3 + Sharing economy + Uber Lyft BlaBlaCar Zipcar Car2Go P2P Peer to Peer See SARAH CANNON & LAWRENCE H. SUMMERS HOW UBER AND THE

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2 3 + Sharing economy + Uber Lyft BlaBlaCar Zipcar Car2Go P2P Peer to Peer See SARAH CANNON & LAWRENCE H. SUMMERS HOW UBER AND THE SHARING ECONOMY CAN WIN OVER REGULATORS at http / /blogs. hbr. org /2014 /10 /how uber andthe sharing economy can win over regulators Last visited on Oct collaborative consumption collaborative economy peer economy See RACHEL BOTSMAN THE SHARING ECONOMY LACKS A SHARED DEFINITION at http / /www. fastcoexist. com / /the sharing economy lacks ashared definition Last visited on Nov ANDREW LEONARD SHARING ECONOMY SHAMS DECEPTION AT THE CORE OF THE INTERNET S HOTTEST BUSINESSES at http / /www. salon. com /2014 /03 /14 /sharing economy shams deception at the core of the internets hottest businesses Last visited on Mar See Steven C. Hackett Heterogeneities Information and Conflict Resolution Experimental Evidence on Sharing Contracts 6 J. THEORETICAL POL

3 Uber Uber 瑏瑠 8 9 瑏瑠 See Amy Kristin Sanders & Natalie Christine Olsen Re-Defining Defamation Psychological Sense of Community in the Age of the Internet 17 COMM. L. & POL Y Uber 14 Uber IT O2O

4 瑏瑡瑏瑢瑏瑡瑏瑢 See David Schleicher The City as a Law and Economic Subject 2010 U. ILL. L. REV See MICHELLE REGNER HOW THE WORLD S BIGGEST BRANDS CAME TO LOVE THE SHARING ECONOMY at http / /www. virgin. com /entrepreneur /how the worlds biggestbrands came to love the sharing economy Last visited on June

5 April Rinne 13 瑏瑣瑏瑤 GPS 瑏瑣瑏瑤 See APRIL RINNE HOW SHAREABLE IS YOUR CITY at http / /www. collaborativeconsumption. com /2013 /10 /25 /how shareable is your city Last visited on Oct

6 瑏瑥瑏瑦瑏瑥瑏瑦 See Adam Fish et al. Birds of the Internet Towards a Field Guide to the Organization and Governance of Participation 4 J. CULTURAL ECON See Gary Bolton Ben Greiner & Axel Ockenfels Engineering Trust Reciprocity in the Production of Reputation Information 59 MGMT. SCI

7 瑏瑧瑏瑧 Uber Uber 292

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9 其在电子合同中提出的所有条款, 从而构成了实质上的双方代理关系瑏瑨专车司机与乘客之间缔结运输合同的前提是与专车公司缔结代理合同, 并且接受专车公司单方提出的各项条件专车司机要想进入平台就要接受并满足其单方提供的合同中对车辆新旧价格保险责任以及司机驾龄等方面的条件 ; 乘客要获得平台服务也必须接受其在合同中对价格合同履行违约责任等方面的条件此外, 平台公司还设计了专门的处罚条款保障双方履行合同和进行适时监管因此, 共享公司也是以供需双方为相对人的交易一方, 而不是单纯的居间方这一点也是专车第一案这类个案中容易引起被处罚的专车司机不服的重要原因, 因为在他们看来专车软件公司也应该受罚这个问题还关系到各类民事案件的责任分担问题和消费者的权益保障问题此外, 共享公司对供需双方强大既有监管能力和履约保证能力, 也可能利用其在交易结构中的优势地位滥用权力为了克服共享公司的这些问题, 地方政府在构建监管制度时, 应该与共享公司形成既合作又监管的关系, 合作监管与自律相结合成为混合规制模式的基础第三, 具体交易责任合理分担专车公司通过提供交易平台, 把供方分散的商品和服务聚集起来, 同时也把需方暂时性和分散的需求集合在一起, 并按照就近原则和供需方接受其条件下的意愿进行组合, 供需双方实现了前所未有的完美结合, 实现了共享经济的巨大收益但是, 任何交易都可能隐藏着未知风险, 如何分配法律风险和责任将对这一完美组合方式产生极其重要的影响总体上, 三方主体的法律风险可以组合为四类 : 相对人之间违法违约第三人侵权政策风险不可抗力其一, 平台公司与供需双方的法律责任与风险分担在这对法律关系中, 平台公司对供方具有完全的支付法律责任但是, 如果平台公司出现因违法或经营困难导致财产被查封扣押冻结公司破产或经营者个人犯罪危及公司财产安全等情况, 商品或服务供应方应得报酬以及需方预存平台公司的资金都难以从平台公司按期获得支付或返还瑏瑩既有的法律风险和责任分担办法难有实际救济效果, 如果没有相应的治理办法, 供需双方将处于严重不利地位, 地方政府也可能面临较重的维稳压力法律风险和责任该如何分担呢? 自力救济或司法的矫正正义没有多大实际意义, 这需要政府从分配正义的角度预先建立相应的保险和监管机制其二, 供需双方发生违约或侵权的法律责任与风险分担由于平台公司在供需双方缔结合同前已分别签订了合约, 对违约制裁和方式都有平台公司作保障, 没有太多探讨必要性但对于双方发生侵权行为的法瑏瑨瑏瑩该行为不应当一律无效, 只要委托法律关系中当事人接受, 且受托人不滥用代理权, 应该予以允许多数国家 ( 地区 ) 对自己代理行为采取例外准许原则, 如德国民法典第 181 条规定 : 代理人无特别许可, 不得以本人名义与自己为法律行为, 亦不得为第三人之代理与本人为法律行为 ; 但法律行为系属专以债务为目的者, 不在此限日本民法典第 108 条规定 : 无论何人, 不得就同一法律行为, 为其相对人之代理人或为双方当事人之代理人 ; 但债务之履行不在此限我国台湾地区民法典第 106 条规定 : 代理人非经本人之许诺, 不得为本人与自己之法律行为, 亦不得既为第三人之代理人, 而为本人与第三人之法律行为但其法律行为, 系属专履行债务者, 不在此限虽然这种情形比较极端, 但即便正常的公司经营, 也难以避免, 加之供需方往往人数众多, 其负面影响会远远大于一般公司 294

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11 Uber Lyft BlaBlaCar Zipcar Car2Go + Winner-Takes-All 瑐瑡瑐瑡 See J. B. WOGAN HOW WILL THE SHARING ECONOMY CHANGE THE WAYS CITIES FUNCTION at http / /www. governing. com /topics /urban /gov how sharing economy will change cities. html Last visited on Oct

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13 瑐瑣 + + 瑐瑣

14 瑐瑤瑐瑥瑐瑦瑐瑧瑐瑨瑐瑩瑑瑠瑐瑤瑐瑥瑐瑦瑐瑧瑐瑨瑐瑩瑑瑠 See Andrew P. Morriss Bruce Yandel & Andrew Dorchak Choosing How to Regulate 29 HARV. ENVTL. L. REV See Jody Freeman The Private Role in Public Governance 75 N. Y. U. L. REV

15 瑑瑡瑑瑢瑑瑣瑑瑤瑑瑡瑑瑢瑑瑣瑑瑤 See Heather Jarvis & Wei Xu Comparative Analysis of Air Pollution Trading in the United States and China 36 ENVTL. L. REV See Jody Freeman Collaborative Governance in the Administrative State 45 UCLA L. REV See Colin Scott Private Regulation of the Public Sector A Neglected Facet of Contemporary Governance 29 J. L. AND SOC Y See Florian Saurwein Regulatory Choice for Alternative Modes of Regulation How Context Matters 33 L. & POL Y

17 瑑瑥 Abstract In essence the specialcar phenomenon is a type of sharing economy which has caused great impact to the traditional taxi industry. There are several attitudes to the special car among the domestic and foreign governments. The traditional taxi industry resisted strongly to it. However the special car has a shine future and cannot be banned. The mixed regulation mode fits the Sharing economy So that the society and consumers can get more benefits. At the same time local governments can promote redistribution of social wealth and social public service. The mixed regulation mode is composed of cooperative regulatory and self-regulatory which is determined by the operating mechanism of Sharing economy and the legal structure of the S haring company. Local governments are important roles to the mode. 瑑瑥 Uber 302

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