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94 年 01 1-64 度理論異理論來了識不陸不了理論論聯狀歷力見不歷來兩流兩論了. 1

The Trend Of Modern Popular Buddhism --From the view of Mutual Relation between Society and Religion Den Zimei ABSTRACT This paper discusses some essential issues deeply. The author explains the social background of rise of Popular Buddhism in modern Taiwan and summarizes the difference between Popular Buddhism and traditional Buddhism. Meanwhile the paper advances how to coordinate mutual relation among different Popular Buddhism organization, how to have a grasp of proper limits for academic critic, remarks the future trend of Popular Buddhism theory, and clarifies the relation between the humanization of Buddhism organization and other Buddhism faction. According to use modern Religion Sociology critically, especially the theory framework of Max Weber, emphasized by the certain aspect of mutual relation between society and religion, the author tries to eliminate misunderstandings and strengthens common understandings. Of course these views are restrained from the continental living and learning context unavoidably. Further, this paper also use the theoretical hypothesis and methodology carefully, connecting with modern Buddhism condition, based on some unremarkable historical events, in order to discover significant meanings and enlightenment. Key words Modern Buddhism, Popular Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism, Modern Buddhism of Tai Wan, Religion Sociology Den Zimei, Professor, Law and Politics Academy, Southern Yangtze University 2

度論 1864 1920 不了論了歷路理論立論來說不離類理不識廬不路狀度度歷狀來濾力理論說不落念念來烈了歷來論利蘭參見 2004 年 5 3

陸歷 2001 年 11 兩 WTO 流不不不不 17 留了蘭易 19 落歷 20 牢牢論綠金歷力流更落林立理論了不不類不不了獵了異隸度拉不歷度說識歷錄北 1987 年 5 4

度 1. 論禮理不 2. 行論 3. 論不不不不不理論行力理論例說不易不不 1. 不易力什行力來識來識識老參見立 20 理論聯 2001 年 2 11 北 1990 年 11 5

不不了類見更惡類不不不不類識了露惡路識 2. 沈淪輪說沈淪來理不不不來說力理倫理類路數不參見林諾論北 1987 年 78 79 理 20 類聯 1995 年 138 140 立 1975 年 504 令行來良寧北 1997 年 493 來良類類 527 528 6

度度說切力靈索不易理倫理年倫理不倫理離力不靈年不不不臨不論流來例流異便兩不來靈 3. 理利念禮念倫 529 532 533 靈異靈類 453 454 聯倫理倫 1985 年 153 154 7

理理來倫理例來了不聯來便利來了臨不例老靈來說數更不來兩兩了識良勞行參了不勞了不利更更更更力力 544 參見倫理倫 1985 年 176 177 倫理倫 1985 年 153 154 8

度 4. 精精神數不理倫理理離類行了倫理行倫理了路異說不例立了靈來說易不不理來度了理不參了倫理更倫理理理來行不靈力 656 John CalvinHis Influence in the Western WorldMichigan 1982.p.22 647 9

力不不歷不不累不不不了數不不不不 16 17 了例年來 1998 年例 56%~61% 說 10 6 不聯流不不例北了裂禮北兩 20 理論聯 2001 年 21 參見理論 20 理論 21 倫理北聯 1987 年 23 劉北 2001 年 36 參見 1994 年 13 48 北 2002 年 5 10

度不易歷不說羅年來力利 1878 1903 領 1922 1939 了禮了復落不說力不沈不 1. 立類識歷類不了說類理理了藍利北 1991 年 658 H C 論倫 L K 羅 1967 年 281 11

金不行說量金琉廓不麗說不說了理不不了不例女類識不更路 50 年不說羅不羅說屢理論路冷理來羅了來了流理類北盧參見 3 1999 年年羅殺羅匿琉琉率羅殺領裂讀 1998 年 8 12

度念來說了來論論了來了不壘類例利不理更陋暴露更了立北蘭來樂不不來 2. 理什 4601 力量 2 類了識 3 類了了理 4 不了理 5 類律參見論律 2001 年 97 98 13

異不力不理理倫理不度倫理倫理倫理倫理異歷老臘了不說來倫理理倫理行不不更禮老禮不不說說參料 732 數 72.13% 理更更不論不不倫理倫 1985 年 105 劉北 2001 年 314 14

度老不理論流不歷 1. 易理 1573 年了 1626 年北 1601 年蘭 1622 年蘭 1624 年 1642 年蘭度陸易論蘭易暴理掠念 1662 年復料落年 [ ] 禮北 1992 年 548 蘭拉不領說力 21 北聯 1997 年 127 利度切切不更不不理理歷聯 1987 年 5~6 異 [ ] 禮 774 15

暴蘭不陸靈論了陸僚行了龍 1683 年不數了量 1710 20 年率 163% 見陸易陸來靈靈靈聯行靈 1895 年不論糖不流不立了量理聯數力蘭北識 1956 年 40 50 年 1727 參見論 1983 年 2 8 1995 年 20 金 1995 年 126 參見北 2002 年北 1988 年 17 16

度量林不理了 1949 年陸來陸來理念了 50 年 74.4% 聯不來冷度理倫理不不利利來力力行不力念了陸更陸來不理不不念 20 50 70 年復不理 2. 1953 年 538 540 參見 20 20 17

陸了年陸年立力識了更數 98% 數 70% 力量更力量 1965 年了 1983 年 18% 了 81% 力量識不不識歷了六 ~ 年烈量量流行勞了離聯裂年來 1987 年來論更了 3. 80% 立力力量烈說歷不聯離聯行切參見 117 203 204 北 1997 年 3 18

度量不力不易度不不利識更力倫理理識倫理了倫理倫理不倫理不更度度不不了 60 年不立了來來了了力 56 58 19

更理參行理力例力靈度不念陸更更良論 1989 年契理契說識行了切不理論不度不 1. 不年了不不年梁老梁參見論寧 2000 年參見論北 2001 年理力省論林 2001 年梁不若不來了參見理論 1998 年 20

度度不了說不說了不論說不梁不契理契流來類來便契理不類行了度論說力不了了梁說見說行切念念不切切不不龍論說不了說度流行不不若不異老說什行量了行了梁見梁離 7 北 1995 年 72 75 21

見不切梁不不見更說力流良歷見類類不不不度 2. 不立路來了度降臨立來說理論 4 5 9 金不年 1983 年 6 13 勞 1990 年 6 參見論北 2002 年論兩參見兩 72 歷 9 理論歷理論 13 立立聯 2002 年 22

度不立狀來念不度行歷來度不更行不裂不更歷來切契理契不異了不不路行了烈老兩領論異 1 來落度契理契六年 66 67 251 北 1997 年 35 北 1992 年 169 23

20 20 年論 2 說不 3 兩理更不參例理不理論說理論不 4 若參更理說論不不離不說 5 說, 17 參見理論參見 35 32 參見 35 34 參見 43 45 論 2001 3 31 北略 99 歷聯 1988 年 118 24

度不便說見來更 6 利利利利行利利理論說來易行易利利利 7 林了理念了勵了了來來行說了旅 8 力度度不度度力律律度年 1983 年 6 1 契理契 4 1 參見 5 1992 年 1 力略 25

利律來索了 9 僚更不說 10 留利類理論說禮行落狀來力說歷歷連度不了利勵利了離了識理度兩力類年歷類不易例沈不不類識不參見復 20 1999 年 5 8 1 參見路 2000 年 1 22 六年識 1988 年 113 26

度說立更理度六兩了立了律理律更了律連了了 85 禮理流異理論度兩領老不流說度理論便論理論陸理論參見論 27

不狀切流露流不不不見見不論來理不度不論度不立若不理劣年沈來論理論不不理論不理論不識陸陸理論陸論 1938 年便不歷說理不類不理論見歷歷類理良類論理論說參見 20 北 2000 年北 1991 年 533 534 28

度度度不了論不識度羅歷亂流識易度不理論識理論立理論理論識度說理論量理論不 88 論論論不了理識不不來拾不論理料說不了料理論行不理論不說不來論理論見留 : 不行不不不不更離行料不兩遼 1999 年 106 29

立歷劣雷歷論例 7 5 度年樂論了說離度不了立了不路不行六年索年累年了領切行切行切行羅說離說不論理理不句論行羅不說樂來說行樂來立樂不理論樂立羅雷歷金陵 130 年念北 1997 年歷利歷歷理見論 635 30

度見行寧刺論令來不六說不切說行不什見行論不落兩說離說說論行理論惡論倫理論論了來見識識見理了利理識見識聯裂來立來識來聯論見識來識識不說說輪說輪說靈立靈 3 41 [ 里蘭 ] 六度流 2000 年 12 1997 年 2 4 31

理論歷度羅度不度異流不憐理論理論見力理論利理論力力落聯識例度理論不理論不理論識識良更不兩立立濫便切來論歷論理論理論理論論理論理數理論 32

度不利諾理論論理理論理論 16 來論理論異年論理理論了論理論理類理力類兩類理來了例來列例行行例律兩說理力力力理論不例了了不不歷識來論領類識不律立北 2000 年 55 59 15 16 160 律立 4 33

說類理識累歷了歷留類理識歷來量立若理不理論了論了論不論類理識論行見不不論度行降立異略了更了便說來理論不行行歷論北聯 2000 年 139 8 9 參見律立北 2000 年 539 44 34

度識不 20 20 30 年理論若不立說更聯識不說更聯理論拓度更不不不易不兩流理領歷洞理論邏說力力行理念礪不見不句流類來不論論不來流來理論說了論論 35

靈不力力了例串 20 不例例 100 19 了年類 101 了理論來不 102 論理 103 理立廓了路年理論邏 104 105 兩 106 路切說力不不聯劉北 2001 年 60 參見 1999 年 204 206 1997 年 2 北 1995 年 3 參見讀 7 2002 年 1 參見沈女北 2002 年 36

度不來 1. 2. 3. 論不類說不不理論理論度不歷年更例 19 列 20 年列 20 20 30 年列 40 50 年列年不例不 1890 1947 理論立 1906 1907 2000 參見論北 2001 年參見 2002 年 30 年不烈參見歷流 15 428 2002 年 7 37

理論參見 20 理論了了烈刺了立了良了 1878 1953 1947 年 3 7 陸利臨見陸陸說年不力不留不留 1927 1930 1933 1937 不不見不不力了理論例樂樂讀 30 1988 年 10 2001 年 3 281 參見林 2 260 2001 年 3 38

度不更不說理來了 1975 年立了 1978 年 1985 年立金行了律 40 年理念更行利利便念行行路更說行靈理念力李年不利說 1959 年了 1962 年流讀不 1979 年北參 1981 年 9 3 1999 年參見 1994 年 1 47 39

理北省了北臨復林了北北省連了令了來力說了了路來路離了烈 1957 年女不女參類了 1966 年立了蓮療了聯蓮亮 30 不行陸力諾 1991 年塞塞 1989 年了 1994 年理立立行 2002 年 2 參見北 1992 年蓮北 1992 年 40

度兩理力行不不不不了不了屢屢流不了了更論理論路 20 40 50 年來說歷歷來理年論量論陸了說不說了力了力離不陸 1983 年留不陸見拉了陸歷北 1993 年 154 參見理北聯 1997 年 41

留年論來陸不說不不歷不力不論陸理論陸切論立參流路了利劣利洛若怒 123 良不惡兩老不煉識陋 1987 年來論陸論數見不不數兩參見 124 律立 513 洛論不暴律不葉論北 1982 年 36 42

度不例歷來不例易例輪見年冷不年力利不匿行更不 20 20 40 年不良惡泥理立兩流立了林立狀不路 126 說劣論不劣不惡劣參見金 1990 年論參見 229 179 43

不 1. 來數年來不了 127 9 11 歷不不不籠 2. 識立若識不不不識說類利利復度例 128 立 129 3. 理論理切參參不了立不 114 參見 238 論 44

度論不不論論說不了立不度不不見識例論不兩立了論不復來異烈不度不不不異來不路不論不了識了路論論論識論識論不 1943 年 2 論 130 說不寧說念不李年利不李年不不不見更切說律 224 225 45

來離識行切切不年說說流律不勞流不理論不立來 4. 論流不歷不識論論不濫濫料陸年歷不易年力立理不亂論陸歷見理不料年見路度路立倫理更切度 49 六年 46

度理理論理歷不不殺論理論理不來雷李數理論來來路力理理見老不亂里不立路更更識數識異冷理力見論數不沈理論良不不流露類參見令令 29 2002 年 8 19 47

理不見林立類不流流識流理論列理論不落了行不不識不力流不 134 流不說不理論說 1. 浪理論來理不行理理理理理練理律行理理例理理力理 2001.3.31 北論倫理北聯 1987 年 15 48

度領路 15 羅來理便離念理不刺行類行不不力度理歷理不便林立力理了流不理理不不不理理例類易理理理論若理更路領了理不率行力行不了流說不理來來 136 理參見省 84 28 1993 年 4 2002 年 1 2 倫理 49

歷來理說不例歷度了魯流不不不度領靈異類理理論什不理不行兩理烈更理理理識不理理領力不 11 2002 年 9 不力不數力理力參見 269 329 50

度力流不理論不理理歷流若識類理理歷行率理劣來理論理理理理立度行行理行立來理論理不了兩立了行了理行理不行殺了理論說理理異理行例理類不論理流 2000 年年 Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Routledge&Kegan Paul, 1967, p. 96 99. Hayek, Law, Legislation and Liberty: Rules and Order (1), The University of Chicago Press, 1973, p.48 53. 51

落不不不類 2. 流流歷說了流不刺不行立蘭 1545 1563 了了利壘了落不數立領理不不力來了不了來年參見論北 1994 年 60 80 1854 年紐倫了 1910 年 1921 年立了 1844 年年立 1855 年年立行便聯 1889 年行 1907 年立 52

度倫理行聯識立理不識 16 裂識不 1927 年洛了了見料說見 85% 聯行 1948 年來 47 147 丹立了識聯立聯行 20 30 年行 1965 年識勵不老路聯不年聯立不來說不兩立什行不 1846 年倫立聯 1908 年聯立了了立 1959 年 20 立了類 1925 年行識立了 672 673 675 682 686 53

立列不識識領行行識聯了識數理不度省理 1. 落論不理說 2. 3. 便流 4. 了不理論論不立行行更林立行理力量力行行不理類省論林 2001 年 161 184 54

度行了寧說類來理來行拓參羅念說不力不理力量力了行說年不行不參了行說流量更陸理念行不了來煉理不論年度利理行不 63 參見金歷立 38 1993 年 6 讀 42 1994 年 2 北 1997 年 1 55

歷來論洛說靈洛不說來了利行行類不切不切切切來行念念量數不行洛說理類立不易不易類立不行行練靈說類說行不識易行行行不年兩年年來了行更不來洛類理論北 1959 年 687 類理論北 1982 年 599 說倫說識 56

度理不不了理不不不什利利流不不籠了行更類易行易易行利行利行行利行行不陸度理例濫濫濫濫濫來度年來更行論力陸行不流行狀 611 參見 27 論金 2002 年行 G 17 1992 年 161 57

不了來了不力不行行行良易了不了不行利利易力量了行立不理論來行行來了說不行立來說不不度度句說不度度不度度 605 58

度流立了降理力行不不年力流奈不不理論力不不理論狀兩來不不冷了更了力不歷更路更參見雷論論北 2000 年參見北 2002 年理論倫金 2002 年 4 59

行不勵離便利聯讀茶說量行識了年不留更惡更理力沈識理理來流不不烈年了度歷了金暴了北更理論理利利力理洛 20 理論 954 參見 1996 年 197 203 214 226 241 梁北 1996 年 11 64 24 27 55 陸梁 50 洛 20 理論 949 60

度不數行不識理不更類理不度了說理論論理論車理論拓更不異說不立來兩不論理力念力不數說了論類說不說勞更說念理立更理論不例理論理論不留不理論不理不不諒了見了切參見論 61

理論聯不理論理論理論路奈行力歷來更理論不理論不度來路來路來聯理論 1. 行說行說論不了行理論不 2. 理說來令量不流度 3. 論陸狀 113 62

度路不行例年了論了力路不理論論理理羅理理來不流識說不來來了流列 4. 不立不立不立理論歷了 15 來歷例不歷兩不 20 不力更了理論理論歷行行行理論不識論論論不理論不 63

論說理論歷行來不不論浪行理不歷識年了力閲見參見論 64