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1 本科实验报告课程名称 : 网络系统设计与工程姓名 : 米楠学院 : 计算机学院与软件学院系 : 软将工程专业 : 软件工程学号 : 指导教师 : 邱劲松 2005 年 5 月 29 日

2 浙江大学实验报告课程名称 : 网络系统设计与工程实验类型 : 设计性实验实验项目名称 : 多个交换机互联实验学生姓名 : 米楠专业 : 软件工程学号 : 同组学生姓名 : 指导老师 : 邱劲松实验地点 : 紫金港东网络实验室实验日期 : 07 年 5 月 29 日一实验目的和要求 1. 掌握跨交换机组建 VLAN 的方法 ; 2. 学习多个交换机的冗余组网 ; 3. 利用交换机实现线路负载平衡 ; 二实验内容和原理 1. 用 2 台交换设备和 4 台 PC 组成一个小型局域网, 每个交换机都连接 2 台 PC 机 ; 2. 在二台交换机上各设置 2 个 VLAN, 将每个交换机连接 2 个 PC 的端口分别设置为这 2 个 VLAN 3. 将两个交换机的 VLAN 连起来, 并测试同一组 VLAN 跨交换机的联通性 4. 在交换机之间使用 2 条网线的冗余备份, 并测试当其中 1 条断开后, 另外 1 条是否会自动启用 5. 在交换机之间使用 2 条网线, 达到负载平衡目的, 并测试 2 条网线均连接时, 数据是否从 2 条网线分别传送, 而当 1 条网线断开时, 数据是否全部改从另外 1 条网线和传送三主要仪器设备 PC 机交换机 Console 连接线直联网络线交叉网络线其中, 交换机型号为 Cisco 2950 四操作方法与实验步骤 1. 用 2 台交换设备和 4 台 PC 组成一个小型局域网

3 a) 4 个交换机互相连接组成一个局域网, 每个交换机都连接 2 台 PC 机 ; b) 观察每个交换机的端口状态指示, 确认 PC 机都连接到了交换机的端口 ; c) 输入命令查看当前设置了哪些 VLAN, 缺省所有的端口都属于同一个 VLAN 1, 如果有端口属于非默认 VLAN, 输入命令取消该 VLAN(Cisco 命令 :no vlan ID); d) 每个 PC 机互相测试连通性, 验证局域网已经建立 ; 2. 在二台交换机上各设置 2 个 VLAN a) 输入命令, 在二个交换机上各增加 2 个 VLAN,VLAN ID 分别为 2 3 b) 将每个交换机连接 2 个 PC 的端口分别设置为 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 c) 通过 PING 验证属于同一个 VLAN 的, 但连在不同交换机上的 PC 之间的连通性 3. 将两个交换机的 VLAN 连起来 a) 用网线把 2 个交换机连接起来 b) 输入命令, 设置两个交换机互联的端口采用 Trunk 模式, c) 再次用 PING 命令测试属于同一个 VLAN, 但没有连在同一个交换机上的 PC 之间的连通性 ; 4. 在交换机之间使用冗余备份 a) 在两个交换机之间连接两根网络线 b) 验证回路是否会对交换机之间的通信造成影响 ( 交换机经过 STP 算法后会自动将其中一个端口关闭 ) c) 通过交换机查看当前哪个互联端口在转发状态 d) 拔掉正处于转发状态的端口的网络线 e) 查看另外一个互联端口是否自动成为转发状态 f) 验证 PC 间跨交换机的通信是否正常 5. 在交换机之间使用负载平衡 a) 在两个交换机之间连接两根网络线 b) 将交换机 2 组互联端口配置为中继端口 c) 配置交换机的互联端口, 使不同的 VLAN 数据通过不同的端口传送 d) 拔掉其中 1 根网线后, 验证 2 组同一 VLAN 的 PC 间是否能正常通信 ( 当两个网线均正常时, 各有一部分 VLAN 数据, 当其中一个网线中断时, 所有的 VLAN 数据通过另外一个网线传送 )

4 五实验数据记录和处理实验拓扑图 ( 请在图中描述接口信息 IP 地址 VLAN 划分 ) Vlan FastEthernet 0/1 Vlan 2 FastEthernet 0/ FastEthernet 0/ Vlan 2 Vlan FastEthernet 0/2 FastEthernet 0/ 所使用的命令及实验数据 1. 实验初始时,2 个交换机的 VLAN 信息 : 2. VLAN Name Status Ports default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 5. Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 6. Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 7. Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 8. Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 9. Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/ fddi-default act/unsup token-ring-default act/unsup fddinet-default act/unsup trnet-default act/unsup VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans enet fddi tr

5 fdnet ieee trnet ibm Remote SPAN VLANs 24. Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/ Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/ Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/ fddi-default act/unsup token-ring-default act/unsup fddinet-default act/unsup trnet-default act/unsup VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans enet fddi tr fdnet ieee trnet ibm Remote SPAN VLANs Primary Secondary Type Ports 另外一台交换机相同与上面配置基本相同 47. 在第 1 个交换机上设置 VLAN 的命令, 及配置后的 VLAN 数据库显示结果 : Switch#config terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#interface vlan 2 Switch(config-if)#ip address Switch(config-if)# 设置端口 1,2 为 vlan 2 Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#swirchport mode acess Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2 Switch(config)#interface fast Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/2 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

6 Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2 Switch(config-if)#exit Switch#show vlan ( 配置后的 vlan 信息 ) VLAN Name Status Ports default active Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6 Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10 Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14 Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18 Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22 Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2 2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/1, Fa0/ fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans enet enet fddi tr fdnet ieee trnet ibm 在第 2 个交换机上设置 VLAN 的命令, 及配置后的 VLAN 数据库显示结果 : 第二台交换机上 : Switch# config term Switch(config)# interface ethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 2 Switch(config)# interface ethernet 0/2 Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 2 Vlan 的信息与第一台相同 49. 使用 Ping 测试属于同一组 VLAN, 但连接在不同交换机上 PC 之间联通性的结果 :

没有配置交换机之间的通信时, 属于同一个 vlan, 但是连接不同交换机的 PC 间无法连接 50. 在交换机 1 和交换 2 上配置 Trunk 口的命令 : Switch#config terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

7 没有配置交换机之间的通信时, 属于同一个 vlan, 但是连接不同交换机的 PC 间无法连接 50. 在交换机 1 和交换 2 上配置 Trunk 口的命令 : Switch#config terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#interface fa Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/3 Switch(config-if)# Switch(config-if)# 另外一台相同 : Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/3 Switch(config-if)# 51. 使用 Ping 测试属于同一组 VLAN, 但连接在不同交换机上 PC 之间联通性的结果 :

$在第一台交换机上 : Microsoft Windows XP [ 版本 5.1.2600] (C) 版权所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. D:\Documents and Settings\redflag>ping 10.214.0.4 Pinging 10.214.0.4 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 10.214.0.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 10.$

8 在第一台交换机上 : Microsoft Windows XP [ 版本 ] (C) 版权所有 Microsoft Corp. D:\Documents and Settings\redflag>ping Pinging with 32 bytes of data: Reply from : bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from : bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from : bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from : bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Ping statistics for : Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms D:\Documents and Settings\redflag> 第二台上 :

9 52. 在交换机之间连接 2 根网线后,STP 相关端口的工作状态 : 第二根网线连接端口 fastethernet 0/4 VLAN0001 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 1, address b Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 We are the root of the spanning tree Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set Number of topology changes 1 last change occurred 00:14:19 ago from FastEthernet0/4 Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 300 Port 3 (FastEthernet0/3) of VLAN0001 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated root has priority 32769, address b Designated bridge has priority 32769, address b Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 886, received 0 Port 4 (FastEthernet0/4) of VLAN0001 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated root has priority 32769, address b Designated bridge has priority 32769, address b Designated port id is 128.4, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 890, received 0 VLAN0002 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 2, address b Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 We are the root of the spanning tree Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set Number of topology changes 4 last change occurred 00:11:51 ago from FastEthernet0/3 Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15

10 Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 300 Port 1 (FastEthernet0/1) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 1224, received 0 Port 2 (FastEthernet0/2) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.2, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 1014, received 0 Port 3 (FastEthernet0/3) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 362, received 1 Port 4 (FastEthernet0/4) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b BPDU: sent 365, received 1 另外一台交换机, 有一个端口为 block: VLAN0002 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol

11 Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 2, address 0011.bb90.97c0 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Current root has priority 32770, address b Root port is 3 (FastEthernet0/3), cost of root path is 19 Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set Number of topology changes 6 last change occurred 00:01:35 ago from FastEthernet0/3 Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 300 Port 1 (FastEthernet0/1) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address 0011.bb90.97c0 Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 19 BPDU: sent 658, received 0 Port 2 (FastEthernet0/2) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address 0011.bb90.97c0 Designated port id is 128.2, designated path cost 19 BPDU: sent 658, received 0 Port 3 (FastEthernet0/3) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 2, forward delay 0, hold 0 BPDU: sent 1, received 77 Port 4 (FastEthernet0/4) of VLAN0002 is blocking Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b3.5600

12 Designated port id is 128.4, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 1, forward delay 0, hold 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state: 0 BPDU: sent 1, received 拔掉其中 1 根网线后,STP 相关端口的工作状态, 以及 PC 间联通性测试结果 : VLAN0001 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 1, address b Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 We are the root of the spanning tree Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set Number of topology changes 3 last change occurred 00:00:52 ago from FastEthernet0/3 Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 300 Port 4 (FastEthernet0/4) of VLAN0001 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated root has priority 32769, address b Designated bridge has priority 32769, address b Designated port id is 128.4, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 1278, received 2 VLAN0002 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 2, address b Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 We are the root of the spanning tree Topology change flag set, detected flag set Number of topology changes 6 last change occurred 00:00:53 ago from FastEthernet0/3 Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Timers: hello 0, topology change 12, notification 0, aging 15 Port 1 (FastEthernet0/1) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 0

13 BPDU: sent 1519, received 0 Port 2 (FastEthernet0/2) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.2, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 1309, received 0 Port 4 (FastEthernet0/4) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.4, designated path cost 0 BPDU: sent 664, received 4 另外一台交换机, 本来 block 的端口开始启用 : VLAN0002 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 2, address 0011.bb90.97c0 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Current root has priority 32770, address b Root port is 4 (FastEthernet0/4), cost of root path is 19 Topology change flag set, detected flag not set Number of topology changes 11 last change occurred 00:00:32 ago from FastEthernet0/4 Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 15 Port 1 (FastEthernet0/1) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address 0011.bb90.97c0 Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 19

BPDU: sent 1246, received 0 BPDU: sent 1246, received 0 Port 2 (FastEthernet0/2) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.2. Designated bridge has priority 32770, address 0011.

14 BPDU: sent 1246, received 0 BPDU: sent 1246, received 0 Port 2 (FastEthernet0/2) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address 0011.bb90.97c0 Designated port id is 128.2, designated path cost 19 BPDU: sent 1246, received 0 Port 4 (FastEthernet0/4) of VLAN0002 is forwarding Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier Designated bridge has priority 32770, address b Designated port id is 128.4, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 1, forward delay 0, hold 0 BPDU: sent 4, received 665 Vlan 中 pc 间的联通性测试 :

15 54. 设置交换机 1 和交换机 2 之间 VLAN 数据负载均衡的命令 : 设计两个 vlan :vlan2 vlan3 2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/1 3 VLAN0003 active Fa0/2 另外一个交换机一样设计相应的 vlan2 vlan3 实验拓扑图 : Vlan FastEthernet 0/1 FastEthernet 0/4 Vlan 2 FastEthernet 0/ FastEthernet 0/ Vlan 3 Vlan FastEthernet 0/2 FastEthernet 0/ Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/3 Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree vlan 2 port-priority 16 Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/4 Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree vlan 3 port-priority 根网线都插上时, 和拔掉其中 1 根网线后, 不同 VLAN 内部 PC 间的联通性测试结果 2 根网线和一根网线时,vlan2 之间的 pc 都可以 ping 通注意 : 刚拔掉网线时, 交换机切换传输端口需要一定时间, 所以不能马上 ping 通稍等即可 ping 通

16 56. 实验结束后,2 个交换机上的当前运行配置为 (show running-config 的显示结果截取 ): Current configuration : 2411 bytes version 12.2 no service pad service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption hostname Switch

17 no aaa new-model ip subnet-zero no file verify auto spanning-tree mode pvst spanning-tree extend system-id vlan internal allocation policy ascending interface FastEthernet0/1 switchport access vlan 2 switchport mode access interface FastEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode access interface FastEthernet0/3 spanning-tree vlan 2 port-priority 16 interface FastEthernet0/4 shutdown spanning-tree vlan 3 port-priority 16 interface FastEthernet0/5 interface FastEthernet0/6 interface FastEthernet0/7 interface FastEthernet0/8 interface FastEthernet0/9

18 interface FastEthernet0/10 interface FastEthernet0/11 interface FastEthernet0/12 interface FastEthernet0/13 interface FastEthernet0/14 interface FastEthernet0/15 interface FastEthernet0/16 interface FastEthernet0/17 interface FastEthernet0/18 interface FastEthernet0/19 interface FastEthernet0/20 interface FastEthernet0/21 interface FastEthernet0/22 interface FastEthernet0/23 interface FastEthernet0/24

19 interface GigabitEthernet0/1 interface GigabitEthernet0/2 interface Vlan1 ip address interface Vlan2 ip address interface Vlan3 no ip address ip classless ip http server control-plane line con 0 password login line vty 0 password login line vty 1 4 no login line vty 5 15 no login ip http server

20 control-plane line con 0 password login line vty 0 password login line vty 1 4 no login line vty 5 15 no login end 六实验结果与分析 1. 没设置 vlan 前, 同一交换机不同 vlan 的 PC 不能通信 2. 设置 vlan 后, 同一交换机同一 vlan 的 PC 可以通信, 但是不同交换机同一 vlan 间的 PC 依然不能通信说明交换机之间的连通性还没有实现 3. 设置交换机之间的 Trunk 口通信后, 不同交换机同一 vlan 间的 PC 可以通信分析原因 : 是因为设置 Trunk 口通信后, 交换机之间的消息传输时会加上 tag 这样, 通信的交换机就知道这个消息是传送给哪个 vlan 的 PC 的 4. 双网线连接后, 交换机之间为了避免回路, 会根据 spanning-tree 算法自动 block 一个端口, 这样就不会出现广播风暴当端口其中一个网线后, 交换机会自动检测本来 block 的端口并开启它, 这样交换机又可以正常工作了 5. 交换机负载均衡中,vlan2,vlan3 分别使用不同的端口传输, 当其中一个端口断开后, 两个 vlan 的信息均从同一端口传输, 将会使带宽负载大增七讨论心得 1. 通过交换机互联实验, 学习和熟悉了交换机组建小型局域网的原理与操作 2. 了解了交换机对应广播风暴的策略, 交换机通过自己之间的通信确定 spanning-tree 算法 block 回路中的某段线路 3. 当端口断开, 交换机需要切换线路时, 可能会有一些延迟, 交换机需要时间分析线路并重启被 block 的线路, 此时需要稍等 PC 间才能通信

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计算机网络概论 1 repeater bridge router gateway V.S OSI Repeater(Hub) 1 Repeater 2 3 ( Hub 4 Bridge 1 Bridge 2 N N DL1 DL1 DL2 DL2 Ph1 Ph1 Ph2 Ph2 1 2 Bridge 3 MAC Ethernet FDDI MAC MAC Bridge 4 5 6 7 50873EA6, 00123456