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Qimai - TFR June 2014 1 THE EIGHT EXTRAORDINARY MERIDIANS NANJING 27 The mai (vital circulations, 脈 ) include the eight mai of the extraordinary meridians (qi jing ba mai 奇經八脈 ), eight mai which are not controlled by the 12 meridians (jing 脈 ). What can one say of that? Well, it is like this : there is the yang wei 陽維 - there is the yin wei 陰維 there is the yang qiao 陽蹻 - there is the yin qiao 陰蹻 there is the chong (mai) 衝 there is the du (mai) 督 there is the ren (mai) 任 there is the dai (mai) 帶 These eight mai are not controled by the (12) meridians; it is because of this that they are called : the eight mai which are the extraordinary meridians (qi jing ba mai 奇經八脈 ) [ ] The Sages (sheng ren 襄人 ) scheme and lay out canals and ditches (gou qu 溝渠 ) for an easy circulation (tong 通 ) of the waterways (shui dao 水道 ); this is to guard against unexpected circumstances. When rain descends from heaven, canals and ditches Jill up to overjlowing (yi man 溢滿 ). But if the rains are torrential to the point of creating rambling (overjlow) (wang xing 妄行 ), then at that moment the Sage man can no longer turn to his (ordynary) scheme; the luomai ( 絡脈 ) are full up and overjlow. This is why (the ordinary system of) the meridians cannot controled (the extraordinary meridians). 脈有奇經八脈者不拘於十二經何謂也 mai you qi jing ba mai zhe bu ju yu shi er jing he wei ye 然有陽維有陰維有陽蹻有陰蹻有衝有督有任有帶之脈 ran you yang wei you yin wei you yang qiao you yin qiao you chong you du you ren you dai zhi mai 凡此八脈者皆不拘於經故曰奇經八脈也 fan ci ba mai zhe jie bu ju yu jing gu yue qi jing ba mai ye 經有十二絡有十五凡二十七氣相隨上下何獨不拘於經也 jing you shi er luo you shi wu fan er shi qi qi xiang sui shang xia he du bu ju yu jing ye 然聖人圖設溝渠通利水道以備不然 ran sheng ren tu she gou qu tong li shui dao yi bei bu ran 天雨降下溝渠溢滿當此之時南需妄行聖人不能復圖也 9an yu jiang xia gou qu yi man dang ci bu shi pang xu wang xing sheng ren bu neng fu tu ye 此絡脈滿溢諸經不能復拘也 ci luo mai man yi zhu jing bu neng fu ju ye

Qimai - TFR June 2014 2 NANJING 28 DUMAI ( 督脈 ) arises from the transportation (hole) (shu 俞 ) at the lower pole (xia ji 下極 ); it doubles the spinal column on the inside; it rises up to Fengfu (Dumai 16) and penetrates the brain with which it takes a belonging (shu 屬 ) relationship. RENMAI ( 任脈 ) arises below the central pole (Zhongji 中極, Renmai 3); it rises to the border of the (pubic) hair; it passes along the abdomen on the inside; it rises to Guanyuan (Renmai 4); it reaches the throat. CHONGMAI ( 衝脈 ) arises at Qichong ( 氣衝, St. 30); it doubles the pathways of the meridian of the Yangming of the foot; it surrounds the navel and rises; it reaches the middle of the thorax and diffuses there. DAIMAI ( 帶脈 ) arises from the last ribs; it turns once around the body. YANG QIAOMAI ( 陽蹻脈 ) arises from the middle of the heel (gen zhong 跟中 ); it passes over the external (lateral) malleolus and penetrates Fengchi (G.B.20). YIN QIAOMAI ( 陰蹻脈 ) also arises from the middle of the heel; it passes over the internal malleolus and rises; it reaches the pharynx; it crosses (jiao 交 ) then joins the Chongmai. YANG WEI ( 陽維 ) and YIN WEI ( 陰維 ) : they fasten and hold the body together (wei luo 維絡 ), in situations of overjlowing or of accumulation which prevent the circular movement by which irrigation is poured out to all the meridians. Thus the Yang wei arises at the meeting (hui 會 ) of all the yang and the Yin wei arises at the crossing (jiao 交 ) of all the yin. 其奇經八脈者既不拘於十二經, 皆何起何繼也? qi qi jing ba mai zhe ji bu ju yu shi er jing jie he qi he ji ye? 然督脈者起於下極之俞並於背裡上至風府入於腦 ran du mai zhe qi yu xia ji zhi shu bing yu bei li shang zhi feng fu ru yu nao 任脈者起於中極之下以上毛陰循腹裡上關元至咽喉 ren mai zhe qi yu zhong ji zhi xia yi shang mao yin xun fu li shang guan yuan zhi yan hou 衝脈者起於氣衝並足陽明之經夾臍上行至胸中而散也 chong mai zhe qi yu qi chong bing zu yang ming zhi jing jia qi shang xing zhi xiong zhong er san ye 帶脈者起於季脅迴身一周 dai mai zhe qi yu ji xie hui shen yi zhou 陽蹻脈者起於跟中循外踝上行入風池 yang qiao mai zhe qi yu gen zhong xun wai huai shang xing ru feng chi 陰蹻脈者亦起於跟中循內踝上行至咽喉交貫衝脈 yin qiao mai zhe yi qi yu gen zhong xun nei huai shang xing zhi yan hou jiao guan chong mai 陽維陰維者維絡於身溢畜不能環流灌溉諸經者也 yang wei yin wei zhe wei luo yu shen yi xu bu neng huan liu guan gai zhu jing zhe ye 故陽維起於諸陽會也陰維起於諸陰交也 gu yang wei qi yu zhu yang hui ye yin wei qi yu zhu yin jiao ye

Qimai - TFR June 2014 3 NANJING 29 What is it like when the single conduits have an illness? It is like this. The yang tie is tied to the yang (conduits); the yin tie is tied to the yin (conduits). When the yin and yang (tie vessels)- cannot maintain their respective ties, one feels unconfortable and loses one s mind. One is weak and cannot support one s (stature). When the yang tie has an illness, one suffers from (Jits of) cold and heat. When the yin tie has an illness, one uffers from heartache. When the yin walker (- vessel) has an illness, the yang (walker- vessel) is relaxed while the yin (walker- vessel is tense. When the yang walker (- vessel) has an illness, the yin (walker- vessel) is relaxed while the yang (walker- vessel) is tense. When the through- way (vessel) has an illness, the injluences move contrary to their proper course and tensions occur inside (the abdomen). When the supervisor (vessel) has an illness, one s back is stiff and (it is bent) backward. When the controller (vessel) has an illness, one suffers from internal knots. Males will develop the seven accumulation ills; females will develop concentration ills. When the belt (vessel) has an illness the abdomen will be full, and the loins will be bloated as if one were sitting in water. That happens when the eight single- conduits vessels have an illness. (P.U.) 1 奇經之為病何如 qi jing zhi wei bing he ru 然陽維為於陽陰維為於陰 ran yang wei wei yu yang yin wei wei yu yin 陰陽不能自相維則悵然失志溶溶不能自收持 yin yang bu neng zi xiang wei ze chang ran shi zhi rong rong bu neng zi shou chi 陽維為病苦寒熱陰維為病苦心痛 yang wei wei bing ku han re yin wei wei bing ku xin tong 陰蹻為病陽緩而陰急陽蹻為病陰緩而陽急 yin qiao wei bing yang huan er yin ji yang qiao wei bing yin huan er yang ji 衝之為病逆氣而裡急 chong zhi wei bing ni qi er li ji 督之為病脊強而厥 du zhi wei bing ji qiang er jue 任之為病其內苦結男子為七疝女子為瘕聚 ren zhi wei bing qi nei ku jie nan zi wei qi shan nü zi wei jia ju 帶之為病腹滿腰溶溶若坐水中此奇經八脈之為病也 dai zhi wei bing fu man yao rong rong ruo zuo shui zhong ci qi jing ba mai zhi wei bing ye 1 1 P.U. : Transla;on by Paul Unschuld and Herman Tessenow, Huang di nei jing su wen, University of Calilfornia Press, 2011

Qimai - TFR June 2014 4 SUWEN 1 (In a woman) At 2 times 7 years, fertility arrives, Renmai functions fully while the powerfull Chongmai rises in power : The menses Jlow downwards in their time and she has children. 二七而天癸至. 任脈通. 太衝脈盛. 月事以時下. 故有子 er qi er 9an gui zhi.ren mai tong.tai chong mai sheng.yue shi yi shi xia.gu you zi [...] At 7 times 7 years, the Renmai is empty, the powerfull Chongmai declines progressively, fertility dries up : nothing further passes through the way of Earth, the body withers and she no longer has children. 七七任脈虛. 太衝脈衰少. 天癸竭. 地道不通. 故形壞而無子也 qi qi ren mai xu.tai chong mai shuai shao.9an gui jie.di dao bu tong.gu xing huai er wu zi ye SUWEN 35 [Huang] Di: How about solitary [heat] malaria (dan nüe 癉瘧 )? Qi Bo: In case of solitary [heat] malaria the lung is habitually hot. The qi abounds in the body. When it comes to recession with countermovement (jue ni 厥逆 ), with [the qi] rushing upwards (shang chong 上衝 ), the central qi (zhong qi 中氣 ) is replete and does not Jlow away towards the outside. (P.U.) 帝曰. 癉瘧何如. 岐伯曰. 癉瘧者. 肺素有熱. 氣盛於身. 厥逆上衝. 中氣實而不外泄. SUWEN 39 When cold qi settles in the thoroughfare vessel, (the thoroughfare vessel emerges from the Pass Head, and rises straight up along the adbdomen) when cold qi settles [in it], then this vessel is no [longer] passable. When this vessel is no [longer] passable, then the qi moves accordingly. Hence, a panting movement responds to the [pressure exerted by the] hand. (P.U.) 寒氣客於衝脈. 衝脈起於關元. 隨腹直上. 寒氣客則脈不通. 脈不通則氣因之. 故喘動應手矣 SUWEN 44 Chongmai is the sea of the meridians (jing mai 經脈 ); it commands the humidijication and irrigation, through impregnation, of the small and large valleys (xi gu 溪谷 ); it makes its junction (he 合 ) with the Yangming at the ancestral muscle (zong jin 宗筋 ).

Qimai - TFR June 2014 5 Yin and yang meet together at the ancestral muscle; they meet at Qijie (ST 30) and the Yangming is the leader. All this maintains a relation of belonging (shu 屬 ) with the Daimai ( 帶脈 ) and a connecting (luo 絡 ) relation with the Dumai ( 督脈 ). So, when the Yangming is empty, the ancestral muscle is loose (zong 縱 ), the Daimai no longer leads (the qi, yin 引 ) and for this reason the feet (lower limbs) are impotent (wei 痿 ) and can no longer function. 岐伯曰 : 陽明者五臟六腑之海, 主潤宗筋, Qi bo yue : yang ming zhe wu zang liu fu zhi hai, zhu run zong jin, 宗筋主束骨而利機關也沖脈者, 經脈之海也, zong jin zhu shu gu er li ji guan ye Chong mai zhe, jing mai zhi hai ye, 主滲灌溪谷, 與陽明合於宗筋, 陰陽纾宗筋之會, zhu shen guan xi gu, yu yang ming he yu zong jin, yin yang shu zong jin zhi hui, 合於氣街, 而陽明為之長, 皆屬於帶脈, 而絡於督脈 he yu qi jie, er yang ming wei zhi chang, jie shu yu dai mai, er luo yu du mai 故陽明虛, 則宗筋縱, 帶脈不引, 故足痿不用也 Gu yang ming xu,ze zong jin zong, dai mai bu yin, gu zu wei bu yong ye SUWEN 60 Renmai ( 任脈 ) arises below the central pole (Zhongji 中極, Renmai 3); it rises to the border of the (pubic) hair; it passes along the abdomen on the inside; it rises to Guanyuan (Renmai 4); it reaches the throat (yan hou 咽喉 ), rises to the chin, passes through the face and penetrates the eyes. 任脈者. 起於中極之下以上毛際. 循腹裡. 上關元. 至咽喉. 上頤. 循面入目 ren mai zhe qi yu zhong ji zhi xia yi shang mao ji xun fu li shang guan yuan zhi yan hou shang yi xun mian ru mu Chongmai arises from Qijie ( 氣街, St.30); doubling the meridian of Shaoyin, it surrounds the navel and rises; it reaches the middle of the thorax and diffuses there. 衝脈者. 起於氣街. 並少陰之經. 俠齊上行. 至胸中而散 chong mai zhe qi yu qi jie bing shao yin zhi jing xia qi shang xing zhi xiong zhong er san When Renmai generates diseases, in a man there is inner knots (nei jie 內結 ) and the 7 kinds of shan ( 疝 ); in a woman there is vaginal discharge (daixia 帶下 ) and conglomeration with gathering (jia ju 瘕聚 ). 任脈為病. 男子內結七疝. 女子帶下瘕聚. ren mai wai bing nan zi nei jie qi shan nü zi dai xia jia ju

Qimai - TFR June 2014 6 When Chongmai generates diseases, the qi goes counterjlow (rebellious, ni qi 逆氣 ) and abdominal urgency (li ji 裡急 ). 衝脈為病. 逆氣裡急. chong mai wei bing ni qi li ji When Dumai generates diseases, the spine is stiff and is arched in reverse (opisthotonos, fan zhe 反折 ) 督脈為病. 脊強反折. du mai wei bing ji jiang fan zhe Dumai arises in the lower abdomen and descends directly in the middle of the bone (of the symphysis pubis). In women, it penetrates to connect with the extremity of the urinary meatus. Its connecting circulation (luo 絡 ) passes through the genitals and makes a junction in between (the two lower orijices) at the perineum. It follows the curve of the perineum behind and send a detachment (bie 別 ) to folllow the curve of the buttocks; it reaches the Shaoyin as well as the central connecting circulation of the great yang (i.e. the external branch of the Taiyang, Bladder meridian in the back). It makes a junction with the Shaoyin and rises on the upper- internal face of the thigh (the yin aspect of the thigh); it passes through the spinal column and takes a relation of belonging (obedience, shu 屬 ) with the kidneys. 督脈者. 起於少腹. 以下骨中央. 女子入繫廷孔. 其孔. Du mai zhe.qi yu shao fu.yi xia gu zhong yang.nü zi ru xi 9ng kong.qi kong. 溺孔之端也. 其絡循陰器. 合篡間. 繞篡後. 別繞臀. Ni kong zhi duan ye.qi luo xun yin qi.he cuan jian.rao cuan hou.bie rao tun. 至少陰. 與巨陽中絡者合. 少陰上股內後廉. 貫脊屬腎. Zhi shao yin.yu ju yang zhong luo zhe he.shao yin shang gu nei hou lian.guan ji shu shen. It arises with Taiyang at the internal corner of the eye; it rises to the forehead and makes a crossing (jiao 交 ) above at the vertex; it penetrates and connects (luo 絡 ) with the brain; returning, it leaves (the depths of the brain), send a detachment to (bie 別 ) and descends the nape of the neck; it passes through the internal part of the scapula, Jlanks the spinal column and reaches the middle of the loins; it penetrates (deep) and runs along the vertebral column and connects (luo 絡 ) with the kidneys. 與太陽起於目內眥. 上額交巔上. 入絡腦還出別下項. yu tai yang qi yu mu nei zi shang e jiao dian shang ru luo nao huan chu bie xia xiang 循肩膊內. 俠脊抵腰中. 入循膂絡腎. 其男子循莖. 下至篡與女子等. xun jian bo nei.xia ji di yao zhong.ru xun lü luo shen.qi nan zi xun jing.xia zhi cuan Yu nü zi deng.

Qimai - TFR June 2014 7 In men, it runs along the penis and descends to the perineum; then it is the same as women. The pathway that rises directly from the lower abdomen runs through the middle of the navel, rises to go through the heart and penetrate the throat, rises to the chin, encircles the lips, rises to connect under the two eyes, right in the middle. 其少腹直上者. 貫齊中央. 上貫心入喉. qi shao fu zhi shang zhe.guan qi zhong yang.shang guan xin ru hou. 上頤環脣. 上繫兩目之下中央. Shang yi huan chun.shang xi liang mu zhi xia zhong yang When it generates a disease, there is pain from the lower abdomen rushing upwards to the heart (shang chong xin 上衝心 ). [Patients] cannot [relieve nature] in front and behind. This causes the surging elevation illness (chong shan 衝疝 ). (P.U.) 此生病. 從少腹上衝心而痛. 不得前後. 為衝疝. In females [this disease] prevents them from becoming pregnant. [Also, it leads to] protuberance illness (long 癃 ), piles, [involuntary] loss of urine, and dry throat. (P.U.) 其女子不孕. 癃痔遺溺嗌乾. When the supervisor vessel generates a disease, treat the supervisor vessel. Treat it above the [pubic] bone. In severe cases [treat] at the camp (ying 營 ) below the navel. (P.U.) 督脈生病. 治督脈. 治在骨上. 甚者在齊下營 When [the patient experiences] rising qi with sounds, treat in the center of the throat. {This is in the midst of the broken basins.} When the [patient] suffers from [qi] rushing upwards to the throat (shang chong yan 上衝喉 ), treat at the advance.{as for advance, this is the rise [of the vessels] on both sides of the chin.}. (P.U.) 其上氣有音者治其喉中央在缺盆中者. 其病上衝喉者治其漸. 漸者上俠頤也. LINGSHU 10 The divergent (pathways, bie 別 = luo)) of the Renmai is called Weiyi ( 尾翳 ), it descends to Jiuwei (Ren 15, 鳩尾 ) and spreads in the abdomen. In case of fulness, the skin of the abdomen is painful (fu pi tong 腹皮痛 ). In case of emptyness, it itches (yang sao 癢搔 ). 任脈之別. 名曰尾翳. 下鳩尾. 散于腹. 實則腹皮痛. 虛則癢搔

Qimai - TFR June 2014 8 The divergent (pathways, bie 別 = luo) of the Dumai is called Changqiang (DU1, ). It runs both sides of the spine and ascends to the nape of the neck; above it spreads in the head; below it runs on the left and right scapula; a divergent (pathways, bie 別 ) goes to the Taiyang, penetrates and threads throught the spine. In case of fulness, the spine is stiff (ji jiang 脊強 ). In case of emptyness, the head is heavy (tou zhong 頭重 ), the high shakes (gao yao 高搖 ). 督脈之別. 名曰長強. 挾膂上項. 散頭上. 下當肩胛左右. 別走太陽. 入貫膂. 實則脊強. 虛則頭重. 高搖之. 挾脊之有過者. 取之所別也. LINGSHU 17 Huang di : From where does Qiaomai arise, and where does it stop? How is its qi concerned with making lustrous (rong 榮 ) and watered (shui 水 )? Qi Bo ; Qiao is a divergent (pathways, bie 別 ) of the Shaoyin, arising behind Rangu (Kid 2). It ascends over the inner malleolus it ascends straight following the internal part of the tigh, penetrating the genitals (yin 陰 ). It ascends following the chest inwardly and enters Quepen (St. 12). It ascends and exits in front of Renying (St.9). It enters the checkbone and pays obedience (shu 屬 ) to the inner canthus, where it makes a junction (he 合 ) with Taiyang and Yangqiao, and continues to rise. When the qi (of the 2 Qiao and Taiyang) are all together in mutual exchanges, then they moisten (ru 濡 ) the eyes; if the qi does not make it lustrous, then the eye does not close (he 合 ). 黃帝曰. 蹻脈安起安止. 何氣榮水. 岐伯荅曰. 蹻脈者. 少陰之別. 起于然骨之後. 上內踝之上. 直上循陰股. 入陰. 上循胸裡. 入缺盆. 上出人迎之前. 入頄. 屬目內眥. 合于太陽陽蹻而上行. 氣并相還. 則為濡目. 氣不榮. 則目不合 [ ] Qiaomai, they are yin and yang. But which circulation (mai ) enters in the calculation (of the total length for all the mai in the body, shu 數 )? For a man, the calculation (natural law, shu 數 ) takes the yang and for a woman, it takes the yin. The one which is taken is the meridian (the rule, jing 經 ) and the one whichi is not taken is the luo ( 絡 ). 男子數其陽女子數其陰當數者為經其不當數者為絡

Qimai - TFR June 2014 9 LINGSHU 21 The Taiyang of the foot is in free communication (tong 通 ) with the neck and penetrates into the brain. It directly goes to be obedient (shu 屬 ) to the root of the eyes (yan gen 目本 ), which is called the connecting system of the eye (yan xi 眼系 ). If the head and eye have sharp pains one needles the middles of the nape of the neck between the two muscles. It penetrates to the brain and separates into Yinqiao ( 陰蹻 ) and Yangqiao ( 陽蹻 ). Yin and Yang intertwine (xiang jiao 相交 ), the yang penetrates the yin and the yin comes out of the yang. There is a meeting at the internal corner of the eye. When the yang qi rise in power (sheng 盛 ) à the one opens the eyes. When the yin qi rise in power then one closes the eye. 足太陽. 有通項入于腦者. 正屬目本. 名曰眼系. 頭目苦痛. 取之在項中兩筋間. 入腦乃別陰蹻陽蹻. 陰陽相交. 陽入陰. 陰出陽. 交于目銳眥. 陽氣盛則瞋目. 陰氣盛則瞑目. LINGSHU 33 Chongmai is the sea of the 12 meridians. Its transportations (hole) (shu 輸 ) are above at Dazhu (BL 11) and below it appears at the upper and lower face of the great void (= ST 37 and ST 39) 衝脈者. 為十二經之海. 其輸上在于大杼. 下出于巨虛之上下廉. chong mai zhe.wei shi er jing zhi hai.qi shu shang zai yu da zhu.xia chu yu ju xu zhi shang xia lian [...] Excess of the sea of blood : one has constantly the sensation of a large body, one is ill at ease (anxious and unhappy) without knowing where the illness is. InsufJiciency of sea of blood : one has constantly the sensation of a small body, one is cramped without knowing where the illness is. 血海有餘. 則常想其身大. 怫然不知其所病. xie hai you yu.ze chang xiang qi shen da.fu ran bu zhi qi suo bing. 血海不足. 亦常想其身小. 狹然不知其所病. xie hai bu zu.yi chang xiang qi shen xiao.xia ran bu zhi qi suo bing. LINGSHU 38 The Chongmai is the sea of the Five zang and Six fu. Its rising (part) appears at the oropharynx, Jilters to all the yang, irrigates all the essences.

Qimai - TFR June 2014 10 Its descending (part) pours out into the great connecting network (luo 絡 ) of the Shaoyin, arises under the kidneys, appears at Qijie (ST 30), runs along the internal face of the yin aspect of the thigh; obliquely penetrates the middle of the back of the knee, hides itself and circulates on the internal face of the tibia; together with the Shaoyin meridian, it descends and penetrates behind the internal malleolus; it penetrates under the foot. Its detachment (bie 別 ), together with the Shaoyin, Jilters into the three yin, obliquely penetrates the malleolus, hides itself and circulates, leaves and takes a belonging (shu 屬 ) relation with the top of the foot, penetrates the big toe; it Jilters into the connecting networks (luo 絡 ) and warms the Jlesh of the foot and leg. It is why when the divergent luo are knoted, the top of the foot cannot move (dong 動 ); if it cannot move, there is a reversal (jue 厥 ) and if there is a reversal, there is cold. 夫衝脈者. 五藏六府之海也. 五藏六府皆稟焉. fu chong mai zhe.wu cang liu fu zhi hai ye.wu cang liu fu jie bing yan. 其上者. 出於頏喪. 滲諸陽. 灌諸精. qi shang zhe.chu yu hang sang.shen zhu yang.guan zhu jing. 其下者. 注少陰之大絡. 出于氣街. 循陰股內廉. 入膕中. 伏行骭骨內. qi xia zhe.zhu shao yin zhi da luo.chu yu qi jie.xun yin gu nei lian.ru guo zhong.fu xing gan gu nei. 下至內踝之後屬而別. 其下者. 並于少陰之經. 滲三陰. 其前者. xia zhi nei huai zhihou shu er bie.qi xia zhe.bing yu shao yin zhi jing.shen san yin.qi qian zhe. 伏行出跗屬下. 循跗入大指間. 滲諸絡而溫肌肉. fu xing chu fu shu xia.xun fu ru da zhi jian.shen zhu luo er wen ji rou. 故別絡結. 則跗上不動. 不動則厥. 厥則寒矣. gu bie luo jie ze fu shang bu dong bu dong ze jue jue ze han yi LINGSHU 52 The qi of the chest has a road (street, jie 街 ); the qi of the abdomen has a road; the qi of the head has a road; and the qi of the leg has a road. Hence, when the qi is in the head, it stops in the brain. When the qi is in the chest, it stops in the breasts and the shu back point (bei shu 背俞 ). WHen the qi is in the abdomen, it stops at the shu back (bei shu 背俞 ) points and at the Chongmai, the circulation moving (beating, dong mai 動脈 ) both sides of the navel. When the qi is in the leg, it stops at the Qi Street (St.30, Qijie 氣街 ), at Chengshan (Bl.57) and above and below the malleolus. 胸氣有街. 腹氣有街. 頭氣有街. 脛氣有街. 故氣在頭者. 止之于腦. 氣在胸者. 止之膺與背俞. 氣在腹者. 止之背俞與衝脈于臍左右之動脈者. 氣在脛者. 止之于氣街與承山踝上以下.

Qimai - TFR June 2014 11 LINGSHU 62 Chongmai is the sea of the 12 meridians (jing 經 ). With the great connecting network (luo 絡 ) of the Shaoyin, it arises under the kidneys and appears at Qijie (ST 30). It runs along the yin aspect of the thigh and, obliquely, it penetrates the middle of the popliteal crease, it runs along the leg inside together with the meridian of Shaoyin: it descends and penetrates behind the internal malleolus; it penetrates underneath the foot. Its divergent pathway obliquely penetrates the ankle (malleolus), appears to pay obedience to the top of the foot, penetrates the big toe and pours into all the luo in order to warm up foot and leg. 衝脈者. 十二經之海也. 少陰之大絡. 起于腎. 下出于氣街. chong mai zhe.shi er jing zhi hai ye.yu shao yin zhi da luo.qi yu shen.xia chu yu qi jie. 循陰股內廉. 邪入膕中. 循脛骨內廉. 並少陰之經. 下入內踝之後. xun yin gu nei lian.xie ru guo zhong.xun jing gu nei lian.bing shao yin zhi jing.xia ru nei huai zhi hou. 入足下. 其別者. 邪入踝. 出屬跗上. 入大指之間. 注諸絡. 以溫足脛. ru zu xia.qi bie zhe.xie ru huai.chu shu fu shang.ru da zhi zhi jian.zhu zhu luo.yi wen zu jing. LINGSHU 65 Chongmai and Renmai both arise in the middle of the vital protection (bao zhong 胞中 ); they rise running up the back on the inside and make the sea of the meridians and connective circulations (jing luo 經絡 ). Their pathway, emerged and external, runs along the abdomen by the right and rise. They meet together at the pharynx; a detachment (bie 別 ) takes a connecting (luo 絡 ) relation with the lips and the mouth. When blood and qi (xue qi 血氣 ) rise in power, the skin is plenijied and the Jlesh warmed. When only the blood rises in power, a drop by drop injiltration of the layers of the skin gives what is necessary to the growth of the hair. Now women, in their physiology, have an excess of qi and an insufjiciency of blood, following the frequent loss of blood; Chongmai and Renmai do not make her mouth and lips Jlourish (rong 榮 ), and because of this she does not have a beard growing there. 衝脈任脈. 皆起於胞中. 上循背裡. 為經絡之海. 其浮而外者. 循腹右上行. chong mai ren mai jie qi yu bao zhong shang xun bei li wei jing luo zhi hai qi fu er wai zhe xun fu you shang xing 會於咽喉. 別而絡脣口. 血氣盛. 則充膚熱肉. 血獨盛. 則澹滲皮膚. 生毫毛 hui yu yan hou bie er luo chun kou xie qi sheng ze chong fu re rou xie du sheng ze dan shen pi fu sheng hao mao 今婦人之生有餘於氣不足於血以其數脫血也. 衝任之脈不榮口脣. 故鬚不生焉 jin fu ren zhi sheng you yu yu qi bu zu yu xie yi qi shu tuo xie ye chong ren zhi mai bu rong kou chun gu xu bu sheng yan [...]

Qimai - TFR June 2014 12 Eunuchs (by accident or operation) their ancestral muscle (converging of the muscular force, zong jin 宗筋 ) has gone, their Chongmai has been attacked, the blood has been dispersed without return, the skin is knotted on the inside; there is no Jlourishing (rong 榮 ) at the lips and mouth, and this is why the beard does not grow. 宦者去其宗筋. 傷其衝脈. 血寫不復. 皮膚內結. 脣口不榮. 故鬚不生. [...] (With natural eunuchs) there is an insufjiciency in the nature (tian 天 : Heaven); with them Renmai and Chongmai haven not risen in power (bu sheng 不盛 ), the ancestral muscle (zong jin 宗筋 ) is incomplete (bu cheng 不成 ). They have qi but no blood; lipsand mouth do not frlourish (rong 榮 ) and this is why the beard does not grow. 此天之所不足也. 其任衝不盛. 宗筋不成. 有氣無血. 脣口不榮. 故鬚不生. LINGSHU 73 If one cannot localize the suffering, (one needles) the two Qiao, below. If one needles the Yin for a man and the Yang for a woman, one does something forbidden to a practitioner of a high level. 不知所苦. 兩蹻之下. 男陰女陽. 良工所禁. QIJING BAMAI KAO (by Li Shizhen) Daimai surges from the point Zhangmen (Liv.13) on the Jueyin of the foot, by the lower ribs. Together with the Shaoyang of the foot, it runs along the point Daimai (GB 26). It makes a complete circuit of the body, like a belt which is tied together. It meets the Shaoyang of the foot again at Wushu (GB 27) and Weidao (GB2 28). Yang Shi says : Daimai takes all the mai ( 脈 ) under its command by linking them; it ensures that there is no erratic circulation like a man who ties together a belt which hangs at the front. [...] The Yinqiao ( 陰蹻 ) is a mai ( 脈 ) which is detached (bie 別 ) from the Shaoyin of the foot. Together with the Shaoyin, it runs along the internal malleolus under the point Zhaohai (Kid 6). It rises 2 cun above the internal malleolus to make Jiaoxin (Kid 8) its reserve (xi clef point), then it rises directly, running over yin aspect of the thigh and penetrates the genitals (yin 陰 ). It rises, running through the thorax and penetrates Quepen (ST 12), it rises, appearing in front of Renying (ST 9). It reaches the larynx, with which it makes a crossing exchange (jiao 交 ), and links with Chongmai. It penetrates the internal side of the malar bone, it rises to take a belonging (shu 屬 ) relation with the internal corner of the eye, where there is a meeting of Five mai : Taiyang of the hand and foot, Yangming of the foot, Yangqiao and Yinqiao, at Jingming (BL 1).

Qimai - TFR June 2014 13 [...] The Yangqiao ( 陽蹻 ) is a mai that is detached (bie 別 ) from the Taiyang of the foot. This mai surges from the middle of the heel. It appears under the external malleolus, at Shenmai (BL 62) of the Taiyang of the foot. At the level of the back of the malleolus, it turns around the heel to root itself (ben 本 ) at Pucan (BL 61). It rises directly, running over the external face of the thigh, runs over the back of the ribs and rises to the top of the back. It meets the Taiyang of the hand at Naoyu (SI 10). It rises on the external sides of the shoulder and above the scapula and meets the Yangming of the hand at Jianyu (Co 15). It rises to Renying (ST 9), and surrounds the corners of the mouth. It meets with the Yangming of the hand and foot and Renmai at Dicang (ST 4). Together with the Yangming of the foot it rises to Juliao (ST 3). It meets once more with the Renmai at Chengqi (ST 1). It reaches the internal corner of the eye where there is a meeting of Five mai : Taiyang of the hand and foot, Yangming of the foot, Yinqiao and Yangqiao, at Jingming (BL 1). From Jingming (BL 1), it rises and penetrates the hairline, it descends behind the ear, penetrates Fengchi (GB 20) and ends. [...] The Yinwei ( 陰維 ) surges from where all the yin cross (zhu yin zhi jiao 諸陰之交 ). Its mai is launched from the point Binzhu (Kid 9) on the Shaoyin of the foot which is, for the Yinwei, a reserve (xi clef point).[...] The mai rises, running over the yin aspect of the thigh, and in rising, penetrates the lower abdomen. It meets with the Taiyin, Jueyin, Shaoyin and Yangming of the foot at Fushe (Sp 13). It rises to meet Taiyin at Daheng (SP 15) and Fuai (Sp 16). It runs over the ribs and meets the Jueyin of the foot at Qimen (Liv 14). It rises to the thorax and diaphragm and surrounds the pharynx. It meets with Renmai at Tiantu (Renmai 22), and Lianquan (Renmai 23) and rises to reach the front of the top of the head where it ends. [...] The Yangwei ( 陽維 ) surges from the meeting of all the yang (zhu yang zhi hui 諸陽之會 ). Its mai is launched from the point Jinmen (BL 63) of the Taiyang of the foot... It rises to 7 cun above the malleolus where it meets the Shaoyang of the foot at Yangjiao (GB 35) which is its reserve (xi clef point). It runs over the knee on the external face and rising by the depression along the femur, reaches the side of the lower abdomen. It meets with Shaoyang of the foot at Juliao (GB 29). It runs aver the ribs, rising obliquely over them; it meets the Yangming of the hand and Tai yang of the foot and hand at Binao (Co 14); it passes to the front of the shoulder and meets the Shaoyang of the hand at Naohui (TH 13) and Tianliao (TH 15). It returns and meets the Shaoyang of the foot and hand and the Yangming of the foot at Jianjing (GB 21). It penetrates behind the shoulder and meets the Taiyang of the hand and the Yangqiao at Naoyu (SI 10). It rises and runs along the back of the ear, it meets the Shaoyang of the hand and foot at Fengchi (GB 20); it rises to Naokong (GB 19), Chengling (GB 18), Zhengying (GB 17), Muchuang (GB 16) and Lingqi (GB 15). It descends onto the forehead and it is the meeting of Five mai : Shaoyang of the foot and hand, Yangming of the foot and hand (and Yangwei) at Yangbai (GB 14). It runs along the head and penetrates the ear. It rises to Benshen (GB 13) and ends.

Qimai - TFR June 2014 14 SHANGHANLUN 67 : When, in cold damage, after vomiting or precipitation, [there is] counterjlow fullness below the heart 3, the qi surges upward to the chest, [the person experiences] dizzy head uppon standing, and the pulse is sunken and tight, ([if] sweating is promoted, the channels will be stirred 4 and there will be quivering and trembling)5 the Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes and Licorice Decoction (fu ling gui zhi bai zhu gan cao tang). (MYW) 2 傷寒若吐若下後. 心下逆滿. 氣上衝胸. 起則頭眩. 脈沈緊. 發汗則動經. 身為振振搖者. 茯苓桂枝白朮甘草湯主之 160 When in cold damage, womiting and precipitation [are used] and then sweating is promoted, [there is] vacuity vexation, and the pulse is severely faint. Altef eight or nine days, [there is] a hard glomus below the heart, pain under the rib- side, qi surging upward to the throat, veiling dizziness, and jerking of the channel vessels. [If] this endures, it will become wilting. (MYW) 傷寒吐下後. 發汗. 虛煩. 脈甚微. 八九日心下痞硬. 脅下痛. 氣上衝咽喉. 眩冒. 經脈動者. 久而成痿 JINGUI YAOLÜE Ch.12-36 After taking Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue- Green Dragon Decoction, 青龍湯 ), there is copious spittle, dry mouth, sunken pulses at the inch opening and faint pulses at the cubit positions, reverse- Jlow of the extremities (jue ni 厥逆 ), qi surging up (shang chong 上衝 ) from the lower abdomen to the chest and pharynx (xiong yan 胸咽 ), impediment (blockage, bi 痹 ) in the extremities, slight heat effusion on the face that makes one appear drunken with qi then Jlowing down to the groin, difjicult urination, and frequent veiling (mao 冒 ). Treat qi surging (qi chong 氣衝 ) with Gui Ling Wu Wei Gan Cao Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Schisandra, anf Licorice Decoction 茯苓桂枝五味甘草湯 ). 3 青龍湯下已, 多唾口燥, 寸脈沉, 尺脈微, 手足厥逆, 氣從小腹上衝胸咽, 手足痹, 其面翕熱如醉狀, 因復下流陰股, 小便難, 時復冒者, 與茯苓桂枝五味甘草湯, 治其氣衝 2 (MYW) : Shanghanlun, On Cold Damage, transl. C. Mitchell, Feng Ye, N. Wiseman, Paradigm Publica;ons, 1999. 3 Transla;on by Sung Yuk- ming, Understanding the Jin Gui Yao Lüe, People s Medical Publishing House, 2008.