數 理 類 (Film, Data, Video) Film Path Film Data 錄 Digital Postproduction 理, 數 V to D DDR D to V DDR Video *Decomp Video TV DVD Electronic and Video Path 1
數 Digital Intermediate Original Negative (16mm) Video/CG input Original Negative 35mm Digital Recording Scanning Intermediate Original Negative Digital Source Color Duplicate Negative Color Release Print Master Color Master Positive Color Release Print Color Duplicate Negative Color Release Print 數 Digital Intermediate 2
數 流 理 Audio 力 FILM @ 6k, 4k,2k FILM @ 1920 to 2k FILM > HD Video HD Video DVcam Etc 10 Bit Logarithmic 14 Bit Linear HD 8:8:8 HD 4:4:4 HD 4:2:2 SD 4:4:4 SD 4:2:2 Etc 理 FILM @ 4k FILM @ 2k HD Video SD Video DVD Etc Digital Intermediate 3
數 列 數 領 () 來 來 數 Video 數 Video 來 數 數 行 數 力 更 力 4
數 Digital Intermediate Computer Graphics Other (Video, etc.) 數. 粒 Audio 5
SPECIAL EFFECTS 行 DI 行 來 數 Film Digital Intermediate 路 樂 TV Other I/Ps SDTV & HDTV DVD 6
率 錄 錄 : 錄了 不 行 不 數 - 來 錄 數 不 7
數, 力 更 (fades, dissolves, etc.) 理 力 (,) Image Spaces 力 利度 Resolution and Sharpness 理 Color Management Calibration 8
不 不 ; DI 流 了 數 數 FX 數 錄 FX 數 錄 9
數 Space Image Value Spatial Sampling Dynamic Range Aliasing Ratio Density Continuous Range 18 to 20 stops of scene None Digital values Pixels defined by number of pixels/line and number lines/ frame. Generally 2K to 6K pixels/line Depends on number of bits and RGB mapping. Typically 10 bits printing density Increases to 100% on image feature whose width is equal to one line spacing FX Digital values Pixels defined by number of pixels/line and number lines/frame. Depends on number of bits and RGB mapping. Typically 16 bits linear or floating point Increases to 100% on image feature whose width is equal to one line spacing 錄 Digital values Pixels defined by number of pixels/line and number lines/frame. Generally 2K to 6K pixels/line Depends on number of bits and RGB mapping. Generally 10 bits log Increases to 100% on image feature whose width is equal to one line spacing Density Continuous Range 18 to 20 stops (260,000:1 to 1,000,000:1) referred to screen None Density Continuous Depends on film. Range 13 to 18 stops (12,000:1 to 250,000:1) None 力 度 利 數 力 (35 mm, full aperture): 2K 3K 4K 8K 2048 x 1556 3072 x 2334 4096 x 3112 8192 x 6224 40 cycles/mm 60 cycles/mm 80 cycles/mm 160 cycles/mm 2K 35 mm 10
SAMPLING AND PERCEIVED QUALITY Sampling errors or artifacts have different visibility depending on the distance of viewing. HOW MANY BITS? 亮度, 亮 數 log, 例 度, 更 來 10 bit log 10 bit log 12 to 13 bit linear 16 bit linear 來 8 bit 10 bit 12 bit 16 bit 32 bit 2 8 gradations 2 10 gradations 2 12 gradations 2 16 gradations 2 32 gradations or floating point 256 intensity levels 1024 intensity levels 4096 intensity levels 65536 intensity levels 4.3 billion intensity levels 11
QUANTIZATION AND BIT DEPTH (B&W) 2 Levels (1 Bit) 4 Levels (2 Bits) 8 Levels (3 Bits) 16 Levels (4 Bits) QUANTIZATION AND BIT DEPTH (COLOR) 5 bits / color 3 bits / color 12
Gamuts on an x-y Chart 0.90 0.80 0.70 Spectral Locus Film Gamut Rec 709 - HDTV AHG Recommendation 0.60 0.50 y 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 x 色彩管理的需求 降 流 數 13
人類對色彩的感知 類 刺 理論 綠 藍 錄 Film, 了 離 量狀, 金. 金. CCD, (electron), 洞 (electrical well). 數量 CCD 量 洞 度. CCD 14
錄, 度 / / 利度. 列 ( 連 錄 力 ). 數 video, 狀 CCD. 錄. 見 B G R 400 nm 500nm 600 nm 700nm Wavelength (nanometers) 15
藍綠 Yellow Magenta Cyan () 列 彩色電影底片剖面圖 ( 沖洗後 ) 16
(Amount of Light Hitting Film) 2.8 3 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.8 2 1.6 1.4 Density 1.2 0.8 1 0.6 0.4 0.2 0-3.6-3.2-2.8-2.4-2 -1.6-1.2-0.8-0.4 0 Relative Log Exposure (Amount of Information Recorded) Electrons Captured 度 -Video Clipping Occurs Here Increased Exposure 理 COLOR MANAGEMENT 理 = 理, 17
鍊 立 立 CINEON/DPX file DI 設備初始設定 根據製造商的建議規範設定設備 初始狀態 已知色彩特性 維持設定 18
設備調校 量 錄 度 色域標定 Gamut Mapping 壓縮修正演算法 19
色域標定 : 壓縮 vs 裁減 理 獨立的調校軟體 兩步驟 設定最佳化 產生一個拷貝片風貌視覺 3D LUT 20
理 HD DATA HD HD to 10 bit log 理 Kodak Display Manager 數 LAD 錄 Digital LAD http://www.kodak.com/go/dlad (code value) R-445 G-445 B-445 21
Digital LAD Digital LAD 數 錄 數 Digital LAD 錄 90% ( 亮 ) ->(code value) = 685 18% () ->(code value) = 470 2% () ->(code value) = 180 (D-min) ->(code value) = 95 22
KODAK Telecine Analysis Film (TAF) - Waveform monitor Vectorscope Image 量 度 狀 數 ( ) 便 23
Kodak Gray Card Plus White Gray White 80 IRE Gray 45 IRE Black 20 IRE ( 7.5IRE) Black 柯達色彩科學 料 Digital DPX XYZ Perceptual Out of Gamut Remapping XYZ 識 24