( jaf ( dex.html) javamail( 下載與安裝 Tomcat Java JDK jaf 與 javamail 下載 Tomcat root # wget tar.gz 下載 Sun Java JDK root # lynx ' ite/en_us/-/usd/verifyitem-start/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin?bundledlineit emuuid=fr9ibe.pedaaaaeaagaocbiq&orderid=ytfibe.pnk8aaaea9_8ocbip&prod uctid=vxzibe.ootiaaaeztrbakqve&filename=/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin' 下載 jaf root # lynx ' ite/en_us/-/usd/verifyitem-start/jaf-1_0_2-upd2.zip?bundledlineitemuu ID=WoRIBe.m5QUAAAEaKzlGV8Li&OrderID=VYdIBe.mwygAAAEaHzlGV8Li&ProductI D=J_vACUFBIFEAAAEYeEo5AXiq&FileName=/jaf-1_0_2-upd2.zip' 下載 javamail root # lynx ' 第 10 頁

11 ite/en_us/-/usd/verifyitem-start/javamail-1_4_1.zip?bundledlineitemuu ID=n7RIBe.mEw8AAAEavaVGV8Lk&OrderID=iOdIBe.mpdYAAAEarqVGV8Lk&ProductI D=3v_ACUFBMTsAAAEYxBQ5AXuF&FileName=/javamail-1_4_1.zip' 解壓縮檔案 root # tar -zxvf apache-tomcat tar.gz ;unzip jaf-1_0_2-upd2.zip ; unzip javamail-1_4_1.zip; chmod +x jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin root #./jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin Sun Microsystems, Inc. Binary Code License Agreement for the JAVA SE DEVELOPMENT KIT (JDK), VERSION 6 SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED BELOW TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS BINARY CODE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS (COLLECTIVELY "AGREEMENT"). PLEASE READ THE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. BY DOWNLOADING OR INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT. INDICATE ACCEPTANCE BY SELECTING THE "ACCEPT" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY ALL THE TERMS, SELECT THE "DECLINE" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE AGREEMENT AND THE DOWNLOAD OR INSTALL PROCESS WILL NOT CONTINUE. 1. DEFINITIONS. "Software" means the identified above in binary form, any other machine readable materials (including, but not limited to, libraries, source files, header files, and data files), any updates or error corrections provided by Sun, and any user manuals, programming guides and other documentation provided to you --More-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt file, the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provisions in paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Binary Code License Agreement shall apply to all Software in this distribution. 第 11 頁

12 H. Termination for Infringement. Either party may terminate this Agreement immediately should any Software become, or in either party's opinion be likely to become, the subject of a claim of infringement of any intellectual property right. I. Installation and Auto-Update. The Software's installation and auto-update processes transmit a limited amount of data to Sun (or its service provider) about those specific processes to help Sun understand and optimize them. Sun does not associate the data with personally identifiable information. You can find more information about the data Sun collects at For inquiries please contact: Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no] yes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`` Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed. Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits: * Notification of new versions, patches, and updates * Special offers on Sun products, services and training * Access to early releases and documentation Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration supports a browser, the Sun Product Registration form for the JDK will be presented. If you do not register, none of this information will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation directory) in a browser. For more information on what data Registration collects and how it is managed and used, see: 第 12 頁

13 Press Enter to continue... Done. 將檔案移動到 /opt 目錄 root # mv apache-tomcat /opt/tomcat; mv jaf-1.0.2/ /opt/jaf; mv javamail-1.4.1/ /opt/javamail; mv jdk1.6.0_06/ /opt/java 以上過程會把 Tomcat jaf javamail 與 Sun Java JDK 安裝完成, 現在必需設定系統變數才可使 tomcat 順利啟動編輯 /etc/profile 檔案, 並加入以下設定 JAVA_HOME=/opt/java CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat CLASSPATH=./:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext:${CATALINA_HOM E}/common/lib:/opt/javamail/mail.jar:/opt/jaf/activation.jar export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME CATALINA_BASE CLASSPATH export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${CATALINA_HOME}/bin:${PATH} 完整的設定 /etc/profile 之後執行下列指令可立即生效 root #. /etc/profile 完成以上項目後, 即可開始設定 tomcat, 讓 tomcat 接受處理 Apache 的請求設定 tomcat 以下說明的 tomcat 設定檔均指 /opt/tomcat/conf/server.xml 檔案, 若您的 tomcat 安裝在不同路徑請自行更改處理 Apache 所指示的檔案, 需要 tomcat 的配合, 預設 tomcat 開啟 8009 連接埠的請求, 因此只需要設定虛擬目錄即可第 13 頁

14 設定目錄, 設定時先先定議一個虛擬網站, 再設定虛擬目錄, 虛擬網站由 <Host></Host> 的 xml 標籤所包含, 而目錄是以 <Context></Context> 所包含, 其格式如下 : <Engine> <Host attrs...> <Context attrs...> </Context> </Host> </Engine> server.xml 修改過後的樣式如下 : <Host name=" " debug="0" appbase="/default" unpackwars="true" autodeploy="true"> <Context path="/project1" docbase="/projects/project1" debug="5" reloadable="true" crosscontext="true"> </Context> </Host> 以上 <Context> 標籤裡的 path 屬性是指 URL 的路徑, 實際對應的目錄為 /projects/project1/ 設定完成後, 請先行建立 /projects/project1/ 目錄 root # mkdir -p "/projects/project1"; cd /projects/project1 啟動 tomcat 服務 root # /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /opt/java 測試完成了以上 Apache 與 Tomcat 的設定, 現在可進行測試, 請先在 Tomcat 主機上的 /projects/project1/ 建立一個 hello.jsp 程式, 內容如下 <%@ page contenttype="text/html;charset=big5" %> <% String str1="hello World!"; 第 14 頁

15 out.println(str1); %> hello.jsp 程式可點選此處下載現在, 開啟您的瀏覽器, 輸入網址第 15 頁

16 MySQL 設定 MySQL 設定的方式很簡單, 基乎不需要任何的設定, 只要確定可以連線到資料庫即可在 Tomcat 伺服器上, 測試 MySQL 連線方如下 : steven $ mysql -u steven -p -h Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 443 to server version: log Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer. mysql> 以上若可順利連線到 MySQL 主機則表示成功若是連線失敗, 請檢查防火牆設定與 MySQL 是否有啟動安裝 MySQL Connection/J 要使 tomcat 與 MySQL 可以做資源聯結, 需要有 MySQL Connector/J 的配合才行, 可到 MySQL 網站 ( 中下載本文編寫時, 最新版本的 Connector/J 為版 root # lynx ' tar.gz/from/ root # tar -zxvf mysql-connector-java tar.gz 下載完後, 把 mysql-connector-java bin.jar 複製到 /opt/tomcat/common/lib/ 裡即可 root # cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.6/mysql-connector-java bin.jar /opt/tomcat/common/lib/ 編輯 Tomcat 設定檔第 16 頁

17 設定 Tomcat Database Connection Pool 的方式很簡單, 只要在目錄裡加上 <Resource></Resource> 標籤即可, 使用的方式如下 : <Engine> <Host attrs...> <Context attrs...> <Resource attrs... /> </Context> </Host> </Engine> 把 <Resource> 標籤放在 <Context> 裡, 則此目錄的程式都可以引用在此設定的資料庫連線資源, 以下為實際修改方式 : <Host name=" " debug="0" appbase="/default" unpackwars="true" autodeploy="true"> <Context path="/project1" docbase="/projects/project1" debug="5" reloadable="true" crosscontext="true"> <Resource name="jdbc/project1" auth="container" type="javax.sql.datasource" maxactive="100" maxidle="30" maxwait="10000" username="steven" password="pass" driverclassname="com.mysql.jdbc.driver" url="jdbc:mysql:// :3306/project1?autoreconnect=true"/> </Context> </Host> 在 <Resource> 標籤裡的 name 是指資料庫資源名稱,username 與 password 為連線的帳號與密碼, 而 url 裡設定了所要連結的資料庫主機與資料庫名稱當然您必需把 project1 這個資料庫先建立起來並設定 steven 帳號可以存取才行注意 : 您可以同時設定多個 Resource 資源, 只要 name 不重複即可設定完成後, 需重新啟動 tomcat 伺服器閉關 tomcat 第 17 頁

18 root # /opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat /opt/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /opt/java Apache Tomcat MySQL mod_jk 整合啟動 tomcat root # /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /opt/java 測試 JSP 連線請在 /projects/project1/ 裡建立 db_test.jsp, 而 db_test.jsp 的內容如下 : <%@ page import="java.sql.*"%> <%@ page import="javax.sql.*"%> <%@ page import="javax.naming.*"%> <%@ page session="false" %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=big5"> <title>test of mysql connection pool</title> </head> <body> <% out.print("start<br/>"); try{ Context initctx = new InitialContext(); Context ctx = (Context) initctx.lookup("java:comp/env"); Object obj = (Object) ctx.lookup("jdbc/project1"); javax.sql.datasource ds = (javax.sql.datasource)obj; Connection conn = ds.getconnection(); out.print("mysql connection pool runs perfectly!"); conn.close(); } catch(exception ex){ 第 18 頁

19 out.print(ex.getmessage()); ex.printstacktrace(); } %> </body> </html> 請注意, 以上 jsp 裡 ctx.lookup 裡所指定的 jdbc 為 tomcat 設定檔裡的 <Resource> 名稱, 與 name 屬性相對應以上 db_test.jsp 可以點選此處下載開啟瀏覽器, 輸入測試程式的網址, 若是連線成功則會出現 mysql connection pool runs perfectly! 字樣 For more articles, please visit 作者 : 廖子儀 (Tzu-Yi Liao) Certified:LPIC Level I LPIC Level II RHCE [email protected] Web site:steven's Linux Note ( 第 19 頁

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WebSphere Studio Application Developer IBM Portal Toolkit... 1/21 WebSphere Studio Application Developer IBM Portal Toolkit Portlet Doug Phillips ([email protected]),, IBM Developer Technical Support Center