Intranet 10Gbps L3 L4 VLAN ATMIntranet,,,,, ( CIP) / :, ISBN T P393 CIP ( 2003) : : : : : /

Transcription

1 2 ) Publishing House of Electronics Industry BEIJING

2 Intranet 10Gbps L3 L4 VLAN ATMIntranet,,,,, ( CIP) / :, ISBN T P393 CIP ( 2003) : : : : : / 16 :24.75 : 637 : : : 34.00,,, : (010) zlts@phei.com.cn,dbqq@phei.com.cn

3 2000,,,, 2, 10Gbps ; 2 ; 1 L3 M PLS, L4 1, 2 :,,, LAN Intranet,, ( 1Gbps 10Gbps ), ( FDDI) ( L3 LA N ATM ), Intranet, 4864, : 3, ( ) ; OSPF ATM I POA M POA L3 L4 15 WW W ; ; 15 ; 15, Intranet, 1, 2, 3, 413, Intranet,,,,,

4 ISO/ OSI TCP/ IP IEE E FDDI / / 52

5 (802.2 ) LLC L LC L LC DL-DAT A- ACK DL-REPLY MAC A RQ NAR Q LLC L LC

6 10Mbps IEEE CSMA/ CD Base BaseT BaseT BaseT BaseT BaseF Mbp s / 100Mbps Base T/ FL Gbps Gbps Gbps PHY BaseX BaseT Gbps

7 Gbps Gbps Gbps Gbps EPO N IEE E802.3ah E PON IEE E802.3ah E PON E PON 166

8 FDDI MAC MAC ( FDDI ) FDDI MAC FDDI FDDI ( IG P ) RIP ( Routing Information Protocol ) OSPF ( ATM) ATM ATM A TM 217

9 ATM ATM ATM ATM ATM ATM A TM IP IPOA IPOA IPOA A TM LAN LAN LAN LAN LAN ( VLAN : Virtual LAN) M POA (A TM : Multi-P rotocol Over ATM) MPOA MPOA MPOA MPOA MPOA L3 L L L L Com FastIP Cisco NetFlow L Cisco M PLS MPLS MPLS L L2/ L L L4 268

10 VLAN VLA N VLA N VLAN MAC IP VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN / ATM ( MPOA) VLAN VLAN IEEE MAC IE EE b Intranet Internet/ Intranet Internet/ Intranet 302

11 Internet Intranet B/ S B/ S B/ S Web B/ S B/ S Intranet Intranet Intranet Intranet Intranet WW W H T T P H T T P H T T P H T T P H T T P WW W SGML H T ML XML VRML Web CGI API JDBC API Plug-In Web (DNS ) Intranet Internet

12 Internet ( MIME) Internet A ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10

13 1.1,,, :,, ( ),, (- ), ,, -, 1.1.1,,,,,,, (, ), ; ;,,, () 1

14 .1.2, ; ; ( ),,, : () ;, : ;,, 1. ( Broadcast Net work),, ( Packet),,,,,, ( Broadcasting), ( Multicasting ), n - 1, ( Point-to- Point Network ),,,,, 2.,, (), 3. ( Local Area Network ) LA N,,, ( ) LAN,,, (), LA N LA N,,, (Internet ), 2

15 Metropolitan Area Networ k) MAN, LAN, LA N, 1Gbps, 10100kmMA N, IEEE802.6 MAN, DQDB ( Distributed Queue Dual Bus ) ( ), 1-2, ( H ead-end ),, MAN, IEEE802.6,, 1-2 DQDB ( Wide Area Network ), WAN, 1-3 ( H ost ), ( End System ) ( Communication Sub Net), :, ( ) 1-3,,,,,,, : ( Packet Switching Node ) ( Inter mediat e System ) ( Data Switching Exchange)( Router ) 1-3, LA N 3

16 WAN,,,,,, ( Point-to- Point) ( Store-and-Forward ) ( Packet-Switched), AT M,, (53 ), ( Cell) 1.2,,,,, (, ) (, ), ( ), :,,,, , ( )( ), ; ;, 4

17 ., , m g, g( t) g( t),, s( t) (,, ), s ( t) s( t)s ( t) g ( t), g( t), m : m m,,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), : s( t) = sin2f t + 1/ 3sin3( 2f t) + 1/ 5sin5( 2f t) ( 1.1) f,3 f,5 f, ( ), s( f ), 1-6( a), (1.1 ), s( f ) 5

18 , 1-6 (a) 4 f 1-6 ( b) 1-6 ( b),, 04/ T,,,,,, :, H H z S/ N, : Hlog2( 1 + S/ N ) ( bps) :, 3 kh z, 30dB, 3k log2 ( ) ( S/ N = 1000) , / ( ), ( ) s( t), s( t), :,, ( ),,, fc 1., : 0, 1, 1-7 0( NRZ),,, NRZ, 1-5, NRZ g( t), s( t) 2 6

19 , ( ) : ( ASK ) ( FSK ) ( PSK), ASK, 0,, : s( t) = Acos (2f c t + c ) : Acos (2f c t + c ) 0 FSK, : 1 0 7

20 s t) = Acos (2 f 1 t + 1 ) Acos (2f 2 t + 2 ) 1 0,, 10, 1-9 (c), 0 1, = 0 0, = ( ), ; ,, 2,,,, 0 ; 180, 1 3.,, : NRZ,, g( t) g( t), g( t) ASK PSK FSK,, ASK, , ( PCM) PCM :f ( t),,, f ( t) 4k H z, 8000 B, 2 B,, P AM, 1-11( b) T 1-11( c), PAM 3, 2 3 = 8 P AM, PCM :, PAM, ( PAM ), PAM, ( PCM ), PCM ( ), (DM ) DM,, ( ), 1-12 (a),,, 1, ( b ) DM, 8

21 -11 PCM DM 1-12 DM 128 ( 128 ) 7bit ( 2 7 = 128), PCM 4kH z, 8000, PCM 80007bps = 56 kbps, PCM, DM 4., m( t) fc, fc s( t),, ( ), (),,,,,, : 9

22 ,,, ( ),,,,,, : 1), ( 5 8 ),,,,, ( :, 50%, 0.05, 10,,,,,,, ), 23,, 2),, 8 16,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, :,,,,, ;, 1.2.5,, 10

23 ,,,, , ( MUX), ;, ( ), : FDM ( Frequency Division Multiplexing) TDM ( T ime Division Multiplexing) 1. ( FDM),,,,, ( ),, ( ), ( CATV ) FDM, ( ), (),,, 2. ( TDM),, (, Slot Time),, TDM,,, TDM 1),, ( ),,, (),,,,,, 11

24 ,, S TDM, ( ATDM) 2) S TDM( Statistical Time Division Multiplexing) ITDM( Int elligent Time Division Multiplexing),, A TDM ( ) (), ( )28.8Kbps,,, 9600bp s; ITDM, 28.8Kbps 1.2.6, : ( ) ( ), 1. ( Circuit Switching ), ( ),, ( ),,, 1-14 : : ( ), : A, D, A 4,, A 4, 4 4-1, 4-5, 4-7, 4-5, 4 A-4 4-5,, , D, 12

25 A D A D :, A D, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 2. ( Message Switching) (),,,,,,,,,, ( Store and Forward ),,, /,,,,,, 1-14, A E, A 4; 4 5 (7) ; 5 (7),, 6 ; 6 E,,,, : A E, 4, 5, 6 4, 7, 6,,, 13

26 ,,, : /, /,,,,,,, 3. ( Packet Switching ) /,, ( Packet),, A C,, 4 : 1),, A ( P1, P2, P3 ), 4, 4, P1 5, P2 1, P3 5, 4,,, 2 2, 2, C, (Datagram) 2),,, :, ( ),,, /, :,, ;,,,,,, 14

27 : ( Virtual Circuit) (Datagram) 4., AT M ATM ( ),,, AT M, 1.2.7,,, :,,,, :,,,, 50km,,,, ,,,,,, 1., ( Layer ) ( Level), 15

28 ,,, n n n ( Protocol) 1-15 n ( Peer ), 1-15, n n,, ( Physical Medium ), 1-15,,,,,, ( ), ( N etwork Architecture),,,,,, ( P rotocol Stack) : M, 4 4 ( Header), 3,, 4, 16, 4, 3,

29 ( ), 3, M, M1 M2 3, 2 2,, 1, 1, n n 1-16,, 4, 4, 3 4,,, n,,,, ( ) 2.,,,,,,,,,, 17

30 ,,,, ;, :,,, ( Multiplexing) ( Demultiplexing),,,,, 3. ( Entity ) ( ), (/ ) ( Peer Entity) n n + 1, n ( Service P rovider ), n + 1 ( Service U ser )n n - 1 SA P ( Service Access Point) n SAP n + 1 n SAP,, n + 1 SA P ( 1-17 ) ID U ( Interface Data Unit) n IDU SDU( Service Da ta U nit ) SDU, n + 1 ( SD U ), SDU, n SDU, PDU( P rotocol Data Unit) PDUPDU PDU, PDU, 18 4.,

31 -17 n + 1 n ( Connection-Oriented Service),,,,,,,, :,, ( Con nectionless Service) ( ),,,,,, ( Quality of Service),,,,, 1KB, 1KB, 2KB,, 2KB, 2KB, 1KB, 2048,,,,,,,,,,,,? ;,, ( ) (Datagram Service), 19

32 ,,, ( Acknowledged Datagram Service),, ( Request-Reply Service),, - :, ( Primitive) () ,, ( CO NNECT.request), ( CON- NECT.indica tion), ( CO NNECT.respon se), ( CO NNECT.cofirm),,, ( Negotia tion),, 20,

33 ,, ( Confirmed)( Unconfirmed) CON NECT,,,, : CON NEC T.request : CON NEC T.indication: CON NEC T.response: CON NEC T.confir m: DATA.request : DATA.indication: DISCON NEC T.request: DISCON NEC T.indication: /, CONNECT ( ), DISCO NNECT () 6.,, ( ),,,,,,,, ISO/ OSI OSI 1-18 ( )( ISO), ( Day Zimmermann, 1983 ) ISO/ OSI ( Open Sy stem Intercon nection reference model), ( ), OSI OSI, : 21

34 ,, 1-18 OSI, OSI, OSI,,, ISO,, 1. ( Physical Layer) 1, 10 1, 0 ; ; ;, ;, 2. (Data Link Layer ), (Data Frame) ( ),, ( Acknowledgement F rame),,, 22

35 ,,,, (),,, A B B A ( Piggybacking),, 3. ( Networ k Layer),,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,, 4. ( Transport Layer),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23

36 ,,,, 1-20,13, 47,, ( 1-16 H4 ),,,, ( Flow Control), ( ), 5. ( Session Layer ) ( session),,,,,, ( Token Management ),,, ( Synchronization),?,,,,, 6. ( Presentation Layer),,,,,,, (ASCII Unicode) ( ),,, 24

37 . ( Application Layer),,, ( Network Virtual Terminal),,,,,,, 8. OSI 1-19 OSI,,, A H ( ),,,, A H( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TCP/ IP TCP/ IP ( T ransmission Control Protocol/ Int ernet Protocol, / ) ARPA NE T, TCP IP, TCP/ IP, TCP/ IP, TCP/ IP () TCP/ I P ISO,,, T CP/ IP, ISO OSI, TCP/ IP TCP/ IP OSI SN A 25

38 -19 OSI, 1. TCP/ IP TCP/ IP, OSI TCP/ IP 26

39 1), TCP/ IP : ( Telnet ) ( FT P) ( SMTP) DNS(Domain Name Service)NNTP HTT P, FT P DNS HTT P Internet ( homepage), ) ( T CP ),, 1-22 TCP,, TCP TCP, UDP ( User Da tagram Protocol), T CP ( ), 3) I P (),, IP, IP (Internet P rotocol), IP, + IP,,,, I P, TCP/ IP : I P ICM P (Internet Control Message P rotocol) IGM P ( Inter net Group Management P rotocol) ARP ( Address Resolution P rotocol) RARP ( Rever se Address Resolution P rotocol) IP ) + TCP/ IP,, SA TNE T ARP ANET LA N OSI, T CP/ IP OSI, TCP/ I P :, OSI 27

40 -21 TCP/ IP 2. I P I P : I P,,,, T CP 1) I P IP IP, IP 20 IP, ( Data-gram),,,, IP 65535,,, IP,,,,,, ( Fragement), ( MT U), 1500, X.25 MT U 128, MT U I P D F M F IP IP I P 1-22 IP I P IP, 4bit,, 4, IPv4 28

41 , 4, 32, ( 20, )4 15, 60, 40,, 40,, 8, 3 ( ),,7,0, 4, 5, 6 1,,, 16, I P,, 65535, IP IP,,, IP, ( ) 16,,, ( Fragment),,, 2 1 DF, ( )MF 1, ; 0, 13, 8, ( 65536/ 8 ), ( ), 8, ( ), 255s,, 0,, 8 ( 1 ),, 6 TCP,7 UDP Internet, RFC 1700, 16, :, IP IP, ( ) 4, 40, 0I P,, 1-3,, ( I P,?) 29

42 -3 IP IP IP I P,,, (),,, I P, ARPA NET, 9, 40 (? IP 32,9 IP 36, 4,2 3 = 8 < 9,2 4 = 16 > 9) Int ernet,, I P,, 2) I P TCP/ I P I P,,,, MAC Internet, I P, Internet, (NIC )Internet IP, IP IP 32,,,, : I P , :, IP 32, IP,, IP IP IP IPv4, Internet I P, I P , IP,, IP A 0, 7, 24, 2 7, 2 24, A ; B 2 10, 14, 16, 2 14, 2 1 6, B ; C 3 110, 21, 8, 2 2 1,

43 -23 IP, I P,, : , 0 1, A 126, A 2 24 C, 3) ( Subnet) - 2 B A B,,,, , B,, , , , , (0 1, 1 0 )1-24 B 1-24 B, I P = + IP = + +,,?, IP,, 31

44 2, : 1 I P, 0 IP IP, IP,, IP, IP ,, , : I P , , : IP,, : 1, 0, A : ; B : ; C : ) I P I P,,, I P,, IP, IP IP IP I P, IP, 0,,,,, ( ), : IP,,, ( ), ( ), IP, 5) I Pv6 I Pv6 I P, IPv4 I Pv4, IPv6 I Pv6 128, IPv IPv6, IPv6 IP ; IPv6 IP, 13 7,,, I Pv4, ( ) IPv6 I Pv4, I Pv4 I Pv6, I Pv6,, : RSVP ( ) R T P (,, U DP ), IPv4 IPv6, IPv6 IPv4 32

45 . ICMP ICMP IP,,,, ICM P ( ),,, ICMP IP, IP ICMP, ICM P ICMPIP ICM P ( ICMP ) ICMP IP, ICMP ICM P,,, ICM P 1-29 ICMP 1-4 ICMP 0, : 3 4, 5, 11, , 1, ICMP, 0, 1, 2, IP, ICMP ICMP, I P ICM P IP,, ICMP 4. IGMP TCP/ I P : ( Unicast Delivery) ( Broadcast Delivery) ( ) :,, n, n - 1, n 33

46 ,,, IP, ( Multicast Addressing ) (D ),,, (),, ( Multicast Delivery), I P,,,,,,,,, Inter net ( Internet Group Management P rotocol), IGMP IGMP :,,,, Internet,,,,,, 1) IGMP IGMP, IGM P (1 ), ; IGMP (2 ),, 0, ( 0 ) 1-26 IGMP IGMP,,,,, 2), IGM P,,, IGM P,, 1,, 1;, 1 0,, 34 3) IGMP,

47 n n :,,, IGM P : IGMP, IGMP IGM P, IGMP,, n, n IGM P 0 10 s IGMP, IGM P,,,, 5. ARP RARP ARP, I P, RARP IP ( H ub ), ( MAC ) MAC IEEE , 2 48 MAC, IP ARP RARP TCP/ IP, ARP RARP 1-27, ( ), FDDI A TM X.25, 1 ARP, 2 ARP, 3 RARP,4 RARP M AC IP MAC ( N, 0 ) IP ( M, 0) MAC ( N, 0) IP ( M, 0 ) 1-27 A RP RAR P ARP : I P, ARP IP MAC, MAC ;, ARP MAC,, 35

48 I P I P MAC ARP,,, MAC I P, MAC, RA RP ARP, RARP, IP, MAC RARP, I P, RARP,, I P 6. UDP UDP,, TCP, IP, UDP, ( ) 1-28 U DP,, UDP, UDP,, UDP 7. TCP TCP,, U DP TCP, T CP,, T CP ( Segment ),, TCP ( PAR, Positive Acknowledgement with Re-transmission), TCP, T CP, T CP,,,, TCP

49 -29 TCP 8. TCP/ IP TCP/ IP, DNS Telnet SM T P F T P,,, 1) DNS 32 IP,,,, IP -,,,, TCP/ IP DNS (Domain Name Syst em), IP, DNS,, DNS,,, (Domain),,, cn edu.cn gzu.edu.cn,,,gzu. edu.cnedu.cn, tsinghua, tsingh ua.edu.cngzu.edu. cn comp, comp.gzu.edu.cn IP, DNS ( Name Resolver ),,, DNS,,,,, 37

50 ) Telnet Rlogin T CP/ IP Rlogin Telnet, Telnet,,, Rlogin U NIX,, Telnet Telnet,, Telnet?,, N VTP ( Networ k Virtual Terminal P rotocol), NVTP 3) SMT P SMT P ( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol),, SM T P, (User Agent),, MT A( Message Transfer Agent), M TA MTA TCP, M TA 4) F T P,, F T P,, F T P, TCP :, F T P ; ,,,,,,, :,, ( LSI ) ( VLSI ), :,,,, 38

51 1.4.2, IEEE IEEE802, ANSI X3 ISO, ITU- T 1. ( ISO) ( Interna tional Organization for Standardiza tion, ISO), ISO, 70% ISO,, ANSI ISO 1946, 5 000,,, ISO 97 ( TC97) ISO, T C97, SC6 SC21 ( 1-5 )OSI, ISO, (,, ) 1-5 OSI ISO/ TC97 (SC) (WG) SC6 W G1 W G2 W G3 W G4 W G4 SC21 W G1 W G3 W G4 W G5 W G6 1 4 OSI OSI OSI ( TC),, ( WG), ( DP ) DP,, DP ISO, 39

52 TC DP, ISO,, ( DIS) DIS DIS T C 75%, DIS,, DIS DIS, ISO ISO DIS (IS ) ISO IS,,, ISO 2. ( ANSI) X.3 A NSI ANSI, ISO A NSI, A NSI A NSI ( IEEE ), ( ASC ), A NSI ( ASC X3 ) ASC X3 ( CBEMA ) CBEMA, ASC X3 A NSI ISO/ T C97 ( TA G) ASC X3 41 ( TC ), ANSI, 3. IEEE IEEE ( Institute of E lectrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE ), IEEE, IEEE IEEE A NSI, ANSI IEEE IEEE IEEE, IEEE A NSI, IEEE,, ASC X3 40

53 . IT U-T IT U( ),, ITU-T IT U-T CCI TT (),,, X, V, G H ( X.25, V.24, G703 H323), IT U-T,, ( AT & T, GTE ),, 41

54 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2.1,, ( ),,,,, (),,, ( ),,,,,,, : :, ( ),,,, 10Mbps, 1Gbps ;, 42

55 IEEE802,,, OSI,,,, (,, ), OSI, 1, 2,, 3,,,, 2 2, 3,, 3, IEEE802, OSI, : ( SA P )SAP, 2, IEEE802 ( LLC), ( MAC) 43

56 2 LLC,, MAC,,, : / / ( ) / OSI, IEEE802,, MAC LLC,, 2.2.2, ( W here) ( H ow),,,,,, :, :,,, :,,,,, ( ), 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 44 2),,

57 TDM), 3),,,,,,,,,, 2.2.3, LLC, : ; MAC ; ( ), ( ), MAC 2-2 :, ; ( HDLC ),, 3; 2 :, : :,,,,, ;, ( SA P ), 2-3,,, A 45

58 X C X A C X SAP, C SA P1 (C, C SAP ), A ( A.1 ) ( C.1) C C,, A LLC X ( A.1) ( C.1 ), ( A.1), ( C.1) [ ( C.1 ),, ], C, ( A.1 ),, Y ( A.2), ( B.1 ), A ( A.3) 2-3,, : ( ) ( ) LLC,, :,,,, ; ( ),, 46

59 ,,, 2-4, LLC MAC LLC, LLC ( L H ) LLC LLC LLC LLC ( PDU )LLC PDU, MAC MAC ( MH ) ( M T ) MAC, MAC PDU LLC PDU, MAC PDU, 2-4 MAC,, MAC, MAC MAC, LLC PD U LLC LLC SA P, LLC, MAC : LLC : LLC 2-5 MAC LLC SA P, SA P, ( NIU ),, NIU, NIU SAP 2-5,, 47

60 ,, NIU,, :, ;, 2-1, : ; 2-1,, LLC LLC LLC LLC, LLC SA P, SAP,, SA P,, SA P 1, SAP, SA P SAP 2-1 M AC LL C ( ) IEEE802,,, ( WAN),,,, IEEE802, : 48

61 02.1A 802.1B ( LLC ) ( CSMA/ CD) ( ) ( Token Bus ) ( Token Ring) (DQDB) LA NISDN LAN ( SILS ) ( Wireless LAN) VG A NY LA N ( Cable Modem ) IEEE802, IEEE FDDI ASC X3 T9 I/ O ( X3T9.5 ) FDDI 2-7 X3 T9.5 X3 T9 I/ O : : I/ O : ( ) ; :,, : ( H SLN ) X3T9 I/ O, 802 HSLN MAC, FDDI MAC IEEE802 LLC 49

62 -7 ASC X3T9.5 FDDI IEEE802, FDDI IEE E802 50

63 .4, ( 2-9), ,,,,,,,, 2.4.2, ( Repeater, ),, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 51

64 .4.3,,, ( ),,,, (), (),,,,,,,,,, 2.5 /,, /, CA TV /,, / /,, :, ; ( RF ), 2-2, 2-2 / F DM ( RF ) F DM 52

65 , ,,,,,,, ( FDM ),, ( 2-10 (a) ), ( ), 50 CATV 75,,50,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 2-10 IEEE cm ( ) 10Mbps,, 500m, 2.5m, 53

66 , cm ( ),, 200m, 30,,,,,,,,, ( ), 2.5.3,,, ( 4k Hz),, FDM,, FDM, 1. FDM 2-2, FDM, TV,, ( ),,,,, :,?,,,, ( ), ( ),, 2-10 ( b)(c),,,, ( ),,, 54

67 ), 2-3 CAT V,,, 25MHz,, CA TV 300MHz, 400MHz,,,, 10% 15%,, 2-3 ( M Hz) ( M Hz) ( MHz) CA TV, 75 75, :, ( 1 = 2.54cm), 300MHz dB,,, , dB,,, 0.25, dB,,,,,,,, 2.,,, :,,, () FSK,,,,, 55

68 ,,,, 1985 IBM, 2.6.1,,,, :,,,,,, 4, /,,,,,,,,,,, (), :, ; :, , 1bit ( 56

69 :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ;, 2.6.2, ( ), /,,,,, ( EMI),,,,,,,, 2.6.3, :,,,,,,, 57

70 ,, ( ),,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,, :,,, ;,, -,,, 2-12,, ;,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 2-13,, 58

71 ,,, 2-14,,,,,,,,,,,,, 59

72 , 1Mbps CS- MA/ CD, 90, CSMA/ CD 100Mbps CSMA/ CD,, 1Gbps 2-15, ( H ub),,,,, 1Gbps, 1Gbps, 20,, ,, : ;

73 ,,,, , 1.,,,, 2., 56km,, 23km 20 Hz20k H z, H z, ( FDM), 4kH z, 268 kh z, 24, 56Kbps, 100Mbps, 3.,,,, 61

74 . 5.,,,,,,,,, 2.8.2, CATV FDM FDM 1.,,,, ;, 12.5cm 2. 50, 10MbpsCATV, M Hz, CA TV, 6MHz ;,, FDM FDM, CATV,,, ASK FSK PSK : 5Mbps 1H z/ bp s, 2 Hz/ bps, 6MHz TV 5Mbps, 20Mbps ;, 1bps/ H z 20Mbps, 75 FDM ( 50 ) 50Mbps PSK, 150M Hz 50Mbps 62

75 FSK (50Mbps ), ,,, (50Mbps ) 1km,,, 5., 2.8.3,, 1. (2125m ),,,,,, :,,,,, 2., H z 2-16 ; ( 63

76 -16 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 2-4, 2-4 L ED LE D ( 200 M Hz/ km ) (200M Hz/ k m3g Hz/ k m ) ( 3G Hz/ km50g Hz/ km ) 50125m 50125m 2 8m m m 1560m : ( LED) ( ILD) LED ILD LED,, ILD, : PIN A PD PIN APD, 64

77 ASK 0 1 LED ILD, PIN A PD, LED,, 850nm, 1300nm, 1500nm,,, 850nmLED, 100Mbps, 1300nm,, 1500nm,,, DM 3.,,,,, 4., 68km, 5., 6. ( ),, 2.9,, LAN, LAN, LAN LAN LAN LA N LAN WAN LA N,,, : (, ) (, 65

78 ) ( ) (,,,,, ( Repeat er),,,,, : ;, :, 500m, 185m,, Ethernet :,, ;, ( Hu b) : () ( ) ( H ub),,, ( Active H ub)( Passive Hub ) :,,, :,, :,, ( Switching H ub ),, 2.9.3,,,,, RAM,,,,,, /,, 66

79 ,,,,, A B, A,,, LA N LA N LA N,, LA N, LAN : :,, ;, ;, LA N, ( ), ( ),,,, ;, : ( )( ), ( Ga teway), : E thernet, T CP/ IP DECnet,, 67

80 (802.2) ( LLC ), IEEE802 FDDI ( MAC) LLC MAC, LLC LLC,, ;, () ;, LLC LLC 3.1 L LC LLC LLC, ( 3-1), LLC LLC LLC ( SAP ) LLC,, LLC, LLC, LLC,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ), LLC, ( 3-1 ), LLC,,,,, LLC, LLC,,, LLC,, LLC,, 68

81 -1 DL- U NI T DA T A. (,,, ) DL- U NI T DA T A. (,,, ) DL-CON N EC T. (,, ) DL-CON N EC T. (,, ) DL-CON N EC T. (,, ) DL-CON N EC T. (,, ) DL-D A T A. (,, ) DL-D A T A. (,, ) DL-DISCON N EC T. (, ) DL-DISCON N EC T. (,, ) DL-R ESET. (, ) DL-R ESET. (,, ) DL-R ESET. (, ) DL-R ESET. (, ) DL-CON N EC T ION FLO WCO N T RO L. (,, ) DL-CON N EC T ION FLO WCO N T RO L. (,, ) DL-D A T A- ACK. (,,,, ) DL-D A T A- ACK. (,,,, ) DL-D A T A- ACK- ST A T US. (,,,, ) DL-R EPL Y. (,,,, ) DL-R EPL Y. (,,,, ) DL-R EPL Y-ST A T U S. (,,,,, ) DL-R EPL Y-U P DA T E. (, ) DL-R EPL Y-U P DA T E-S T A T US. (, )

82 .1.2 LLC, : ( ),, OSI 3 7, 4,, LLC,, :,,,,, /,,,,, LLC,,,, LLC,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.2 LLC ( 3-1 ) DL-U NITDA TA.LLC DL-U NITDA TA. LLC 3-2 DL-U NI TDATA. LLC LLC SA P MAC LLC, LLC MAC, 70

83 802.4 ) ( ) FDDI, CSMA/ CD (802.3 )LLC, MAC, LLC LLC MAC MAC 3-2 DL-U NITDA TA., MAC CSMA/ CD, SA P DL-CONNECT.,,, LLC,, MAC DL-CONNECT.,, (a) :DL-CO NNECT. LLC, DL-CONNECT., ( ), DL-CON NEC T., LLC, LLC ( 3-3( b) ),, 3-3 DL-DISCON NECT. DL-CONNECT. ( 3-3 ( c) ), DL-DISCONNECT., LLC ( 3-3 ( d) ) : LLC LLC, LLC (, ) 71

84 DL DISCON NECT LLC LLC SAP, DL-DATA,DL-DATA,,,,,, DL-CONNECTION-FLOWCONTROL. LLC LLC ( 3-4( a) ) LLC ( 3-4( b) ),,, LLC,,, LLC, LLC,,,,, 3-5 (a)3-5( b ), 3-5 ( c),dl-rese T. LLC LLC, LLC, (3-5( d ) ) LLC (3-5( e) ), 72

85 , LLC ( LLC ) LLC,,

86 DL-DATA-ACK, LLC, DL- RE- PLY,,,, DL-DATA-ACK LLC, ( 3-7 (a) ( b ) ) MAC,, DL-DATA-ACK-STA TUS., LLC,,,,, LLC :,, DL-REPLY DL-RE PLY,, LLC,, DL- RE PLY-U PDATE. ( 3-7 ( e) ) LLC,, LLC SAP, DL- REP LY-U PDA TE. LLC DL-RE PLY-U PDATE., DL- REP LY-U PDAT EST ATU S. SA P, ; ( ) DL-RE PLY-UPDATE. ( ), LLC (LLC ) LLC ( ), DL-R EP LY- ST ATUS., ( 3-7 ( d ) ) ( 3-7 ( c) ), 74

87 LLC, : -7 LLC DL-RE PLY.,, DL- REP LY-U PDAT E., SA P, LLC, LLC LLC, LLC, DL- REP LY-S TATU S.,, LLC, LLC 3.5 MAC LLC MAC 3-2,

88 -2 IEEE802.2 MAC M A-U N I T DA T A. (,,,, ) M A-U N I T DA T A. (,,,,, ) M A-U N I T DA T A- ST A T US. (,,,, ) MA-U NITDATA.LLC LLC PDU MAC LLC PDU MAC MA-UNITDATA. MA-UNITDATA.,,, LLC, LLC, MA-U NITDA TA-STA TUS. MAC LLC, MA-U NITDA TA. ( ),,, MAC,, MAC,,, LLC MAC ( CSMA/ CD MAC ) 3-8 LLC MAC 3.6,, (PDU ),, - LLC :,,,, PDU,, 76

89 ,, :,,,,,, PDU, - PDU, PD U, PDU, LLC A B B 7, 1, B 7 PD U, A 7 PDU, PD U, PDU 0 7(8) B PDU PDU, B 5, 4 PD U, 5 PDUPD U, B PD U2 3 4,, PD U4, B 5, PDU2 3 4A, B PDU 3-9, A B 7 PD U 3 PD U, A 4 PDU PDU2, A 7 PDU

90 ,, :,,,,,, PDU,,,, PDU,,,, ACK PD U,, PDU, ACK, 3.7, LLC :, PDU MAC PDU LLC ( ARQ) PD U PD U ARQ LLC A RQ : -ARQ, ; - NARQ, ARQ -, 3-10, PDU,, PDU, PDU,, PDU, PD U,,, PDU, PDU, PDU : A PDU, B PDU, ( ACK) ACK, A, A PDU PDU B, B, B,, PDU 0 1, ACK0 ACK1, ACK0 PDU, 0 PDU PDU,, B PDU, ( NA K0 N AK1 ), PDU,,,,, PDU,, PDU 78

91 -10 -ARQ NARQ -ARQ, -, -, LLC, - NARQ( 3-11) - N ARQ, PD U, PDU PDU PD U A B PDU, : PDU : a. A PD U, PDU B PD U,, A ( RR ), B ACK, PDUA, PDU b. A PDU, B PDU, PD U, PDU PDU, B PD U, ( REJ ), PDU A PDU, PD U, A PDU 79

92 -11 - NARQ ACK : a. ACK ( ACK6 5 PDU ), A PDU, A PDU,, ACK b. a, A RR, (P ) B RR, A, A RR, P, PDU n, 2 n - 1,,, B PDU, A PDU,,, B PDU, 3, PDU0, ACK1, PD U1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0 ACK1, ACK1, 8 PD U 8 PDU, ACK1 7 (2 n - 1), 80

93 .8 L LC LLC ( ) 1 : 2 : 3 :,, LLC 3-3, 1 LAN,,, 3-3 LLC L LC 1 2 3, LLC SAP,,,,, PDU, LLC SA P, PDU LLC, SA P SA P, PDU LLC LLC PD U ( 3-12), 8 : ( DSAP ) ( SSAP ) 7 DSAP,, 1 ( ) 1 DSA P, DSAP, DSAP MAC SSA P, PDU ( ), LLC PDU, 8 16, PD U PDU :, PDU PDU PDU 3-4 LLC PD U, 0 8, 81

94 -12 L LC 3-4 LLC a UI XID XID TEST TEST b 0N( S) N ( R ) N ( R ) N ( R ) N ( R ) R R R NR R EJ SABM E DISC 1 R R R NR R EJ U A DM FRM R c AC 0, 0 AC 0, AC 1, 1 AC 1, 1 82

95 , PDU : UI, XID TES TPDU ( 3-12 ) UI PD U DL-UNIT-DATA, UI PD U PDU DL-U NIT-DA TA,, MAC, UI PD U PDU LLC PD U, PDU LLC XID T ES T ( C/ R 0 ) LLC XID TE ST PDU XID TE ST,, XID T EST XID PDU,, ( 0 ) SSAP DSAP XID, LLC ; SAP XID, SAP TE ST PDU LLC TE ST, LLC (MAC ) T EST 1 PDU, P/ F UI PDU, P/ F 0 ; XID TES T, 01 ;, , PD U PDU : PDU : PDU : 1. 2 DL-CONNECT. LLC SABME PDU ( ( ABM), HDLC ABM, 7 2 ABM 7 ) LLC SABME PDU, DL-CON NECT. DSAP DSAP LLC, DL- CON NEC T., LLC U A PDU LLC LLC U A,, LLC ( 3-13( a) ),, SAP LLC, LLC DM PDU, LLC ( 3-13 ( b) ) 83

96 ,, ( I) PDU, 0, I PD U N( S )N( R ), I PDU 128, N( S)N( R) PD U, LLC PDU PDU RR PD U PDU RR, PDU, RR RR, RNR PDU, I PDU, RR PDUREJ - NARQ, N ( R )PDU, PDU I PDU R EJ PDU N ( R ), N( R ) - 1 I PDU 3-14 PDU LLC,, DL- RESET., LLC LLC SABME PDU LLC DL- RESET., LLC UA ;, 84

97 -14 LLC DM ( 3-13 (c), ( d) ), 0, I PDU 3. LLC,, DL-DISCON NEC T., LLC LLC DISC PDU LLC, U A, DL-DIS- CONNECT. ( 3-13( e) ), I PDU, 4. FRM R() PDU PD U,, : PDU( PDU ) ; N( R) N( S ) ; FRMR, LLC, FRMR SABME, FEMR,, 85

98 PDU P/ F ( P ), PDU, ( F )P LLC P 1 PD U, LLC F 1 PDU P/ F /,, LLC A B I PDU,, A PD U, A PDU, B, A P 1PDU(, RR, RNR REJ ), B PDU ( RR, RNR, REJ I), F 1, N( R) I PDU , PDU PDU :, 0( AC0), 1 ( AC1), ACn PD U ( 8, 3-4c), LLC PD U, H DLC ACn PDU ACn PDU, ACn PDU PDU, PD U AC0 AC1, ACn PDU ( )- - ARQ ( 3-10 ) DL-DATA-ACK, P/ F 0, ACn, ACn DL-RE PLY, P/ F 1 ACn ACn (),,, 86

99 10Mbps, PC, 80 10Mbp s Mbps, 1Gbp s,,,,, ( ) 10Mbps, 4.1 Xerox 20 70, 2.94Mbps,, Xerox DEC Intel, 1980, 1.0 DIX80(,,, :,1.0 ) 10Mbps DIX, 1982 DIX DIX, IEEE802 LAN, IEEE802.3 DIX , DIX82,, IEEE , IEEE802 IEEE802.3 CSMA/ CD, DIX, IEEE802.3 (ISO),, ISO/ IEC ,,,,,, ( 802.3x )1997, , 20,, 90, DIX

100 Base5( DIX ) Base a BaseT 802.3i BaseF 802.3j Base T 803.3u, x BaseX z, Base T ab GBaseXX ae 2003 EPO N ah ,,, ( S FD) ( DA ) ( SA ) ( T YP E ) ( DA T A ) ( FCS ) , ,,, 10 (SFD) ,,, (DA), 6,,,,, ( Multicast ),, ( Broadcast ) DA, 0, 1 DA 1 ( SA), DA 6 (TYPE) 2, IP, Novell IPX 88

101 DATA) ,, ( ) 46, DA TA 46 (FCS), 4 32 ( CRC), SFD FCS, DA DATA CRC FCS, CRC 32 CRC, FCS, DA CRC,, IEEE , IEEE802.3, ( LLC ), IEEE802.2, DATA LLC ( LLCPDU) ( S FD) ( DA ) ( SA ) ( T YP E ) ( DA T A ) ( FCS ) (a ) ( S FD) ( DA ) ( SA ) ( L ) ( FCS ) LLC- PD U ( b ) I EE E IEEE802.3 DA TA IEEE802.3 ( L) L LLCPD U, LLCPD U 46, MAC 0 P AD LLCPDU LLCPDU IEEE802.3,, TYP E L : ( 1518D),, DATA,, ; IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3 : 1536D(0600H ), 0600H,,, IP 0800H, XNS 0600 I PX 8137 H, IEEE802.3, : DA, 89

102 IEEE 02.3, 0, 1, 0, DA CSMA/ CD,, ( CSMA/ CD) CSMA/ CD,,,,,,, ;,, (, ),,,,,,, ;,,,, / IEEE802.3 CS- MA/ CD ,, ;,,, ;, (, ), Jam ( ) ; Jam,, ( ), : n 1 (n= 0) n 16 () n = 16, n < 16, r, r 0 < r < 2 k, k = min ( n, 10 ), n10, k = 10 ; n < 10, k = n t = rt T,, ( Slot T ime), t,, ( Truncated Binary Exponential Backoff) r ( Slot T ime),,

103 -3 / IEEE802.3 CSMA/ CD,,,,, Slot Time,,,, Slot Time,, 4-4, S, A B S (A B S), 0.7c( c ), R( bps ), L( bit ) 4-4 (a) A fa, fa B ; 4-4 ( b) fa B, B fb ; 4-4 (c) B, B ; 4-4( d) A, A fa, A fa A, A,,, Slot Time,, Slot Time2 S/ 0.7c + 2 tp hy ( 4.1) 91

104 -4 tphy A, MAC 2 A Slot Time, Lmin Lmin/ R = Slot Time ( 4.2) Lmin ( 2 S/ 0.7 c+ 2 tph y )/ R ( 4.3) Lmin Lm in, Lmi n, Slot Time CSMA/ CD, :,,,,,,,, t = r T ( T Slot Time) (4.3 ), c tp hy, CSMA/ CD (), Lmin, S R R,, Lm in, Lmi n,, S 92

105 .,,,,,, ;, MAC, ;,,, CRC ;, 0600H,,, ; 0600H, IEEE802.3,, IEEE802.3,,, LLCPDU MAC,, 0 ( NRZ ), 10BASEX ( Manchester Code ), , 0, , 01, 01, 93

106 10Base5, 10Base2 ),,,, NRZ, : Mbp s,, NRZ 4.3.2, /, :, MAC :, MAC :,,,,,,, MAC, :, MAC,,,, 10Mbps, : 10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT 10BaseF Mbps 10Base5,, 4-7( a), 10mm A UI ( 50 m), ( ) 94

107 0 10Base2, 4-7 ( b ), BNC T, T 5mm 50 (50 ), 50 10BaseT, 4-7 (c),,, ( ) RJ-45, ( 3, 4 5 U T P ),,, ;, ( ),,,,,,, 10BaseF, 4-7 ( d),, ( ) ST ( 62.5/ 125),, 10BaseT,, Mbps Base 10Base, MAC /, Base 95

108 -2 10Base 10 Base5 10 Base2 10 BaseT 10BaseF L 10 mm 50 5 mm 50 3, 4, / m 185 m 100 m 2k m / / 2.5k m/ 5 925m/ 5 500m/ 5 4 km/ 2 15 D AU I BNC, T RJ - 45 ST 10Base5, DIX,,, 10mm, 50, 20 80, LA N, 20 80, 10Base2, 10Base2, 5 mm 50 ( ),,, LAN 10Base5, 10Base2 LAN,, 10Base2, BNC T,,,,,, LA N,, LA N, 10Base5,,, 10Base5, 20 80,10Base2 10Base5 LA N,,, 1Mbps 10Base5,, 20 80, 10BaseT, 10Mbp s 10Base , 10BaseT,, LAN, 10BaseT BaseT BaseT , 10BaseT ( )

109 RJ 45, RJ BaseT 4-9 RJ - 45 RJ-45, 1-2, 3-6, 4-5, BaseT, ( a), 4-10 ( b )1-2, 3-6,, RJ-45 10BaseT, 100m,, 500m 4-10,, 4-11,,,,,,,,,10BaseT : 97

110 -11 (), ( ),,, 4-12 (a), ;,, 4-12 ( b),,,, 500m (a) ( b) BaseT BaseT, H ub, 1.,,,,,,, 98 2.,,

111 ; ( a), A fa, Hub fa, fa 4-13( b)a B, Hub1, (cp ), cp 4-13 (c)a, B C, H ub1 Hub0 cp fa, fb fc,, Hub,, (cp ),, cp 3. ( ),, ( ), 4-14,,,, 99

112 4-15, ( ),, ( 12 ), 96, LA N Base5 10Base2 10BaseT, 10Base5 10Base2 10BaseT,, 10BaseT,, Base T 10Base5,10Base2 10Base5 10Base2, 4-16, 10BaseT, A UI BNC, 10Base5, AUI, ; 10Base2, BNC, 2.5km, 925 m, 500m 100

113 10Base5 10Base2, 500m 185m, 300m, 4-17 (a) 10Base5 ()10Base2,, 200m,, 4-17( b) 4-17,, BaseT 20 80, 10BaseT, LAN, 10Base2 10Base, LAN ( ) (20 90 ), LA N, BaseF, 20 90,,,, ( ) 10Base5 10Base2 10BaseT, 10BaseT, 10BaseF 101

114 0BaseF 10BaseT, 10BaseF, ( ST ) 10BaseF 10Mbps, 10BaseT : 2km( 10BaseF L, ) ; LAN,, BaseT, 10BaseF,, 100BaseX, 1Gbps Ethernet, 1000BaseX,,, LA N, 10BaseT 10BaseF CSMA/ CD, 10BaseT 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbp s/ n, n,, 100BaseX,, 10BaseT,, 4-18,,, CSMA/ CD, 10Mbp s 4-18, LAN, 100Mbp s, 1000Mbps 102

115 , CSMA/ CD,, LAN,,, 10Base5 10Base2,,, ; ( ), ;,,,,, 10BaseT 10BaseF,,,,,,,,, 103

116 1Gbps 10Mbps, 100Mbps Mbps 100Mbps 10BaseT 10BaseF L 100BaseTX 100BaseFX, 10BaseT 10BaseF L, 10,, IEEE802.3,,,, 100BaseFX, 10/ 100Mbps 10Mbps 100Mbps Mbps ( Fast E thernet) 10BaseT 10BaseF 100Mbp s OSI, 10Mbps, 5-1 IEEE802, MAC ( ) 1995 IEEE802.3 IEEE802.3u , MAC, 100Mbps,, /, /,,100BaseTX 10BaseT5,, 10BaseT 100BaseTX 100Mbps 100BaseFX 10BaseF L 100Mbps 104

117 , 100BaseT4 100BaseT2, 100BaseTX 100BaseFX,, 20 90,, 3, 5 () MAC 100 Base T X 100 BaseFX 100Base T4 100Base T2 2 5 U T P 4 3 U TP 2 3 U TP Mbps Mbps, 5-3 : ( ) ; ( ) ; ; BaseTX 100BaseFX 100BaseTX, ; 100BaseFX,, ; 100BaseTX, 100Mbps ( a)100basetx, RJ-45, RJ-45 10BaseT ;, 40 MII ( ), MII 5-4 ( b ) 100BaseFX ; SC 62.5/ 125 ;, 100BaseTX, 40 MII 105

118 00BaseTX 100BaseFX /,, Mbp s 100BaseTX, 5 100, ( 802.5, ), BaseTX, 100m 3 100BaseT4 100BaseT2, 100, 100m 100BaseFX, 62.5/ 125, 50/ 125, 85/ / 125,, 100Mbps 106

119 , 2km100BaseFX,, 40km,,,, /,, Mbps, : ; :100BaseTX 100BaseFX,, ; : 100Mbps, 824,,,, 100Mbps n,, 100Mbps/ n,,, 24, Mbps 1Gbps, 5Gbps, ,,,,,,

120 ,,,, 2km( )40km( )5-8,, 100Mbps, 100m Mbps, CSMA/ CD,, CSMA/ CD, ( Slot T ime) 10Mbps Slot Time, : Slot Time2 S/ 0.7c + 2 tp hy 10Mbps, : (5-1), S, tr Slot Time2 S/ 0.7 c + 2 tph y + 8tr (5-1), 8 tr 0.7 c, 10Mbps 10Base5, 10Base2 10BaseT,,,, tphy tr 2.5km, 1km 500m Slot Time = Lmin/ R, S :, S0.35c( Lmin/ R - 2 tp hy - 8 tr ) (5-2), Lmi n, R 10, 10Mbps, 100BaseTX/ FX, 5-10, DTE DTE,,, /,,, 108

121 ,, , 100m,,,, 200 m,, 300m, 205m, 205m 100BaseTX,, 412m,,, 412m,,,, 270m 320m, 228m,?,,,,,, 5-10 ( a) ( b ),, BaseTX 100BaseFX, 5-10(c), 260.8m 308.8m, 5m, 216.2m 109

122 BaseFX, DTE 412m,, DTE 412 m,, 5-12, 2km, CSMA/ CD,,,, / 100Mbps 1., UTP, RJ-45, 100BaseTX, T2 T4, 10BaseT,,,,, (, ST P ),,, 5-1 1,7, UTP,,,,, 10BaseT 100BaseTX,,, 100BaseTX 110

123 Base T Base T X 3 100Base T Base T Base T X 6 10BaseT 7 10BaseT X IEEE802.3 u, 100BaseT2,, 100BaseT2,, ( FL P, Fast Link Pulse), F LP F LP 33, 1, 0 17, 16, 1 016, FL P,,,,, FL P,,, FL P 2. 10/ 100Mbp s 100BaseT 10BaseT,,, 10Mbps 100Mbps, 10/ 100Mbps 10BaseT 100BaseTX, 100BaseTX, 100Mbps, 10BaseT 10BaseT, 100BaseTX, 5-13, 10/ 100Mbp s 10BaseT 100BaseTX U T P : 10BaseT, 10/ 100Mbps F LP, 100BaseTX 100BaseTX 10BaseT,, 10/ 100Mbps, FL P, 111

124 FL P 0BaseT, U T P, ( NL P ),, 10/ 100Mbp s NL P NLP, FL P NLP,, 10BaseT / 100 Mbps 10/ 100Mbp s :, 3 UTP, 10BaseT,, 100BaseTX,, 10Mbps, 100Mbps,,, BaseT/ FL 100Mbps IEEE802.3u IEEE802.3 (802.3i/ j), 10BaseT 10BaseF L, MAC P H Y,, Mbps 10BaseT/ FL 10Base T/ F L 100Base T X/ FX I EEE 802.3i/ j 802.3u 10Mbps 100Mbps 3, 4, 5 U TP, MM F 5 U TP ST P (150) SM FMM F U TP : 100 m, MM F :100m U TP STP : 100 m, MM F : 2km, S MF : 40km NR ZI 4B/ 5B DIX802.3 DIX802.3 CSM A/ CD DIX802.3 DIX s (512 ) 5.12s ( 512 ) U TP : 500 m ( ) U TP STP : 205 m, MM F : 228 m ( ) U TP : 100 mm, MM F : 412 m ( ) : 112 TP, STP, M MF, S MF, NRZ I 0

125 P H Y 10, 100BaseTX 5 U T P, 150 ST P, 100BaseFX SMF P H Y, 100BaseTX/ FX ANSI X3 T9.5 FDDI 4B/ 5B NRZI, 125M 100Mbps NRZI, 1, ( ) 0 4B/ 5B 4B/ 5B NRZI 8 MAC,, ( 1516B 64B ) 10, 10, 100BaseTX/ FX 0.01 s, 10BaseT/ F L 0.1s CSMA/ CD, 100Mbps 10, 10BaseT/ F L 100BaseTX/ FX,, 10Mbps 100Mbps, 10Mbps Mbps, 100Mbps 12 1Gbp s (),, 10/ 100Mbp s 10Mbps 100Mbps, 100BaseTX/ FX 10Mbps 5.2 1Gbps 10Mbps 100Mbps,, :,,, :, 1Gbps 10/ 100Mbps,,,, 113

126 1Gbps,, 1Gbps,, ;,, 1Gbps, 100BaseT,,,1Gbps 10/ 100Mbps,,, 1Gbps, , IEEE802.3z, 1Gbps IEEE802.3z ( GEA, Gigabit E thernet Alliance)GEA,, : IEEE802.3z ; GEA, ; ; ; ; GEA :, GEA 3COM, Bay, Cisco, Compaq, Intel 11 GEA, 28, Gbps Gbps, IEEE802.3, MAC P H Y MAC CSMA/ CD /, IEEE802.3 P H Y, IEEE802.3, 1Gbp s P H Y IEEE802.3z 802.3, P H Y /,, MAC P H Y, IEEE802.3z / : 8B/ 10B 5 U T P / 1Gbps,, 114

127 -14 1Gbps Gbps PHY 1Gbps P H Y, /,,, P H Y,, 1000BaseX 1000BaseT 5-15, MAC P H Y 1000BaseX 1000BaseT, 1000BaseX 1000BaseLX, 1000BaseSX 1000BaseCX, / 1000BaseT 1000BaseX, / Gbps 1000BaseX 1000BaseT 115

128 BaseX 1000BaseX 1Gbp s, 1000BaseCX LX SX, P H Y /, 8B/ 10B / BaseCX 1000BaseCX, 1000BaseT 1000BaseCX, 25m, ISO11801 ST P, TW 9 D D 9 D 1, 5, 6, 9,1 6, BaseCX 1000BaseCX,,, BaseLX 1000BaseLX ( LWL ), nm (1300 nm),, : 62.5m ; 116

129 0m ; 9m,, 550m;,, 5km SC, 100Mbps 1000BaseFX BaseSX 1000BaseSX ( SWL) nm (800nm ),,, : 62.5m ; 50m 62.5m, 275m; 50m, 550m 1000BaseLX 1000BaseFX, SC BaseT 1000BaseT 5 U T P, 1000BaseTX, 100m 5 UTP 100m 100Mbps 1000Mbp s, 5 UTP, 10,, 1000BaseX 8B/ 10B /, / 1000BaseT,,, Gbps 1.,, 10Mbps 100Mbps,, 50m 62.5m, TW 5,, CSMA/ CD CSMA/ CD,

130 -3 1Gbps 1000BaseL X 62.5m 550m 50m 10m m 5k m 1000BaseSX 62.5m 550m 50m 525m 1000BaseCX TW 25 m 1000Base T 5 U TP 100m :, 2.,,,? 100Mbps,,,,,,, : 1000BaseLX/ SX 240m; 1000BaseCX 50m; 1000BaseT 200m,,, , CSMA/ CD,,,,, 10Mbp s, IEEE , Mbps, 512, 10Mbp s, 412m,, 1Gbps,,, 1Gbp s,, IEEE802.3, ,, , 512, 118

131 12,,,, CSMA/ CD,,, 512 SFD DA SA T ype L DATA FCS , 1Gbps, 1Gbps,,,, IEEE802.3z ( F rame Bur sting ), ( ), 5-19,,,, 1500,,, 01,, ( Frame Start Limit) 1500, 1518, 3000,,

132 , 90,,,, Base5 10Base BaseT,,, CSMA/ CD, ( ) /, Mbps,,,, 1/ n, n, 10Mbps,, 10Mbp s/ n,,,,,,, 6-1, n = 20, 500Kbp s CSMA/ CD,, : 6-1,,, CSMA/ CD,,, 6-2,, 120

133 ,, (,,, ), 6-2, 6-3 ( 1 2 ), H ub,,,,,, 10Mbps,,, (),,,,,,,,,,, 6-3, : CSMA/ CD,, 10Mbp s 100Mbp s 10Mbps 100Mbps,, n n,, 121

134 ,,,,,,, LA N,, CSMA/ CD Mbps 10BaseT,,, 80, 10BaseT, 90,,,,, 6-4,, CSMA/ CD 6-4,,, 6-4, CSMA/ CD,, 10Mbps (10BaseT ) 100Mbp s ( 100BaseTX ),, 10Mbps, 10Mbp sn, n, n = 10, 100Mbps,,,, 6-5 A, B, C, D,,,,, 122

135 , (BC ),,,,, D A C B 6-5, :, 10Mbp s( 100Mbps ) n, n n,,,,,, CSMA/ CD,, ( ) , CSMA/ CD,,,,,,, 6-6,, CSMA/ CD,,,, 6-7,,, 20 20,,, ( ), ( 123

136 ,,, 1.,,,,, 6-8 A B,, A UTP 500m,, B, B,,, MAC,,, MAC,, A B

137 , CSMA/ CD,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 2. IEEE802.1D LA N,,,, ( ) 6-9, ,, MAC P H Y,, ( ), MAC,, ( ), MAC , , , ,,,, 125

138 ,, ; -, ;,, 6-10 :, M AC ,, MAC, -,,,, ( SA),, - 126

139 MAC, 300, (), ;,, MAC,,, -,, :,, , - 11 F11, 1 DA = 33, SA = 11, F11 DA, - DA 3, F11 3, 3 3, 33, F11, 1 3, F11,,,,,, 6-11, , F12 13, DA = 13, SA = 12F12 13, 1, DA 13, - 13, 1, F12,,, :, -,, ( ) :,,,,, 1,,, -, 1 127

140 -12 -,, 1 1,,,,,, -,, -, (),, ( ), 6-13, /,, 1 # 1, 2,3,4, 3 2 # 1,, 2 4,, /, 6-13 /,,, -,,,,, -,,,, 128

141 . ( Spanning Tree Algorit hm), /,,,, IEE802.1D /,, 6-14, LAN1 LAN2 LA N3 LAN1 B1 B2 B3 B1 LA N2 B2 LAN3 B3 LAN1, 6-14, 6-15, t0, LA N1 A B, B1 B2, -, A LA N1, LAN2, B1 t1, B2 t2, t2 t1, B, LA N2, A, B, - A LAN2 : B A 6-15 : B, B - A B, LA N2 129

142 B B B2, B2 B, B2 LA N1 ; B1 B2 LAN2, LAN1, LA N1, LAN1 LA N2, : ( ),,, 6-16, B1, B3 B4 ( ), 6-16 B 1, B 3,B 4,,, BPDU ( BPDU ),, ID,, MAC ID, MAC, BPD U, ( ), ( ) BPDU, BPDU, BPDU, BPDU (,, ID ),,, BPDU, ,,,, ;, 90, 130

143 , ( : , 24 ),,,, ( ),,,,, 6. 3, , 6-17,, ( 3) ( 4) ; 2 6, 1 5,,,, 6-17,,,,, MAC, -,,,,, 131

144 ,,,, ( Store Forward ) ( Cut Th rough ) ( F ragment F ree) ,, 6-18, -,,, 6-18,, -,,, -,,, 6-19,, CRC CRC, CRC, CRC , 132

145 6 ( ), -,,, --,,,,, : CRC, CRC,,,,,,,,, CRC,, , 512, 6 -,,, CRC,, 512, 512 (),,,, CRC, CRC,, ; ( CRC ),,, 512,,,, CRC,,, 6. 4,,, ( ) 133

146 ,,,,,,,,,, 6-20,, ;, 6-20, 6-21,, 812,,, ;,,, 6-21,, :,,,, ( Engine), 134

147 , 100Mbps 10Mbps, FDDI A TM,, 6. 5,,, , CP U RAM, 6-22, A,, RAM, CP U, RAM -, B,, RAM,,,,, CP U,, A RAM B CPU VLSI, 6-23,, :,, -,,,,,,,,, 135

148 ,, 6-24,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, (), 136

149 -25,,, -,, 1,,, RAM, 6-26,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,, 137

150 ,, :, -, : 6-27,,,, 6-27 :, MAC MAC, 10Mbp s 100Mbp s,, 2 4, ,, 6-28,,

151 . 7,,,,, , -,, -, - - : , 8192, 16, 8, 8,, :, 2. ( ASIC) () ( CISC) ( RISC ) ASIC,,,, RISC, ROM,,, ASIC, RISC CISC, WW W, 3. 10Mbps 100Mbps, N way, 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 10/ 100Mbps,, 4., 64 10BaseT 400Mbps 139

152 4/ 2 = 32, 3210Mbps = 320Mbps, -,,, 64 10Mbp s = 640Mbps, 5., ( ), 64 10Mbps, 51. 2s,,, 51. 2s,,, 51. 2s,, 6. 10Mbps 100Mbps, 10/ 100Mbps 100Mbps 155Mbps ATM 7.,,,,,, 10Mbps, 9. 6s 1526B, 100n s, : 9. 6s B8 b/ B100ns/ b = 9.6s b100 ns/ b = 1.23ms,, 1/ 1. 23m s = , : 9.6s + 72B8b/ B100n s/ b = s, 10Mbps,, 1/ = Mbps, 10Mbps ,,,,,,, 64 10BaseT,

153 = , , = ,,, n/ 2,, 8.,,,,, 100Mbps 10Mpb s,,, 100Mbps, 10Mbp s, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 128K 256K 1 2M, 10 20, ( Backpressure) ( False Collision Signal), ( Jam Pat tern ) 3248,,,,,,,,,,,,, NetWare NetWare Loadable Module( NLM ) Windows NT 141

154 ,,, OSI,,, 9., ( FDX) 10BaseT, ( ),,, 2000m, 412m,, FDX,,,,, FDX,, FDX,, FDX, FDX, FDX FDX,,, FDX,, 10. Jabber Jabber 1518 Jabber, Jabber Jab ber 11.,,,,, 40s,, s, s (- ),,,,, 142

155 6, 14 10Mpb s, : 14B8b/ B/ 10Mbp s = 11.2s, 1526, 10Mbps : 1526B8 b/ B/ 10Mbps = ms 10Mbps 9. 6s, s Mbps,, 9. 6s, s RMO N SNMP RMO N, RMON 13. ( Switch Power Down ) ( H ot),,, 14.,,, 143

156 64KB 128KB 256KB, 1MB 2MB,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 128KB, 10Mbp s, : b/ B/ 10Mbps = 0.10 s,,,,, 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT 100BaseT,,, FDDIToken-Ring AT M, 16.,,, ( BPD U), 6. 2, BPDU,,,, 6-15 ( ) 17.,,, 18.,,,, CRC, CRC,, 144

157 19., MAC,, VLA N, ( R ule-based)vla N, VLA N, VLAN VLA N,,, VLAN, ,,,,, 6-2 :,,,, Mbps 2 10/ 100Mbp s Mbps 4 10/ 100/ 1000Mbps 5 1Gbps ,,, FDDI ATM :,,,,,,,,,,,, 145

158 G S GS DS D S DS = GS = ,, ( ),,,,, 1., 10Mbps,, 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 6-31, 10/ 100Mbps 6-31,,,,, 10Mbp s, 100Mbps,, 4060Mbps, 100Mbps, 100Mbp s,,, - 2.,,, 146

159 -31,,, ,,,, 147

160 ,,,,, 100Mbps,, 100Mbps 10/ 100Mbps 100Mbp s,, ( QoS ), QoS,, QoS : /,,,,, -, AT M ATM 10 3.,,, 6-33,, 6-33,,, 148

161 ,,, Gbps,, 10Mbps 100Mbp s, CSMA/ CD CSMA/ CD,, 6-34,, CSMA/ CD,, CSMA/ CD, 10Mbps (10BaseT, 10BaseF L), 100Mbps, CS- MA/ CD ( ), 1Gbps, 6-34,,,, 100Mbp s 1Gbps,, CSMA/ CD,,, 1997 IEEE802. 3x , : ( ), CSMA/ CD,,,, 149

162 -35,,,,,,, 10Mbps 100Mbps, 20Mbps 200Mbps,,,, CSMA/ CD 6-35, 10Mbps, 10BaseT 10BaseFL ; 100Mbps, 100BaseT4, 100BaseTX 100BaseFX 100Base T2 ; 1000BaseX Mbps 100Mbp s, Mbps 100Mbps 10Base T U T P 100 m 100m 10BaseFL 2k m 2k m 100Base TX U TP STP 100 m 100m 100BaseFX 2k m 412m 100Base T2 U T P 100 m 100m 6-3,,100m,, 10Mbps 100Mbp s,,10basefl, 2km, 10Mbp s, 2 km, 2km 100BaseFX, 2km,, CSMA/ CD, 412 m,, 100BaseFX, 10Mbps 100Mbps 150

163 . 9. 3, 1Gbp s, 100Mbps BaseFX, 200Mbps, 2km 6-36,,,,, 2km ;,,,,, ;, 100BaseFX,,,,, 6-37,, (412 m2km ), 100BaseFX 100BaseFX, 100BaseFX 6-37, 151

164 ( / ), Mbps/ 1Gbps,,,,,,, 100Mbps,,,, 2000 IEEE802.3 ad, IEEE802.3ad, LACP , 1 2, A B, 1,, 2,,, 6-38, L2 IEEE802.1D(), L2,,, IEEE802.3ad MAC, LACP, MAC MAC,, 152

165 , IEEE802.3ad,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,, SD H ( ),,, 1.,,, ( 3 ) 2.,,, 1Gbps, 3.,, 4.,,, 153

166 , 5., L2 L3 L3 L2 L3,,,,,, (4,6,8 12 ) 6-39 L2 L3,,, L2,,, ;,, 1Gbp s 1Gbps,,, :,, 1020m s, 1 s ,,

167 8, 10 1Gbps, 1Gbps, 8Gbps,

168 7.1 10Gbps , 10Mbp s, 90%,, 10BaseT,, ; 100BaseT, ; 1Gbps, 1Gbps,, 10Mbps, 1Gbp s, ; 1Gbps, 550m, 5km,,,,1Gbp s 10Gbps, , 10Gbps IEEE802.3ae 10Gbps MAC P H Y 10Gbps ; MAC, IEEE802.3 ;,, 10Gbp s, 10Gbps CSMA/ CD,, ; P H Y, ;,, P H Y Gbps 10Gbps OSI IEEE802, OSI, IEEE802 MAC P H Y,, PH Y 10Gbps

169 -1 10Gbps 1. P H Y 10GBaseX 10GBaseR 10GBaseW P H Y 10GBaseX 1000BaseX P H Y, PCS 8B/ 10B, 10Gbps, ( CWDM ), 1300 nm 25nm, / / 2.5Gbp s, / 3.125Gbps 10GBaseR PCS 64B/ 66B P H Y, 10Gbps, 10.3Gbps 10GBaseW P H Y, PCS 64B/ 66B, SONET OC - 192, OC - 192, 9.686Gbp s, 9.953Gbp s 2.P H Y P H Y 10Gbps MM F SM F, MM F 50m 62.5m P MD MDI P MD( ) ( ) ( ) PMD PMD, 7-1 P MD P MA 157

170 -1 PMD 10GBase - SR 10GBase - L R 10GBase - E R 10GBase - SW 10GBase - LW 10GBase - EW PMD 850nm 1310nm 1550nm 850nm 1310nm 1550nm 10 GBase - L X4 1310n m P MA( ) PMA PMD, ;, PMA, PMD WIS()WIS PCS PMA, A NSI SONET ST S - 192c ITU SD H VC c PCS( ) PCS RS PMA, PCS 10Gbp s XGMII, P MA PCS MAC RS ( ) XGMII( 10Gbps )RS XGMII MAC P H Y, MAC P H Y ( 10GBaseX 10GBaseR 10GBaseW ), 10GBaseW, RS SO NE T/ SD H OC192c, RS 10Gbps Gbp s ; SONET/ SD H ;, SD H, PCS 8B, MAC , ( 8 ) 2, 8 CRC - 16, 2 HEC - 16 SFD,,, Gbps 10Gbp s,, 10Gbps P MD ( MMF ) ( SM F ) 158

171 Gbps 62.5MM F 50 MM F SM F M Hz SR/ SW 850n m LR/ LW 1310n m E R/ EW 1550n m LX4 1310n m m 33 m - 65m 82m 300m km km 300 m km : 850 nm P MD 50/ 125m 65 m ; 1310n m PMD 10k m; 1550n m PMD 40k m; 1310 CWDM P MD 62.5/ 125m 300 m, 10k m IEEE 802.3ae , P MD,, IEEE 802.3ae PMD P MD (m ) 850nm 50/ m 1310n m 62.5/ m 1310n m k m 1310nm k m 1550nm k m Gbps 1. 10Gbp s,,, 300m, 100BaseFX 1000BaseSX,,,, 1Gbps 10Gbps,, 2. 1) 10Gbp s 10Gbps,, 159

172 10Gbps ; ; 10Gbps, 2),,,,, 1Gbps,, 10Gbps, S1 S2 S3 10Gbps, 10Gbp s, 10/ 100Mbps, 100Mbp s, 1Gbps Gbps 7-3,, 1Gbps, Gbps 160

173 ) 10Gbp s 10Gbps 10Gbp s PMD, 40km, 10Gbp s DWDM, N10Gbps, 7-4 MAN DWDM, 10Gbps ( 10GbE ), ( A), ( C) ( D), 10Gbps T3 OC - 3/ S TM - 1, 10Gbps 4) 10Gbp s Gbps 10Gbps Internet ( NSP ), 10Gbps SO NE T/ SD H, 10Gbps, SONET/ SDH, 3.,10Gbps,, 10Gbps, 1) SO NE T A TM,, 10Gbps, SONE T AT M, 10Gbp s,,,10gbps,,,10gbps,,,, SONET AT M 161

174 , 10Gbp s, ) 10Gbps,, ( HDTV) IEEE Gbps PC,, Cable Modem ISDN Cable Modem ISDN,, 7.8GBDVD, Cable Modem 11.8, DSL 2.1, 10Gbps 0.1 3) IEEE 10Gbps,, 2000, 10Gbps 10Gbps,,, 1000, 10Gbps, Yipes Extreme,, 8Gbps, 80Gbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps,, 10Gbps,,, 20Gbps,, 30Gbps, 40Gbps 50Gbp s 4) IT 10Gbps IT 10Gbps, 10Gbps ICP Inter net 10Gbps,, Internet, 7.2 EPON IEEE802.3ah EPON Internet,,, 2050Mbps, 162

175 IP/ E thernet 95 %, 1Gbp s 10Gbps,,20, ,, IEEE802.3 ( E thernet in the First Mile Alliance), EF M, E PON,, E PON IEEE802.3ah, Salira, 3COM, Notal, Alloptic, Aura N et work, Cisco, WorldCom, Intel IEEE802.3, EF MA IEEE802.3 ah , EF MA,, 2002 IEEE802.3, , EPO N, E PON IEEE802.3ah IEEE802.3ah 7-5, MII 1000BaseLX 100BaseFX, VDSL EP ON Gbps EF MA, 1., EF MA,, 100BaseFX 1000BaseLX, 10k m 2. 10Mbps DSL, E FMA 10Mbps VDSL, 163

176 50m 3. E PON, ( 1310m, 1550m), 1Gbps, 10 km, 20km EPON 1.EPON EPON, TDM, ; TDM, QoS IP, ; I P, EP ON, E PON,, 2.EPON E PON PMDEPON 7.6, OL T( Optical Line Termination ) POS ( Passive Optical Splitter ) O N U ( Optical Network Unit ) EM S ( E lement Management System) 1) OL T 7-6 EPON E PON, E PON, 164

177 (1 ) SNI E PON, OL T,, OLT, T1/ E1 FR ATM GbE SD H/ SONET WDM,, OLT Int ernet, OLT (2 ) O N U (3 ) (4 ) ON U,, OLT O NU, SLA ( Service Level Agreement ),, O NU, ON U ON U, 2) ON U, (1 ) U NI, E PON,,, O NU ; ( 10Mbps/ 100Mbps/ 1Gbps ), ; Modem (2 ) OLT ON U MAC ON U (3 ) OLT, (4 ), OL T (5 ) OLT, ON U OL T,, 3) POS,, OL T ON U, P OS , 16 32, OLT ON U 10k m, 20km, E PON,, 4) EP ON, 1000Mbps O NU, 10Mbps 100Mbps, 1Gbps ON U OL T,, ) EMS EMS, E PON,, EMS, EPO N 165

178 OLT ON U, EP ON, EMS,,, QoS,,,, ON U, O NU, EP ON, OLT, OLT ON U, ON U, EPON 1. EPON 7-9 P OS ON UON U1 ON U3 ; ON U4 ON U5 OL T EMS,, OL T Internet/,, ON U, E PON, OL T EPON E PON, Salira EP ON 7-10

179 -9 EPON 7-10 Salira EPON ON U, ON U ( F T TC ) ( F T TB) ( F T TH ) ; O N U, VOI P, MP EG, ATM, Cable Modem ; ON U XDSL( DSL DSLAM), LAN (R) PBX OLT, OADM/ GSR, ( SD H, GbE, ATM, FR )Internet, T1/ T3 PSTN, OL T IP, TDM 167

180 . (1 ) E PON,,,,,,,,,, EPON,, 1020km, IP 95%, EPO N, 10Gbps E PON (2 ) 7-9, E PON, E PON, OLT ( ),, CM TS ( Cable Modem Termination System ) (3 ) EPON,, ( ), OLT ( ),, EPON :, TDM ;, E PON TDM IP, TDM, QoS EPO N, ON U, : ON U, IP BACnet O NU ; O NU,,, 168

181 FDDI, FDDI, FDDI, FDDI 8.1 IEEE802.5 ( MAC), 8.1.1,,,,,,, 8-1,, : ; (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8-1, A,, D D,, C,,, 169

182 MAC 8-2 IEEE802.5 ( SD) : SD : JK0JK000, J K ( AC ) :, (8-1),, ED() ( FC ) : LLC ( F F = 01 ) MAC ( FF = 00 ), (ZZZZZZ) MAC ( DA ) : ( ) MAC (), ( ) ( ) 16 bit 48 bit, LAN 170 ( SA) : SA DA : LLC MAC ( FCS ) : 32bit, FC, DA, SA

183 -2 IEE E ( ED) : 7.1 I E ( FS ) : 8-1 A C A C FCS,, 171

184 -1 IEEE802.5MAC ( PP P ) ( T ) ( M ) ( R R R) 0, 1 ( F F ) MAC L L ( I ) ( E ) ( A ) ( C) 0,1 ( FCS ) , 1 1, 8-3 IEEE

185 8bit, 0,, 1, IEEE ( ISO) MAC MAC, MAC, MAC, ( AC) 0 1, ( FC DA SA INF O FCS ED FS) SD AC,,, ED ED 1,,, E, A 1,,, C 1 : / ; ;,, ( E, A, C ),, MAC LLC IEEE802.5,, 3bit :,,,,,,,,, , A, D, C, C,, D 173

186 A, A Mbps 16Mbps, :0,1 8-5 J K, J K J, ; K, J K J-K, 174

187 ( FDDI) ( Fiber Distrib uted Data Interface, FDDI ) ASCX3T Mbps MAC IEEE802.2 ( LLC ) FDDI, MAC, FDDI FDDI IEEE802.3, , FDDI MAC 8-6 FDDI, IEEE802.2LLC ( MAC) ; ( P H Y) ; ( PMD) ; ( LMT ) MAC MAC MAC MAC FDDI LLC ( PDU ),, LLC, FDDI 802,, MAC, MAC,, MAC MAC FDDI MAC ( P H Y), MAC 175

188 MAC P H Y P H Y PMD, ( LMT )FDDI, LMT, ( SM T ), LLC FDDI, ( Backend) (Back bone) IE EE802.2 LLC ( ) MAC ( ) P H Y ( ) PMD ( ) LM T ( ) 8-6 FDDI IEEE802.5, FDDI MAC ( ), FDDI, FDDI,,,,,,,,, 8-7 FDDI A, F1,, F1 C,, A B A, F2,,,,, FDDI, FDDI FDDI, FDDI,,,, FDDI 176

189 -7 FDDI MAC FDDI MAC, FDDI MAC,, 4bit, MAC, 4bit, 8-8 FDDI, : ( PA) : 16 (64bit), ( SD) :, 177

190 JK, J K -8 FDDI ( FC ) : CLFFZZZZC ( ), L 16bit 48bit FF LLC MAC MAC, MAC (DA ) :, ( ), (), ( ), 16bit 48bit ( SA) : : LLC ( FCS ) : 32bit, FC DA SA ( ED) : ( FS ), 8bit(2 T ), 4bit (1 T ) 178

191 ( FS) : ( E) ( A) ( C),, R ( Off) ( False), S ( On )( True) FS,, FS T 8-9,, 0, 0; 1 1 LA N, 48bit, 0, ; 1,,, 8-9 FDDI, :, LLC,, FF 8-2,, 8-2 FDDI MAC MAC MAC FC CLF F ZZZZ ZZZZ 0X M AC 1 L L L , M AC 179

192 L LC FC CLF F ZZZZ ZZZZ 0 L L LLC CL01 r000 r111 0 L01 rp P P 1 L01 1r rr CL10 r000 r111 CL11 r rrr PP P X: 0 1 r: C : L : FDDI, MAC,, FC F F 00 ZZZZ 0000 FC,,,,, ( TMT ), 1bit E, A,, C, : / ; ; ( E A C ),, MAC, LLC FDDI,,, FDDI 802.5, FDDI : ;, FDDI :, ( T TR T ), T T RT ( SAi ), : 180

193 SAi D MAX + F MAX + Token T imet TR T SAi : i ; D MAX: ; F MAX: ( 4500 ) ; Roken T ime : SAi SMT, SMT PDU,,,, ( TR T ), ( T H T ), T RT, : SA i ;,, T H T, T H T < T T R T, T T RT,,, TR T T TR T 8-10, T T R T 10, SAi 2,,,,,, 1, T R T 0, 2, 10, TH T 2 T R T 12, 2,, TR T 18, 10 8 T RT T 10, 2,, 8-10 FDDI 181

194 , T P r ( 1 ),, T Pr( 8), T Pr( i) i 2,2., T HT, TH T < T P r( i), i, T P r( i)t T RT,,, FDDI,, ( ),,,,,,, T TR T, T H T,, FDDI

195 -12 FDDI 8.2.6,,,,, ( ASK FSK PSK), FSK PSK,,, ( ASK),,, 1 ; 0 (),,,,,,,,, 50 % 1bit, 100Mbps, 200Mbaud(), FDDI,, FDDI 4B/ 5B, 4bit, 4bit, ( ) 4bit 5bit, 80%, 100Mbps 125Mbaud 200Mbaud 125Mbaud B/ 5B, 4B/ 5B, ( NRZI ) ( NRZ - M ), 1 1bit, 0, NRZI,,,, 183

196 B/ 5B 8-3 FDDI 4bit 5 bit, 5bit 16 4bit 5 bit, : NRZI, 3 0 NRZI,, 0 FDDI : 10, 184

197 B/ 5B 4B/ 5B NRZI 16 4bit : 3 0, 32 5bit,, 16,,,,, ( 8-13 ), FDDI 100Mbps, NRZI - 4B/ 5B, 1300nm, 850, nm,, 850nm, 1km 100Mbps,,, 1550nm, FDDI 8-13 FDDI 185

198 , ( LED) LED FDDI 62.5/ / 125m, 50/ / 140m,, 62.5/ / 125 FDDI, 2km, km FDDI, : :, : :,,, 8-14,,, :,,,, 8-14,, 8-14, MAC,, ( ), MAC,, 8-14c 8-14 FDDI, FDDI : A :,, 186

199 B :, 8-15, ( ) A,, B, 8-15 FDDI ,,, ,, 8-16 A B C D,, 8-17 ( a), B D,, A C, 8-17 ( b) : : MAC P H Y,,, 187

200 -17 ( ),,, 8-18,, ,,,, ,, ,,,, 188

201 8-20, 10, 16Mbp s, 16Mbp s10 = 160Mbps FDDI FDDI : ( 1 ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) 1.,,, :,100Mbp s I/ O,,, MAC,,, FDDI A, B,,,, MAC,, MAC,,,,, FDDI MAC 189

202 .,,, IEEE802,,, 110Mbps,, , 8-4,, 1Gbyte(10 9 ) FDDI B ( ), 8-4 ( ) ( ) ,,,,, :,,, :, :,,,, ( ), FDDI - : IEEE802.5,, 190

203 FDDI, ( ) ( SAS ), ( ) (DAS ), DAS, :,, FDDI, FDDI 8-21,,,, 8-21 FDDI,, FDDI, ( )FDDI CDDI( TPDDI) : ( ),,, ( UTP ST P ) 100Mbps, 100m CDDI, CDDI FDDI, CDDI,, 191

204 -3 4B/ 5B Q I H J K A A B B C C D D E E F F T R 0 ( ) S 1 ( ) V H, V H 0 01, V 02,08 16, V V V H V V H 192