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联合国防治荒漠化公约 Distr.: General 9 September 2011 Chinese Original: English ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 公约执行情况审评委员会 }è ~ 2011 10 11 Ž 20 Ç ñ g zèr 6(b) ² Ø ºw º¹ º Â qº } 粮食安全倡导政策框架草案秘书处的说明 z Ç É ¹ } np q É ¹ «¾ t øm Ìm q Šü Â ä¹ q f f ÁÈ zë v ö É ¹ÁÈq¼ äq ý v ù ~k²fv É ¹q ÀØ z Ç íˆ o ÀØ qo kv Ä f q j ˆ ²qž Í q n z ýv ü Åq xö { ŸÙ Ê GE.11-63426 (C) 061011 101011

目录 Šx x.... 1-6 3 p. Šü Â ä¹ É ¹ } q... 7-15 3. q É ¹ Ågq... 16-41 5 A. ¼... 19-27 6 B. äq ü Çj... 28-41 11. À É ¹ÁÈqù ~kø... 42-67 15 A. ² Émr... 43-53 15 B. ² Éq ³... 54-61 18 C. ² ÉÌn r ä... 62 20 D. Îz... 63-67 20 p. uºp q qx... 68-72 21 ¹. ŸÙ Ê... 73-92 22 A. Å... 75-82 22 B. ç ç Å... 83-88 23 C. ¹k Å... 89-92 24.... 93-97 26 Âz I. Where investment in land is coming from and where it s going... 27 II. Some references about successes in agriculture and sustainable land and water management... 28 2 GE.11-63426

一. 二. 导言 1. 2010 ¹dn» qtøg 9.25 u ºf 98%m ö f np tg q ü n³ Øq z ˆö f Ç jž É ¹qÁÈ j Œ tøœ Åg x~ ä j Ä jù ö è ö r 2. ² Å ù q Ø ÍŸ qmr ùx Í Î ùxmr q É m ç ç Åqºü ùx qü kœ Ù À¹k f q w ö 3. rðå i qê Ÿ Èö º Œ qmr Î¾ f À qœ Ð¹k í dn É qù µ Ø o² ÁÈq ² ² q É ÙùŒ ~²Í Ê Ä q 4. 2008 ¾dÁÈdnö 1 v Ç ²ôpè ¾d «k x ¾d «ùx Ã«rm q ²ô è ö qüyù ~kž Å o q² ºf qž Í n o ö q ²oj Îo¾dm r Ã o¾ çq«rð ù Ø Éq ²q Å Œ² v qâí p Å Å 5. Â É ¹ zf Šü Â ä¹ ( ä¹ ) q 194 f ùxö ºÀ n ü Í } Ø ù ~k q «Ø ²ä qmr Ã ¾ «² É ¹ž q «6. zé ü ² v É ¹ÁÈ Ågq qg zs v gv É ¹² qù ~kž z² Çoºpüf Å q q 联合国防治荒漠化公约粮食安全倡导政策框架的必要性 7. ä¹ Í 194 f q Â x ÁÈg~ oè x g Ÿ 1 x ²q É üqˆƒ Âz 1 World development report 2008. Agriculture for development (op. 2007). Washington (D.C.): World Bank. <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/intwdr2008/resources/wdr_00_book.pdf>. GE.11-63426 3

Ÿ 1 ä¹ q œè «Ã Å Âz 53 q Âzp 57 ˆ ØÝ Âz 33 f äµç Âz 12 fd Âzp 18 Âzf Êq qº ö² 17 Âzf Êq qº 3 ç ƒä 1 ü 194 8. 2007 ¹ ³²o ² Ÿ ¹ qè n Ê (2008-2018 )( n ) ºf Ço ¹k~ º q² x ± Â ä/ ²ä n g ä¹ Ì º ~ À n q 9. Í ä¹ j ö ÁÈrŠ q {¹ n q u t Ÿ g ²m ( Ÿ ) ²t øm qð z Œ ¹ƒt q É ¹ j z 10. ¹ q{ø 2 ˆ Â É ¹ z º ºÀ n x ü ù ~kž ± ²äq }qg º Œ qmr ² É ¹ 11. ä¹ º ~ qéù o ŸÙ g Ÿ ¹ qg ºi ²qŸÙ q no xçv qõ ¾ ÊÇoÂ ä ²äÄ q Â Î 12. É ¹ } q r v Í ²ä q q } Í É ¹ÁÈ Ø ²ä mr q «13. É ¹ } f q } ž ä µ Âj ¹ iâqš ä¹ Šü ä ¹ ( ¹ ) mg ¹ 2 Article 10, paragraph 3 (c), of the Convention provides the mandate for addressing policies and measures on food security. 4 GE.11-63426

14. zg ä¹ zl f x ü Í } º qì º qµéõ ( ) rº } ²È È Í Í q } º µá }iâqé 15. g ä¹ É ¹ } Ù } ³²d qù ~kž Ø Émrq ûü ¹ žçà pž q w ²z v Ä qè Î ä zî{ í tø Ú À² mq v É ¹ ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 三. 旱地的粮食安全 : 面临的挑战 16. Šü Éö¾d ( ¾ )q i ù t { µœ g«x~ ¹»q É ºz Ÿ m qžéä öég jo É ¹ 3 ¹dntøf 1/6 ²q z 4 ºf m ç Çj²y À ²q ç¼ qñ k üf Å À äq 17. j q 5 2007 Ê ä¹ ç ŸÂzq ë ¹dn» tøq 93%x Å q ri Î Å Âtøf² 23% Ÿ g» ( 1) ¹k» tøf q ë 2/3 5.77 u( 2) 1 ä¹ ÂzÉÊq» tøé Source UNCCD Data WorldDataBank(<http://data.worldbank.org/>) accessed August 2011. 3 Rome Declaration on World Food Security World Food Summit 13 17 November 1996. <http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.htm>. 4 Personal communication. David Nabarro, United Nations Special Representative on Food Security and Nutrition. 5 WorldDataBank (<http://data.worldbank.org/>), accessed August 2011. GE.11-63426 5

2 ä¹ ÂzÉÊq» tø Source UNCCD Data WorldDataBank(<http://data.worldbank.org/>) accessed August 2011. 18.» tø 2007 xð r Â ¾ ¹k x np 2008 Ë z {é» tøq ö 2008 2009 ²Í tønp¼ qœ ² í A. 内在挑战 19. þ ÿ â é q ç º q i Â ö i 0.05 Í 0.65 iâ 6 ²y ë f kÿåq 40%x 7 ( 3) 6 Article 1 (g) of the Convention. 7 Safriel U and Z Adeel, Ecosystems and human well-being. Chapter 22 - Dryland systems (2005). Washington, DC: Island Press. <http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.291.aspx.pdf>. 6 GE.11-63426

3 ä¹ x Source ESRI, 1993 CRU/UEA UNEP/GRID,1991 1. «p 20. npüym ñ Î Éä r Ÿƒ} q ³ «p np g Å ƒ( È 20 ñ fg 0.3-1%) Ã ² ²y È 20 ñ fq»g«ÿ ¾ Š È q 8 Í 10 ñ ˆnq «pq µé 8 2. 21. ¹dn q Â Í 650 d²yâ {Â Â qé ä np ä È ²y À²~ v ˆ u tøåg q oz( ) 9 Í 2020 ä ²ä q ùœ~ˆ¹dn² ÉipqtøÅg q ÁÈ ²q Ì z «tøˆpo q 16%qtøÀ m «gì ² 8 Raunet M and K Naudin. 2006. Lutte contre la désertification : l apport d une agriculture en semis direct sur couverture végétale permanente (SCV). Les dossiers thématiques du CSFD. N 4.Septembre 2006. CSFD/Agropolis, Montpellier, France. 40p. 9 Global Impact. Columbia News. <http://news.columbia.edu/drylands>. GE.11-63426 7

äqå ûê ç 10 ¹kùnq f 70% p f ùn g ù 11%ù g 11 qœ gmr º 3. ²ä 22. ²q {u{ Ç 1981 Í 2003 iâ ö f ²äq Åz Ø 1% 12 p qd Å «pq ²y²ä m qtø e q dntøf 41%m Å¾d gg m ²ù q ² Î qg 81% ï g qg 77% Í g 70% Â g 66% 13 4. ¾dr Àiƒ 4 1962 Í 2009 Â ä¹ ÂzÉÊq gr (¹ /¹È) Source UNCCD Data WorldDataBank(<http://data.worldbank.org/>) accessed August2011. 23. v 1962 Í 2009 ¹k gr Øo( 4) ²y ÛÃ s q Ì dn Ÿ Ç 14 xêå qr ² Â z «r Ír gì ö f g«{q¾ n 10 Thomas RJ, E De Pauw, M Qadir, A Amri, M Pala, A Yahyaoui, M El-Bouhssini, M Baum, L Iñiguez and K Shideed, Increasing the Resilience of Dryland Agro-ecosystems to Climate Change, SAT ejournal, December 2007, Volume 4, Issue 1, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. <http://www.icrisat.org/journal/specialproject/sp5.pdf>. 11 Global Environment Outlook GEO 4. Environment for development (2007). Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. < http://www.unep.org/geo/geo4/report/geo-4_report_full_en.pdf>. 12 Bai ZG, DL Dent, L Olsson and ME Schaepman. 2008. Global assessment of land degradation and improvement. 1. Identification by remote sensing. Report 2008/01, ISRIC World Soil Information, Wageningen. 13 <http://www.earth-policy.org>. 14 World development report 2008. Agriculture for development (op. 2007). Washington (D.C.): World Bank. <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/intwdr2008/resources/wdr_00_book.pdf>. 8 GE.11-63426

u{ ²ôÅè Å q»é Ÿg«15 nptø À }Š}~ q ~k ¼²n ² È ˆn Ø Òo ²äq j ¹dn npüy ²ä³ q È ² 420 uˆµ 16 5. tø À 24. 5 x dntøv 1960 q 26 u ØÍ 2008 q 60 u Ào 134% ² ³ ü ä¹ Âz qt ùnš Ã o 35% Å Ã o 55% íˆ²q q ƒ tø Àiv 2.2% ÂÍ 1.2% Å v Î 2008 g 2.4% d²f³ Å tø 30 ¼ n 17 5 ä¹ ÂzÉÊqtøöùŠ ä ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 Source UNCCD Data: WorldDataBank(<http://data.worldbank.org/>) accessed August 2011. 15 Haggblade S and P Hazell (2010) mention the pioneering work by Smaling and colleagues. Smaling, EMA, JJ Stoorvogel and PN Windmeijer. 1993. Calculating soil nutrient balances in Africa at different scales. SSSA Special Publication no.51. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Soil Science Society of America. 16 Dregne HE, and N-T Chou. 1992. Global desertification dimensions and costs. In Degradation and restoration of arid lands. Lubbock: Texas Tech. University. 17 The figure of 2.4 per cent is the overall figure for Africa. In some countries the figure is much higher; in both Niger and Mali it is 3.6 per cent, which would lead to a doubling of the population in slightly less than 20 years. GE.11-63426 9

6. «{ 25. tøf 90%g{t 18 «{ Ÿv g öö fdn É ¹ Ãqg ñ 19 Ð Éz ²ÍË qî k Ž ¾ q {t É Å r Ä ³ mž z Û 7. Ì 26. ¾d Ã É ¹ Åº ºÀ n ö f q¾ dúù f ëí 43% ˆ g 20% dq xêå g 50% 20 ³ ««Í gé Ä n Ÿ q~ u ¹dnq¾ º y mr««å n ²y Ì uˆ¾dµá dˆ f x~xö µgi«çxz 8» 27.» y y» i ²Ò» q É Ž Œ ÊÉ ²Íüy üég( q«)iâq Ÿ ~Çj» ÁÈ ²fÁÈ g ¾dm zâío y ² qêéx ggg Â Ÿµ q ä¹ Âz p q ² i Î( 6) Ž» ö miî gì µ fâ q» ~ Žµ ƒ ö ö f ² 1.47 uq ÚÐµ ö ² v i ³ ö ² Œ q úµç 21 18 Safriel U and Z Adeel, Ecosystems and human well-being. Chapter 22 - Dryland systems (2005). Washington, DC: Island Press. <http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.291.aspx.pdf>. 19 Sen A. 1981. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, Clarendon Press, Oxford. 20 The state of food and agriculture. Women in agriculture : closing the gender gap for development (2011). Rome: FAO. <http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2050e/i2050e.pdf>. 21 5th report of the United Nations Standing Committee on the World Nutrition Situation, 2004, <http://www.unscn.org/layout/modules/resources/files/rwns5.pdf>. 10 GE.11-63426

6 ä¹ ÂzÉÊq» ömi(v 2004 Í 2009 5 x µ fƒ ² q ) Source UNCCD Data WorldDataBank(<http://data.worldbank.org/>) accessed August 2011. B. 不断恶化的因素 : 许多挑战同时出现 1. Ë z Î{ 28. 2009 ¹k gmr²í t 367 ¹ 22 í t 1 ¹ ù g Ç»Ä 75% 23 d x v 1992 Í 2009 ¹k Émr À 2.8% tø À 1.4% 24 ² gr É ¹ µéñ 2010/2011 ¹k gr fq 54%n o Éi qº rq (g ÙgÊ ¾de ) 2008/2009 Í 2010/2011 Â Å Én² q Øo 5.8% Én²q gr ù Øo 2.5% 25 29. º f frâ tøq Ú À Ä q À g ± npmr mr 1 ¹ Ä 7 Í 10 ¹ g rð t g «í 180 ¹ ˆÌ ü} Êg 725 ¹ ˆ r «30. É Åq qö k Ùo Éz q Œ z é Û Îo gmr gì ¾d pîœ q Å ¾dmr 22 Source: UNCCD; Data: WorldDataBank (<http://data.worldbank.org/>), accessed August 2011. 23 350 kcal for 100g of cereal-equivalent; 2000 kcal per day as basic need. 24 Source: UNCCD; Data: WorldDataBank (<http://data.worldbank.org/>), accessed August 2011. 25 FAO, Food Outlook, Global market analysis, November 2010 and June 2011. <http://www.fao.org/giews/english/fo/index.htm>. GE.11-63426 11

g gmr ³ qàç 2005 i º 2009 Ì qömq xö 2010 ˆ q µøòoë z q Ù ¾de mrëno Émrn v Îoz 31. v 2007 3 Í 2008 3 ¹k Éz 43% q öo ÉÍm g «mžfrâ «m ÄqÉg Ÿ² µ É npég 2011 1 dn Éz u 2008 q ƒ 3% 26 32. z q²y Ù ö Ÿg uh Ë q «v 2002 q 130 u µ éí 2010 q 2050 u µ ~ u{ Ÿ z qz ty È Ø qr~ Í 27 2. «æi 33. Ù 1980 1990 x q Ê h q Å ³ Žü ž v ƒ ±ý ƒ qâ ¾dq ö Ù{Èv 1980 q 19% ÂÍ 2010 q 5% š ö f 70%qtøm ¾ ç ¾d rÿ ¹º q ¼ Ã i² q ³ gà äxö µ Øo q r «n 3. káè ë ÁÈ 34. káè qºà íˆ Ä ¾dq¹º yt ««Í ùåq «Ãƒ µˆy µá «²y¾d 2008 ÉÍmiý ty»qy «À{ Çj q ³²«m z«ë q 28 dn Ÿq { v 2009 ö f ºÇ 4500 ¹Èq Ðè Çè Ìq Åz ² qùš Åz ³²²q Ì Ç «wyÿ¾d Ë r Û q Ì Ç ²q g Å²ø» tø q É ¹ mr 1 ¹ 26 World Bank Food Price Watch February 2011. <http://www.worldbank.org/foodcrisis/food_price_watch_report_feb2011.html>. 27 G20 (2011): Action Plan On Food Price Volatility And Agriculture. Meeting of G20 Agriculture Ministers Paris, 22 and 23 June 2011. Ministerial Declaration. <http://agriculture.gouv.fr/img/pdf/2011-06-23_-_action_plan_-_vfinale.pdf>. 28 Michel Clavé (2010): Les cessions d actifs agricoles à des investisseurs étrangers dans les pays en développement. Éléments de diagnostic et pistes de recommandations. With assistance of Blandine Barreau Patrick Brouchet Dominique Auverlot. Paris. <http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/content/rapportles-cessions-d%e2%80%99actifs-agricoles-des-investisseurs-etrangers-dans-les-pays-en-devel-0>. 12 GE.11-63426

Ø Äq 1600 é n tø «29 ²q ë µ goçø rqq¾dmr( Âz ) 35. Å «i ÌŒ ˆ «³ Ÿëq d³ öºtø e q Ì Å í mr Éq o v ³ z ¾ Øo Ò qï z }} 4. iç ü 36. Åq²qƒÍ Í ç ç Åq ƒä ~Œ ü öö ( ü ) Ý µå jµé o Ø r ²q q gq ç «²qu{Ÿ ƒä } Ìp j É ¹q ü rº Ÿ Åk³ÍÂÍ 30 5. À{ 37. ö f Ågj tøï x~ µä }q Ž «q ù ~ÇjÀ{ v¾ f iâq É Í¼ z q Ì zqñ i x z ñ g Ã ˆ ¾ «ty ³² öž «m ²y Åí ty q«if i x z ñ p gz g«º ² s 6. z 38. q Émr² Íz ÁÈq ± mrœ qn z Í mžº º Â Cour(2001 n Requier- Desjardin Bied-Charreton, 2009 ) íˆ 2-3%qtø Ài ~ 7 fêg 3 4 q kç ( ä )qtø~ Í 1 2 efç 1930 tø¼é 1 ç 2 çg 60% 3 ç 4 çg 40% ² ef Í 2020 ÉÌg 72% 28% 31 ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 29 Mekonnen MM and AY Hoekstra. 2010. The green, blue and grey water footprint of farm animals and animal products, Value of Water Research Report Series No. 48, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, Netherlands 30 <http://www.oecd.org/document/1/0,3746,fr_38233741_38246823_38441793_1_1_1_1,00.html>. 31 Cour J-P, 2001. The Sahel in West Africa : countries in transition to a full market economy, Global Environmental Change, 11: 31-47, cited in Requier-Desjardin and Bied-Charreton, 2009, Evaluation des coûts économiques et sociaux de la degradation des terres et de la desertification en afrique, Contrat AFD / UVSQ n 210 du 07/12/2004. GE.11-63426 13

7 µå tø äéç( f) Source: Requier-Desjardin and Bied-Charreton, 2009 based on Cour J-P, 2001. The Sahel in West Africa : countries in transition to a full market economy, Global Environmental Change, 11: 31-47. 39. qúù z «q iˆ¾ çr Í Émr g Å t µ ÚÙ z j ² ä Âƒ¾dÉÃq È n np g q«äq À p² q Œ nprðq í À r Ém rqúù q Íz qÿ Ã«q ²z z «xö mr fq «r ºŠ 32 7. ä 40. ä ç m ¾ f q Â ÄxÈ ä Ä fà (14 x )q Ér ³ Ì 2011 Å i q Ÿzg ç 60 e q 33 È fd f q çq oz qèi~ Ø 20% 34 ù Èu{q g Í 2080 éî 4.4 C, ÂÄ 32 Wouterse F and J Taylor. 2008. Migration and Income Diversification: Evidence from Burkina Faso. World Development 36 (4), 625 640. 33 Somalis displaced by drought hit by Mogadishu rains, BBC, 16 July 2011. 34 <http://www2.ucar.edu/news/2904/climate-change-drought-may-threaten-much-globe-withindecades>. 14 GE.11-63426

~ Ø 2.9% ¹k¾dr ùœ Â 6% w q ~ Â 16% h Ç ÅfÅ ¾dr q Â² 60% 35 41. Ÿ üêç z É ¹ f Åqg ö Ÿ 2 É ¹q g ð Á /«Ã ~ ä ¾d «²ä ƒí ë ÁÈ z «z Ù «ƒ ± Ìn z ä z Ù tø À À{ ƒí z Î À{ «{ ÌÁÈ» ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 四. 解决旱地粮食安全问题的可持续土地管理办法 42. } ¾ «tøq É ¹ù³²² d qù ~kž Í } Ìrf x ü ²yž ³² m Ø À É ¹qüf Å A. 改进粮食生产和供应 1. q ñ 43. Èü i ù ~kž Ã ngk(é })² ä (»É g }) ³ q ²äÁÈ Íù ~k Œ m Ø 36 35 Cline WR. 2007. Global warming and agriculture: Impact estimates by country.washington,d.c.: Center for Global Development and Peterson Institute for International Economics. 36 Provisioning, regulating and cultural services. See Benefits of Sustainable Land Management, WOCAT, UNCCD, 2009. <http://www.unccd.int/knowledge/docs/csd_benefits_of_sustainable_land_management%20.pdf>. GE.11-63426 15

44. ¾ üm f ~ÂƒÉ³ v É Ç Ÿ r 20 Ð ¾ y É g Œ j ù y v Ào gqy 45. ³² g«j w Îo mà q ü Ú ü ¹Èù 80 Í 90 ¹ q Å² y ü y qi r ²Í 4.1 ÿ/¹è ²q ü Å i y qü i q r ug 1.3 ÿ/¹è 37 Ã g Ø «Ùg v ² ˆ g» êµ ±q¾ üm n ¹È w 4-5 ÿ ²f n dý w 38 ¼Ø my q ü n ¹È w² 30 ÿ 46. ²qä gkq Émr {u{ ± o{ q 286 fù ö Èr x Ér Ào 79% 39 Å j or Î 128% 40 ²qž È ~ Ø 500,000 ÿ gr x» 250 t np q Îr Å q ù ~kž q º 2. q 47. ù ~kž p»é ug gqž j xpÿ q ~k üq g y» y ñê ¾ f üìn ü q Å¾d 41 Ùp ùœ q Ìn r Ã ÂÄ 37 Aagard, 2009, Conservation Farming Unit. Lusaka, Zambia. Personal communication in Garrity DP, FK Akinnifesi, OC Ajayi, SG Weldesemayat JG MowoA Kalinganire 2010.: Evergreen Agriculture: a robust approach to sustainable food security in Africa. Food Sec 2 (3), 197 214. 38 Personal communication. Gray Tappan (US Geological Survey Data Center for EROS, South Dakota). 39 Pretty J, AD Noble, D Bossio, J Dixon, RE Hine, FWT Penning de Vries and JIL Morison, 2006. Resource-conserving agriculture increases yields in developing countries, Environmental Science and Technology, 40:4, 1114 1119. in Olivier de Schutter (2010): Report submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food. Agroecology. UN General Assembly. <http://www.srfood.org/images/stories/pdf/officialreports/20110308_a-hrc-16-49_agroecology_en.pdf>. 40 UNEP-UNCTAD Capacity Building Task Force on Trade, Environment and Development (CBTF), Organic Agriculture and Food Security in Africa, New York/Geneva, United Nations, 2008, p. 16. in Olivier de Schutter (2010): Report submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food. Agroecology. UN General Assembly. <http://www.srfood.org/images/stories/pdf/officialreports/20110308_a-hrc-16-49_agroecology_en.pdf>. 41 Garrity DP, FK Akinnifesi, OC Ajayi, SG Weldesemayat JG MowoA Kalinganire 2010.: Evergreen Agriculture: a robust approach to sustainable food security in Africa. Food Sec 2 (3), 197 214. 16 GE.11-63426

q Ø ²Í fq É ÂÍ Â q Å ö Î ÉqŒ ² ù «~kq j( 8) 42 8 ù «~k j ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 Source UNCCD thematic fact sheet n 2. 48. ˆÂÄ ²Í fqä ùœ ² qÿµ p ƒ f Îñäµq Rissiam Ranawa ²ôÄ pµ~ Žv 1980 xë ²q Ä ý ²q q ¹ ~ Ranawa qtøv 1985 x o n² É tnn ² Øo 49. tø öoä rµ ˆn { zg meskats Rajastan(í )zg khadins, Baluchistan( )Êzg khuskaba npâä ÄxÈ ˆjx ~ Ä ö ² Å ¾ që ºÀ ³² Ä fø g( Ž ú ) ü ~k ˆ¾ Œ xð y q» g ˆn² o è ¹Èe ²äq 43 42 UNCCD Thematic factsheet N 2 Water scarcity and desertification. <http://www.unccd.int/documents/desertificationandwater.pdf>. 43 Kaboré D and C Reij. 2004. The emergence and spreading of an improved traditional soil and water conservation practice in Burkina Faso. IFPRI, Washington. EPTD Discussion paper no. 114. 28 pp. GE.11-63426 17

50. ³²Ã ù ~kž kù q Â Â v v qà 2002 äµå q Âù²Í Ë Œ q 80% 44 È ¹k²yj ³ 185 uˆµq «45 3. ¾ çq 51. ²q q ØùŒrmxtû q ~ Ž qçj ¾ mž t µ «m e ²äq xž³² q y ñ²q 1998 q È x q¾ f 40%µ«mo q²ä 46 52. 1990 xf f Ø Îñ q q¹ êfÿz«â ²q Çr Éq ÎÇz êq qt q x y np Œ Ä mà z Ì Í 1990 x f Çj¾ 53. Ãs¾ çœ Ë³ d g j äq h z i f j z yu z v ùœ xž g Ã qï B. 改进粮食的获得渠道 1. 54. ù ¾dŒ mr q É v ˆ q É É Ã Œ ÙpÃ z q Ù ÂÍ Ž qr «nî q 2. Âq 55. np ¾d i «( u ý(³ w }) «uö ) ˆ ¾ ³² ² Îr npù ~ k pm ¾dñÊ gy( g) (Š nf)qpÿ r ÂÍo ug qˆn v Ã o Œ «q «44 Remini, La sédimentation dans les barrages de l Afrique du Nord. Larhyss Journal, ISSN 1112-3680, n 02, Juin 2003, pp. 45 54 45 Nkonya E, N Gerber, P Baumgartner, J von Braun, A De Pinto, V Graw, E Kato, J Kloos and T Walter, The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought Toward an Integrated Global Assessment, ZEF- Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 150, Center for Development Research, Bonn, May 2011, 184 pp. 46 Hassane A, P Martin and C Reij. 2000. Water harvesting, land rehabilitation and household food security in Niger: IFAD s soil and water conservation project in Illéla District. IFAD/VU Universtity Amsterdam. 49 pp. 18 GE.11-63426

ö ¹È ù² 10,000 ˆµ öä ¹ ÈuÄ 200-1,000 ˆµ d ²q u öt 3. Ë 56. ù ~kž ¾dƒ äq üqrç Ão ù Ç q ú ¾ ù³²ç Ÿµ 2005 2010 ²ef { ¾ äq Åi Žq µ r m š Ä q { ¾ q«{tøs Å» 57. npù ~kž ¾d ¼µ(Ä ÚÙ ) µ ( ºmr fât Ä }}) Ë³ Œ j f¾ çq ö ÂÍ¾ qz 58. ³ ¾dr Ø 10% Œ ˆÅ q«{ã 7% q q«{ã 5% 47 ü} 47 f q ² ²ä q q g¾dv g 54%q ä¹ «hž 10% q ¼mr ( 9) 9 ä¹ Âz ¾dë ¼mr {ÈqÉ ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 Source UNCCD Data WorldDataBank(<http://data.worldbank.org/>) accessed August 2011. 47 Towards a green economy. Pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication (2011). [S. l.]: United Nations Environment Programme. <http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/portals/93/documents/full_ger_screen.pdf>. GE.11-63426 19

59. ü qí } o ù ~kq «v ük q q~ y q «gd q¾ 82%q¼µ i m i ig 39% 48 4. pì 60. ù ¾d p ggyiâ ¾d iâqpÿ ¾ f ö Å ¾ üm ž Øo Ÿ gùgê q Ùg ŽÊn n q np«q üˆn joìrº s v ˆnÀ{Ã o 80% 49 5. ÌÁÈg ä 61. Ã¾d q Ì Œg¾dµÁ fx~rm q r u{ÿ 20 Ð «2.5 Ä g Ÿ ²öz ¾ üm f ùäg 0.5 gùx Ž n u 50 r q²ef ùnpmr q Œ n mr«œ Ž ¾nqr Î 20-30% ²ùˆö f q¾d r Î 2.5-4% v ¹dnqÊËtø Ã 12-17% 51 C. 改进粮食利用 ; 产品多样化 62. ù ~kž pgyqpÿ ö üq É g Ùg ² o» Åq är q«w äüg ²y¾d q Œ Í Î ˆtyùx «Ç º r d ù ~kž Àoggn q Îo r v ÊÉq Ÿ µ qÿ ö º D. 不断提高稳定性 63. ²np¾dmrq ü qù ~k(m ¾d ¾ üm Ÿ y g})ùxg ² Åq É ¹ µ q ÀØ 48 Abdoulaye T and G Ibro. 2006. Analyse des impacts socio-économiques des investissements dans la gestion des ressources naturelles : étude de cas dans les régions de Maradi, Tahoua et Tillabéry au Niger. Etude Sahélienne. CRESA, Niamey. 49 Dr. Chris Reij, Personal communication, UNCCD Land Day 2, 2010. <http://www.unccd.int/publicinfo/landday/2010/event.php>. 50 Dr. Chris Reij, Personal communication, UNCCD Land Day 2, 2010. <http://www.unccd.int/publicinfo/landday/2010/event.php>. 51 The state of food and agriculture. Women in agriculture : closing the gender gap for development (2011). Rome: FAO. <http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2050e/i2050e.pdf>. 20 GE.11-63426

Ä ƒâ q xö x~z ç / ç Å ˆù ~k x ² q j qíù g Å 1. Å q 64. ö f qg çì ³ ¾d Ìfq¹ ñê ü ü ö f ºùx É ¹ ¾ m ¾ ö qkns ² g ³ rð g È Å ² qÿù x rp²q ù ¾d È² pgj Øw«¹º y ~ º q Ú º 65. g Ä qƒí È ²¹º q x ¾d ³ r³ Âƒr v Âƒ qz ˆ Ùp ýq rð ² 20%Í 50%iÂ 52 ¹º¾duöŒ² ²üy qù ¾d Îd ² k~ «~ Œ s q ÌŒ ¹º «gyt «q äï 66. ² ± Èv Í Å² j xtøq õ g u ² Å È k Åq Íù Žº q µå q q ºf öž «~k ³²s q Ž ² z j Å k q ä 2. Øç ç Åq ƒä 67. É ¹qÍÙ j Å² t Å ºƒ ç Ý q É ¹ ö gq «üy u{ x ÌqiÂ Í yg²m iâ Í qiâ s ÉqŠ rp 53 ç Å j ƒä } r~q µé j ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 五. 打破关于旱地的一些神话 68. ºp q ³qx Ðpƒq ßo ì± x «n d Â Øq Í ± hfk Í( Âzp) 52 Grethe H, A Dembélé and N Duman. How to feed the world s growing billions, 2011, WWF Germany. < http://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fmwwf/pdf_neu/wwf%20boell%20how%20to%20feed.pdf >. 53 Cf. reports of the West Africa and Sahel Club OECD at <http://www.oecd.org/document/1/0,3746,fr_38233741_38246823_38441793_1_1_1_1,00.html>. GE.11-63426 21

69. µ ±j Åd n d y n~êä q ÍŸ } q Ér Åí Î ù Ér q ùœ Îr 70. Åd } 1 } 2 Ä Ó»g ¾ Órmqú ùn g rg Œ 71. z à± Þ šõ ½ «q ÍŸ q¾ Ë x Œ Ã Ÿg qãv wy Œ ÙÚÙ gì q ñ Ê qž «~kž ù ~kž ùg¾ tø r qúù 72. ð z n Ò ð Ód ÍŸ Ìq } öº z ùx Å g f ç r µ Ù«ùxö n ù žç q «ý Œ ù ² Ä gã ù ~kž qãv Ÿg 六. 建议和行动计划 73. n É ¹ } ³² ç Å q } ù Ž «~k Åg É ¹ ÊË ÁÈqtøqm z 74. ² Ê q } d ²ŸÙ Êf ²qw ²z ² x Âv ¾ A. 国家层面 75. 1 Í ÇqÍ öù ~k q À Å ö ƒíj xìp³² Émrf nù ~kž 76. ² ²z È öö ¾d Ø Âƒr «n( ³ È ƒ }) 77. «¾ È g² ²zqg r È ˆn«~kŽ ¾n q Ì ²q ¾ q«r ² Å Ç qƒí ÉnÍt 22 GE.11-63426

78. È Œ â ä¹ ²Ÿ ºfÿ Ã±²yŒ q n 79. Ä É jà} q } q ² Å q Í ùv º «q ~kk s Â k j qmr «rqšü~k 80. g w n ŸÙ q²z x g ² } º É ¹ÁÈ ù ~k º rºq } gì ÉÃ~k n ºq } 81. ºp ŸÙ q ÁÈ ÙÚ ² qì º Ø ö q ù ~k ù ¾d Åq~ º ²qÌ º â n ¾du{ Å mr (¾ f ) 82. ùw Ž u qõ ŸÙ ICCD/CRIC(10)/21 B. 区域和次区域层面 83. 2 Íg ç ç ¼ü Ågqºü À Ø ² ö ºp É ¹qç ç ü 84. ç ¼ü iâés Í fù qø ùrpo q Í qg qç ù Ù²yç k²z 85. Ä ² Ø É Ésç Å º É ¹qu gì À º É ¹qu ÁÈ 86. È ¾ ºƒç q É ¹ÁÈqu{ â Ä ºpÉ Ã q xésu nù ~kž g g ä¹ y u q µé 87. È j qç ç Âé v ºf É ¹ÁÈü Êg~ oè â ŸÙ ç ŸÙ ré q È n qé ²z g q f ~ 88. ç ç Œ Ùp ö¾ fç ŸÂzºƒ Àq Áq É ¹ } º GE.11-63426 23

C. 全球层面 89. 3 À Ø ~ Émrf nù ~kž º g ² É ¹q Ø 90. ¹ ºp äáèq Á ¹ È g g û Î ÁÈ q Â É ¹ q É ¹ } ÈÌn É ¹ r Â rºq q n~ º n ä¹ g ²q n~ º f ùë ¹ ŠüŠ 91. g È² É ¹ Á gvj rí n ² q f n ¾ 92. Ÿ 3 ² qÿù Ê 24 GE.11-63426

ƒ Â u 1-2 f 2-5 À 5-7 Ÿ 3 ŸÙ Ê g «Ã Å ö ƒíj xì³² ²np Émrqù ~ kž v ŸÙ n r q²zf Í É ¹ÁÈ fç ŸÂzf ² f Ù É ¹ } È r Ø ² ö ºp É ¹qç ç ü ºp É ¹ ¹µp fç ŸÂzf² ù ~kž Ø qç u{ ö²üâzºƒ Àq } º u ~k o Ã q É ¹ Åqu ¾dù ~ k Åq Í g fç ÂÊ Ø Émrf n ù ~k º g ² É ¹q Ø Ù É ¹ º e¹ f É ¹ÁÈéü n ˆ ä¹ g É ¹ n È q g äáè q ¹ ~ GE.11-63426 25

七. 结论 93. q É ¹ÁÈ ²ä Érº nj t q q É ¹ÁÈ ä¹ ˆ q 94. ÀØ q ¾df nù ~kž d ük º²np«q z 95. ä¹ ç ¹k Å ¾df nù ~kž xv q É ¹ 96. g ä¹ (a) Å ÙÚ ² j xìp³² Émrf nù ~kž (b) ç ç Å Ø ² ö ºp É ¹qç ç ü (c) ¹k Å Ø Émrf nù ~kž º g ² É ¹q Ø 97. ä¹ k zl Ÿ qÿù Ê x ²q 26 GE.11-63426

Annex I [English only] Where investment in land is coming from and where it s going Figure 1 Countries of origin of investors looking for land to buy or lease Source: UNCCD, 2010 Figure 2 Countries targeted by investors to buy or lease land Source: UNCCD, 2010 GE.11-63426 27

Annex II [English only] Some references about successes in agriculture and sustainable land and water management Bossio, D and K Geheb (eds). 2008. Conserving land, protecting water. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International (CABI), Wallingford, United Kingdom. 235 pp. Haggblade, S and PBR Hazell. 2010. Successes in African agriculture: lessons for the future. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 436 p. Liniger, H and W Critchley. 2007. Where the land is greener: case studies and analysis of soil and water conservation initiatives worldwide. Technical Center for Agriculture (CTA)/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/Centre for Development and Environment (CDE). World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies. 364 pp. Nierenberg, D and B Halweil (eds). 2011. 2011 State of the world: innovations that nourish the planet. The Worldwatch Institute, Washington D.C. 237 pp. Reij, CP and D Steeds. 2003. Success stories in Africa s drylands: supporting advocates and answering sceptics. A paper commissioned by the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Rome. 32 pp. Reij, CP and EMA Smaling. 2007. Analyzing successes in agriculture and sustainable land management in Sub-Saharan Africa: is macro-level gloom obscuring positive microlevel change? Land Use Policy 25(3): 410 420. Spielman, DJ and R Pandya-Lorch. 2010. Proven successes in agricultural development: a technical compendium to Millions Fed. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington D.C. 632 pp. 28 GE.11-63426