mllee 20111121.doc 1/14 11 (Pesticide) (Biopesticide) (Fungi) (Bacteria) (Nematodes) (Fungicides) (Bactericides) (Nematicides) 蟎 (Insecticides) 蟎 (Acaricides) (Herbicide) (Plant Growth Regulators) 殺 (Rodenticides) 螺 (Molluscicides) (Algicides) 勞 理 理 類 殺 (Insecticides) 蟎 (Acaricides) 蟎 類 蟎 殺 (Fungicide) 露 (Bactericide) (Herbicides)
mllee 20111121.doc 2/14 殺 (Rodenticide) (Plant Growth Regulator) 殺 (Nematocide) (Algicides) 類 (Insecticides) (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee, IRAC, http://www.irac-online.org/) (http://www.irac-online.org/resources-2/document-library/#mode%20of%20action) 1 酶 (Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) 14 (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers) 2 γ- (GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist) 3 (Sodium channel modulators) 4 (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists) 5 (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators) 6 (Chloride channel activators) 15 0 (Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, Lepidopteran) 16 1 (Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, Homopteran) 17 (Moulting disruptor, Dipteran) 18 (Ecdysone receptor agonists) 19 (Octopamine receptor agonist) 7 (Juvenile 20 III
mllee 20111121.doc 3/14 hormone mimics) ( II )[Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (Coupling site II)] 8 () [Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors] 9 (Selective homopteran feeding blockers) 10 蟎 (Mite growth inhibitors) 蟎 11 (Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes) 12 ATP 酶 (Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase) 13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient 21 I (Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors) 22 (Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers) 23 酶 A 酶 (Inhibitors of acetyl CoA Carboxylase) 24 IV (Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors) 28 (Ryanodine receptor modulators) un (Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action) (organochlorines) 神 留 陸 (endosulfan) (organophosphates) 神 酶 不 累 類 留 數 量 類 不 (EPN)
mllee 20111121.doc 4/14 (naled)(disulfoton)(dichlorvos) (trichlorfon)(triazophos)(diazinon) (dimethoate)(parathion)(phoxim)(isoxathion) (pyridaphenthion)(parathion-methyl) (terbufos)(profenofos)(azinphos-methyl) (isofenphos)(pirimiphos-methyl)(monocrotophos) (temephos)(fenthion)(fenamiphos) (mevinphos)(quinalphos)(heptenophos) (phosmet)(malathion)(thiometon) (chlorpyrifos)(ethoprophos)(prothiofos) (chlorfenvinphos)(cyanophos)(ethion) (methidathion)(mecarbam)(oxydemeton-methyl) (demeton-s-methyl)(phosalone)(methamidophos) (formothion)(phorate) (phosphamidon) (leptophos)(fosthiazate)(fenitrothion) (tetrachlorvinphos)(acephate)(omethoate) (isothioate)(vamidothion)(phenthoate) (dicrotophos) (Carbamates) 類 殺 酶 神 (carbosulfan) (fenobucarb)(pirimicarb)(carbaryl) (carbofuran) (propoxur)(butocarboxim) (benfuracarb)(bendiocarb)(metolcarb) (methomyl)(aldicarb)(thiofanox)(thiodicarb) (isoprocarb)(xmc)(xylylcarb) (methiocarb)(oxamyl) 蟎 (formetanate) (Botanicals) (azadirachtin) (rotenone) (Pyrethroids) 易 度 類 (halfenprox)(permethrin) (gamma-cyhalothrin)(beta-cyfluthrin) (allethrin) (alpha-cypermethrin)(etofenprox) (silafluofen)(fenvalerate)(fenpropathrin) (acrinathrin)(tralomethrin)(esfenvalerate)
mllee 20111121.doc 5/14 (pyrethrins)(bifenthrin) (d-allethrin) (d-tetramethrin)(deltamethrin)(zeta-cypermethrin) (tau-fluvalinate)(phenothrin) (cyfluthrin)(lambda-cyhalothrin)(cypermethrin) (flucythrinate) (Nicotine)(Nicotinoids) 神 (Nicotine)(clothianidin)(acetamiprid) (imidacloprid)(dinotefuran)(thiacloprid) (thiamethoxam) 類 殺 (emamectin benzoate)(abamectin) (milbemectin) 1. ATP 酶 (azocyclotin) (fenbutatin oxide) 蟎 (cyhexatin) 蟎 (PPPS) 蟎 (propargite) 蟎 (tetradifon) 2. (chlorfenapyr) 3. III ( II ) (hydramethylnon) 醌 蟎 (acequinocyl) 4. I 蟎 (fenazaquin) 蟎 (fenpyroximate)(tebufenpyrad)(pyrimidifen) (pyridaben)(tolfenpyrad)(rotenone) 5. IV (aluminium phosphide)(magnesium phosphide) 類 殺 若 卵 若 不 卵 不 殺 蟎 1. (diflubenzuron) (hexaflumuron)(chlorfluazuron)(flufenoxuron) (teflubenzuron)(lufenuron) (novaluron)
mllee 20111121.doc 6/14 2. (buprofezin) 3. (cyromazine) 4. (chromafenozide) (tebufenozide)(methoxyfenozide) 5. (methoprene)(fenoxycarb) (pyriproxyfen) 6. 蟎 (hexythiazox) 蟎 (clofentezine) 蟎 (etoxazole) (Nematodes) (halogenated hydrocarbons) DD(1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dichloropropane) (chloropicrin) (isothiocyanates) (Metam-sodium) (Dazomet) (organophosphate insecticides) (Ethoprop)(Fenamiphos)(Fosthiazate) (Terbufos) 肟 (carbamate or oxime insecticides) (carbofuran)(oxamyl) (Terbufos+Oxymyl) (DCIP, Nemamort)()(Morantel tartrate) (Rodenticides) (coumarin anticoagulants)(warfarin) (Flocoumafen) 茚 (indandione anticoagulatns)(diphacinone) scilliroside
mllee 20111121.doc 7/14 (DDT) (Zinc phosphide, Zn 3 P 3 ) (Sodium fluoroacetate) (Fungicides) (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee, FRAC)( http://www.frac.info/frac/index.htm) MOA FRAC FRAC FRAC A 4, 8, 31, 32 H 19, 26, 40 B 1, 10, 20, 22, I 16.1, 16.2 43 C 7, 11, 21, 29, P P 30, 38, 39, 45 D 9, 23-25, 41 U 27, 33-37, 42, U5, U6, U8, U12, U13 E 2, 12, 13 M M1-M9 F 6, 14, 28, 44 NC NC G 3, 5, 17, 18 1. M1 M2 M7. ( ) 2. A2. (2-) 3. B1. 4. C1. 5. C2. 吡 6. C3. 醌 7. D1. 8. E1. 9. E3. 10. F2. 11. G1.
mllee 20111121.doc 8/14 12. G2. 啉 13. H4. 酶 14. U9-10. cyflufenamid, metrafenone 15. NC. 16. 蟎 1. A1.(Phenylamides) a.acylalanine b.oxazolidinone c.butyrolactone Ofurace 2. A3. 3. B3. β 4. B5. 5. C3. 醌 6. C4. 醌 7. F3. 8. F4. 9. H5. 10. U1. 酰 肟 11. U2. B1. (Benzimidazoles) -- C2. 吡 (pyridine-carboxamides) -- D1. (Anilinopyrminides) -- E2. 吡 (Phenylpyrroles) -- (fludioxonil) E3. (Dicarboximides) -- 吡 吡 (Bactericides)
mllee 20111121.doc 9/14 (tetracyclin)(streptomycin) (kasugamycin) 索 林 (oxolinicacid) [Bordeaux mixture 1885 CuSO 4 7Cu(OH) 2 6Ca(OH) 2 ] CuCl(OH) 3 (Copper hydroxide) (Copper oxychloride CuCl 2 3CuO 3H 2 O) Cu 2 O (Cuprous oxide Cu 2 O)(Copper sulfate) (Oxine-copper) (Probenazole) 爛 (Tecloftalam) 殺 葉 力 力 (Herbicides) 1960 130 殺 年 類 3 (http://www.hracglobal.com/publications/classificationofherbicidesiteofaction/tabid /222/Default.aspx) A 酶 A 酶 [Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)] I B 酶 [Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS)] K 酶 (Inhibition of DHP (dihydropteroate) synthase) / [Microtubule assembly inhibition, Inhibition of mitosis / microtubule organization, Inhibition of VLCFAs ( see Remarks) (Inhibition of cell
mllee 20111121.doc 10/14 division)] C II (Inhibition of photosythesis at photosystem II) L synthesis] D E F G H I (Photosystem-I-electron diversion) 酶 [Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)] PDS 4-HPPD () [Bleaching: Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis at the phytoene desaturase step (PDS), Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-di oxygenase (4-HPPD), Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis (unknown target)] EPSP 酶 (Inhibition of EPSP synthase) 酶 (Inhibition of glutamine synthetase) M N O P Z ( ) [Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) [Uncoupling (Membrane disruption)] ( 酶 酶 )(Inhibition of lipid synthesis - not ACCase inhibition) - 吲 哚 [Action like indole acetic acid (synthetic auxins)] (Inhibition of auxin transport) (Unknown) (quinclorac)(triclopyr)- (fluroxypyr) ( ) ALS(AHAS) (valine)(leucine) (isoleucine) (imazapyr) (pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)(imazosulfuron) (bensulfuron- methyl)(ethoxysulfuron) ( )(phenylalanine) (tyrosine)(tryptophan) (glyphosate)
mllee 20111121.doc 11/14 ACCase (fluazifop-p-butyl) (haloxyfop-r-methyl)(cycloxydim) (quizalofop-p-ethyl)(clethodim)(propaquizafop) (sethoxyim)(cyhalofop-butyl)(tepraloxydim) (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) ( ) (protein tubukin) (microtubule) (pendimethalin)(butralin) (dinitramine)(benefin) ( ) (GAs), (butachlor) (alachlor) (benthiocarb)(s-metolachlor)(dalapon) (pretilachlor) (metazahlor) (napropamide)(flupropanate) ( ) PSII D1 protein (ametryn)(atrazine) (bromacil) (diuron)(linuron)(metobromuron) (metribuzin) ( ) PSII Hill reaction (bentazon) bipyridyliums, diphenyl ethers, oxadiazoles, phosphinic acids, triazolinone Bipyridyliums PSI ferredoxin (paraquat)(glufosinate - ammonium) (oxadiazon)(oxyfluorfen)(bifenox) (acifluorfen)
mllee 20111121.doc 12/14 (carotinoid) (clomazone) (monosodium methanear-sonate; MSMA) (Plant Growth Regulators) (Auxins) 裂 不 (Gibberellins) (Cytokinins) 裂 (Abscisicacid) 落 (Ethylene) (Biological pesticides, Biopesticides) 不 精 ( nicotine) 精 (pyrethrum) 精 (rotenone) 蘆 (sabadilla, vertrine)(azadirachtin) (saponins) 類 洛 葉 茶 葉 來 離 良 力 (Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt) (nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV) 粒 (granulosis virus, GV) (Bacillus subtilis)(trichoderma spp.) 60
mllee 20111121.doc 13/14 1. (Do not use the product exclusively) 2. (Restrict the number of treatments applied per season, and apply only when strictly necessary. Use other pesticides subsequently) 3. (Maintain manufacturer s recommended dose) 4. (Avoid eradicant use) 5. (Integrated disease management) (Integrated Pest Management, IPM) 6. (Chemical diversity) 1. http://pesticide.baphiq.gov.tw/web/insecticides_menuitem3.aspx 2. http://pesticide.baphiq.gov.tw/web/insecticides_menuitem5_3.aspx 3. http://www.tactri.gov.tw/htdocs/ppmtable/ 4. http://ogserv.tactri.gov.tw/moa/
mllee 20111121.doc 14/14 5. http://otserv.tactri.gov.tw/ppm/ 6. http://public.tactri.gov.tw/cdfiler/asp/main.asp?print=false 7. http://www.tari.gov.tw/techcd/index.htm 8. 2008 61-89 249 970004 2008 12 9. 2008 205-226 249 970004 2008 12 10. 2008 110-127 249 970004 2008 12 11. Ware, G. W, and Whitacre, D. M. 2004. The Pesticide Book. 6 th ed. 487pp. MeisterPro Information Resources. USA.