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化谈
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1 69 理論參參度理識降了參力冷冷數不 Dahl, 度 1 度離 political efficacy 2 念 Campbell Gurin Miller 1954:187 念兩 internal political efficacy 力理參 external political efficacy 行 Lane, 1959; Converse, 1972 兩力識 3 1 度洛契度 Milton Rokeach 度見 Bernard Hennessy 麗識 sense of political efficacy 行度識量離 3 識識領念識

2 70 識陸 2002 行識識參了識行利識度參降立不異論論領論 Kim J. et al., 率論刺見識 5 不識來力參度力來更 news media 識林 Dahl 來參洞理度 Dahl, 行理來路 Bernard Hennessy 麗 2000

3 71 6 見來 trigger 度來 Delli Carpini 立力利 20 John Dewey 便 Democracy and Education 不說 common community communication 豈 7 理立利異不見度見理論理不切 6 Delli Carpini 了 Kahnemar Tversky heuristic decision 類 representativeness 類類來利 availability 利 adjustment and anchoring 量 simulation 理來 Delli Carpini Society not only continues to exist by transmission, by communication, but it may fairly be said to exist in transmission, in communication. There is no more than a verbal tie between the words common, community, and communication. Men live in a community in virtue of the things which they come to posses things in common. (Dewey, 1958:5)

4 72 異見 Robert G. Picard 例 8 例不利不利不不利論不利 McQuail 劉類讀不見 9 Ansolabehere Ansolabehere, Behr, & lyengar, the media as educator 領更識 the media as monitor 惡行不不 8 Yankelovich 不不亂 Kurpius D.D.& Mendelson A. 2002: 行行力林 1978 行不異量論

5 73 不利來理 Delli Carpini, 來來說便 Ansolabehere, Behr, & lyengar, Iyengar Kinder 度了了度力不利年來 overabundance 樂 popularization 度聯兩見識練不 11 濾濾例 10 CALL-IN 更參論 CALL-IN 更不見 VerWey 論 CALL-IN 11 不行不練不良數來理兩來

6 74 不利力量便立 Robert G. Picard 不數力若了烈 Bohman 2000 Gutmann Thompson 1996 兩不論邏若邏論論行參行烈年屢林 2006 便不力度力度立力度不 Lindblom 力了 Lindblom Adam Smith 1. 不不 2. 力量 3. 利 4. 不行不 Robert G. Picard 年立年 TVBS-N 立

7 75 魯 Marshall McLuhan The Medium is the Message 不來了若更力若利力量便立 Habermas, 2006: 415 利力了行不 Robert G. Picard 樂度烈更度度行度便更力來 16 見 14 參 Lindblom 不 15 類易理理論 Lindblom, 度度度力 Laissez-faire 來理兩來例易見易兩例 1997 年金暴行靈度金暴 Lindblom

8 76 行 17 力不來惡不不不了力量了 18 不更不行類力量 19 量 public goods externality 20 不 21 nonrivalrous nonexcludable Baker, 數不零降 17 爲了識領不來 18 John H. McManus 1994 年 market-driven journalism McManus, 理了度略了力不量 Baker 不略裡什 Lindblom 念 rivalry excludability rivalrous consumption 不

9 77 不不更 first-copy cost 不了力利數量 Robert G. Picard 不不不更更更利 Baker, 不參易易了 22 Baker, 若易 positive externality 若易不 negative externality 23 不來量不來量若便力 22 spillovers 易易參例類 Lindblom 例若利更來讀不不

10 78 利識 24 易易易易例異識力了易行兩不行行 Giving the audience what it wants 索不若利便 failure to buy 不良索不良廉便 24 度數

11 79 不更行例暴力了暴力露行度兩若力 Baker ruinous competition too many products, too many fake diversity 利力力量略見利利例殺利 Chester J 不 25 不了了 Lindblom learning 什 agenda setting framing responsibility 論說 persuasion 行 Ansolabehere et al.,

12 80 行力度利立立度 market segment 更力力力利年來度力度例降靈不利便行度度了 public journalism 論年力 28 率降行量滑聯浪 29 理念 27 public journalism 紐 Jay Rosen 1993 年率 civic journalism 理論 28 利來便理 29 Friedland Rosen Austin 1994 論聯論更不力量立連 Friedland, 2000

13 81 30 論論立 31 度了領力參 public deliberation 32 public dialogue 量 33 讀聯 community connectedness 聯略勵參不 Dzur, 淪 Fallows 林論不論量理 32 來行 33 率降了行列度

14 82 1. 率綠行來見來行 2. 行 community conversation public listening 行理力來 3. 行見見 public journalists 不見 issue 露更利見諾了行領 media public sphere 行力利立利量 comprehensive 不見不不立立來切易便讀理 Haas,

15 83 理立 34 了立了易 35 見立了易立 Neuman, Just, & Crigler, 1992 立若兩不論 Donohue, Olien & Tichenor, 1985 不易易識立更立不更降理論若立理度來參論了 Rosen, 1999 了度立識來理 34 Gamson & Modigliani, 例烈李李

16 84 2. 論識料不 3. 行立不 4. 論不論理若理不行論 5. 不論說理量易讀參了見量度讀了列類更理度參說不立理更論論不立論更了論

17 85 識論見參度來參參理不理不論不見理領 Habermas ( 1991 ) 來領 public sphere 立參論領更易更流理論 by rational discussion among free and equal citizens John Elster, 利利論說不立論 36 見度 36 理論不不率

18 86 論降見不參識 Barabas J., 2004 論度暴露不論勵烈見見連論見參不見識更見論便不見參 37 便利論行理論良見更論什 38 不來立理金來立勵來見識參 37 inclusion 兩 Dzur, information conduits 參 moderator 2. critics 露略參 38 C-SPAN s 了若論列度行論念更念更見來更度論 Kurpius, D.D. & Mendelson, A. 2002:598

19 87 度了行不不降了若見識了力見淪參論烈參 1980 年論論論勵參不來不論參見理論理來理參 Bourdieu 論 Sur la television 林來樂降率論論切論立說論

20 88 識行力聯立勵見見流論領論立論理論更參 2100 例 39 流論立 theatrical intensities 識論論參見不異立不理論不利連立理力 2000 類立來論來 39 勵參論來識立理論 2100 論

21 89 利不識見參利利不了參更見立論不利參更理論 40 契力 critical autonomy Aufderheide, 力量識參識力行壟識識讀識不不力林麗識讀識讀力不 critical literacy essential for civic courage 41 incorporates 40 Aufderheide 年 2 度 Potter 1998 media literacy 念連 continuum 不類 categorical developed multi-dimensional 更 control over interpretation 41 Criticos social literacy 識力行 technological literacy communicative literacy

22 90 literacy 行 Criticos, 見來力度參行率不論年不行例讀 call-in 留度力行讀行識讀不參識更連來不參力若度兩行律臨烈

23 91 不 sensational 度易度利易度讀易降行見力 1998 了惡力量略了利令行更了見流力量度 media accountability system public responsibility or trust frame 度度度參 Bardoel and d Hanens, 2004:170 度參度行行 1999 professional accountability 劉律律律 1947 年

24 92 論論力惡惡年度論度不利不利論論 42 律度林麗 2004 力量利烈利内更利律行行律行不力律度行烈論參律行類 Schultz and Held, 2001: 律行參立律立律靈律不行 42 度行 co-regulation 律 regulated self-regulation 律 audited self-regulation

25 93 不立律 Schulz et al., 2005 論參律律類 Office of Communications 參參律念律參念見劉了理論參更不連了六論參若不識異便易立便不識立來了略理識略了不了濫見不流拉率更易略

26 94 數不利 Robert G. Picard 若不度 44 critical political economy of communication, CPEC 45 立來立 46 CPEC 力量不不樂參論利行利度 Dahl 李林不不度契壟若利 44 類 Robert G. Picard 理論 SCP Structure-Conduct-Performance market structure 行 market conduct market performance Wirth and Wollet, 見 CPEC 拓

27 95 不不度 Lindblom 行度了靈 -- 度量了參便行度利異來行理 Robert G. Picard 見了說理立惡力理 47 行連念良參理論林行理識論度離切 47 不例識 Lindblom

28 96 勵參惡了利更惡了來利識了見立異理料見了識不立來識立論更烈立異異異立識不不見異論理見不參例路流論來識見

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untitled 理論度行省理論略度來度來利量利數利累略了行理度度流度度理理林度列行領行量利立數 19 利來利量不見來不見利利利不利利力利利力量利利力理理領更參了落理論參來理論更來若 20 利不利更不利理利力不不參領不利領理參勵利利識不