ü
18 16 18 16 18 O / O( ) - O / O(SMOW) O = 18 16 10 3 O / O(SMOW) CO 2-3 CO 2-3 CO 2-3
1 2 1985
10 3 1990
Z Y X W V
+ +
1984 4
1980 1 1977 1977
197410 19796 1979 197990
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (m) 38 54 N 93.5-5.4-3.7 2.0 8.7 15.5 19.l 22.9 24.2 19.9 13.7 5.8-1 44 25 N 91-3.2-0.8 4.9 11.4 16.9 20.5 22.9 22.3 17.7 1l.8 4.9-0 -1.3 0.8 2.0 8.0 13.1 17.0 21.2 23.2 18.9 12.9 7.1 1. 40 49 N 3.6-2.7-2.2 0.4 6.7 12.3 16.2 20.4 22.3 18.0 ll.9 6.0 0. 38 16 N 38.4 0.l 0.6 3.5 9.0 l3.9 17.8 22.0 23.8 19.8 13.8 8.2 2. -5.3 51N 5.5 43N 10.8 8 0 48N 10.1 9 10.1 38 54 N
1977 1977 1978 1978
1979 1979 92 1979 1979 1979 197893
50 40 N 40 30 N 30 20 N (39 06 N)- (32 00 N) -2 10 10 16 16 24 12.30 l5.4 12(8.3) 6(6.3) 8(4.9) 3.1( 0.44 1 ) 1-26 -6-6 4 4 18-4.0 1.9 20(12.1) 10(9.5) 14(7.3) 5.9( 0.84 1 ) 7 18 25 25 28 28 28 26.5 28.2 7(5.9) 3(3.3) 0(0.7) 1.7( 0.24 1 ) 1978 </TITLE /TITLE>
14 C () () () () () 29300 1350 50 11.8 1600 2200 7.8 10.8 3.1 1.1 23100 850 500 14.0( ) 2000 2700 7.5 11.0 6.5 3.0 1979 95
( ) ( ) () 10 11 10 8 9 5 7 11 4 6 7 () 6 7 6 7 6 3 4 1 () 15 16 16 17 14 10 12
1 7 5 () 1 7-11 -40 12-0.4-25.2 18.l -43.0(61.1.11.) 8.7 12.3 14.6-8 -35 15 3.5-19.7 22.5-38.1(70.1.4.) 12.1 15.2 16.8-3 -29 17 7.8-12.7 24.5-30.5(66.1.20.) 15.2 18.0 19.2 1-22 20 11.6-4.7 26.1-27.4(66.2.22) 18.6 20.8 22.0 6-13 22 15.4 1.9 28.2-13.0(69.2.6) 18.5 20.1 22.0 18 2 25 21.8 13.1 28.3 0.1(63.1.16) 25.2 25.6 26.5 8-6 18 15.1 6.1 21.8-6.4(61.1.17) 20.1 20.0 20.4-4 7.3-15.2 25.7-32.0(69.1.30.) 16.6 18.5 21.2-7 -2.2-14.8 8.8-41.2(68.1.16) 1.2 3.1 4.7 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 4 27 31 24 4 10 2 13 33 29 12% 1 10%
() 5 7 5 6 7 () () () () () 4400 4500 4500 5000 4000 500 1000 4800 5320 5540 660 5200 5300 5500 4600 4700 800 900 4820 5290 5620 800 4830 5170 5630 800 5200 5300 5500 4200 4300 1000 4560 4980 5540 980 1960 1969 1972 101
() () 5 6 7 7 5 () 1000 1200 2590 3610 3900 1310 800 3320 3880 4140 820 600 3670 4160 4370 700
&a &u
1989
1982
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 () 21 72 2 57 25 390 2 4 2 25 260 (%) 10 6 4 100 66.7 19 68 2 55 120 (%) 90 94 100 96 30.7 10 (Abies) 2 (Picea) 47 (Cedrus) 6 (Podocarpus) 3 (Pinus) 4 2 25 105 (Betula) 39 (Carpinus) 1 (Quercus) 1 (Tilia) 1 (Ulmus) 2 (Salix) 2 53 (Ephedra) 1 14 (Chenopodiaceae) 1 1 1 47 89 (Caryophyllaceae) 1 (Gramineae) 1 4 (Artemisia) 17 65 1 5 2 (Compositae) 3 9 (Humulus) 1 (Umbelliferae) 1 (Selaginella) 2 Polyodiaceae 7 (Filicales) 1 14 C ( ) 27675 41600
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1 1 7 7 ( ) 2.1-2.1 6.4 8.4 2.9-2.9 ( ) 2.0-1.6 4.8-4.6 1.8-1.6 ( ) 0.8-0.6 2.7-3.0 1.2-2.8 ( ) 0.6-0.7 1.8-1.8 0.6-0.7 ( ) 1.0-1.2 1.9-2.3 1.4-1